economics of forage harvest and storage systems forage harvesters silos
TRANSCRIPT
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Economics of Forage Harvest and Storage Systems
•Forage Harvesters
•Silos
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Is it Time to Replace my Forage Harvester?
• Is labor availability an issue?
• Is timeliness a problem with your current equipment?
• Are your repair costs high?
• How many acres of forages do you harvest?
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Solutions to Labor Scarcity and Poor Harvest Timeliness
• Purchase higher capacity forage harvester
• Change crop rotation
• Custom hire
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Are your repair costs high?
• Current forage harvesters are designed to be more reliable and have fewer repairs over their lifetimes than older models
• Newer models of pull-type forage harvesters have an expected life of 2,500 hours compared to 2,000 for older models
• Newer models of SP forage harvesters have an expected life of 4,000 hours compared to 2,500 for older models
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Accumulated Repair Costs for Newer vs. Older Forage Harvesters
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Harvester age (hours)
To
tal r
ep
air
cost
pe
r $1
,000
of
pu
rch
ase
pri
ce
new pull-type
new SP
old pull-type
old SP
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Hourly Repair Costs for Newer vs. Older Forage Harvesters
$0.00
$0.10
$0.20
$0.30
$0.40
$0.50
$0.60
$0.70
$0.80
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Harvester age (hours)
Ho
url
y r
ep
air
cost
pe
r $
1,00
0 o
f p
urc
has
e p
rice
new pull-type
new SP
old pull-type
old SP
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Forage Harvester Comparisons:
• 2-row towed ($25,900)
• 2-row self-propelled ($159,900)
• 3-row self-propelled ($165,600)
• 6-row self-propelled ($236,600)
Prices from Univ. of MN, “Minnesota Farm Machinery Economic Cost Estimates for 2001”
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Managing Machinery Costs
• Variable costs are those which occur from operating the machinery – repairs
– labor
– fuel
– lubrication
• Fixed costs are those which result from owning the machinery – depreciation
– interest
– insurance
– housing
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Hourly Repair Costs for Four Forage Harvesters
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$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
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Harvester age (hours)
Ho
url
y r
ep
air
cost
2-row pull-type
2-row SP
3-row SP
6-row SP
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Accumulated Repair Costs for Four Forage Harvesters
$0
$20,000
$40,000
$60,000
$80,000
$100,000
$120,0000
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Harvester age (hours)
To
tal r
ep
air
cost
2-row pull-type
2-row SP
3-row SP
6-row SP
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Hourly Repair, Fuel, and Labor Costsfor Four Forage Harvesters
$0
$10
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$90
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Harvester Age (hours)
Ho
url
y c
ost 2-row pull-type
2-row SP
3-row SP
6-row SP
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Field Capacity (acres/hour)Harvester Width Speed Field Efficiency Field Capacity
3.0 mph 70%2-row pull type 5 ft.
(Range: 1.0-5.0) (Range: 65-80%)
1.27
3.5 mph 70%2-row SP 5 ft.
(Range:1.5-6.0) (Range: 65-80%)
1.48
3.5 mph 70%3-row SP 7.5 ft.
(Range:1.5-6.0) (Range: 65-80%)
2.23
3.5 mph 70%6-row SP 15 ft.
(Range:1.5-6.0) (Range: 65-80%)
4.45
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Repair, Fuel, and Labor Costs per Acrefor Four Forage Harvesters
$0
$5
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Harvester age (hours)
Co
st p
er
acre
2-row pull-type
2-row SP
3-row SP
6-row SP
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Total Cost per Acre for Four Forage Harvesters, 10-year life
$47 $54$42 $30
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Acres/year
To
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ost
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2-row pull-type
2-row SP
3-row SP
6-row SP
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Silage Storage Alternatives
• Tower silos
• Bunker silos
• Silage bags
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Tower Silo
• Silage can be 50 to 65% moisture
• Packing of silage due to weight from top
• Various sizes available (50-4000 tons)
• Minimal exposure to weather
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Bunker Silo
• Sizing is very flexible• Silage can be of higher
moisture than tower• Requires more labor to
pack down• Requires plastic and tires
to cover• Increased exposure to
weather
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Silage Bags• Normal size: 150-200 ft. long by 9 ft. diameter
• Minimal amount of labor required
• May wear out tractor more quickly
• Spoilage due to weather or rodents
• Easy to regulate silage removal
• Takes up space
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Summary of Silo Cost Factors
• Structure
• Equipment (tractor and special equipment)
• Labor (How much time and when does action occur)
• Fuel and lubricants
• Plastic
• Dry Matter Loss (direct loss of silage value)
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Tower Bunker Bag
$/T
DM
Structure
Equipment
Labor
Fuel & Lube
Plastic
Dry Matter Loss
Annual cost of storage of 384 tons DM
Source: “Choosing Forage Storage Facilities”, B.J. Holmes, Univ. of Wisconsin
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Annual cost of storage of 3,072 tons DM
Source: “Choosing Forage Storage Facilities”, B.J. Holmes, Univ. of Wisconsin
0
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Tower Bunker Bag
$/T
DM
Structure
Equipment
Labor
Fuel & Lube
Plastic
Dry Matter Loss
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Silage Cost Management Resources
• www.uwex.edu/ces/crops/uwforage/storage– Includes a spreadsheet and documentation to
analyze costs of different storage choices
• www.silo.org/costcomparison.xls– Spreadsheet tool that allows for comparison of
costs of tower, bunker, and bags