ECONOMY OF GREECE• Natural Resources• Manufacturing areas• Land use• Major occupations• The currency

Natural Resources

copper, needed for the manufacture of bronze, is in abundance in Greece. The main center of production has become Euboea Island. In Greece, there is also deposits of iron, but nowhere is high value.

Among the precious metals silver occupies the first place. In the seventh and sixth centuries BC mining center of the island were Tasos and Sifnos. Income derived from these mines spent on treasury at Delphi.

Even more precious than silver because of the role played in the art of Greek was clay serves not only for making bricks, but primarily for the production of ceramics, in which Greece has achieved a high level of artistry.

Rocks of which created many buildings in Greece were plenty of in the vicinity. Athenian houses were built of hard limestone mined from nearby lands, the houses on Delos built of granite stone sourced directly from the island. Even the construction of temples avoiding transport of the material. In Olympia, the temple of Zeus was built of local limestone.

Manufacturing areasManufacturing accounts for about 14 percent of the Gross domestic product. In 2000 the manufacturing sector increased modestly. During the 1990s, the most important and profitable sectors have been (in order) foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals, and nonmetallic minerals.

Greece is a country where industry is blossoming, and investors have noticed the

potential for significant business opportunity and profit.

Therefore, Greece has attracted both domestic and world

industries, developing into one of the most up-and-coming

industrial countries.

Greece is an abundance of manufacturing and producing companies, many of which specialize in the country's main products and services. Greece is the country with the most sun exposure in Europe, consequently leading to the use of solar power and the development of the Greek solar water heaters market.

Mytilene is the island where Ouzo, the famous drink of Greece, is made, and where the best Ouzo production companies are located.

A Greek industry that has been rapidly growing is the heavy duty stainless-steel kitchen equipment industry, with many distinguished manufacturers that are constantly gaining world-wide acknowledgement for their high product quality.

Greek agriculture is based on small-sized, family-owned dispersed units, while the extent of cooperative organization stays atlow comparative levels. Greece's agricultural sector suffers from a lack of many natural resources. Approximately 70 percentof the land cannot be cultivated because of poor soil or because it is covered by forests.

Agriculture is centered in the plains of Thessaly, Macedonia, and Thrace, where corn, wheat, barley, sugar beets,cotton, and tobacco are harvested.Greece is still a major EU producer of cotton and tobacco.Grapes, melons, tomatoes, peaches, and oranges are also popular EU exports.

In 2010, Greece was the European Union's largest producer of cotton and ranked second in the production of rice andolives , third in the production of figs tomatoes and water melons and fourth in the production of tobacco

Given Greece's vast coastline and its numerous islands, it is natural that a fishing industry exists. Over-fishing has lessenedthe impact of fishing revenues on the economy. Pollution in the Mediterranean has also damaged the industry.

In 2007, Greece accounted for 19% of the EU's fishing haul in the Mediterranean sea, ranked third with 85,493 tons,and ranked first in the number of fishing vessels in the Mediterranean between European Union members.Additionally, the country ranked 11th in the EU in total quantity of fish caught, with 87,461 tons.

Maritime industry

• The shipping industry is a key element of Greek economic activity dating back to ancient times. Today, shipping is one of the country's most important industries. It accounts for 4.5% of GDP, employs about 160,000 people (4% of the workforce), and represents 1/3 of the country's trade deficit.

• During the 1960s, the size of the Greek fleet nearly doubled, primarily through the investment undertaken by the shipping magnates, Aristotle Onassis and Stavros Niarchos. The basis of the modern Greek maritime industry was formed after World War II when Greek shipping businessmen were able to amass surplus ships sold to them by the U.S. government through the Ship Sales Act of the 1940s.

• According to a United Nations Conference on Trade and Development report in 2010, the Greek merchant navy is the largest in the world at 15.96% of the world's total capacity. This is a drop from the equivalent number in 2006, which was 18.2%. The total tonnage of the country's merchant fleet is 186 million dwt, ranked 1st in the world. In terms of total number of ships, the Greek Merchant Navy stands at 4th worldwide, with 3,150 ships (741 of which are registered in Greece whereas the rest 2,409 in other ports). In terms of ship categories, Greece ranks first in both tankers and dry bulk carriers, fourth in the number of containers, and fourth in other ships. However, today's fleet roster is smaller than an all-time high of 5,000 ships in the late 1970s. Additionally, the total number of ships flying a Greek flag (includes non-Greek fleets) is 1,517, or 5.3% of the world's dwt (ranked 5th).

Tourism• An important percentage of Greece's national income comes from tourism. According to Eurostat statistics, Greece welcomed over 19.5 million tourists in 2009, which is an increase from the 17.7 million tourists it welcomed in 2007. The vast majority of visitors in Greece in 2007 came from the European continent, numbering 12.7 million, while the most visitors from a single nationality were those from the United Kingdom, (2.6 million), followed closely by those from Germany (2.3 million). In 2010, the most visited periphery of Greece was that of Central Macedonia, with 18% of the country's total tourist flow (amounting to 3.6 million tourists), followed by Attica with 2.6 million and the Peloponnese with 1.8 million. Northern Greece is the country's most-visited geographical region, with 6.5 million tourists, while Central Greece is second with 6.3 million.

• In 2010, Lonely Planet ranked Greece's northern and second-largest city of Thessaloniki as the world's fifth-best party town worldwide, comparable to other cities such as Dubai and Montreal. In 2011, Santorini was voted as "The World's Best Island" in Travel + Leisure. Its neighboring island Mykonos, came in fifth in the European category.

Transport • Since the 1980s, the road and rail network of Greece has been significantly modernized. Important works include the Egnatia Odos that connects northwestern Greece (Igoumenitsa) with northern and northeastern Greece (Kipoi). The Rio–Antirrio bridge, the longest suspension cable bridge in Europe, (2250 m or 7382 ft long) connects the western Peloponnese from Rio(7 km or 4 mi from Patras) with Antirrio in Central Greece.

• The Rio-Antirio bridge near the city of Patras is the longest cable-stayed bridge in Europe and second in the world.

• The Athens Metropolitan Area includes state of the art infrastructure such as the Athens International Airport, the privately run motorway Attiki Odos and the expanded Athens Metro system. Most of the Greek islands and many main cities of Greece are connected by air mainly from the two major Greek airlines, Olympic Air and Aegean Airlines. Maritime connections have been improved with modern high-speed craft, including hydrofoils and catamarans.

• Railway connections play a somewhat lesser role than in many other European countries, but they too have also been expanded, with new suburban/commuter rail connections, serviced by Proastiakos around Athens, towards its airport, Kiato and Chalkida; and around Thessaloniki, towards the cities of Larissa and Edessa. A modern intercity rail connection between Athens and Thessaloniki has also been established, while an upgrade to double lines in many parts of the 2,500 km (1,600 mi) network is underway. International railway lines connect Greek cities with the rest of Europe, the Balkans and Turkey, although as of 2011 they have been suspended, due to the financial crisis.

Science and technology

• The General Secretariat for Research and Technology of the Ministry of Development is responsible for designing, implementing and supervising national research and technological policy.ill In 2003, public spending on research and development (R&D) was 456.37 mion euros (12.6% increase from 2002). R&D spending in Greece remained lower than the EU average of 1.93%, but, according to Research DC, based on OECD and Eurostat data, between 1990 and 1998, total R&D expenditure in Greece enjoyed the third-highest increase in Europe, after Finland and Ireland. Because of its strategic location, qualified workforce and political and economic stability, many multinational companies such as Ericsson, Siemens, Motorola and Coca-Cola have their regional research and development headquarters in Greece.

• Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park.Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2005. Cooperation between ESA and the Hellenic National Space Committee began in the early 1990s. In 1994, Greece and ESA signed their first cooperation agreement. Having formally applied for full membership in 2003, Greece became the ESA's sixteenth member on 16 March 2005. As member of the ESA, Greece participates in the agency's telecommunication and technology activities, and the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Initiative.

Currency in ancient Greece Before 600 B.C. there was no any currency. So at first in ancient Greece there was the trade system. About one hundred years later each city - state has own coins. In Athens there was Drachma. 1/100 part of drachma was lepta.

First currency in modern Greece

First official currency in modern Greece was phoenix. It was introduced by governor Joanis Kapodistrias in 1828. The name of this currency come from legendary bird, the pheonix, which is reborn from ashes the same as Greece.

In January 2002 Greece, which is already in the European Union changed currency for Euro. Greek Euro is different than other Euros. On the banknotes there are word "euro" in greek language. In most country, where is Euro there are also Euro cents but Greece is exception, and 1 euro included 100 lepta the same like in previous currency.

Presentation made by:• Piotr Kowalczyk• Filip Laskowski• Mateusz Debrzak• Mateusz Kasprzyk• Paweł Gawlas

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