Define Token Economy Understand steps/components of the

methodIdentify Advantages and Disadvantages of

Token EconomyDescribe 3 studies that supports the

effectiveness of the method

It is a system of exchange in which the individual earns tokens, as reinforces and exchanges them for tangible and social reinforces

Token Program involves distribution of tokens

Tokens can be stickers, stars, smiley face, fake money, etc.

Tokens can be accumulated throughout the day and exchanged at a later time

Tokens are flexibleTokens can be used for several needsThere is no delay giving tokens after the

desired behavior has been shownIt does not matter who gives the tokensIt can be consistently applied by multiple

teachers in multiple settingsPrevent Boredom

Takes a lot of preparation and tracking of the behavior, tokens, and rewards.

Not everyone will respond to token system.

Once the system is implemented in one class, it may not followed through

Parental follow through does not always occur

Can lead to dependency

Maybe easily abusedCan be expensiveRequire organization

and structure

11 Basic Rules when establishing Token Economy

Select the Target Behavior

Present the target behavior

Post the Rules and Review it frequently

Select a token Establish Reinforcers

which the tokens can be exchanged

Develop a reward menu

Implement the token economy

Provide immediate reinforcement for acceptable behavior

Gradually change from continuous to variable schedule of reinforcers

Provide Time for child to exchange token

Revise the reward menu frequently.

The token system has been the most widely researched and validated behavioral intervention in the schools. A token is given when a desired behavior is displayed.

(According to McLaughlin & Williams (1988), Swain & McLaughlin (1998)

Purpose of this investigation was to determine if a token reinforcement program could decrease three inappropriate behaviors (out of seat, talking out, and poor posture) of an elementary student with learning disabilities.

The effects of the token program were examined using a multiple baseline design across behaviors. The results indicated that awarding tokens for the absence of the three target behaviors was an effective procedure.

Study investigated the effect of social and token economy reinforcements on academic achievement of ten, 9th grade boys with Intellectual disabilities in three junior high school.

Age range from 13-17 and their IQ was between 60-70 were randomly selected. Each assigned in one of the three groups: Token Economy, Social reinforcements and control group.

Used a teacher-made test and the Wechsler Intelligence test

Token Economy and social reinforcements increase the academic achievement of students with ID.

Results:Token economy and social reinforcements

increased the academic achievement of student with ID

Token economy reinforcements even resulted in an increase in academic achievement than the social reinforcements

A study examined the effectiveness of a combined token economy and self-monitoring package for a 13 year-old male displaying a major mental illness and severe aggressive and persistent disruptive behavior.

Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder and Conduct Disorder

The student received points for lower rates of aggressive/disruptive behavior and ‘bonus’ points for accurately self-monitoring and recording his own behaviors.

Results:

The results replicated previous research on the effectiveness of token economy in reducing minor, disruptive and aggressive classroom behaviors.

Retrieved on 7/12/12 from http://educ6725group2.wikispaces.com/file/view/Token+Economy+Plus+Self-Monitoring+to+Reduce+Disruptive+Classroom+Behaviors.pdf

VideoABA – Token Economy Example

Activity Reward!!!

SummaryToken economy involves distribution of tokens

which can be accumulated and exchanged for a reward.

Research Bases data has shown Token Economy is an effective method in decreasing undesirable behaviors.

The Token Cycle is a four step process: Identifying the undesirable behavior, the child displays the desirable behavior and is given a token.

Establish a plan, preparing, and executing is crucial for a successful plan for the child.

Walker, J.E. Shea, T.M. & Bauer A.M. (2007). Behavior Management: A practical approach for educators (9th ed.). Columbus, OH: Pearson

Case 1 (According to McLaughlin & Williams (1988), Swain & McLaughlin

(1998) Case 2

Mirzamani, Ashoori, Sereshki (2011)Retrieved on 7/12/12 fromhttp://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/109520110105

Case 3 Retrieved on 7/12/12 from

http://educ6725group2.wikispaces.com/file/view/Token+Economy+Plus+Self-Monitoring+to+Reduce+Disruptive+Classroom+Behaviors.pdf

YouTube. Retrieved on July 11, 2012 from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybIr6NCfA2U