editorial board - issi-society.orgissi-society.org/media/1180/newsletter03.pdf · “now the bells...

1

© 2005, International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics (ISSI)© 2005, International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics (ISSI)

1

CONTENTS

Editorial (W. Glänzel) ...................... 1

ISSI 2005 Conferencein Stockholm (O. Persson) ....... 2

President’s Report (H. Small) ........ 4

Doctoral Forum Report(B. Larsen & R. Danell) ................. 6

News, Short Reports ............... 7

The Matthew Effect forCountries (M. Bonitz) ............... 8

Editorial BoardEditor in chief:

Wolfgang GlänzelEditors:

Aparna BasuRonald RousseauLiwen Vaughan

Technical Editor:Balázs Schlemmer

Published By:ISSI

This year our communityhas celebrated its 10th

biannual internationalscientific meeting. It istrue that the first con-ferences were not yetorganised under theauspices of the Societysince it was not until1993 that the pro-

gramme committee of the 4th InternationalConference on Bibliometrics, Informetrics andScientometrics in Berlin decided to found theInternational Society for Scientometrics andInformetrics (ISSI). Since then we have organisedconferences almost all over the world, in Northand Middle America, in the Near and Far East,in Australia and this year the conferencereturned to Europe. And we have big plans forthe future, too:

The subsequent meetings will take place inSpain (2007) and in Brazil (2009). But for themoment let us come back to today’s reality.

The present number of our Newsletter isdevoted to the 2005 Conference held inStockholm (Sweden) this summer. Reports onthe meeting and its highlights are supplementedby interesting news and a special feature onMatthew citations.Enjoy.

Wolfgang GlänzelISSI Secretary-Treasurer

EDITORIAL

2


2

ISSI 2005 CONFERENCE IN STOCKHOLM

“Now the bells of Santa Katrina chimed seven and were echoed by Santa Maria’s reedytreble, the Abbey and the German Church joined in with their basses, and soon thewhole air vibrated with the city’s seven bells. And as, one after the other, they fellsilent, the last one could still be heard in the distance, singing its peaceful evensong.This had a higher note, a purer ring and a swifter tempo than the others – yes, indeedit had. He listened, trying to make out where the sound came from, for it seemed towake some memory… The Klara bell stopped and he was jerked from his thoughts bythe sound of a footstep on the gravel path.”

August Strindberg, The Red Room, 1879(transl. by Elizabeth Sprigge, 1967)

Figure 1 Conference participants by gender and country

Those of you who at-tended ISSI 2005 inStockholm might recallSanta Klara church justacross the street fromthe conference hotels,Continental and Ter-mius. However, thechurch was being reno-vated and hard to see

behind the blue curtains. The bells didn’t ring.But, the Swedish author August Strindberg didlisten to them 125 years ago and thought they“had a higher note, a purer ring and swiftertempo than the others”.

The bells of ISSI 2005 started to ring alreadyin Beijing 2003, and were apparently heard allover the world, since 66 female and 121 malescholars of our field came from 33 countries andfive continents, representing a wide range ofcompetence and research interests (See Fig. 1).Amongst us we had doctoral students, postdocs, senior researchers as well as the foundingfathers of the field. We couldn’t have hoped formore!

Bus 47 took us to the Karolinska institute werewe could to listen to a large number of highnote papers in a swift tempo, all purified underthe critical eyes of the program chair and hiscommittee. In total, the conference received 190submissions for reviewing, 75 papers were ac-cepted for oral presentations and another 37 asposters.

The doctoral forum, nicely arranged by BirgerLarsen and Rickard Danell, appeared to havebeen inspiring for doctoral students as well asfor the well known scholars who commentedupon their research plans. A pre-conferenceevent of this kind could be warmly recom-mended for future meetings.

The social events were very popular. The con-ference dinner with the Price award ceremonyaboard S/S Stockholm was attended by 190persons, and the welcome reception the daybefore the conference start by 150. The walk

3


3

about in Old city had 103 participants. We seemto join together like a big family!Organizing this conference was a delight rightfrom the very start, and is the result of Danish-Swedish collaboration. The Danes, PeterIngwersen and Birger Larsen, were responsiblefor organizing the paper review process and forediting the proceedings. The programme com-mittee has done a great job reviewing all thesubmissions. And last, but not least, we wish tothank all authors of submitted papers for theirhard work.

We must not forget Balazs Schlemmer whodesigned the proceedings cover and theKarolinska University press for printing the pro-ceedings. In addition, Balazs made a Strindberg-walk during the ISSI days, and some picturesfrom it can be seen at the ISSI website(http://www.issi-society.info/stockholmpix/album/).

We the Swedes, Irene Wormell and I, focussedon financing and practicalities. We are greatlythankful to our sponsors: The Swedish ResearchCouncil, Vinnova, Thomson ISI, Scopus andGarfield foundation. We are also very gratefulto Karolinska institute for hosting us and to PerOlsson and his sympathetic staff of the Libraryof Karolinska. Mrs Eva Ljungqvist from SKDEuroconf has been with us from the very startand we are happy for her competent manage-ment of thousands of small details.

I hope you enjoyed Stockholm and I’m look-ing forward to meet you again at ISSI 2007 inMadrid!

Olle PerssonGeneral conference chair

© Nick Kim (Nearing Zero). Reproduced with the permission of the author.

http://www.issi-society.info/stockholmpix/album/

4


4

PRESIDENT’S REPORT

The following represents the substance of my report to the ISSI Board andsome of the results of our recently held Board meeting following the Stock-holm meeting. First, I want to thank all the Board members for their contri-butions to ISSI over the last two years, and particularly Wolfgang Glanzel,Secretary-Treasurer of ISSI, for his continuing efforts on behalf of the society.I think the state of the society is good, although there is much work to bedone to increase our membership and improve our financial foundation.There is a growing awareness of the importance of scientometrics andinformetrics, the unique contribution that ISSI can make, and our memberscontinue to innovate and move the field into the 21st century.

1. Annual MeetingOur 10th Annual meeting in Stockholm was, byall accounts very successful and noteworthy ina number of ways. The setting at the KarolinskaInstitute proved ideal, and the combined boattrip/awards ceremony was a highlight. Manythanks to our conferencechairs Olle Persson and IreneWormell. It was the first timewe used electronic peer re-view of the full texts of confe-rence papers. The quality ofpapers was, as a result, con-siderably improved. We hadroughly a 50% rejection rate.The two conference pro-ceedings volumes came outon time, and represent a ma-jor contribution to the field.Thanks to our program chairsPeter Ingwersen and EdNoyons. Also, for the firsttime we held a Doctoral Fo-rum with presentations from12 doctoral students. This Forum was capablyorganized by Birger Larsen and Rickard Danell.

We were very fortunate in our 10th biennialmeeting in Stockholm to obtain substantial levelsof support for the meeting. Much of the creditfor this goes to our conference chairs, who ma-naged to obtain large grants from local organi-zations in Sweden. On the corporate side, wewere able to obtain grants from both ThomsonScientific and Elsevier (under the Scopus banner).For the first time we were able to offer a doctoral

scholarship funded by the Eugene GarfieldFoundation. The competition was electronicallyreviewed through the same system used for re-viewing conference papers. For our next meet-ing I would like to expand sponsorships to in-clude other companies and organizations in the

publishing, database, patent,and internet fields. Please letme know if you have specificsuggestions on organiza-tions we might approach.

Regarding upcomingmeetings, we had previouslyaccepted the bid of CINDOCto host the 11th biennial ISSIconference in Madrid, Spain.This 2007 conference will beorganized by Isabel Gomezand Maria Bordons. In theclosing session of the Stock-holm meeting we enjoyed anexcellent slide presentation byIsabel Gomez previewing thesights of Madrid. Also I am

pleased to report that at its recent meeting theBoard formally accepted the bid of BIREME tohost the 2009 conference in Sao Paulo, Brazil.This conference will be organized under thedirection of Abel Packer.2. Linkage with other SocietiesSome initial strides have been made to createlinks with other societies. In 2004 we held ourfirst joint technical panel at the annual meetingof the American Society for Information Scienceand Technology in Providence, Rhode Island.

On the occasion of the 10th

International Conference onInformetrics and Scientometrics

(Stockholm, Sweden), an official Boardmeeting of the Society took place on

27 July 2005. The most importantdecisions made by the Board:

Individual and institutionalmembership fee changed (details athttp://www.issi-society.info/membership.html)

•11th ISSI Conference 2007 in Madrid

(Spain) 2007 confirmed•

Application for the ISSI Conference2009 in Brazil accepted

•Following elections of the ISSI Board to

be held on the Web

http://www.issi-society.info/membership.html

5


5

The sessions were jointly sponsored by ISSI andSIG Metrics of ASIST, and organized by Mari Davison the topic of scientific collaboration. Ten paperswere presented in two sessions. Attendeesthought the event was successful, and the pre-sentations were well attended. Subsequent dis-cussions with ASIST officials indicate a willingnessto hold future joint sessions and also possiblygrant ISSI the status of an affiliated society, pen-ding approval by the ASIST board.

I have also made contact with the 4S societyto explore the possibility of a joint session at theirannual meeting, or other joint initiatives. I sub-mitted a proposal for a joint ISSI/4S session oninformation visualization to be held at their meet-ing this fall in Pasadena, California. Due to thelateness of my application, I was unable to openup contributions to the full ISSI membership. Ne-vertheless a panel has been assembled consistingof three ISSI members, and if accepted this willbe the first ever joint ISSI/4S session.

Contact was also made with the History of Sci-ence Society and the International Network forSocial Network Analysis. Both agreed to list ourconference on their web sites. In the contacts withall these groups, there seemed to be an interestin ISSI, perhaps because there was relatively littleby way of scientometrics or informetrics at theirmeetings, and we could offer a unique per-spective.3. MembershipOur membership remains small, perhaps around100 members following the Stockholm meeting.This is in contrast to the roughly 200 people whoregistered for the meeting. The Board recognizesthe need to promote ISSI membership thoughpublicizing its membership benefits. Obviously,the biggest single incentive for membershipwould be a subscription to a society journal.Currently ISSI members can obtain a specialannual subscription rate of $100 to the journalScientometrics made available by the publisherSpringer. At its recent meeting the ISSI Boarddiscussed the possibility of associating withScientometrics, including the DeSolla-PriceAwarding, as the society journal with its Editor-in-chief, Tibor Braun.4. Publications and CommunicationsMeanwhile, an important new development isthe publication of initial issues of an electronicnewsletter edited by Wolfgang Glanzel, Ronald

Rousseau, Balazs Schlemmer, and others. This isreleased quarterly, and is accessible via apassword by members only through the ISSI web-site. This is a new member benefit and shouldbecome an attractive new means of communi-cating short research notes and news items.

The society web site (http://www.issi-society.info)is now being maintained at KU Leuven under thedirection of Wolfgang Glänzel with the assistanceof Balazs Schlemmer, building on an initiative ofMari Davis. Another possible member benefit dis-cussed at the Board meeting is to create anexpertise database, or Yellow Pages, accessibleto ISSI members. This database would containprofessional competency and contact informa-tion for members electing to participate andsubmit profiles. Such a database might entice newcorporate or government members who areseeking local experts in the field as well as allow-ing individual members to publicize their expertiseand research interests. Another idea that was dis-cussed was to make all conference papers avail-able through the ISSI web site.5. Bibliometric test databaseI am pleased to announce that Thomson Scien-tific (formerly ISI), has agreed to provide a samplebibliometric database for use by ISSI members.The purpose of this database is to allow membersto test and illustrate various scientometric and in-formetric ideas on real data, and perhaps serveas a tutorial for new members. The exact con-tent, format, and mode of distribution of this da-taset are still in the planning phase and I wouldappreciate your input. One possibility is to providea multi-year dataset for the journal Scientometrics.This file will be offered as a download from theISSI web site.6. New ElectionsIn the coming year we will be organizing a newround of elections for officers and boardmembers. It was decided at the Board meetingthat four of the current Board members willcontinue to occupy office beyond their four yearterms in order to provide continuity. Four newBoard members and a new president will beelected for four-year terms starting in 2007. Wewill hopefully be able to use our web site with itsprovision for member password access toconduct these new elections.

Henry Small,August 8, 2005

http://www.issi-society.info/

6


6‘‘

ISSI 2005 DOCTORAL FORUM REPORT

by

Birger Larsen1 and Rickard Danell2

Doctoral Forum chairs

1 Department of Information Studies, Royal School of Library and Information Science,Birketinget 6, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark ([email protected])

2 Inforsk, Department of Sociology, Umeå University,SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden ([email protected])

For most delegates at the ISSI 2005 conferencein Stockholm the event began in a leisurelymanner with the Welcome Reception on Sundayevening as the first part of the programme. Asmall group of PhD students and seniorresearchers had, however, already done a fullday’s conference work as participants of the ISSI2005 Doctoral Forum.

The Doctoral Forum was the first its kind tobe held at an ISSI conference. The purpose ofthe Forum was to provide doctoral students inthe field with an environ-ment in which to discusstheir research projectswith senior researchersand other doctoral stu-dents. An important mo-tivation in the establish-ment of the Forum wasto facilitate the inter-action between studentsand experienced re-searchers in the field, inparticular for those stu-dents who rarely get achance to do so. This isespecially important in arelatively small field such as ours where theresearch groups are small and scattered aroundthe world, and doctoral students rarely have achance to interact with experienced researchersin the field. In addition, the Forum was anopportunity for the doctoral students to set upcontacts with other students at the same stageas themselves. Indeed, the Doctoral Forum was

Participating in the ISSI 2005 Doctoral Forum wasa timely and unique opportunity to discuss myresearch project with experts in scientometrics. Asthese researchers are expected to be unbiased,for they are not involved in our research, theircontribution may be quite relevant. In my case, Igot constructive feedback especially on thequalitative aspects of my research and, as I am atthe beginning of my PhD, the forum was a realboost for my project! My advisors and I are nowworking on a short publication, which, I believe,can be considered one of the outcomes of thisforum. I’m certainly biased to say that, but the ISSI2005 Doctoral Forum was “the icing on the cake”!

Sonia Maria Ramos VasconcelosDoctoral student

Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

deliberately placed before the main conferenceprogram in order to encourage interactionamongst students themselves and betweenstudents and senior researchers during the restof the conference.

The doctoral students applied with four-pagepapers describing their doctoral research projectand their motivation for participating in theForum. A total of 15 applications were submitted,of which 12 were accepted and presented tothe senior researchers. Brief abstracts of the

papers can be seen involume 2 of the confe-rence proceedings (p.721-725). The partici-pating students camefrom six different coun-tries, and represent abroad range of perspec-tives on the field. Basedon the papers and pre-sentations at the Forumsix senior researchers, ex-perienced in differentsubfields of Scientomet-rics and Informetrics,gave feedback to the

students and discussed their projects with them.The participants were split into two groups, al-lowing each student up to 20 minutes for pre-sentation and 25 minutes for discussion.

Our overall impression is that the DoctoralForum was a success: it hade both intellectualand social benefits. Besides the benefit ofreceiving comments and creative suggestions

7


7

from prominent experts in the field, the doctoralstudent’s hade the opportunity to get to knoweach other and the experts before theconference started. We can, based on ourexperience with organizing and participating inthe Doctoral Forum, conclude that DoctoralForum is an excellent way of attracting newtalent to the conference. It is our impression thatseveral of the doctoral students were drawn intothe ISSI conference via the Doctoral Forum. Sinceorganizers, experts and doctoral studentsthought that the Doctoral Forum was a positiveexperience, we hope that it will become apermanent feature at the ISSI conferences.We wish to thank the Programme andConference Chairs for inviting us to organise adoctoral forum at ISSI 2005, and to thank Dr.Pia Borlund for valuable advice on the runningof doctoral fora. It is our hope that the Forum

will become a permanent part of the biannualISSI conferences, and that it can contribute tothe development of new researchers in the fieldand thus to the continued growth of theinternational community of Scientometric andInformetric researchers.

Finally, as chairs, we would like to express oursincere thanks to the senior researchers for theirefforts involved in participating in the Forum.They were:

Judit Bar-Ilan, Bar-Ilan University, IsraelKatherine McCain, Drexel University College of

Information Science & Technology, USABluma Peritz, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

Ronald Rousseau, Catholic School for Higher EducationBruges-Ostend (KHBO), Belgium

Henry Small, Thomson Scientific, USAMike Thelwall, University of Wolverhampton, UK

NEWS, SHORT REPORTSedited by Aparna Basu, (based on report by Hildrun Kretschmer)

& Ronald Rousseau

COLLNET- extra SessionAn extra session on COLLNET was held in conjunction with the 10th International Conference of theInternational Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics (ISSI), Stockholm, Sweden, July 24-28, 2005.COLLNET is the collaborative network of scientists and scientometricians working on aspects of collaboration(http://www.collnet.de). The most recent ISSI conferences took place in Colima, Mexico (1999), Sydney (2001),and Beijing (2003). Since Sydney, 2001, COLLNET – extra Sessions are part of the biennial InternationalISSI Conferences. About 45 scientists participated in the session with 12 presentations from 12 countries (9oral presentations and 3 posters from Belgium, China, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, India, Iran, TheNetherlands, UK, USA and Mexico.) The 7th COLLNET meeting will be held in May 2006 in Nancy, France.

Journal of Information Management and ScientometricsA new journal, Journal of Information Management and Scientometrics was introducedby Hildrun Kretschmer at the extra session on COLLNET during the ISSI Conference atStockholm. This journal is an international peer reviewed journal (ISSN 0 972-9925) publishedfrom Roorkee, India, and incorporates the COLLNET Journal. Proceedings of COLLNETmeetings are published in special issues of this journal. Papers presented at the 5th COLLNETMeeting in Roorkee, India, March 2005, are published in the December 2004 issue. Thisissue is dedicated to Donald deB. Beaver. Papers presented at the Stockholm COLLNETextra Session will be published in the December 2005 issue. Authors are welcomed tosubmit papers to the journal.

CALL FOR PAPERS:2006 Annual Conference of Canadian Association for Information Science (CAIS/ACSI)June 1 - 3, 2006, York University, Toronto. More info: http://www.cais-acsi.ca/2006call.htm

http://www.collnet.de/

http://www.cais-acsi.ca/2006call.htm

8


8

The Matthew Effect for Countries (MEC):Its Impact on Information Science

Revised version of a paper presented at the VINITI-ICSTI-ConferenceInformation services for basic and applied sciences,

May 27, 2005, Moscow

Manfred BonitzDr. rer. nat. habil.

Halbkreisstr. 17, Dresden/GermanyPhone: +49 351 4010760

E-Mail: [email protected]

How came the Matthew effect into being, whatis its essence, and why is it important in our days?

The term Matthew effect was coined abouthalf a century ago by the American sociologistof science, the late Robert King Merton, whoused the famous biblical parable of the entrustedtalents as a metaphor for some socialphenomena in science. The parable contains thissentence: “For unto everyone that hath shall begiven, and he shall have abundance: but fromhim that has not shall be taken away even thatwhich he has” [ST. MATTHEW 25:29]. A wide-spread misunderstanding of the parable’sessence is that quasi-automatically “the rich are

getting richer and the poor poorer”. Rather,“richness” and “poorness” depend, in its mostgeneral form, on skill and activity of the “players”involved in the corresponding field.

Merton (1968) did not make scientometricefforts to back the effect.

Ten years ago, a quarter of a century afterMerton, we (Bonitz, 1997, Bonitz et al., 1997)discovered the Matthew effect as a measurablephenomenon in information science. We calledit Matthew effect for countries because ourempirical data covered the 45 most activescientific countries. Only later we were able tounderstand that the effect has more general

Source: © Albert Hari and Charles Singer: Das Grosse Jesus Buch, 1993, Stuttgart: Christliches Verlagshaus. Reproduced with the permission of the publishing house.

9


9

features and could easily be named Mattheweffect in scientific communication because it isnot restricted to countries, but valid for scientificpapers, authors, and institutions as well.

What have we measured and which were theresults? We made, for every country, a compari-son of the number of citations which were ex-pected and which were actually received (ob-served). We found, that “a minority of countries,which is expecting already a high number of ci-tations, is receiving even more citations, whilethe majority of countries, which is expecting alower number of citations, is getting even lesscitations”. This is the Matthew effect for countries.

The figure shows that, after some transforma-tion of the data into a suitable index all countriescan be ranked, as we might say, by the effectiveusage of their scientific talents.

The effect does not necessarily depend on thephysical size of the countries – all Scandinaviancountries and Switzerland are playing asignificant role in the game.

An effect is not yet a theory explaining thateffect. Therefore the managers of nationalscience systems have a lot to think over theconsequences emerging from the Mattheweffect for countries.

A few words about effects in general. Thereare hundreds of them in the basic sciences, butthey occur very seldom explicitly in the socialsciences, to which information science belongs.

Yet a simple rule is uniting them all: any effect isnecessarily based on some expectation whichby observation (or measurement) can be fulfilledor not.

In our case the expectation values for eachcountry are derived from the impact factors ofthe journals in which the nations publish theirpapers hoping them to be cited as frequently aspossible. Each impact factor constitutes anexpectation value: it gives the number of cita-tions received by an average paper in thatjournal. This follows from the construction of theimpact factor. Unfortunately – and every scientificauthor knows that – average papers practicallydo not exist. For example, an author who haspublished two papers in a journal with theimpact factor 5.7 might receive for the first paper9 citations, for the second only one citation. Inthe first case he registers a “deviation of + 3.3citations”, in the second case a “deviation of –4.7 citations”. These “deviations from the impactfactor” we call Matthew citations.

To our surprise the Matthew citations openeda new research front which is not exhausted upto our days (e.g., Bonitz, 2002).

Irrespective of certain strange properties ofthe Matthew citations (they do not exist in reality– they are just computational, they can bepositive and negative – but they add up to zero,they are not integer numbers and so on) theseMatthew citations turned out to play a mostindependent role in numerous areas of thesystem of scientific communication. Only a fewof them can be named here.

Every scientific journal possesses itscharacteristic number of Matthew citations. Thisindicator is very skewly distributed over thejournals: half of all Matthew citations containedin about 3000 journals which we investigatedare concentrated in only about 150 journals.These journals we call Matthew core journalsand we have produced an atlas of them. Quitesurprisingly, the Matthew core journals appearto be the most important journals in scientificcommunication, topped by SCIENCE andNATURE.

Due to their additivity, Matthew citations dopossess a useful evaluation potential, not only forcountries – where it all began – but also for pa-pers, authors, and institutions, in other words at

10


10

all levels of aggregation in scientific communication.Last but not least: through the Matthewcitations in journals and their distribution overcountries we could establish a link to a sciencefield outside information science, namely toeconomics. Competition, although in verydistinct ways, is an essential feature in the sciencesystems as well as in economy. Scientific journalscan be treated as “markets” where competitionin science is going on. There exists even ameasure for the competition strength in ajournal, it is – its number of Matthew citations!Neither is the field fully experimentally andtheoretically explored, nor even recognized.Further research in these directions would be agood sign of gratefulness to our Biblicalforerunners, but also to the father of Matthewthinking in our days – Robert Merton.

References

Bonitz, M., Bruckner, E. & Scharnhorst, A.(1997). Characteristics and impact of theMatthew effect for countries.Scientometrics, 40, 407-422.

Bonitz, M. (1997). The scientific talents ofnations or science and the kingdom ofheaven. Bibliometric Matthew effect forcountries versus biblical gospel parable ofthe entrusted talents. Libri, 47, 206-213.

Bonitz, M. (2002). Ranking of nations andheightened competition in Matthew corejournals: two faces of the Matthew effectfor countries. Library trends, 50, 440-460.

Merton, R.K. (1968). The Matthew effect inscience. Science, 159(3810):56-63.

ISSI Newsletter is published by ISSI ( http://www.issi-society.info/ ). Contributors to the newsletter should contact the editorial board by email.Wolfgang Glänzel: [email protected] | Ronald Rousseau: [email protected] | Liwen Vaughan: [email protected]

Aparna Basu: [email protected] | Balázs Schlemmer: [email protected] contributions are moderated by the board. Guidelines for contributors can be found at: http://www.issi-society.info/editorial.htmlOpinions expressed by contributors to the Newsletter do not necessarily reflect the official position of ISSI. Although all published material is

expected to conform to ethical standards, no responsibility is assumed by ISSI and the Editorial Board for any injury and/or damage to personsor property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas

contained in the material therein.

© Nick Kim (Nearing Zero). Reproduced with the permission of the author.

http://www.issi-society.info/editorial.html

http://www.issi-society.info/

editorial board - issi-society.orgissi-society.org/media/1180/newsletter03.pdf · “now the bells...

Documents