EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA, THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM,CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT DIVISIONMINISTRY OF EDUCATION

EDU555Curriculum and Instruction

Encik Muhamad Furkan Mat Salleh

Overview1) Education System in Malaysia

2) National Education Philosophy (NEP)

3) Goals of Education

4) CDD – Roles and Functions

5) Curriculum Conceptual Framework, School System and Curricular Emphasis

6) Pre-school to Secondary School Curriculum

7) Aspects taught across the curriculum

8) Science Curriculum for Secondary and Primary Schools

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA

Education in Malaysia• The education system in Malaysia is centralized and top-

down• Overseen by the Ministry of Education (MoE).

• Each state and federal territory has an Education Department to co-ordinate educational matters.

• The main legislation governing education is the Education Act of 1996.

• The Malaysian government provides free education for primary and secondary level

11 years for each student

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

STATE EDUCATIONDEPARTMENT

SCHOOL

DISTRICT EDUCATIONOFFICE

STATE EDUCATION DIRECTORPrimary SchoolSecondary School

DISTRICT EDUCATION OFFICERPrimary SchoolSecondary School

PRINCIPAL, HEADMASTER, SENIOR ASSISTANTS,HEAD OF PANEL,TeachersStudents

MINISTER OF EDUCATIONCentralized, top-down systemStandardized curriculum prepared by CDD

Primary Education• Primary Education is compulsory in Malaysia

Multilingual public schools Private schools Home education / Homeschooling

• Children enter primary schools at age 7 for a period of 6 years

• There are 2 different types of government-run primary schools:

National schools normal government schools National type schools vernacular schools which have either

Chinese or Tamil as the main language for instruction

Secondary Education• Secondary Education is divided into the following phases:

• Transitional Class• Only for national-type primary school students who have failed Malay

Language subject in UPSR

• Lower Secondary• First 3 years (Form 1 to 3)• General education

• Upper Secondary• Following 2 years (Form 4 and 5)• Either the arts or the science stream according to personal choice and

teacher advice

Secondary Education• Secondary schools are subdivided into 3 types:

National schools National type schools Religious schools

• Other types of government or government-aided secondary schools:

Religious Secondary School (Sekolah Menengah Agama) Technical Schools (Sekolah Menengah Teknik) Fully Residential Schools (Sekolah Berasrama Penuh) MARA Junior Science College (Maktab Rendah Sains MARA)

Secondary Education• The Cluster School of Excellence

• a merit system implemented in Malaysia • granted to High Achieving Schools • given wider autonomy in administration • extra allocation for advancement of specific fields like academics,

sports and extra-curricular activities.

• Admissions are very selective • reserved for students who demonstrate outstanding academic

achievement and potential at the primary level.

• These schools are either full-time day or boarding schools.

Post Secondary Education• Students from public secondary school would have

choices of: Studying Form 6 for STPM The matriculation

• Some universities also offer foundation and diploma program for post-secondary students

Tertiary Education• Currently, the number of tertiary institutions in Malaysia

are as follow: 37 private universities 20 private university colleges 7 foreign university branch campuses 414 private colleges

NATIONAL EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY

“Education in Malaysia is an ongoing effort towards further developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and

integrated manner so as to produce individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally, physically

balanced and harmonious, based on a firm belief in and devotion to God. Such an effort is design to produce

Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable and competent, who possess high moral standards, and who are

responsible and capable of achieving a high level of personal well-being as well as being able to contribute to

the betterment of the family, the society and the nation at large”

GOALS OF EDUCATION

1. To Achieve National Unity.

2. To Produce Quality Manpower for National Development.

3. To Achieve Democratization of Education.

4. To Inculcate Positive Values.

CDD - VISION

QUALITY SCHOOL CURRICULUM FOR WORLD CLASS EDUCATION

CDD - MISSION

To develop an integrated school curriculum for the holistic

development of the individuals’ full potential to fulfil the aspirations of the

nation.

CDD - AIMS

The development of the school curriculum towards increasing the

quality of education in-line with the National Philosophy of Education

CDD - ROLES AND FUNCTIONS

1. Design and develop the school curriculum2. Disseminate and implement curriculum3. Monitor curriculum implementation4. Prepare curriculum support materials5. Conduct research for the development

and evaluation of curriculum

THE NATIONAL CURICULUM IN THE 1996 EDUCATION ACT

“... an educational programme that includes curriculum and co-curricular activities which

encompasses all the knowledge, skills, norms, values, cultural elements and beliefs to help

develop a pupil fully with respect to the physical, spiritual, mental and emotional desirable moral

values and to transmit knowledge”

Educational Act 1996[Education (National Curriculum) Regulation 1997]

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE

NEEDS ANALYSIS

PLANNING

DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT

PILOT STUDY/LIMITED

IMPLEMENTATION

CURRICULUM DISSEMINATION AND TRAINING

DISSEMINATION & IMPLEMENTATION

EVALUATION & SUPERVISION

Implementation & monitoring

AIMS OF EDUCATION

CORE OF CURRICLUM DEVELOPMENT

- National Philosophy of Education

- National Education Policy

- Vision 2020

- National Long Term Plan

- New Economic Model

- Current World Trends

- Learning Theories

- 4 Pillars of Education (UNESCO)

A learner who is intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically balanced-Knowledgeable-Towering personality-Believe in God-Confident

Global Player-Competitive-Resilient-Able to communicate in English/International Language-Self Dignity

Responsible Citizens-Courteous-United-Patriotic-Fair-loving-Serve the country

Knowledge Worker-Innovative-Creative -Thirst for knowledge-Master ICT Skills-”Creator of Technology”-Life-long learning

CURRICULUM CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

CONSIDERATIONS

•NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT•Economy•Unity•Information Technology•Science and Technology•Socio-Culture

•INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT•Human Capital Development•Development of a Malaysian citizen

•LEARNING THEORY•Multiple Intelligences•Emotional Intelligence

•NATIONAL EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY•Education is an on-going process•Holistic and integrated development of an individual (intellect, spiritual, emotional and physical)

•4 PILLARS OF EDUCATION (UNESCO)•Learning to know•Learning to do•Learning to be•Learning to live together

PRESCHOOL, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL

CURRICULUM

•SUBJECTS•Compulsory•Core•Additional •Elective

•SPECIAL PROGRAMMES•Patriotism•Environmental Education•Reproductive and Social Education

•Preventive Education on Drug Addiction

•Computer in Education•Special Programme for the Indigenous People

CLASSROOM PRACTICES

•TEACHING & LEARNING STRATEGIES (STUDENT-CENTERED)•Enquiry•Integration of discipline•Integration of knowledge and practice

•Enrichment and intervention•Critical and creative thinking•Mastery learning•Learning how to learn•Genre writing•Scientific process skills•Contextual learning•Fun learning•Generic skills•Future studies•Integrative learning system•Aspects across the curriculum

•ASSESSMENT•Assessment for Learning•School-based Assessment•Centralised Assessment

OUTCOME

•INDIVIDUALS•K-Worker•IT Literate•Skilful •Patriotic•Possess high moral values•Socially united•Respects the environment•Critical and creative•Resilient and have self dignity•Innovative•Ethical and respects own and other peoples’ culture

THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM

SCHOOL SYSTEM AND CURRICULAR EMPHASIS

UPPER SECONDARY(FORM 4 - 5)

development of aptitude & interests, development of personality, attitude & values, specialization,

career & higher education

TRANSITION CLASS(13 year olds)

reinforcement & enhancement of National Language

LOWER SECONDARY (FORM 1 - 3)

general education, consolidation of skills acquired at primary & pre-vocational level, development of aptitude

& values

PRIMARY LEVEL II(YEAR 4 - 6)

reinforcement & application of 3Rs, complex skills, acquisition of knowledge, pre-vocational education,

development of personality, attitude & values.

PRIMARY LEVEL I(YEAR 1 – 3)

mastery of 3Rs, development of personality,attitude & values.

PRESCHOOLsocialization process, personality

development, preparation for primary schooling.

THE PRESCHOOL CURRICULUMEARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

FOCUSES• HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT• LEARNING IS FUN• MEANIGFUL LEARNING• LIFELONG LEARNING

OUTCOMES• COMPETENT IN LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION• THINKING SKILLS• HIGH MORAL VALUES• SELF CONFIDENT & DISCIPLINED• HEALTHY & ACTIVE• CREATIVE, IMAGINATIVE & EXPRESSIVE

COGNITIVE SPIRITUAL & MORAL

CREATIVITY SOSIOEMOTIONALPHYSICALLANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION

READINESS FOR SCHOOL

SUITABLE CLASSROOM PRACTICE

SUITABLE CLASSROOM PRACTICE

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL (ICPS)

COMMUNICATION

Basic Literacy 3Rs(Reading, Writing & Arithmetic)

LanguagesMathematics

MAN AND HIS ENVIRONMENT

Spiritual, Moral and Attitude, and Man and His Surroundings

Islamic EducationMoral Education

ScienceLocal Studies

INDIVIDUAL SELF DEVELOPMENT

Arts and Recreation

Living SkillsMusic

Arts EducationPhysical and Health Education

PUPILS

PRINCIPLES OF THE INTEGRATED CURRICULUM FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL

Equal Education for All

Emphasis on Noble Values

The Use of ExistingKnowledge & Skills –

to relate with the classroom activities

Development of Individual(Integration of

Intellectual, Spiritual, Emotional &

Physical Aspects)

Principles of ICPS

Enhancing the Use of Bahasa Melayu

and Other Languages (English, Chinese, Tamil)

Life-Long Education

THE GENERAL STRUCTURE OF ICPS

AREAS COMPONENTS PHASE I PHASE II

COMMUNICATION Basic Skills Bahasa Melayu, English Language, Chinese Language, Tamil Language, Mathematics

Bahasa Melayu, English Language, Chinese Language, Tamil Language, Mathematics

MAN AND HIS ENVIRONMENT

Spirituality, Values and Attitudes, Humanities and Environment

Islamic Education, Moral Education, Science

Islamic Education, Moral Education, ScienceLocal Studies

SELF DEVELOPMENT Living Skills, Art and Recreation, Co-Curriculum

Music Education, Visual Art Education, Physical Education, Health Education

Living Skills, Music Education, Visual Art Education, Physical Education, Health Education

LANGUAGES TAUGHT AT THE PRIMARY SCHOOL

Bahasa Melayu – Medium of Instruction in National Schools

Aims of the language Develop the child fully (intellectual, spiritual, emotional &

physical) Inculcate and develop desirable moral values Transmit knowledge Create a united Malaysian race

Numbers of hours taught in primary schoolsNational Schools Year 1, 2 and 3 360 minutes a week Year 4, 5 and 6 300 minutes a weekVernacular Schools Year 1, 2 and 3 270 minutes a week Year 3, 4, 5 and 6 180 minutes a week(Taught as a second language)

Design of the National Standard based Preschool and Primary School Curriculum

CommunicationIntegration of linguistic skills during interaction through verbal and non-verbal codes in Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese and Tamil

Spiritual, attitude and valuesInternationalisation of religious practices, beliefs, attitude and values.

Science and TechnologyMastery of scientific knowledge and skills.Mastery of mathematical knowledge and skills.Mastery of technology-based knowledge and skills

HumanisticMastery of knowledge and practices regarding social sciences, local environment, country and global, internalisation of patriotism and unity.

Personal Development Nurturing and developing leadership and attitude through curricula and co-curricula activities.

HOLISTIC INDIVIDUAL

CRITICAL & CREATIVE THINKING

INNOVATIVE

STANDARD-BASED CURRICULUM (2011)

Content Standard

Specific statements about what a learner should know and be able to perform in a stipulated schooling duration involving knowledge,

skills and values

Learning Standard

A prescribed criteria or indicator on the quality of learning and achievement which is measurable for each content standard

ConceptBased on the National Philosophy of Education

Based on the principles of ICPS

Standard-base

KSPK & KSSRKurikulum Prasekolah Kebangsaan

(National Preschool Curriculum)

Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah(Primary School Standard Based

Curriculum)

Curricula Materials

Standard documentsTeaching modulesLearning modules

Assessment

Formative and on-going

Enhancement, enrichment

Curriculum Design

Based on 6 Thrusts in NKRAs

Enhance the Malay language and Strengthen English

1 October 2009

MBMMBI

STRATEGIES

• Curriculum Transformation – modular approach; “back-to-basics”; skills-based; integration of new technologies

• Enhance teacher capacity

• Development and provision of materials to support classroom teaching

• Curriculum leadership training

NKRA:Widening Access to Quality and affordable Education

NKPI 3.2:All children without any learning difficulties will

acquire basic literacy and numeracy after 3 years of primary education by the Year 2013

BASIC LITERACY AND NUMERACY3R Skill Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Read Understand and use

Minimum of 500 simple common words

Minimum of 800 simple common words

Minimum of 1000 simple common words

Write Able to read, write and understand

Simple sentences Simple and compound sentences with the conjunction ‘and’

Simple and compound sentences with the conjunction ‘and’ in short paragraphs

ArithmeticWhole Numbers

Read, write, count and order

Numbers up to 50 Numbers up to 100 Numbers up to 1000

Basic Operations

Know Basic addition and subtraction facts

Basic addition and subtraction, multiplication (for 2, 5 & 10) and division (for 2, 5 & 10)

Basic addition and subtraction, multiplication (for 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9) and division (for 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9)

Application Able to •Count money up to RM10•State time of day•Measure length of objects in relative units

•Count money up to RM50•State time in hours on an analogue clock•Measure length of objects in correct units

•Count money up to RM100•State time in hours on an analogue clock•Measure length of objects in correct units (in cm only)

PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED CURRICULUM FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

General Education for All Students

Integration of Intellectual, Spiritual, Emotional &

Physical Aspects

Enhancing the Use of Bahasa Melayu

Principles of ICSSThe Use of ExistingKnowledge

Areas/Disciplines

Emphasis on Noble Values

Life-Long Education

Continuity Between Primary & Secondary Education

ASPECTS TAUGHT ACROSS THE CURRICULUM

Drugs prevention education Family health education Bahasa melayu Moral values education Integration of science elements Science & technology Environmental studies Critical & creative thinking skills Parental education Road safety education Future studies Consumerism education Study skills IT

MORAL VALUES

KINDNESS SELF-RELIANCE INTEGRITY RESPECT LOVE

JUSTICE FREEDOM COURAGEMENTAL & PHYSICAL

CLEANLINESSHONESTY

DILIGENCE COOPERATION MODERATION GRATITUDE RATIONALITY

PUBLIC SPIRITEDNESS PATRIOTISM

SECONDARY SCHOOL SCIENCE CURRICULUM