Introduction 2
1. 3() 2. () 3. ( Soil Texture) 4. ( Bulk Density) 5. ( Depth in Soil Profile) 6. 7. 8. 9. 2. ()
1
3 Source : , , , 53
: V[(mineral + )] : V[()] : V[()] = 2 : 1 : 1
V= Volume
Source: , , , 53
: ( texture),
( structure), ( density), ( porosity), (water
content), ( strength or
consistency), ( temperature), ( color) : / /

, (aggregates) ( cementing)
: (25,000), ,
(Soil Texture): ( sand), ( silt), ( clay)
: / (intake rates) // /
(aggregation)
2. ()
Source: Wikipedia
of Maximum Size
Coarse Sand 1.0 - 0.5 Small pinhead
Medium Sand 0.5 - 0.25 Sugar or salt crystals
Fine Sand 0.25 - 0.1 Thickness of book page
Very Fine Sand 0.1 - 0.05 Invisible to the eye
Silt 0.05 - 0.002 Visible under microscope
Clay 0.002 Most are not visible
even with a microscope
: , ,
: water intake rates(infiltration)/water storage/the ease of tilling the
soil/amount of aeration(vital to root growth)/soil fertility ) (30% ) :
→ , (difficulty to wet, drain, till)
1) (Soil Separate Sizes)
1 : (U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA)
3. ( Soil Texture)
1) (Soil Separate Sizes)
2 : ( Coarse Sand), ( Fine Sand)
3. ( Soil Texture)
6
. . ( ). Source: Brady & Weil, , , , 111
1


.
.

.


(4) ( clay) ( clay)
, (plasticity),
·
.
1,000 1,000,000
() . 100 . Source: , , , 89
1
2) (Soil Textural Classes)
Sand/Silt/Clay
( Loam) : .
(, 40%,40%,20%)
:

+ Clay Loam() / + Silty Clay Loam( )/
+ Sandy Clay Loam( )
+ Loamy Sand( )/ + Sand()
3. ( Soil Texture)
3)
(Textural Triangle)
.
·· 100% , () · () .
() () .
3. ( Soil Texture)
Textu-
ral
Class

() Source: , , , 58~59
(%)
1
( Stoke's
10
Source: , , , 65
1
(Sieving Method)
< 2mm < 0.05mm
(= )
(Pipette Method)
3. ( Soil Texture)
12 (= ) Source: , , , 66



-
• : 1/3 .
• : .
• : .
3. ( Soil Texture)
13 : , : , : ,
Source: , , , 62
1
(by Brewer & McCann, 1982) 1. - sand
1. - 2
2. ( ) - loamy sand
2. - 3
3. 2.5cm - 4
4. - loam/ sandy loam
4. - silt loam
3. 2.5cm - 5
5. 5cm ( ) -6
6. - clay loam/ sandy clay loam
6. - silty clay loam/ silt
5. 5cm -7
7. - sandy clay/ clay
7. - silty clay
3. ( Soil Texture)
14 <2.5cm, 2.5cm<<5cm >5cm,
S o
u rc
1
5) ( Rock Fragments) : 2mm * 2mm ? : -
,- (gravel, pebble, cobble/boulder)
)
Boulder (), ,
2-16mm
2)
Gravity)
4.
( Density) : → gram/cm³(÷= :)
=1(1g/1cm³) → ( specific gravity)
(mineral particle) 1 , (soil organic matter) 1 .
:
= 100g/100ml= 1

cf. g cm³

4.
,
: 1 .
( 110 18) . *110 .

.( )

. ,
.

() .
3) ( Bulk Density) → ()
= 1.65=
Source: , , , 69
1
4.
Compaction Degree)
.
,
,
( Root System)
( aeration)

.
3) ( Bulk Density) → ()
Source: , , , 75

(undisturbed block of soil) → , ,
(Soil Core) .
= /

[] . (3.14) x x ,
, πr2h. , (3.14)(4.4cm/2)2(5cm) = 76.0
87.6g/76=1.15g/
1
4.
1100 ~1400(kg/) = 1.1~1.4(g/)
1.4 , 1.6 .
(pot) - (peat moss),(vermiculite),
(pearllite) 0.1~0.4 .
cf. (Roof Garden)
Source: , , , 71
5.0cm + 4.4cm + 87.6g
- , .
1
5. ( Depth in Soil Profile)
20
: A B : ,
6.
Aggregates) , .
: /////

Top
Soil
()
Spheroi-
dal
• (), . • , .
• 1cm .
Plate-like
• .
• B ,

.
21
subangular blocky columnar prismatic
. (e) 15cm ,
(d) (f) 3cm . Source: , , 120
1
6.
1) ( Soil Aggregates) : 1 . ,

() () Source: , , , 45

1)
() ( ) 1:1
.
(cation)
.
( Degree of
Hydaration) (Ca +)
,
(Na+)
· .
Source: , , , 122~131 22
()
( lime, - CaO, - Ca(OH)2)
.
Ca .

.
(Soil Microbes)
( fungi) ( mycelia or hyphae) (polyuronide)
.
( bacteria) - ( a filamentous fungus) .
() .
1
23
Source: EBS ,
Source: , , , 123

, () .
, () , .
, , .

.
(Krilium) (polyacrylamide,PAM)
0.1% (1kg/ha) .
2560% .
1
24
1)
: PAM Source: , , , 128
: Source: , , , 124
1
25
2)




- , . Source: , , , 125
. () . Source: , , , 126
1
26

,
,

4 Source: , , 121
1
27

.
,
. Source: , , , 133
( Db- Degree of bulk density)
( %) Source: , , , 133
1
28
2:
(a)
(b) . Source: , , , 136
1
29
, ,
1
/ ( )
albedo() : ,


Source: , , , 99
8. Munsell Source: , , , 89
(, ),

30
: biomass non-living biomass
: , / / (hemicellulose) / (cellulose) / (lignin)


, , , pH : ,
-Oi(fibric, L : litter layer) -
-Oe(hemic, F : fermentation layer) - ,
-Oa(sapric, H : humus layer) -
A. B.
C. Source: , ,
, 91

( physiochemical)
1
31
9.
3
Fulvic acid (AF) : . . . Clay , Ca2+ . > 1000
Humic acid (AH) : . AF . clay . . Ca2+ . 10,000 - 100,000
Humin : AF AH .
( Humus)
( mor, raw humus) : . .
. . . A B . C/N 60 .
( mull) : . . (H) . . C/N 25 . .
(, mordor): Mull Mor . . C/N 35 .
Source: , , , , 43~44
Humus Color Chart
32

- . - .
- .


2 510cm , 2
2530cm .
1 kg , , ,
.

2mm
. 100cc
. .
1
33

-
(systematic sampling) -
(stratified sampling)
- .
(compositing)
- .


- 48
34