蹴醗㊧舳鰯麟躍鼠皿騰⑬蹴es量鵬伽wo翻 · 2013. 5. 14. · bulletin of the geological...

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Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,vo1.41(11),p.631r640,1990 552.3 553.04 亘騨⑪臨贈麟膿鞭一曲曲㊨/鼠翻醜c膿聖畏鯉s 蹴醗㊧舳鰯麟躍鼠皿騰⑬蹴es量鵬伽wo翻 Masaharu KAMITANI*and Eideo HIRANo** KAMITANI,M.and H:IRANo,H.(1990)Impoftant carbonatite-alkal and related mineral resources in the world。β%」孟060乙S%鍬血鋼%,voL41 640. 1。 亘)亘st亙喧昆囲五t且0踊 More than500carbonatite-alkaline/alkaline complexes are distributed in the world。Main concentrated areas of the complexes are East African rift zones,northem Scandinavia-Kola peninsula,eastem Canada an(l southem Brazil as seen in Figure 1.The distribution is restricted interior and marginal regions of con- tinents and structurally controlled by assumed deep fractures.The East African rift valley is one of the typical examples. The carbonatites are generally associated with ultramafic and/or alkaline rocks,but in so- me cases occur as isolated dykes,cylindrical in- trusives and volcanic cones.Alongwith the East African rifts,many effusive carbonatites an(1 alkaline rocks are observable.The Oldoinyo Lengai carbonatite,Tanzania,famous for the enlption in1960,consists mainly of tuffs,ag- glomerates and lava f1ρws of Na-rich car- bonatites with ijolites,nepheline syenites and phonolite flows(DAwsoN,1966). Carbonatites representing more deeper part of them are recognized in the northem Scan- dinavia-Kola peninsula,the eastern Canada,the southem Brazil and the other re菖ions an(1most- 1y associated with alkaline and mafic to ultramafic rock suites such as ijolite,melteigite, jacupirangite,pyroxenite,peridotite and so on。 The ages of carbonatite-alkaline/alkaline *Geological Museu血,Geological Survey of Japa血. **Mineral Resources Dept. Jap参n・ Geologica1,Survey of complexes即ostly determined by vary from Archean to Recent ti: group ofthe complexesis closel regional structural events. Cana( bonatites were divided into four and upPer Proterozoics, Pal Cretaceous.The Paleozoic car related to the St.Lawrence r associated with the Atlantic O (PERRAULT and MANKER,1981) south6rn Brazi1,two groups of low Cretaceous have intruded int basements surrounding the Para carbonatites with similar ages are the opposite side,Angola a耳d N are intimately associated with bre Gondwana continents (MARsH, 1977). In Kbla peninsula three alkaline/carbonatite-alkaline recognized;middle Proterozqic, Paleozoic and upper Paleozoic.A complexes are related to north trending Kandalaksha graben a trending deep fractures (VAR PAARMA,1979). 2・M翻曲es偲ees晦t動曲I e麗蝕o舩翫e一箆亙】k我且旦髄e/融a盈醜 e⑰.騨且exes Importantmineralresources su rareearthandph・$ph・rus奪reass carbonatite and alkaline compl been developed in many comtrie Their mineral reserves calsssified mation age are shown in Fig. uranium and zirconium have been,p 一631一 ,1

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  • Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,vo1.41(11),p.631r640,1990 552.3  553.04

    亘騨⑪臨贈麟膿鞭一曲曲㊨/鼠翻醜c膿聖畏鯉s     蹴醗㊧舳鰯麟躍鼠皿騰⑬蹴es量鵬伽wo翻

    Masaharu KAMITANI*and Eideo HIRANo**

    KAMITANI,M.and H:IRANo,H.(1990)Impoftant carbonatite-alkaline/alkaline complexes

         and related mineral resources in the world。β%」孟060乙S%鍬血鋼%,voL41(11),p.631-

         640.

    1。  亘)亘st亙喧昆囲五t且0踊

      More than500carbonatite-alkaline/alkaline

    complexes are distributed in the world。Main

    concentrated areas of the complexes are East

    African rift zones,northem Scandinavia-Kola

    peninsula,eastem Canada an(l southem Brazil

    as seen in Figure 1.The distribution is

    restricted interior and marginal regions of con-

    tinents and structurally controlled by assumed

    deep fractures.The East African rift valley is

    one of the typical examples.

      The carbonatites are generally associated

    with ultramafic and/or alkaline rocks,but in so-

    me cases occur as isolated dykes,cylindrical in-

    trusives and volcanic cones.Alongwith the East

    African rifts,many effusive carbonatites an(1

    alkaline rocks are observable.The Oldoinyo

    Lengai carbonatite,Tanzania,famous for the

    enlption in1960,consists mainly of tuffs,ag-

    glomerates and lava f1ρws of Na-rich car-

    bonatites with ijolites,nepheline syenites and

    phonolite flows(DAwsoN,1966).

      Carbonatites representing more deeper part

    of them are recognized in the northem Scan-

    dinavia-Kola peninsula,the eastern Canada,the

    southem Brazil and the other re菖ions an(1most-

    1y associated with alkaline and mafic to

    ultramafic rock suites such as ijolite,melteigite,

    jacupirangite,pyroxenite,peridotite and so on。

      The ages of carbonatite-alkaline/alkaline

    *Geological Museu血,Geological Survey of  Japa血.

    **Mineral Resources Dept.

      Jap参n・

    Geologica1,Survey of

    complexes即ostly determined by K-Ar method

    vary from Archean to Recent ti:ne,and each

    group ofthe complexesis closelyrelatedtotheir

    regional structural events. Cana(lian  car-

    bonatites were divided into four groupsl middle

    and  upPer Proterozoics, Paleozoics and

    Cretaceous.The Paleozoic carbonatites are

    related to the St.Lawrence rift system

    associated with the Atlantic Ocean opening

    (PERRAULT and MANKER,1981).In thesouth6rn Brazi1,two groups of lower and upper

    Cretaceous have intruded into Precambrian

    basements surrounding the Parana basin.The

    carbonatites with similar ages are distributed at

    the opposite side,Angola a耳d Namibia.Those

    are intimately associated with break off of the

    Gondwana continents (MARsH,19721HERz,1977). In Kbla peninsula three groups of

    alkaline/carbonatite-alkaline complexes are

    recognized;middle Proterozqic,10werto middle

    Paleozoic and upper Paleozoic.Almost all the

    complexes are related to northwest-southeast

    trending Kandalaksha graben and east-west

    trending deep fractures (VARTIAINEN and

    PAARMA,1979).

    2・M翻曲es偲ees晦t動曲I   e麗蝕o舩翫e一箆亙】k我且旦髄e/融a盈醜

       e⑰.騨且exes

      Importantmineralresources suchas niobium,

    rareearthandph・$ph・rus奪reass・ciated轍h

    carbonatite and alkaline complexes and have

    been developed in many comtries(Table1).

    Their mineral reserves calsssified by th6ir for-

    mation age are shown in Fig.2.Copper,uranium and zirconium have been,produce(l in

    一631一,1

    覇麟

  • B%IZθ枷のh6θθ・卿・αZ・S銘物7げ血卿,蹴41,『M}.11

    0。 KαYdor         ∫ 濃ブ ρ専

    SokIi Kh臓,,嬉..㊥、卜

    Turja Maimecha-Kotui

    り     Haaeavesiミ・

    Svnn y「

       Fen(Sove)

    Kais色rstuhI

         ρ

       Siilinlarvi

       Kuopio         Vishnevvie          ③

    Kizilcaoren

              6

    Ki轡警 !

    跳謡hid翼~レhip

            Mushgai KhudUk

    7

            Aldan          歯

                           c

                     /.グ

    ↓L署ingoISikh・t ㊨訟ノ0

    40。

    Tamazert・Tikarkas

    d冠  ▽ ¶

                Newania

    o

    ㊥Amba Dongar  P。nwad  Bayan  Kowant  Siriwasan

    ⑱伽〆          Weishan

            HungIongpu

    Air          TororoSasaO Myaoya

     Tadhak   、

    笹CapeVerde is. Jos Platεδu「

     Southem五NigerJabaI

    Kur ⑳         Napak

    Dumbie   Bukus自蟹           Kuge-kwβla

    Sevathur礪amむIpatti 尽

    ン略’レ I

    GQlda Zuelya Lueshe

    ⑱〆

    BhgQ

    ㊥         Old⑳yo Dl質

    ざakkanadu

    0。・Mavo Darie BurU HomaMt.

    Kivu-Mariema7ζ Karonge

     SanguWigu          Ngualla

    North Ruri(Kisingiri)

    Mri巾a Hi畦. ミ翫内、・Cap吻 Panda HiIl

    waya RedbankBailuhdo Sukulu,.Tororo

    llombaCummings Range

    Nkombwa Mud Tupk     Coola30D

    Chi!wa

    Mt.Weld

    Bonga ㊥ TunduluOroor60

    TambaniTchivira

    VirulundoCapunda Mount Xiluvo ▽

    ℃aPUndaKaluwe

    Kangankunde         『Ondurakorume

    GlenoverPhalaborwa

    Nootigedacht 評 ,

    ℃songombo 【OD

    Fig。、1 Dist貢bution map of main alkaline一,

    significant amounts from some complexeslPhalabo癖a,SouthAf士fca;Kbヤdbf,KolalUSSRan(10the踏,1hdustfial mi血eralsγsu¢h as fluorite,

    1imestone and vermiculite hav’e been mined in

    India,Brazil and some African、countries。Fur-

    th6士mo亡e)titanium and str6阜t緬m have been

    studied fbf the deve10pm奪ntもi血一Btazil and

    Malawi.

     一Niobium:Niobium ores have-beefゆro(1uce“

    mostlジ「from th6’carboliatite菖in Brazil and

    Canada,an(1a little amount ofniobium are fro血

    tin’slug$’and tantalum ores.Niobium ore

    reserves of Araxa,Tapira an(1Catalao car-

    bonatites in the southem Brazi1,hold about・83

    percent of those in the・world.Recently Seis

    :Lagos carbonatite complex噸in Amazonas state,

    Brazi1五as been reported as the biggest:Nb-ore

    reser▽es in、the l world㌧(2898』mi1Lt.,2.81%

    Nb2051Pena,1989).・ ! 『「、

     Rare Earth:About66percent of rare earth

    pro母uctiqn“omes from carbonatite complexes,

    mainly Mountain Pass,USA,and Baiyun(Bayan)Obo,Chinα。Bastnaesite ahd mo血azite,

    main rare-earth minerals in those carbonatites,

    一632一

  • 加ρo吻痂励o鰯ガ伽63・嬬8s勉h6ω・7」4(砿K伽伽伽4π。・研伽・)

    180。

    駅 Q心

    0

    ソ     o

    Lonie(Manson Creek)

       o   、  Big    へ

        又Verity

          o

    _匙S・臨嚇蕊⑭     Fire Sand・

    儀 一酬1㎞

    Albany Forks

         Lawashi

    illimaussaq

      Allik

    S走range Lake

    Temiscamielce Rever Montviel

    Rocky BayPoohbah St.

    Mercier

    Argor(St.JamesHon。re Bay)

    CargiI Namegosenda LakeOkaMountain pass

    Calender Bay

    Gem Park&MacIureMt,         Manitouも

    Island

     lrgn Hill

    Magnet Cove

    へ   Ir・n   一乙>8。           Seabrook

    lsland

    Lake

    Mutum

    OD

    Seis LagosPocos de Caldas

    Manono

    ¥Serro Sapo

    Morro do Engenho lpanema

    Caiapo

    Catalao I

       》

    !Serra

           Catalao H

    Negra,Salitre I,II

        Chiriguelo

         Araxa    Tapira

    oAnitapolis

    Morro   de Serrote(Juquia)

    Matq Preto,Barra do Itapirapua O      Lages“

    Jacupiranga      吻

    塾180。

    carbonatite/alkaline complexes in the world.

    are rich in light rare-earth elements.Total ore

    reserves of the two ore4eposits ar6estimated

    about40million tons in RE203content and

    beyond80percent of the total world reserves.

    Furthermore,some alkaline complexes in the

    Kola peninsula have a great potentiality of fare

    earth as a byproduct from apatite conbentrate.

     Phosphoms:Most of carbonatite-alkaline

    complexes contain4gr¢at quantity of apatiteand some of them have contributed to fertilizer

    industries.USSR,Brazil and Africans}are main

    producing countries and the total world apatite

    ore sererves are estimate(1about822m皿iontons in P205 contents. Khibiny, the largest

    alkaline complexin USSRhas about500million

    tons in P205contents.It has produced around

    15million tons per annum(NoTHoLT,1979)

    and at present might have held18卑illion tons

    of apatite concentration.

     Other resources:Zirconium,especially bad-

    deleyite,is a important resource and・have been

    recoveredasoneofaceessorymineralsinPhalaborwa and Kovdor complexes.Anatase,a

    secondary titanium mineral is associated with

    一633一

  • 8-

    1

    Table l Mineral resources related carbonatite complexes.

    Name of comPlex Lithology Type of carbonatite Age(Ma) CommodityRSRV(mil.t)Oregrade(%)Reference

    A垂axa(Barreiro),

    Braz i1

    Tapira,Brazil

    SalitreLBrazil

    Saユitre II, Brazil

    Serra Negra, Brazil

    Catalao I, Brazil

    CatalaoII,Brazil

    瀬orro do Engenho,Brazil

    Jacupiranga,后razil

    Juquia(MorrodoSerrσte), Brazil

    Ipanema, Brazil

    Anitapolis, Brazi l

    91immerite,phoscolite

    pyroxenite, peridotite,syenite

    peridotite,pyroxenite,tra-chyte,foyaite,glimmerite

    dUnite,peri(1Qtite,pXnite,tipguite,91immeri te

    dunite,peridotite,pxnite,tinguite,glimmerite

    peridotite,glimmeritephoscol ite

    glimmerite,phoscolite

    dunite,peridotiote,nepheline syenite

    peri(iOtite,pyrOXinite,

    nephel ine syenite

    pyroxenite,peridotite,pulaski te,syenite

    glimmerite,pyrOXenite,pulaski te

    pXnite,Urtiしe,Syenite,

    melteigite,91immerite

    beforsite,sovi te

    sovi te

    sovite

    SQvite

    sovi te

    beforsite

    sovi te

    calcitic

    sovite,beforsite

    beforsite

    sovi te

    sovi te

    91

    70

    83

    79

    65

    86

    Cretaceous

       130

       127

       123

       129

    niobiumphosphorusrare earthbar ium

    niobiumt i t an ium

    phosphorus

    t i tanium

    titanium

    titanium

    niobiumphosphorustitaniumrare earth

    niobium

    nickel

    phosphorusnickel

    phosphorus

    phosphorus

    phosphorus  res i(iual

      primary

    465460  0.8

    463

    18095

    921

    84

    92

    200

    15.7306  6

      2

      2

    70

    89

      3

      2

    117

    53206

    2.4815.01

    13.520.67

    0.6717.68

    8.32

    23.28

    13.0

    27.63

    1.617.96

    19.90

    12.2

    2.18

    1.27

    6.151.39

    16.0

    6.73

    8.204.00

    四b205

    P205

    RE203BaSO4

    Nb205Tio2

    P205

    Tio2

    Tio2

    Tio2

    Nb2d5

    P205Tio2-9

    RE203

    Nb205

    脛i

    P205Ni

    P205

    P205

    P205P205

    Filho, et al。,1984

    Pena,1989

    Rodrigues&Lima,1984Berbert,1984Pena,1989

    RQ(1rigues&Lima,1984

    Berber七,1984

    Rodrigues&Lima,1984

    Rodrigues&Lima,1984Berbert,1984

    Baecker,1983.

    Rodrigues&Lima,1984Hiranoetal,1987

    Baecker,1983Rodrigues&Lima,1984

    Rodrigues&Lima,1984

    Rodrugues&Lima,1984Hiranoetal,1987

    Born,1971Rodrigues&Lima,1984

    Rodrigues&1、ima,1984

    Rodrigues&Lima,1984

    bロ

    ミ魯§・

    黛き賢

    os蔓’

    §留這遷

    ミ§

    ぎト軋ト

    さ旨

  • 8伊

    Name of complex     Lithology

    Barra do ItapirapuaBrazil

    臨。Pret。,Brazil

    Pocos de Caldas,Braz・i l

    SeisLagos,Brazil

    Oka,σanada..

    StP.Honσre,σanada

    JamesBay(Argor),Canada

    Manitou Islands,Canada

    Lackner・Lake,

    Canada

    Nemegosenda Lake,Canada

    遡ountaiuPass,USA

    Iron Hill, USA

    Kizilcaoren,Turkey

    Amba6。ngar,lndia

    Baiyun (Bayan) Obo

    China

    -p h。n。lite

      tinguite,phonolite, 、n,eph el ine sy en i te

      syenite

    megltei&it年,ij・lite,

    urtite・okaite.

      ijolite,urtite,’

     nephel ine syenite

     pyroxen i te

     syenite,alkali pyroxenite

      ijOl ite,malignite

     nep鼓eline Syenite

     nephel ine syenite,

     shonkinite,syenite

      ijOlite,pyrOXenite

    ph。n。lite,trachyte

     nephelini te,phonol i te

    , alkaligabbro,

      trachyte

    Table1 (continued)

    Type of carbonatite Age(Ma) Commodity RSRV(mil.t) Ore grade(%) Referen¢e

    beforsite                一

    ’s。》ite, b巨f。rsite   67

        -             53-87

    ferrocarbonatite,          一

    beforsite

    sovite                    122

    sovite,dolomitic     560-ankeritic carb.

    dolomitic carb.           1655

    carbonatite dyke           568

    carbonatite              1090

    calcitic carb.           1010

    calcitic,(1010mitic-       1440

    ankeritic carb.

    carbonatite             520-580

    carbonatite       24

    ankeri七ic carb.         37.5-76

    dolomitic carb.        1400

    rare earth    -phQsphorus     -

    fluorine       2.

    zir〔;:,onium      O。

    rare earth      6

    niQbium     2898rare earth    -

    niobium      122

    rare earth   122

    n i obi um         16

    niobium       62.

    phosphorus     62.

    niobium        1.

    uranium        3。

    phbsphorus  10niobium       10

    niobium       20

    rare earth   100

    niobium      40

    rare earth      O.

    fluorine       O.

    fluorine      116

    rare eεしrth     -

    rare earth    35iron         1150niobium       O.

    8

    2一

    33

    78

      0.94 RE203

      2.49 P205

     58.O  CaF2

     65-70 ZrO2  5.O  R,E203

     ,2.81,Nb205

      L50RE琴03

      G。45 Nb205

      0.2  RE203

      0.69 採b205

      0.52 Nb205

    3-10.♀205

      0。86 Nb205

      σ.041 U308

     19.5  P205

      0.23 Nb205

      0.47 Nb205

      5.O  RE203

      0.25 Nb205

      2.5  RE203

     37。4  CaF2

     30.O  CaF2

      3  RE203

    as,RE203basis33-35 Fe as Nb basis

    Cordeiro & Oliveira,1984

    Lourei飴&Tavares,1983

    Ulb発ic上&β・mes・1981

    PNPM,1979

    Rodrigues&Lima,1984Pena,1989

    C近rrie,1日76

    Perrau lt&煙anker,1981

    Currie,1976Perηault&Manker,198】

    Stockford,1972

    Currie,1976

    Dawson,1966Currie,1976

    Hodder,’1961

    Currie4976

    Currie,1976

    A(1ams & Staatz,1973

    01son et’al.,1954

    Roskilll『1983

    Kayabal,1986Morteani & Satir,1989

    Viladkar,1981

    Sun Hong-ru,1983

    Argall,1980

    §…iミ

    ミ&§§.

    ミ,8

    §…驚.

    欝恥

    ミ……ミ

    §

    き§誉’

    §.

    §織

    ,蚕

    顛.

    …i

    s

  • 8①

    Name of complex Lithology

    Miaoya,China

    MushugaシーKhuとuk,

    Mongol

    Lugingo1, Mongol

    Phalaborwa,S.Africa

    G「e蔓ove「・S・Af「ica

    D・r・騨a・.Zimbabwe

    Shawε, Zimbabwe

    Okorusu, 瞳amibia

    Ondurukurume,Nami.Pia

    Bonga, Angola

    麗atache,Tundul,Mala“i

    Chilwa Isl.,Malawi

    Kangankunde,Malawi

    I lomba Hi11,Malawi

    Panda Hi l1,Tanzan ia

    Su丘ulu,Ugandゴ

    sye塁ite

    K-rich alkaline rocks

    K-rich alkaline rocks

    pyr。xenite,ph。sと。lite

    Only fenetiZatiOn

    syenite・ph・n・lite、

    dunite,{jolite

    f・瞬しe・Urtite・Syenite

    fOyaite,Syenite

    neph-syenite,syenite,feldspathic ag910mer.

    fenitic syenite,

    feldspathic brecciafenitization only

    foya、ite,ijolite,s y、en i te

    fenetiZatiOn Only

    ij。1itも,neph-syenite

    Table1 (continued)

    Type of carbonatite Age(Ma)

    sovite,ankeritic cb.

    apatite-magnetitecarb.

    carbonatite

    sovi te

    beforsite,sovite

    sovi te

    beforsite一>〉magnesite

    sovite

    sovite, beforsite

    carbonatite

    sovite,sideritic’carb.

    sideritic,ankeriticcarb. sovite

    sovite,ankeritic carb.

    sovite,dolomitic carb.

    sovite,(iolomitic carb.

    s。》ite,ferrugin。uscarb.

    271

    L Jr-E.Cr

    LJr-E・ρr

      2047

      1300

      200

      20・1

      133

      136

      125

    490-508

      116

    24-26

    C。mm。dityRSRV(血il.t)Oregrade(監) Reference

    niobium

    rare earth

    rare earth

    copperzirconium

    phosphorusniobium

    phosp弁orus

    vermibulite・

    fluorine

    niobium

    niobium

    phosphbrus

    ni6blum.

    rare earthstrontium

    niobi.um-

    uran‡um

    niobium

    phosphorusniobi蟻m

     15     0.25 Nb205

    370 1.6RE263

    315     0.69 Cu

    -   0.15ZrO2

     10   20-32  P205

     -      0.68 Nb205

     67    6.5  P205

    7-10 35.O CaF2

      8     0.3  Nb205

    824     0.48 Nb205

      1.25 15.O  P205

    3-5   0.32-1.51Nb205

      0・3254・7。RE203.  0.325 圭7.9  SrCO3

      0.ユ    0.3  Nb205

      -  0・05U書08

    300      0.3  Nb205

    200 13.o plol200     0.23 Hb205

    Li,1980

    Vakhrushe》etal.,1980

    Kavalenko et al.,1981

    ditto.

    C。et乞ee,1976

    PMCEMGMS・1976

    Carter&Bennett,1973

    Carter&Bennett,1973

    Johnson,1966Nicolayson,etal.1962

    De姥ns・19σ1

    嫉acCall,1963

    DσanSf1966

    Penす・1989

    Carter&Bennett,1973

    Cart¢r&Ben痘et,1973㌧

    Deans,1966

    Carter&Bennett,1973

    Carter&Beηnet,1973Bloomfield,etal1981

    Ficketal.,1959

    Deans,1σ66

    Reedman,1984

    窒ミ§・

    馬導馬

    §蔓ミ讐§遭

    ξ§

    ぎト職ト

    さ旨

  • 18q

    Table1 (continued)

    Name,ofcomplexLith。1。gy でyPe・fcarb・natite Age(Ma) C。mm。dityRSRV(mi1.tl〉 Ore gfade(器)Ref町rence

    BukU興,

    T・rlr・・疑ganda・

    Bin言o,Zaire

    Lue,sh曼・Zai鞭e

    Kri血a旧il1,Kenya

    Kaiserstuhl,Germany

    Kodal,Norway

    Sove(Fen〉、,麗〇四ay

    Sokl i,Fin land

    Siilinjarvi,FinlandKhibiny,USSR

    Kovdor,USSR

    Synnyr(Oshrkov〉,

    USSRMotzfel(1t,Greenlan(1

       Mineral resgurces

    CanCriniteSyen蚕te、

    nephel ine syenite

    ・limburgite,ph。n。lit邑,

    ,nepheLini te

    syenite

    nephel ini te,ijol ite,

    melteigite,alnOite

    peridotite,pyroxenite

    91immerite.

    ijOlite,melteigite,ur ti te,neph-syen i te

    melteigite,ijOlite,pyroxenite,d}nite

    syenite

    associate4with carbonatite-a王kaline/alkaline

    ,16-32

    d・lgmiticcarb・natitle

    sovite,rauhaugite       516-635

    sovite,(1010mit.ic carb.

    s。vite’      18-66

    carbonatite                -

    sovite,rauhaugite        565-590

    phoseolite,sovite       334-378

    ph。sc。lite,s。vite’ 1785-2530

           -            L.C-E.P

    small carbonatite vein     370

           『            1300

                        COmpleXeS in

     niobium

     niObium

     niobium

     剛niobium

     r ar e e arth

     niObium

     phosphorus

     niobium

     phosphorus niobium

     phosphorus phosphorus wi th REE

      phosphorus  iron

      phosphorus  with REE  niobium

    the

      70

       ウ

      30

      50

       6

       0.8

      70

      61

      50

    4652700

    708708500

      80

    W㏄’d憐織li呈1

       0.25

       2』86

       1.34

       0.7

       5.9

       0.5

       6。0

       0.2

      19.0

       4.0

      18.0

       6.6

      50

    4.0-4.5

    0.4-1.0

    ,Nb205二

    Nb205

    Nbを05

    ・Nbゴ05

    RE203

    Nb205

    P205

    Nb205

    P205

    P205P205

    P205

    T.FeP205

    Nb205

    103million822 million 47 million105 million40million

    E1。。mfleld,1,973

      Pena,1989’

      Roski l1, 1983

    甦araviβ&M。rteani・登O

      MacCall,1963Deaps・1966

    Wimmenauer・197タ

      賢otholt,1979

    Heinrich,19ら6

      Roskill,1983

      Notholt,1979

     Vartiainen,1980

      Notholt,1979  Notholt,1979

      Notholt,1979

      Notholt鰯1979

      P6na,1989

    ton串(Nb205)

    tons(P205)

    tons(RE203)tons(Tio2)t・n§(CaF2)

    §憲ミ

    iミ

    &…ii

    &.§。

    誤,§

    iii

    §。

    きも

    ,・ミ…

    …ミ

    ミ,黛

    き§融’

    §.

    …ii

    嵐顛.

    iii

    9

  • B鰯伽瞬h6G60嬢・σJS%物がノ4鋤,’泥盈,飾.1f

     篭6

    -314匿 12

     掲

     8

     6

     4

     2

     0

    4巳

    3の

    1巳

     0 11臼

    ■1馳’一 9臼澤

     舘 72 62 馳 4の 3巳 2図 1巳 巳

     7巳2

    …6四

     5朋4②o

    3鴎

    2〔泌

    1四

    2。31

    O,27

    14.52

    噸5

    O。64

    4e.2臼

    6,83

    REIP3

    ⑭.吼

    1a4.77

    TIO2

    27,2156.23

    682.48

    ㌧05

    鋤.35

        PREC    PAL匿OZ   鵬ESOZ   CE腿OZ

    Fig.2 Carbonatite-related mineralreserves in the

        world.Reserves are calculated based Qn the

        data shown in↑able1.A Nb-ore reser▽e of

        Seis Lagos,A血azonas statein Brazilis omt-

        ted from this figure because of the

        unknown age of the carbonatite intrusion.

    Brazilian carbonatites and recently its recover-

    ing technology has been developed by Tapira

    Mine.

    Re£e『e醜ees

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        no solo.fesi(1u員11ateritico e a petrografia

        das rochas ultramaficas-alcalinas do domo

        deCatarao-1,Goias.Masterthesisof1)ゆ。

        G60s6加08,砺吻.β郷肋,113P.

    BERBERT,C.0.(1984) Carbonatites and asso-

        ciated n冥n6ral deposits in Brazi1.In Procc-

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        EvolutionシResources and Hazards(ed.Y.

        SIMAZAKI),’融60勿Z 名召,07’ (ゾ 060Zo9ゴoαl

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    世界の主要カーボナタイトーアルカリ複合岩体とそれに伴う鉱物資源

    神谷雅晴・平野英雄

                          要  旨

     世界の主要カーボナタイトの岩相,固結年代,およびそれに伴う鉱物資源を一覧表としてまとめ,そ

    れぞれの位置を図示した.カーボナタイトに伴う鉱物資源のうち,ニオブ,レアアース,チタソ,リン

    は地域分布ばかりでなく,形成時代にも著しい偏在性が存在するこ.とを示した.

    (受付:1990年3月27日;受理:1990年9月1日)

    一640一