effect of weeding and row direction on rice
DESCRIPTION
AgronomyTRANSCRIPT
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RRJoCST (2015) 1-11 STM Journals 2015. All Rights Reserved Page 1
Research & Reviews: Journal of Crop Science and Technology ISSN: 2319-3395(online)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Effect of Weeding Regime and Row Direction on
Growth and Yield of Rice in Bangladesh
M.A. Alam1, M.M.H. Tipu
2*, M.M.I. Chowdhury2, M.H. Rubel3, M. A. Razzak1 1Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Instutite (BSRI), Bangladesh
2Bangladesh Agricultural Research Instutite (BARI) , Bangladesh
3Noakhali Science & Technology University, Sonapur, Bangladesh
Abstract
Weeds are always a disturbing pest in crop field. The success of cultivation mainly depends on
proper management of weeds through different approaches. The study was conducted in boro
(dry) season during the period from November 2010 to May 2011 to investigate effect of row
direction and weeding regime on growth and yield of rice. The experiment was consisted of
ten weeding regimes and two row directions. Almost all growth parameters, crop characters
and yield parameters were influenced significantly due to weeding regimes and row
directions. Weeding at 15 days interval was found to produce the tallest plant (88.70 cm), the
greatest number of tiller hill-1
(14.79) and the longest panicle (23.87 cm) under East-West row
direction. The highest amount of total dry matter production (63.88 g) was found from
weeding at 15 days interval and East-West row direction at 60 days after transplanting. Grain
yield (4.46 t ha-1
) was 130% higher with weeding at 15 days interval over no weeding under
East-West row direction. East-West row direction also produced 46% higher straw yield (5.06
t ha-1
) from weeding at 15 days interval over no weeding.
Keywords: Rice, row direction, weeding regime, yield
*Author of correspondence E-mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION Rice is the main food crop of Bangladesh and
about eighty percent of her people depend on
agriculture, especially on rice cultivation. In
Bangladesh, rice cultivation covers 79% of the
total cropped area. Boro (dry) season rice
covers 35.69% of the total rice area and it
shares about 48.52% of the total rice
production [1]. Rice was cultivated in 4.15
million hectares of the area with 13.44 million
tons of production and the average yield was
3.24 t ha-1
during boro (dry) season [2]. The
yield of rice can be increased with improved
cultivation practice like optimum planting
time, planting density, fertilizer management,
adequate spacing, proper row direction and
weed management. It is often mentioned that,
"Agriculture is a fight against weeds" [3].
Among the factors, the infestation of weed is
one of the most important constraints in the
cultivation of crop [4,5]. The prevailing
climatic and edaphic factors of Bangladesh are
highly favourable for luxuriant growth of
numerous species of weeds which offer a keen
competition with rice crop [5]. Many
investigators reported a great loss in the yield
of rice due to weed infestation from different
parts of the world [6]. It was reported that
weeds may reduce the grain yield by 68-100%
in direct seeded Aus rice, 16-48% in Aman rice
and 22-36% in modern Boro rice [7]. Weed
depresses the normal yield of grains panicle-1
and grain weight [8]. Yield loss depends upon
some variables like magnitude of weed
infestation, type of weed species, time of
association with crops, fertilization,
competitive ability of the variety and cultural
management accomplished with control of the
pest [9]. A number of studies showed that
weed control through both traditional and
chemical methods influence plant height, tiller
number, crop growth rate, yield attributes and
yield of rice [10-12].
Proper row direction may help to produce
maximum Leaf Area Index (LAI), higher light
interceptions, etc. which are more congenial
for photosynthesis as well as higher yield of
rice. Row direction of rice may have a
remarkable influence on the yield and yield
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Effect of Weeding Regime and Row Direction on Rice Alam et al.
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components of rice [13]. Rice scientists
reported that East-West row direction showed
better performance over North-South row
direction [14]. Improper row orientation may
affect the physiological activities of rice plant
and can reduce potential yield by 15-25% [15].
So, adjustment of row direction is necessary to
eliminate light competition and to create
suitable micro-climate for obtaining the
maximum grain yield of rice through receiving
maximum solar radiation, thereby, increasing
photosynthesis. Researches on row direction in
rice are limited under Bangladesh condition.
Research on this aspect thus warrants due
attention. The present study was, therefore,
undertaken to analyze the effect of weeding
and row direction on growth and yield rice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was carried out at the
Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh
Agricultural University, Mymensingh during
boro (dry) season starting from November
2010 to May 2011. The soil belongs to the Old
Brahmaputra Floodplain agro-ecological zone,
having non-calcareous dark grey floodplain
soil [16]. Soil in the experimental fields at 015-cm depth was silt loam in texture with pH
of 6.2, organic carbon of 1.29%, sand of 32%,
silt of 60%, and clay of 8%. Weather
information regarding temperature, relative
humidity, rainfall and sunshine hours
prevailed at the experimental site during the
study period has been presented in Table 1.
Table 1: Monthly Air Temperature, Rainfall, Relative Humidity and Sunshine Hours During the
Growing Per from November 2010 to May 2011.
Month Air temperature (0c) Rainfall
(mm)
Relative humidity
(%)
Sunshine
(hrs.) Max. Min. Avg.
November 2010 28.98 16.87 22.93 14.00 82.86 224.80
December 2010 26.23 13.97 20.10 18.00 81.61 197.10
January 2011 23.72 12.49 18.00 3.40 80.86 138.80
February 2011 27.34 16.41 21.87 26.60 73.93 199.10
March 2011 29.61 20.57 25.09 83.60 80.61 171.50
April 2011 31.61 22.37 26.99 153.0 78.90 223.22
May 2011 30.42 22.42 26.42 453.4 82.61 192.39
The experiment consisted of ten weeding
regimes, viz. T1= Rifit 500 EC @ 1.0 l ha-1
,
T2= Sibafit 500EC @ 1.0 l ha-1
, T3= Rav
500EC @ 1.0 l ha-1
, T4= Ichlor 5G @ 1.0 l ha-
1, T5= Superhit 500EC @ 1.0 l ha
-1, T6=
Control (no weeding) T7= Weeding at 15 days
interval, T8= One time hand weeding at 25
DAT, T9= Two times hand weeding at 25 and
45 DAT, T10= Two times hand weeding at 35
and 55 DAT and two row directions, viz. S1=
East-West row direction, S2= North-South row
direction. Herbicides used in the experiment
were systemic and pre-emergence type. For
the hand weeding treatment, one hand weeding
was done on 25 DAT.
In the case of two times hand weeding, one
hand weeding treatment was done 25 DAT
followed by second hand weeding at 45 DAT.
For another two times hand weeding, one time
hand weeding was done 35 DAT followed by
second hand weeding at 55 DAT. For no weed
control treatment weeds were allowed to grow
in the plots from transplanting to harvesting of
the crop. But in Weeding at 15 days interval
treatment, plots were kept moderately weed
free up to harvesting by hand weeding at 15
days interval.
The experiment was laid out in a randomized
complete block design. There were 20
treatment combinations. The treatments were
replicated thrice. Each replication was divided
into 20 unit plots where the treatment
combinations were allocated at random. Thus
the total number of unit plots was 60. The size
of each unit plot was 4.0 m 2.5 m. Distance
maintained between unit plots and replications
were 0.75 m and 1 m, respectively. Rice
variety BRRI dhan29 was used as the
experimental material. Seeds of BRRI dhan29
were collected from Bangladesh Rice
Research Institute, Gazipur. The seeds were
sown in the nursery bed on 02 December 2010
with appropriate care. Fertilizers were applied
in the plots @ 120 kg ha-1
, 60 kg ha-1
, 40 kg
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Research & Reviews: Journal of Crop Science and Technology
Volume 4, Issue 2
ISSN: 2319-3395(online)
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ha-1
of N, P2O5 and K2O in the form of Urea,
Triple Super Phosphate and Muriate of Potash,
respectively. Gypsum and Zinc Sulphate were
also applied @ 60 kg ha-1
and 10 kg ha-1
,
respectively.
The entire amount of TSP, MP, Gypsum and
Zinc Sulphate was applied at final land
preparation. Urea was top dressed in three
equal splits at 15 days after transplanting
(DAT), tillering stage and panicle initiation
stage. Seedlings of 52 days old were uprooted
carefully from the nursery bed and were
transplanted on the well puddled experimental
plots on 24 January 2011 at the rate of 3-4
seedling hill-1
, maintained row and hill
distance of 25 cm 15 cm. Flood irrigation
was given to maintain a level of standing
water up to 2-4 cm until maximum tillering
stage and after that, a water level of 7-10 cm
was maintained up to grain filling stage and
then drained out of the field after milk stage.
The crop was harvested on 07 May 2011.
The harvested plants were tied into bundles
plot wise, then threshed, cleaned and dried in
the Agronomy Field Laboratory to record the
data on grain yield and straw yield. Prior to
harvest five hills per plot were selected
randomly (excluding border hills). They were
uprooted carefully, cleaned and tagged
properly. Data on different plant characters
were recorded from the five hills plot-1
and
yields were taken from plot-wise harvest and
eventually converted to t ha-1
.
The collected data were plant height, total
tillers hill-1
, effective tillers hill-1
, panicle
length, grains panicle-1
, 1000-grain weight,
grain yield and straw yield. The grain yield
was adjusted at 14% moisture level. The data
were analyzed statistically by using the
ANOVA technique. The mean difference was
adjudged by Duncans Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effect of Weeding Regime on Growth and
Yield Plant height was statistically affected by
weeding regime (Table 2). The tallest plant
(85.41 cm) was found from the plot with
weeding at 15 days interval which was
statistically similar with two times hand
weeding at 35 and 55 DAT treatment. Leaf
area (cm2) was significantly influenced by
weeding regime at all sampling dates (Table
3). The highest leaf area (371.35 cm2, 718.40
cm2, 954.00 cm
2 and 1601.53 cm
2 at 15 DAT,
30 DAT, 45 DAT and 60 DAT, respectively)
was found in weeding at 15 days interval
treatment. Total dry matter production was
significantly affected by weeding regimes at
all sampling dates (Table 3). The highest
amount of total dry matter production of plant
(9.61 g, 21.42 g, 44.92 g and 59.02 g, at 15
DAT, 30 DAT, 45 DAT and 60 DAT
respectively) was recorded from plants with 15
days interval weeding treatment. The number
of total tillers hill-1
was significantly affected
by weeding regime.
The highest number of total tillers hill-1
(14.40) was observed with weeding at 15 days
interval condition at maturity. On the other
hand, no weeding treatment produced the
lowest number of total tillers hill-1
as weed
growth was vigorous which offered severe
competition with rice plants in terms of
nutrient and space [17].
The number of the effective tillers hill-1
was
also statistically significant on weeding
regime. The maximum number of effective
tillers hill-1
(13.22) was obtained from plants
with 15 days interval weeding plot. On the
other hand, the lowest number of effective
tillers hill-1
was found in no weeding treatment.
Panicle length was not statistically influenced
by weeding regimes (Table 2). However,
numerically the highest panicle length (23.25
cm) was found from 15 days interval weeding
treatment. Number of filled grains panicle-1
affected significantly among different
treatment by weeding regime (Table 2).
The highest number of filled grains panicle-1
(121.12) were obtained from plants with 15
days interval weeding plot whereas lowest
number of filled grains panicle-1
(89.91) were
obtained from no weeding condition. Grain
yield of rice was significantly affected by
weeding regimes. The highest grain yield
(4.16 t ha-1
) was recorded from plants with 15
days interval weeding treatment and the lowest
(1.78 t ha-1
) from no weeding treatment. The
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highest grain yield may be favoured by crop
characters like effective tillers hill-1
, panicle
length and number of grains panicle-1
. This
result showed conformity with the findings of
another research [18]. Weeding regimes
exerted significant effect on straw yield. It also
followed more or less regular trend in response
to different weeding regimes, similar to grain
yield. The lowest straw yield (3.32 t ha-1
) was
recorded from no weeding treatment which
was increased with other weeding treatments
and reached the peak (4.86 t ha-1
) at 15 days
interval weeding treatment which was
statistically similar to Superhit 500EC @ 1.0 l
ha-1
and two times hand weeding at 35 DAT
and 55 DAT treatments. The highest straw
yield was found may be due to the tallest
plants and more number of tillers hill-1
[19].
Table 2: Effect of Weeding Regime on Growth and Yield Components of Rice.
Weeding regime Plant height
(cm)
Total tillers
hill-1
Effective tillers
hill-1 Panicle length (cm)
T1 84.00 11.87 9.81 22.28
T2 80.11 11.25 8.76 22.57
T3 84.95 11.99 8.67 23.00
T4 82.63 11.60 8.65 22.55
T5 84.75 12.90 9.42 22.18
T6 78.68 9.15 6.37 22.20
T7 85.41 14.40 13.22 23.25
T8 82.94 12.72 8.01 22.25
T9 80.66 12.83 7.88 22.48
T10 85.10 12.97 8.76 22.58
CV (%) 4.41 6.45 6.78 7.45
Level of sig * ** ** NS
Weeding regime Filled grains
panicle-1
1000-grain-weight
(g)
Grain yield
(t ha-1 )
Straw yield
(t ha-1)
T1 100.27 23.25 3.15 4.01
T2 96.39 23.28 2.93 3.63
T3 96.46 23.32 2.92 3.88
T4 97.14 23.13 3.24 3.94
T5 103.03 23.01 3.33 4.74
T6 89.91 22.79 1.78 3.32
T7 121.12 23.45 4.16 4.86
T8 100.72 23.27 3.32 4.30
T9 92.30 23.01 2.89 4.20
T10 103.01 23.37 3.27 4.57
CV (%) 3.45 3.47 4.52 6.22
Level of sig ** NS ** **
T1 = Refit 500EC, T2 = Sibafit 500EC, T3 = Rav 500EC, T4 = Ichlore 5G, T5 = Superhit 500EC, T6 = No weeding, T7 =
Weeding at 15 days interval, T8 = Weeding at 25 DAT, T9 = Weeding at 25 DAT and 45 DAT, T10 = Weeding at 35 DAT and
55 DAT, DAT = days after transplanting, *= significant at 5% level of probability, **= significant at 1% level of
probability, NS = Not significant.
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ISSN: 2319-3395(online)
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Table 3: Effect of Weeding Regime on Leaf Area (cm2) and Dry Matter (g hill
-1) at
Different Days after Transplanting of Rice.
Weeding regime Leaf area (cm2 )
15 DAT 30 DAT 45 DAT 60 DAT
T1 327.14 569.26 862.63 1248.44
T2 319.80 554.77 787.40 1328.41
T3 261.29 515.39 794.05 1384.97
T4 224.65 478.10 718.56 1557.78
T5 321.54 584.57 871.60 1518.93
T6 309.88 490.37 808.71 1359.42
T7 371.35 718.40 954.00 1601.53
T8 332.05 773.48 871.56 1511.28
T9 322.85 608.79 904.26 1518.49
T10 352.45 560.19 921.85 1499.48
CV (%) 17.41 13.76 10.59 10.17
Level of sig ** ** * **
Weeding regime Dry matter (g hill-1)
15 DAT 30 DAT 45 DAT 60 DAT
T1 5.94 11.28 34.85 47.75
T2 6.09 13.77 39.77 55.30
T3 6.59 17.45 41.11 55.71
T4 5.47 17.25 43.29 52.40
T5 6.96 16.72 41.26 52.72
T6 3.07 7.87 18.93 31.26
T7 9.61 21.42 44.92 59.02
T8 7.34 15.93 38.37 47.56
T9 5.42 10.86 31.02 41.53
T10 9.57 20.78 40.02 56.57
CV (%) 15.17 14.83 10.45 6.89
Level of sig ** ** ** **
T1 = Refit 500EC, T2 = Sibafit 500EC, T3 = Rav 500EC, T4 = Ichlore 5G, T5 = Superhit 500EC, T6 = No weeding, T7 =
Weeding at 15 days interval, T8 = Weeding at 25 DAT, T9 = Weeding at 25 DAT and 45 DAT, T10 = Weeding at 35 DAT and
55 DAT, DAT = days after transplanting, *= significant at 5% level of probability, **= significant at 1% level of
probability, NS = Not significant
EFFECT OF ROW DIRECTION ON
GROWTH AND YIELD Row direction did not influence plant height
significantly in rice (Table 4). However,
numerically taller plant (83.33 cm) was found
from East-West row direction. Row direction
had significant influence on leaf area (cm2) at
15 DAT, 30 DAT and 45 DAT except 60 DAT
(Table 5). It was observed that leaf area (cm2)
was increased progressively with advancement
of time and growth stages. However, the
higher leaf area was recorded (367.51 cm2,
630.16 cm2, 901.88 cm
2 and 1481.14cm
2 at 15
DAT, 30 DAT, 45 DAT and 60 DAT,
respectively) in East-West row orientation
might be because of capturing of more solar
radiation. Row direction had significant
influence on dry matter accumulation of plant
15 DAT, 30 DAT, 45 DAT and 60 DAT. It
was observed that dry matter accumulation of
plant was increased progressively with
advancement of time and growth stages (Table
5). The higher dry matter accumulation of
plant was recorded (8.00 g hill-1
, 16.33 g hill-1
,
38.58 g hill-1
, 49.51 g hill-1
at 15 DAT, 30
DAT, 45 DAT and 60 DAT, respectively) in
East-West row orientation might be because of
plant received adequate space, light, air, water
and nutrients for their proper growth. Row
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direction exhibited significant difference in
producing number of total tillers hill-1
. The
higher number of total tillers hill-1
(12.39) was
recorded in East-West than in North-South
row orientation might be due to capture more
solar radiation. The number of the effective
tillers hill-1
was statistically affected by row
direction. The higher number of effective
tillers hill-1
(9.18) was in East-West row
direction (Table 4). Panicle length was
statistically influenced by row direction (Table
4). The longer panicle (22.84 cm) was
produced in East-West row direction than
North-South direction (22.20 cm). The number
of filled grain was significantly influenced by
row direction (Table 4). It was observed that
higher number of filled grain panicle-1
(102.03) was obtained from East-West row
direction than in North-South row direction
(98.04). However, weight of thousand grains
was not statistically affected by the row
direction. Numerically higher thousand grain
weight (23.37 g) was found in East-West row
direction. Grain yield significantly influenced
by row direction (Table 4).
The higher grain yield (3.29 t ha-1
) was
obtained from East-West direction than in
North-South row direction (2.91 t ha-1
) which
was statistically significant. Various
researchers also reported the same [20,21].
Straw yield was not significantly affected by
the row arrangement (Table 3). However,
numerically the higher straw yield (4.20 t ha-1
)
was found in East-West row direction and the
lower straw yield (4.09 t ha-1
) was found in
North-South direction.
Table 4: Effect of Row Direction on Growth and Yield Components of Rice.
Row direction Plant height (cm) Total tillers hill-1 Effective tillers hill-1 Panicle length (cm)
S1 83.33 12.39 9.18 22.84
S2 82.52 11.95 8.73 22.20
CV (%) 4.41 6.45 6.78 7.45
Level of sig NS ** ** **
Row direction Filled grains panicle-1 1000-grain-weight (g) Grain yield(t ha-1 ) Straw yield (t ha-1)
S1 102.03 23.37 3.29 4.20
S2 98.04 22.95 2.91 4.09
CV (%) 3.45 3.47 4.52 6.22
Level of sig ** NS ** NS
S1 = East-West row direction, S2 = North-South row direction, NS = Not significant, ** = significant at 1% level of
probability, DAT = days after transplanting
Table 5: Effect of Row Direction on Leaf Area (cm2) and Dry Matter (g hill
-1) at Different Days
after Transplanting of Rice.
Row direction Leaf area (cm2 )
15 DAT 30 DAT 45 DAT 60 DAT
S1 367.51 630.16 901.88 1481.14
S2 261.09 540.55 838.55 1424.61
CV (%) 17.41 13.76 10.59 10.17
Level of sig ** ** * NS
Row direction Dry matter (g hill-1)
15 DAT 30 DAT 45 DAT 60 DAT
S1 8.00 16.33 38.58 49.51
S2 5.21 14.34 36.13 48.45
CV (%) 15.17 14.83 10.45 6.89
Level of sig ** ** ** **
S1 = East-West row direction, S2 = North-South row direction, NS = Not significant, *= significant at 5% level of
probability, ** = significant at 1% level of probability, DAT = days after transplanting
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Research & Reviews: Journal of Crop Science and Technology
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ISSN: 2319-3395(online)
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INTERACTION OF WEEDING
REGIME AND ROW DIRECTION ON
GROWTH AND YIELD The interaction effect of weeding regime and
row direction on plant height was statistically
significant (Table 6). The highest plant height
(88.70 cm) was observed in interaction of
weeding at 15 days interval and East-West row
direction at maturity. Interaction of weeding
regime and row direction for leaf area (cm2)
was significantly influenced at all sampling
dates except 60 DAT (Table 7). The highest
leaf area (464.94 cm2) at 15 DAT was found in
interaction of weeding at 15 days interval and
East-West row direction. At 30 DAT, the
highest leaf area (804.46 cm2) was observed in
interaction of weeding between 25 DAT and
45 DAT and East-West row direction. At 45
DAT, The highest leaf area (1097.24 cm2) was
observed in interaction of weeding at 15 days
interval and East-West row direction treatment
combination. Numerically, the highest leaf
area (1661.28 cm2) at 60 DAT was found in
interaction of weeding at 15 days interval and
East-West row direction which was
statistically insignificant. Interaction of
weeding regime and row direction for total dry
matter production was also significantly
affected at all sampling dates except 60 DAT
(Table 7). The highest amount of total dry
matter production (12.49 g) at 15 DAT was
found in interaction of weeding at 15 days
interval and East-West row direction treatment
combination. At 30 DAT, The highest amount
of total dry matter production (22.40 g) was
found in interaction of weeding between 25
DAT and 45 DAT and East-West row
direction which was statistically similar with
interaction of weeding at 15 days interval and
North-South row direction treatment
combination. At 60 DAT, The highest amount
of total dry matter production (63.88 g) was
found in interaction of weeding at 15 days
interval and East-West row direction.
Interaction of weeding regime and row
direction exhibited significant influence on
number of total tillers hill-1
of rice (Table 6).
Table 6: Interaction Effect of Weeding Regime and Row Direction on Growth and
Yield Components of Rice.
Interaction Plant height (cm) Total tiller hill-1 Effective tiller hill-1 Panicle length (cm)
S1T1 85.31 11.24 10.27 23.67
S1T2 82.77 11.90 8.57 23.10
S1T3 81.20 11.67 8.44 22.27
S1T4 82.73 11.53 8.65 22.77
S1T5 86.57 13.43 10.13 22.83
S1T6 83.89 9.86 6.34 23.18
S1T7 88.70 14.79 13.83 23.87
S1T8 82.27 12.94 8.12 21.40
S1T9 79.38 13.22 8.30 23.55
S1T10 85.55 13.31 9.13 23.83
S2T1 85.55 12.51 9.35 22.83
S2T2 77.45 10.61 8.95 22.03
S2T3 83.64 12.32 8.91 21.87
S2T4 82.53 11.67 8.64 22.33
S2T5 82.93 12.37 8.71 21.53
S2T6 73.47 8.44 6.40 22.17
S2T7 84.36 14.00 12.61 21.40
S2T8 83.61 12.55 7.90 23.00
S2T9 81.94 12.43 7.45 21.47
S2T10 84.70 12.62 8.38 21.33
CV (%) 4.41 6.45 6.78 7.45
Level of sig * ** ** NS
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Table 6: (Contd).
Interaction Filled grain panicle-1 1000-grain-weight (g) Grain yield (t ha-1 ) Straw yield (t ha-1)
S1T1 105.43 23.62 3.25 4.12
S1T2 100.45 23.41 3.26 4.05
S1T3 97.26 23.36 3.10 4.08
S1T4 99.17 23.51 3.15 4.00
S1T5 102.46 23.31 3.86 4.97
S1T6 85.40 22.88 1.94 3.46
S1T7 125.65 23.86 4.46 5.06
S1T8 102.19 23.07 3.22 4.03
S1T9 97.07 23.55 3.25 3.86
S1T10 105.20 23.14 3.37 4.32
S2T1 95.11 23.28 3.05 3.90
S2T2 92.33 23.14 2.60 3.22
S2T3 95.65 23.27 2.74 3.67
S2T4 95.10 22.74 3.32 3.87
S2T5 103.61 22.70 2.79 4.55
S2T6 94.41 22.71 1.61 3.17
S2T7 116.58 22.75 3.85 4.66
S2T8 99.24 23.47 3.41 4.56
S2T9 87.53 22.52 2.53 4.54
S2T10 100.82 22.87 3.17 4.81
CV (%) 3.45 3.47 4.52 6.22
Level of sig NS NS ** NS
S1 = East-West direction, S2 = North-South direction, T1 = Refit 500EC, T2 = Sibafit 500EC, T3 = Rav 500EC, T4 = Ichlore
5G, T5 = Superhit 500EC, T6 = No weeding, T7 = Weeding at 15 days interval, T8 = Weeding at 25 DAT, T9 = Weeding at
25 DAT and 45 DAT, T10 = Weeding at 35 DAT and 55 DAT, DAT = days after transplanting, *= significant at 5% level of
probability, **= significant at 1% level of probability
The highest number of total tillers hill-1
(14.79) was observed in interaction of weeding
at 15 days interval and East-West row
direction which was significantly superior to
that of any other interactions. Number of
effective tillers hill-1
varied significantly due to
the interaction of weeding regime and row
direction (Table 6). The highest number of
effective tillers hill-1
(13.83) was observed in
interaction of weeding at 15 days interval and
East-West row direction. Interaction of
weeding regime and row direction had no
significant influence on panicle length,
number of filled grain and weight of thousand
grains (Table 6). Panicle growth and
development was mainly controlled by gene
not by the environment [22]. Interaction of
weeding regime and row direction had
significant influence on grain yield of rice.
The highest grain yield (4.46 t ha-1
) was
observed in interaction of weeding at 15 days
interval and East-West row direction. The
interaction of weeding regime and row
direction did not show any significant
influence on straw yield.
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Research & Reviews: Journal of Crop Science and Technology
Volume 4, Issue 2
ISSN: 2319-3395(online)
RRJoCST (2015) 1-11 STM Journals 2015. All Rights Reserved Page 9
Table 7: Interaction Effect of Weeding Regime and Row Direction on Leaf Area (cm2) and
Dry Matter (g hill-1
) at Different Days after Transplant of Rice.
Interaction Leaf area (cm2 )
15 DAT 30 DAT 45 DAT 60 DAT
S1T1 402.63 709.88 835.53 1229.80
S1T2 389.47 606.55 799.00 1355.65
S1T3 327.43 514.07 796.99 1355.49
S1T4 192.95 464.24 923.67 1614.69
S1T5 300.17 590.14 787.90 1601.63
S1T6 363.82 506.36 975.29 1321.95
S1T7 464.94 667.39 1097.24 1661.28
S1T8 410.09 778.28 828.95 1540.65
S1T9 406.20 804.46 895.58 1490.92
S1T10 417.41 660.23 1078.62 1639.29
S2T1 251.66 428.63 889.72 1267.08
S2T2 250.13 349.66 775.40 1301.16
S2T3 195.16 516.71 791.11 1414.44
S2T4 256.35 645.30 984.34 1500.87
S2T5 342.90 578.99 955.30 1601.43
S2T6 255.94 474.37 642.12 1396.88
S2T7 235.61 550.19 755.30 1376.57
S2T8 199.15 768.67 914.16 1481.91
S2T9 336.49 632.34 912.94 1546.07
S2T10 287.49 460.15 765.09 1359.66
CV (%) 17.41 13.76 10.59 10.17
Level of sig ** ** ** NS
Table 7: (Contd)
Interaction Dry matter (g hill-1 )
15 DAT 30 DAT 45 DAT 60 DAT
S1T1 6.47 9.18 39.55 49.96
S1T2 5.75 15.31 43.86 53.58
S1T3 5.55 21.20 41.73 51.47
S1T4 6.24 19.72 42.98 51.28
S1T5 8.35 17.33 40.66 50.06
S1T6 3.32 8.5 17.50 30.49
S1T7 12.49 21.08 45.25 63.88
S1T8 10.58 15.77 39.68 45.84
S1T9 8.35 22.04 30.94 42.15
S1T10 12.86 18.12 43.65 56.41
S2T1 5.41 13.39 30.15 45.55
S2T2 6.42 12.23 35.67 47.01
S2T3 7.63 13.70 40.50 49.95
S2T4 4.70 14.78 43.61 53.53
S2T5 5.57 16.11 41.87 55.39
S2T6 2.82 7.24 20.35 32.03
S2T7 6.74 21.76 44.60 54.15
S2T8 4.11 16.09 37.06 49.27
S2T9 2.48 8.59 31.11 40.92
S2T10 6.27 19.52 36.38 56.74
CV (%) 15.17 14.83 10.45 6.89
Level of sig ** ** NS **
S1 = East-West direction, S2 = North-South direction, T1 = Refit 500EC, T2 = Sibafit 500EC, T3 = Rav 500EC, T4 = Ichlore
5G, T5 = Superhit 500EC, T6 = No weeding, T7 = Weeding at 15 days interval, T8 = Weeding at 25 DAT, T9 = Weeding at
25 DAT and 45 DAT, T10 = Weeding at 35 DAT and 55 DAT, DAT = days after transplanting, **= significant at 1% level of
probability
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Effect of Weeding Regime and Row Direction on Rice Alam et al.
RRJoCST (2015) 1-11 STM Journals 2015. All Rights Reserved Page 10
From the above results and discussion it is
revealed that weeding regime and row
direction had significant influence on growth
and yield of rice either alone or in
combination. Individually weeding at 15 days
interval and East-West row direction
performed the best in terms of grain yield.
Similarly, when the interaction of the two
factors were considered, weeding at 15 days
interval and East-West row direction
combination reflected the highest grain yields
compared to that of any other interactions.
CONCLUSION Based on the results of the study, it may be
concluded that weeding at 15 days interval in
East-West planting direction is the best among
the treatments regarding growth, yield and
yield attributes of rice under the AEZ-9 in
boro (dry) season in Bangladesh.
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Cite this Article MA Alam, MMH Tipu, MM I
Chowdhury, et al. Effect of Weeding
Regime and Row Direction on Growth
and Yield of Rice in Bangladesh.
Research & Reviews: Journal of Crop
Science and Technology. 2015. 4(2):
111p.