electrical interconnection between turkey and europe problems and solutions 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Harald Weber: Head of the Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, University of Rostock, Germany (e-mail: [email protected]) Ibrahim A. Nassar: Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, University of Rostock, Germany (e-mail: ibrahim.nassar@ uni-rostock.de)
th13 Middle East Power Systems Conference, MEPCON’2009, Assuit University, Egypt, December 20-23, 2009 UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
"Electrical Interconnection between Turkey and Europe: Problems and Solutions"
Prof. Dr.-Eng. Harald Weber M.Sc. Eng. Ibrahim Nassar
Post address: Resid.: Phone: Fax: e-mail: Editor: e-mail: Homepage:
University of Rostock, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,D-18059 Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 2 (0381) 498- (0381) 498-7101 (0381) 498-7102 [email protected] Ibrahim Nassar [email protected] http://www.e-technik.uni-rostock.de/ee/
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Table of Content
Introduction................................................................................................................................3 General Information...................................................................................................................3 Overall Objective and Project Purpose......................................................................................3 Activities of the Project .............................................................................................................4 Objectives and Contributions of the Task 2 and Task 3............................................................5 Objectives and Methodology of Stability Studies of Task 4 .....................................................5 System Modeling .......................................................................................................................5
1-Turkish Network……………………………………………………………………..…...5 •Modeling of static data (network data) of the Turkish Power System………………….5 •Dynamic Model of the Turkish Power System…………………………………………5
2-UCTE Network (simplified dynamic model , 82 nodes )………………………………...6 3-Interface Turkey - UCTE……………………………………………...………………….7
WAMS in the Turkish Power System .......................................................................................7 Simulation and Measurements (Task2 and Task3)....................................................................8
1-Island Mode…………………………………………………..…………………………...8 •Outage of Temelli GPP (730MW) at 27/09/2009………………………………………8 •Trumpet Curve Samples in 27 of September 2009……………………………………..8 •Output Power of all Plants(GPPs,TPPs and TPPs)……………………………………..8
2-Interconnected Mode………………………………………………………………………9 •Outage of Can TPP (288 MW)………………………………………………………….9 •Load behavior (20 second/sample) at 16 June 2009……………………………………9
Simulation and Measurements (Task 4) ..................................................................................10 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………10 Reference. ..............................................................................................................................111
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Introduction The main scope of this work is to study “Improvements of Primary and Secondary
Control of the Turkish Power System for Interconnection with the European “Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity” (UCTE) System. This topic covers two applications of primary and secondary control performance.
The objective of primary control is to maintain a balance between generation and consumption (demand) within the synchronous area, using turbine governors. Primary control starts within seconds.
Secondary control replaces primary control after minutes by the responsible partner .Secondary control maintains a balance between generation and consumption (demand) within each control area as well as the system frequency within the synchronous area and the exchange power, taking into account the control program, without impairing the Primary control that is operated in the synchronous area in parallel.
Secondary control makes use of a centralised and continuous automatic generation control (AGC), modifying the active power set points / adjustments of generation sets / controllable load in the time-frame of seconds up to typically 15 minutes after an incident. Secondary control is based on secondary control reserves that are under automatic control.
This project concerns the classical stability problems “Small Signal Stability (Rotor Stability)", which are the most important stability problems regarding the possible future parallel operation of the Turkish Power System with UCTE.
Small Signal Stability (or Rotor Stability) means the absence of increasing inter-area oscillations between the generators of the European and Turkish Power System.
This work is the result of an intensive joint collaboration of the power system operators who are directly concerned with the extension of the UCTE interconnected system by the power system of Turkey.
General Information Title of the Project: Rehabilitation of the frequency control Performance of the Turkish Power System for synchronous Operation with UCTE Sector : Energy Location: The Republic of Turkey Implementing Agency: Central Finance and Contracts Unit (CFCU). Beneficiary: Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources Overall Cost: 2,500,000 € EU Contribution: 2,500,000 € Overall Objective and Project Purpose Overall Objectives: The overall objective is to fully integrate the Turkish Electricity Market to the EU Internal Electricity Market. Purpose of the Project: Turkish Power System is prepared for future parallel operation with UCTE regarding power and frequency control, steady state and transient stability. Static Studies: Concerning the Static Studies the objective is to:
Investigate (in terms of static security considering standard security rules) technical feasibility of the interconnection of the Turkish system to UCTE by three 400 kV lines, two lines between Hamitabat (Turkey) – Maritsa (Bulgaria) and one line between N.Santa (Greece) and Babaeski (Turkey to be committed later, the topological situation right after the connection of Turkey. Figure 1 illustrates the systems modelled for the purpose of the study. Calculate the maximum allowable total Import-Export between Turkey and Southeast European countries using load flow and small signal stability analysis.
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Activities of the Project
Task Process Aim Process Steps Responsibility 1 Survey of Power
Plants’ Control Systems
Review/Inventory of technical data of larger power plants Analysis of current control systems (AVR, PSS, Turbine
Governors) Report
TEIAS, Manufacturer, Tübitiak, EUAS
AVR/PSS: Manufacturer, ESO (NEK)
HPP governor: Manufacturer, ESO (NEK), University of Rostock, SwissGrid, Tübitiak
TPP/NGCPP governor: Manufacturer, ESO (NEK), RWE TSO
2,3 Accomplishment of stable Frequency Control
Primary Control Performance A Determination of Test Procedures/Performance Criteria B Current Individual Unit Performance for specified
operating conditions (Practical tests/Analytical consideration)
Control Modes/Structures Contribution in Primary Control etc.
C Determination of requirements for Stability of Frequency Control(30 seconds oscillation)
D Comparison C with B Catalogue of Measures
Secondary Control Performance A Analysis of current design and control performance B Catalogue of Measures C Implementation +Test
RWE TSO, SwissGrid, ESO
(NEK) EUAS, Manufacture,
Tübitiak, (RWE TSO, SwissGrid, University of Rostock), ESO(NEK)
University Rostock,
Manufacturer, University of Rostock, RWE TSO, SwissGrid, EUAS
TEIAS, SwissGrid,
University of Rostock, ESO (NEK)
4 Improvement of Small Signal Stability (Damping of inter-area oscillations)
Voltage Control and PSS A Determination of Test Procedures B Current Individual Unit Performance for specified
operating conditions (Practical/Analytical) C Determination of requirements for voltage control and
damping performance
D Comparison C with B Catalogue of Measures (e.g. Modification of existing voltage controllers/ implementation of PSS, Tuning Studies, Interaction of PSS with governors
E Analytical Validation (Eigenvalue Analysis) Turbine Governors (HPP)
A Influence of governors on 7 second inter area oscillations
B Determination of requirements to mitigate negative effects on damping performance
C Comparison with Frequency Control Requirements D Catalogue of Measures E Implementation +Test
FACTS (SVC and STATCOM)
Manufacturers, University,
ESO (NEK) Manufacturers, University of
Varna
Manufacturers, University of Varna, ESO (NEK)
RWE TSO
University of Rostock
EUAS, Manufacturer, Tübitiak, (RWE TSO, SwissGrid, University of Rostock), ESO(NEK)
University of Rostock
5 Elaboration of System Protection Schemes
SPS Within Turkish Power System (Phase 1) A Basic Principles and Settings
SPS Interface Turkey / UCTE (Phase 2) A Principle and Settings/Criteria for system separation
Analytical Validation (Simulation) Implementation Restoration Plan Elaboration
TEIAS
ESO (NEK)
RWE TSO
TEIAS 6 Training UCTE Operational Handbook
Market rules / congestion management RTE
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Objectives and Contributions of the Task 2 and Task 3 The main objectives of this work are to:
1) Design of governor control and parameter optimization to prevent slow frequency oscillations generated by the governors, see measurements of Fig. 5 and 6.
2) Develop of Phasor Study Method 3) Coordinated Design
• Isolated Turkish System
The investigation objective of isolated Turkish system is to stability of the overall frequency control for normal and disturbed conditions
• Parallel operation with UCTE
The investigation objective of isolated parallel operation with UCTE is to meet the UCTE requirements regarding the frequency control quality.
4) Compare the results obtained using the simulation with the measurements Objectives and Methodology of Stability Studies of Task 4
The scope of this study is related to the field about system security, which deals with the ability of the power system to withstand disturbances by maintaining its function without violation of technical limits. The stability analysis deals with the system security under consideration of the dynamic characteristics of the power system, which are classified according to various relevant physical phenomena. This project concerns the classical stability problem “Small Signal Stability” , which are the most important stability problems regarding the possible future parallel operation of the Turkish Power System with UCTE.
System Modeling 1- Turkish Network
• Modeling of static data (network data) of the Turkish Power System The static network data were converted from the PSS/E (Egypt used this program) software to the DIGSILENT software (Digital Simulation and Electrical Network calculation), Total Generation [MW] 30000 MW Number of Nodes 1556 Number of Lines 1343 Number of Loads 701 Number of Transformers 806 Compensation Elements 28 Total Number of Machines 690
• Dynamic Model of the Turkish Power System Collection of dynamic data (Figure 2)
detailed synchronous machine models speed governor and turbine control, automatic voltage regulators (AVR), power system stabilizer (PSS).
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Figure 1: Interconnected systems in Europe
Figure 2: Turkish Network
2- UCTE Network (simplified dynamic model , 82 nodes )
Figure 3: UCTE Network
BERK
KANGA
HAMITABA
YENIKO
BURS
GEBZ
ADAPAZA
TEMELLALIAG
KEMERKO
YATAGA
AMBRAL
SOM SEYITOME CAYIRHA
ELBISTA
ISKENDERU
OYMAPINA
ALTINKAY
HASAUGURL
KEBA
KARAKAY
ATATÜR
BIRECI
Gas power
Thermal power
Hydro power
61088
61328
61320
61288
61274
61314
61286
61206
61210
61147
61122
61103
61068
61025
61031
61028
60983
6100560944
60911
60893
60885
60856
60775
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3- Interface Turkey - UCTE
Figure 4: Interface Turkey – UCTE
WAMS in the Turkish Power System The Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) show a systematic frequency control
problem within the Turkish Power System see figures 5 and 6.
• WAMS-recording - Friday, 2006-05-12; 19:12
Figure 5: frequency of Turkey 2006
• WAMS-recording Sincan (TR), 2007-01-08 16:00
Figure 6: frequency of Turkey 2007
49,875
49,900
49,925
49,950
49,975
50,000
50,025
50,050
50,075
50,100
50,125
19:11:00 19:11:30 19:12:00 19:12:30 19:13:00 19:13:30 19:14:00 19:14:30 19:15:00
f [Hz] frequency: Keban (TR)
oscillation period ≈ 23
Δf ≈ 210 mHz
250 mHz
N =6000 ΔT =20msec. TFenster=120sec. Δf =8,3mHz
f≈ 50 mHz T≈ 20 sec.
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Simulation and Measurements (Task2 and Task3) 1) Island Mode
• Outage of Temelli GPP (730MW) at 27/09/2009
0 200 400 600 800 1000 120049.5
49.59
49.7
49.8
49.9
50
50.1
50.2
50.3
Frequency(Hz)
time
Low load (16180 MW) and the Outage of Temelli (730 MW) at 27-09-2009
MeasurementSimulation
Figure 7: Island mode
• Trumpet Curve Samples in 27 of September 2009
0 200 400 600 800 1000 120049.5
49.59
49.7
49.8
49.9
50
50.1
50.2
50.3
49.53
50.47
50.02
49.98
Freq
uenc
y(Hz)
time
Low load (16180 MW) and the Outage of Temelli (730 MW) at 27-09-2009
MeasurementSimulation
Trumpet Curve=H(t)=F0 -/+ A * exp(-t /T)
F2
d
Figure 8: Trumpet Curve
• Output Power of all Plants(GPPs,TPPs and TPPs)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12001.54
1.56
1.58
1.6
1.62x 104
All Pow
er P
lant
s
time
Output Power of all PPs, HPPs, GPPs and TPPs(Low load)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200700
750
800
850
900
All HPPs
time
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12008000
8100
8200
8300
All GPPs
time
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12006600
6800
7000
7200
7400
All TP
Ps
time
Figure 9: Output Power
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2) Interconnected Mode
• Outage of Can TPP (288 MW)
Figure 10: interconnected mode
• Load behavior (20 second/sample) at 16 June 2009
Figure 11: interconnected mode (Load behavior)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 90049.99
49.995
50
50.005
50.01
50.015
Freq
uenc
y(H
z)
time
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0
230
-230
160
Exc
hang
e P
ower
(MW
)
time
Pexchange (Turkey)Pexchange (UCTE)
75/.5 1480 MW/Hz
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 90024.150
24.300
24.500
24218
24.600
24.800
24419
24745
Plo
ad(M
W)
time
Load Behaior (20 second /sample) measured at 16th of June 2009
Load
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
49.99
49.995
50Fr
eque
ncy
time
Outage of Can TPP (288 MW)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300264
-264
Exc
hang
e P
ower
(MW
)
time
Pexchange(UCTE)Pexchange(Turkey)
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Simulation and Measurements (Task 4)
• Case 1: Summer (July) Day, UCTE (345 GW), Turkey (29 GW).
Figure 12: interconnected mode
• Case 2: Summer (July) Night, UCTE (232 GW), Turkey (18 GW).
Figure 13: interconnected mode
50.40.30.20.10.00.0 [s]
50.00
49.99
49.98
49.97
49.95
49.9450.40.30.20.10.00.0 [s]
50.00
49.99
49.98
49.97
49.95
49.9450.40.30.20.10.00.0 [s]
50.01
49.99
49.98
49.96
49.95
49.94
50.40.30.20.10.00.0 [s]
50.01
49.99
49.98
49.96
49.95
49.9350.40.30.20.10.00.0 [s]
50.01
49.99
49.98
49.96
49.95
49.93
Green:Normal case with old Parameters for PSSand recent SVCs
Red: New SVCs with additional frequency signalincluded SVC near of the biggest Load
Brown: New SVCs with additional frequency signalwithout SVC near of the biggest Load
Blau:New Parameters for PSS from bulgarian sideand recent SVCs[Unimar, Temeli, Adapazari, Gebze & Aliaga]
UCTE: 232 GW , Turkey: 18 GW
EXP: 0 MW
EXP: 1600 MWEXP: 1200 MW
EXP: 800 MWEXP: 400 MW
UR Case : in Sommer (Min Load of UCTE and Min Load of Turkey)(Night) Frequenz_an Bord
Blackout in Spain
Date: 9/15/2009
Annex: /5
DIg
SILE
NT
50.40.30.20.10.00.0 [s]
50.00
49.99
49.98
49.97
49.96
49.9450.40.30.20.10.00.0 [s]
50.00
49.99
49.98
49.97
49.96
49.9450.40.30.20.10.00.0 [s]
50.00
49.99
49.98
49.97
49.96
49.94
50.40.30.20.10.00.0 [s]
50.00
49.99
49.98
49.97
49.96
49.9450.40.30.20.10.00.0 [s]
50.00
49.99
49.98
49.97
49.96
49.94
EXP:0 MW EXP:400 MW
EXP:1600 MWEXP:1200 MW
EXP:800 MW
Green:Normal case with old Parameters for PSSand recent SVCs
Red: New SVCs with additional frequency signalincluded SVC near of the biggest Load
Brown: New SVCs with additional frequency signalwithout SVC near of the biggest Load
Blau:New Parameters for PSS from bulgarian sideand recent SVCs[Unimar, Temeli, Adapazari, Gebze & Aliaga]
UCTE: 345 GW , Turkey: 29 GW
UR Case : in Sommer (Max Load of UCTE and Max Load of Turkey)(Day) Frequenz_an Bord
Blackout in Spain
Date: 9/15/2009
Annex: /3
DIg
SILE
NT
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Conclusion
All the models were created using MATLAB / SIMULINK software for Task 2 and Task3.
All the models were created using DIGSILENT software (Digital Simulation and
Electrical Network calculation) for Task 4. As a results the set of control parameters were reached taking into account:
The requirements for UCTE, The Turkish system stable in island operation (30 seconds oscillations) The requirements peculiar to Turkish Power System before and after interconnection, The Turkish system stable with optimization parameters of Power System Stabilizer
(PSS) of power plants (Gebze, Aliaga, Adapazari and Temelli) (7 seconds inter-area oscillations oscillations).
By used the new Static VAR compensator (SVC) with additional frequency signal which led to the Turkish system stable.
References 1. UCTE Operation Handbook – Policy 1: Load-Frequency Control - Final Version
(approved by Study Committee on 19 March 2009) 2. Final Report “Complementary Technical Studies for the Synchronization of the
Turkish Power System with the UCTE Power System”, 31/05/2007 3. UCTE Operation Handbook – Appendix 1: Load-Frequency Control … (final 1.9 E,
16.06.2004) 4. Policy 1 – Load-Frequency Control and Performance (Preliminary v. 1.2, draft,
03.10.2002) 5. UCTE Transmission Development Plan, Edition 2008, www.ucte.org
BIOGRAPHIES
Harald Weber was born 1954 in Heidenheim, Germany. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from
University of Stuttgart in1990. He has worked in EGL Elektrizitats Gesellschaft Laufenburg AG. Currently he is a professor at the University of Rostock, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and head of the Institute of Electrical Power Engineering. He is also IFAC Chairman of TC on "Power Plants and Power Systems".
Ibrahim A. Nassar (1976) was born in El-Beheria, Egypt. He received the B.Sc. and M.Sc.
degrees in electrical engineering from Al Azhar University, Egypt in 1999 and 2004, respectively. Since 2001, he has been with the Power Engineering and Electrical Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Al Azhar, Egypt. He started his Ph.D. in the University of Rostock, Germany in 2007 supported by an Egyptian government scholarship.