ELECTRICAL SYSTEMSElectrical TerminologiesSystem Components

References:Philippine Electrical CodeNational Building CodeGraphics Standards

Electricityphenomenon; manifestationPrincipally made up of atoms (electron, proton, neutron)2 General Classes: Dynamic and Static

ELECTRIC CURRENT flow in an electric circuit (amperes)Classifications: Direct Current (DC)/Alternating Current (AC)Amperes: UnitAmperage: CurrentAmpacity: Current-carrying capacity (w/o undue heating)

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT path for electric current w/ EMF appliedElectromotive Force (EMF) force which causes movement of electricity in a conductorCircuit Diagram electrical layoutClose Circuit complete; continuous pathOpen Circuit broken, incomplete, disconnected

Two Types: Parallel/Series

Short Circuit: bridgingShunt: circuit branching

ELECTRIC CURRENT CLASSIFICATION DIRECT CURRENTFlows in one direction (- to +)Battery/dry cell2 types of DC: continuous/pulsating (fluctuating)ALTERNATING CURRENTReverses in directionFrequency: 60 cps (60 Hertz)Phase: SP/3P240VAC, 60Hz, SP

COMPARISON: DC & AC

OHMs LAW relationship of EMF, Current, ResistanceFormula: I = V/RV=IR R=V/II=Current (Amperes)V=EMF (Volts)R=Resistance (Ohms)

Voltage (Volts) pressure or force; VoltmeterAmperes (Amps) inherent in wires (conductor); AmmeterOhms friction; inherent in insulator/Ohmmeter

Other Electrical TerminologiesDEVICE does not consume electricityWATT rate of power; power consumption; heat volts + ampereWatt Meter any one timeWatt-Hour Meter periodic; KWH Meter/Electricity MeterALTERNATOR AC generatorGENERATOR M.E to E.E.MOTOR E.E. to M.E.BATTERY electrochemical; electrolysisPrimary nonrenewableSecondary - rechargeable

SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF BUILDING3 CATEGORIES1. Wirings and RacewaysConductors offers low resistanceInsulators prevents flow of electric currentRaceways - channel2. Power Handling Equipmenttransformer, switchboard/switchgear, panelboard, service switch, circuit breakers/fuse3. Utilization Equipment actual useFixturesSwitchesConvenience Outlets

WIRES AND CABLESFMC/MC/AC BX; flexibleNMC/NM ROMEX; sheatGENERAL WIRING: THERMOPLASTIC (PEC)MI jacketedSNM telecommunication/submarine cableSE/USE aerial/undergroundUF direct burial to groundTC open wireway/support/trayFC system furniture application/cable managementFCC general purposeBUSBAR: Busway, BusductCABLEBUS; rounded

RACEWAYSFloor Racewayunderfloor raceway conventional installationcellular metal floor raceway rib decking/raised floor systemcellular concrete floor raceways T-joist/ precast concrete slab with built in pipesCeiling RacewayPower and Control Tray Cable (TC)BusbarCablebus

POWER HANDLING EQUIPMENTSTRANSFORMER voltage to voltageOutdoor TransformersH-frame 1000 kvaCluster mounted 225 kvaPad mounted 120V to 240VIndoor TransformersDry Type pad mounted; switchboardAskarel synthetic non-flammable liquidOil-insulated for transformer vaultTransformer Rating: stepped up/stepped down

POWER HANDLING EQUIPMENTSSWITCHBOARD/SWITCHGEAR free standing assemblies of switches, fuses/circuit breakersUnit Substations (Transformer Load Center) large facilityPANELBOARD final distribution point; PP/LPMain PanelboardDistribution PanelboardSERVICE SWITCH large switchdisconnecting apparatusservice disconnecting meansapplied on apartments: meter banks

POWER HANDLING EQUIPMENTS4.CIRCUIT PROTECTIVE DEVICES overload/short circuitFUSE alloy link or wire; fusible link; nonrenewablePlug Fuse dwelling (5-30 amps)Cartridge Fuse (5-60 amps)Knife Blade Fuse (61-600 amps); DE/SE

CIRCUIT BREAKERS electromechanical deviceThermal Pigtail (Copper) senses heatMagnetic Pigtail (Copper) senses load

UTILIZATON EQUIPMENTFIXTURES/LUMINAIRESIncandescent Lamp/Bulb filament Fluorescent Lamp/Tube cathodeCONDUITS/FITTINGS/CONDULETSBRANCH CIRCUITSELECTRICAL BOXESPLATESLighting OutletsReceptacle/Convenience Outlets

FIXTURES/LUMINAIRESINCANDESCENT BULBFilamentGasLead-in-wiresStem PressExhaust TubeBaseFuse

8. Mica Disc9. Button Rod10. Button11. Support Wires12. Soft Glass Hard Glass Inside frosted white silica

FIXTURES/LUMINAIRESFLUORESCENT LAMPCylindrical Glass Tube phosphor Cathode argon and low pressure mercury vaporBallast limits currentStarter - switch

TYPES:Pre-Heat Starting - CFLInstant Start (Slimline) w/o a starterRapid Start bi-pins

CONDUITSpipes, tubings (electrical raceway)Materials (Metallic or Nonmetallic)MakeRigid Metal (RSC, EMT)Flexible Metal (BX)Rigid Nonmetal (Plastic, etc.)Flexible Nonmetal (Plastic, etc.)CONDULETS/UNILETS (Conduit Fittings)Straight and angle couplingsElbow FittingsTee and Cross connections

ConduletsF standard outlet box fittingsSE Service EntranceL Elbow or Turn FittingsC Through FittingsT Through Fittings w/ 90 take offE end of run to types of motors, transformers, equipmentsLL/LR - 90 turns where mounting is not suitable for LBLB when run of conduit comes must run thru wall/ceiling

ELECTRICAL BOXESOutlet Box cable endsUtility Box outlets, switchesPull Box facilitates pullingJunction Box joining, splicingCut-out Box metal boxOUTLETSLighting Outlet Single Gang, Two Gang, Three gang (PLATE)Convenience Outlet Receptacle OutletDuplex Convenience Outlet/Single Convenience OutletFM Flash mountedSM Surface mounted