Electricity Generation, Distribution and Supply in

IrelandBob HannaSEI

24 September 2003

Electricity Generation, Distribution and Supply in Ireland

• How much electricity is generated?

• Fuel mix for generation

• Structure of the electricity supply system

• Generating Stations

• Efficiency

• Suppliers

• Emissions

How Much Electricity is Generated?

• Installed Capacity is about 4,700 MW

• Peak Demand over 4,000 MW

• Instantaneous Power varies between 1,200

MW and 4,000 MW

• Electricity Generated per annum c. 22 TWh

(22,000 GWh)

Generation Fuel Mix

Generation Fuel Mix

ESB Power Stations - Thermal

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

West

Station Capacity (MW) Fuel Type

Bellacorick 40 PeatShannonbridge 125 PeatLanesboro 85 PeatMoneypoint 915 CoalGreat Island 240 OilMarina 115 GasAghada 525 GasPoolbeg 1,020 Gas/OilTarbert 620 OilNorth Wall 266 Gas/Oil

ESB Power Stations - Hydro

Station Capacity (MW)

Ardnacrusha 86Pollaphuca 30Golden Falls 4Leixlip 4Carrigadrohid 8Inniscarra 19Cliff 20Cathleen's Falls 45Clady 4Turlough Hill (pumped storage) 292

Independent Power Producers

•Edenderry Power 120 MW Peat

•Synergen 400 MW Gas

•Huntstown 343 MWGas

Generation Market Shares 2005

ESB

Viridian/NIE

Others/Independents60%

18%

22%

Forecast All-Ireland Generation 2005

Participant Installed Capacity

(MW)

Proportion of Total

(%) ESB Power Gen (RoI) 4394 50.7 Renewables/CHP/SSG (RoI) 920 10.6 NIE contracted capacity (NI) 1614 18.7 Synergen (RoI) 400 4.6 Huntstown (RoI) 283 3.3 Dungarven (RoI) 110 1.3 Capacity released from NIE contracts (NI)

77 0.9

New Entrant (NI) 400 4.6 Uncontracted Moyle Interconnector (NI)

350 4

Other uncontracted (NI) 110.5 1.3 Total 8658.5 100%

NORTHERNIRELAND

TARBERT

DUNMANWAY

RAFFEEN

CARRICK-ON-SHANNON

TURLOUGHHILL

CARRICKMINES

FASSAROE

MOY

TAWNAGHMORE

CAHIR

CLOON

GILRA

BLAKE

WOODLAND

MUNGRET

LIMERICK

BUTLERSTOWN

WATERFORD

FLAGFORD

GALWAY

GRANGEFINGLAS

INCHICORE

NORTH WALLPOOLBEGSHELLYBANKS

MAYNOOTH

CARLOWSHELTON

ABBEY

DUNSTOWN

KILTEELNEWBRIDGE

ANNER

BANDON

MACROOM

CARRIGADROHID

KILBARRYINNISCARRA

TRABEGMARINA

TRALEE

MONETEEN

RATHKEALE

CASTLEFARM

AUGHINISH

DRUMLINE

ENNIS

MONEYPOINT

TULLABRACK

DALLOW

PORTLAOISE

KILKENNY

IKERRIN

KILTOY

LETTERKENNY

STRABANE

BELLACORICK

LOUTH

SHANKILL

NAVAN

KNOCKUMBER

MULLINGAR

ATHLONE

LANESBORO

KNOCKRAHA

RINAWADE

CATHALEEN'SFALL

ENNISKILLEN

CLIFF

SLIGO

DUNGARVAN

CASTLEBAR

RICHMONDPLATIN

GLASMORE

ARKLOW

CRANE

WEXFORD

THURLES

DOONBALLYDINE

GREAT ISLAND

BARRYMORE

MALLOW

KNOCKEARAGH

KILLONAN

BRINNY

TANDRAGEE

LISDRUM

DUNDALK

FERBANE

SHANNONBRIDGECASHLA

MIDLETON

CHARLEVILLE

POLLAPHUCA

AHANE

DRYBRIDGE

RHODE

PROSPECT

TRIEN

AGHADA

ARDNACRUSHA

SOMERSET

BINBANE

ARIGNA

GOLAGH

MEATH HILL

THORNSBERRY

KELLIS

BANBRIDGE

NEWRY

BALLYAHINCH

WARINGSTOWN

MAGHERAFELT

DUNGANNON

ANTRIM

LOGUESTOWN

COLERAINE

LIMAVADY

COOLKEERAGH

LISAGHMORE

BALLYMENAKELLS

LARNE BALLYLUMFOR

KILROOT.

RATHGAEL

CASTLEREAGH

POWER STN WESTHANNAHSTOWN

LISBURN

The ESB system comprises a 400/220/110kV network with generation distributed around the country but with a significant proportion concentrated in the Dublin area.

ESB Network Issues

• Planning Difficulties for O/H LInes• Significant Low Voltage + Congestion

Problems• Capex Constraints (~ €0.5 Billion)• “Shallow” Connection Policy• Delayed Access for New Entrants• Inadequate Generation Margins

Efficiency Considerations

• Conventional Thermal Power Plant: 30 – 36%

• Large Open Cycle GT Plant: 36%

• Large CCGT Plant: 55%

• Medium Scale CHP Plant: 80%

(inc. heat)

Efficiency of Total Electricity System

Efficiency of Electricity Supply

30%

31%

32%

33%

34%

35%

36%

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Electricity Suppliers

• The market is 40% open (threshold is 1 GWh per annum)

• Approximately 40 licensed suppliers!

• 4 main competitors to ESB Supply:

• Energia

• ESB Independent Energy

• BGE

• Airtricity

CO2 Emissions per kWh of Electricity Generated

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

CO

2/k

Wh

of

Ele

ctr

icity G

en

era

ted

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

22000

Ele

ctr

icity D

em

an

d (

GW

h)

kg CO2/kWh Electricity GWh

Energy Related CO2 Emissions by Mode of Energy Application

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

1990 1995 2000 2001

Mt

CO 2

Transport Electricity Thermal

Relative Cost of CO2 Reduction Measures

Service

Strength of

Demand Growth

CO2

IntensityRelative Cost of

Reduction*

Electricity ++ +++ 1

Heat + ++ 10

Transport +++ +++ 5

* Climate Change Strategy

Summary of Key Parameters

• Diversified fuel mix (but increasingly less so)

• Almost totally isolated system (but increasingly less so)

• Long overhead lines at low TX or DX voltages

• Transmission constraints

• Generation shortage

• Price!

• Choice of Suppliers

• Electricity focus for Emissions Reductions