A.M. Ilyanok, T.N. Timoshchenko

Consulting Center "Nanobiology" CJSC amilyanok@gmail.com

A.G. Smirnov, A.A.Stepanov

The Laboratory “Information displays and optical processing systems”, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics,

smirnov@bsuir.by

9th Minsk International Seminar “Heat Pipes, Heat Pumps, Refrigerators, Power Sources”, Minsk, Belarus, 07-10 September, 2015

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The “Freezing Chip” technology is based on novel thin-film nanostructured dielectric and semiconductor materials (electrofreezing/heating foil) with the preset optimal parameters for each specific application.

Atomic-molecular engineering methods are using for the construction of electronic heat pipes for air conditioners, household refrigerator and recuperators, infrared sensors, effective freezing of the very-large-scale integration circuits and so on to achieve the efficiencies up to 50% ÷ 70%.

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The technology "Freezing Chip" is the key to world refrigeration markets. This technology fundamentally solves the problem:

The “Freezing Chip” technology results from the patent of A. Ilyanok “Quantum-size electronic devices and operating conditions thereof”

This patent is one of the key invention in the field of nanotechnology, which determines limit characteristics of nanoelectronic elements, operating regimes thereof and methods of parameters analysis.

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Quantum thermodynamics is the study of the relations between two independent physical theories: thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. Currently quantum thermodynamics addresses the emergence of thermodynamic laws from quantum mechanics. It differs from quantum statistical mechanics in the emphasis on dynamical processes out of equilibrium, to significantly advance the theory of foundational thermodynamics, with a focus on its applicability in the nanoscale regime http://www.quantumthermodynamics.org/ .

We have advanced - we tied the microcosm and the macrocosm with the help of quantum thermodynamics

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We found that the laws of the microworld can be extended to the macroworld through the introduction of a generalized action quantum

cehh

nn

0

12

4 επααα

−

== ,

where n=0, ±1,±2…, ε0 – permittivity of vacuum. For n = 0 we have the usual Planck's constant, for n=1 we have constant Stoney.

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At heating of a powder from a fullerens higher 250К molecules begin to rotate about their axises with frequency 12 110Ff c−= (at 300K) and equatorial velocity of a surface of molecules:

2 1.99177 / sF F Fv r f kmπ= = Equatorial surface velocity of the Sun through global constants:

2

v 1.995525 /8

c km sα= =

These values coincide theoretical and experimental value of equatorial rotation rate of the Sun with precision of 0.19 %. In this sense fullerens are certain model of kinetics of stars.

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A.M. Ilyanok. Quantum Astronomy. Part II http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001059v1, Егоров В.М. Письма в ЖТФ Т.19. Вып.19, 1993

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The heat death of the universe is a historically suggested ultimate fate of the

universe in which the universe has diminished to a state of no thermodynamic

free energy and therefore can no longer sustain processes that consume energy

(including computation and life

Our model of quantum thermodynamics rejects heat death of the universe, and maintains that

the universe is eternal

http://metagalactic.net/ Nature, V. 425. p.593.

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N Name Theoretical formula

Theoretical value

Experimental value

Ref.

Author An independent experiment

1. The critical velocity of superfluid phase motion relative to normal phase in liquid helium (4He II) 2

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maxcv α

=

0.6011 m/s 0.60 m/s 1

2. The limiting velocity of first sound in liquid helium

343

1πα cv =

238,4303 m/s

238,3 ± 0,1 m/s (saturated vapor pressure at T = 0.1 K)

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3. The limiting velocity of second sound in liquid helium 3

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312

πα cvv ==

137.58 m/s 137.58 m/s (saturated vapor pressure at T = 0.1 K)

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4. The critical speed of sound at the phase transition πλ 2

1vv = 95,12 m/s at Tλ

5. The critical transition temperature of liquid helium in the superfluid state

( )k

cMk

MvT32

232 αλλ ==

2.1780 K 2,1720 K 1

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Nα = 861 – transverse quantum number;

α – fine structure constant or longitudinal quantum number ( 12

21 +

=−

πα αN ) ;

e – electron charge; =h

2π– Plank constant; с – speed of light; М – mass of atom

4He; me – electron mass; mp – proton mass; k – Boltsman constant; me/α – heavy electron mass. 1. Seth N. Putterman, Superfluid Hydrodynamics, North-Holland Publishing Company,

Amsterdam-London, American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc – New York. 1974. (there is Russian eddition).

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We are moving from an uncontrolled 3D interaction of the thermal carrier (molecules, electrons) to the controlled 1D interaction. As a result, the efficiency of 33% (limit of heat engines) can reach 100%.

Innovation of our approach is to move from models using classical drift-diffusion mechanisms of carrier motion in solids and plasmas to quantum mechanical models with local control parameters of the medium due to its nanostructure. This will:

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• to completely refuse from all types of freons, to actually protect the environment and to eliminate the expenses related to the change-over from CFC-freons to less active HCFC-freons which will not allow the ozone conservation problem to be solved in general;

• to refuse from movable mechanisms - compressors and thermal switches that would improve reliability and reduce operating costs;

• to achieve efficiency more than 30 % for consumer and industrial air conditioners, refrigeration and recuperator engineering, that would also help conserve electric energy and really protect the environment from the power plants’ emissions;

• Effective freezing of the very-large-scale integration circuits.

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Basing on our theoretical and experimental results we have arrived at the conclusion that functions of a cooling element and a thermal switch may be actually combined. With this aim in mind, we have developed nanostructured semiconductors with a non-conventional mechanism of electron conductivity with σ = 10 - 103 Ohm-1⋅cm-1. In this case the material heat conduction is of a purely lattice type and is λ = 0.1- 1.0 W/(m⋅K). Actually, we have developed some kind of an electron heat pipe, but in a nanostructured solid (our know-how)

Design of electronic heat pipes on the basis of electro freezing / heating foil

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1. Decreasing of an electric energy demand approximately in 1.2-1.6 times in comparison with compression refrigeration equipment and 5-6 times in comparison with the semiconductor Peltier coolers at the cost price in the range of $0.3- $ 1.0 per 1W of the expended electrical energy.

2. Decreasing of an electric energy demand approximately in 1.2-1.6 times in comparison with compression refrigeration equipment and 5-6 times in comparison with the semiconductor Peltier coolers at the cost price in the range of $0.3- $ 1.0 per 1W of the expended electrical energy.

3. Environmentally acceptable product due to take-over freons and observance of all inter-national standards.

4. Silence in operation.

5. High performance reliability and low operating costs due to take-over mechanical units.

6. High patent protection.

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The main result of the investigations is the creation of thin-film solid thermoelectric converters electricity in the cold/heat with the help of quantum size effects

("Freezing chip" technology) for the mass production of refrigerators, air conditioners and recuperators,

electron heat pipe etc. with an efficiency about 50% -70% (depending on temperature). They will work

directly from a network (~127V or ~220V or ~380 V) or battery without transformers and galvanic isolation.

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