electronic prescription and patient safety

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José L. ROCHA General Secretary for Quality and Modernisation Regional Ministry of Health Government of Andalusia, Spain [email protected]

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Short revision on the current status of the electronic prescription module of the eHR in Andalusia Region and the available tools improving patient safety. CDSS may avoid interactions, unnecessary duplications, undetected allergies and many others.

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Page 1: Electronic prescription and patient safety

José

L. ROCHAGeneral Secretary for Quality and Modernisation

Regional Ministry of HealthGovernment of Andalusia, Spain

[email protected]

Page 2: Electronic prescription and patient safety

Andalusia

8,302,923 inhabitants87,597 Km2

Andalusian

Public Healthcare System: Main features

1,146 Primary care centers

360

Auxiliary offices for primary care49

Public Hospitals (16,821 beds)

102,000  Healthcare professionals

9,390 

M €

Health Budget 2011, 6.67% GDP

Page 3: Electronic prescription and patient safety

The Digital Strategy of the Public Healthcare  System of Andalusia: The 

Project

• A long‐term

Strategy: From 1999• A single health record number

for all citizens of Andalusia

• A single electronic Health Record for every person• A individual smart card

for each person as a key for access

• A regional eHR

shared among:• Primary care• Pharmacies• Hospitals• Emergencies

Page 4: Electronic prescription and patient safety

Health Care Information and 

Management Integrated System

Appointment Prescription

Radiology

Waiting lists

Functional 

tests

Pathology

Lab tests

Inpatient care

Referrals

Outpatient 

carePrimary 

care

Hospital 

admission

Data 

warehouse

Emergency 

care

Much more than an eHR: A corporate information system

7.9 Million ofindividual eHR

105 Million ofe‐prescriptions/year

95 Million ofappointments/year

Page 5: Electronic prescription and patient safety

Centralised

(duplicated) substructure: Citizens data base, 

Operators Module, Resources Structure

C.S

Centralised

electronic Clinical Station and tools for primary care: 

appointment, e‐prescription, vaccines

Local PACS

Central Bus for Hospital‐Primary Care connection, data 

exchange and shared tools: lab module, RIS/PACs, Referrals. 

Also for some centralised

tools: surgical waiting list, etc

De‐centralised

structure for Hospitals: Admission, Clinical 

Stations for inpatients, outpatients and emergencies. Internal 

Local Bus for connecting tools: Lab tests, Functional tests, 

PACs, Pathology…

Centralised

replicated database for data mining, indicators and 

evaluation reports

Functional architecture of the eHR

in Andalusia

Page 6: Electronic prescription and patient safety

Current extension of the eHR

in Andalusia

Completion level Tool Population Cases in 2010

▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌ Clinical Station 100% 7.9 M Pat / 39.7 M Sheets

▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌ Appointment 100% 83 Million

▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌ Referral tool 100% 39.7 Million

▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌ e‐Prescription 99.8% 105 Million

▌▌▌▌▌▌▌ Radiology (RIS) 71% 3.4 Million

▌▌▌▌▌ Lab tests 49% 360,000

▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌ Clin

Station ‐

Hosp. Emergencies 100% 3.4 Million

▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌ Clinical Station –

Outpatients 100% 1.5 Million

│▌▌ Clinical Station –

Inpatients 26% 916,890

▌▌ Admission 18% 60,000

▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌▌ Appointment 100% 12 Million

│▌▌▌▌▌ e‐Prescription 56% 505,862

│▌▌ Lab tests 25%

▌▌▌ Radiology (PACS) 29% 3.4 Million

▌▌ Out of Hosp. Emergencies 20%

Page 7: Electronic prescription and patient safety

ePrescription

module: “Receta

XXI”

Medical office Pharmacy

Intranet of the 

Official College ofPharmacists

The system allows the 

dispensation of the treatment 

during the time established by 

the doctor at any pharmacy

Smart card as a key

Intranet of the 

Andalusian

Public 

Healthcare System

Instruction 

sheet for 

patient Treatment 

available on line

Page 8: Electronic prescription and patient safety

247.545 1.245.3138.982.319

30.520.106

66.315.635

105.218.987

89.240.751

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Use of the e‐Prescription module in Andalusia

Number of e‐Prescriptions in the Andalusian

Public Healthcare System  from 2004 to 2010

Page 9: Electronic prescription and patient safety

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Year

Use of the e‐Prescription module in Andalusia

Percentage of the different types of prescription in the Andalusian

Public  Healthcare System from 2004 to 2010

Hand‐written                Printed by PC                 e‐Prescription              

Page 10: Electronic prescription and patient safety

47.910

56.522

Before After

‐15.28% 38 Million visits  saved from 2006

6 months trial with the 

same cohort of population

Use of the e‐Prescription module: primary care  appointments after introducing this module

Page 11: Electronic prescription and patient safety

446.1 Million € saved from 2001

2,7

25,7

46,6

57,763

70,975,2 77,1 78,6 84

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Use of the e‐Prescription module: % of  prescriptions done by INN (international 

nonproprietary name) and estimated savings

Page 12: Electronic prescription and patient safety

0

50.000.000

100.000.000

150.000.000

200.000.000

250.000.000

300.000.000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

EUR

Present value of cumulative costs Present value of cumulative benefits

Use of the e‐Prescription system in Andalusia:  cumulative economic performance

Case studies. European Comission. http://www.ehr‐impact.eu/cases/cases.html

07/2009 The socio‐economic impact of Receta

XXI, the regional ePrescribing

system of Andalucía’s 

public health service.http://www.ehr‐impact.eu/cases/documents/EHRI_case_Receta_XXI_final.pdf

Page 13: Electronic prescription and patient safety

Much more than an e‐Prescription module: a  Decision support system

• Single medicines record • Updated catalogue (Nomenclator)• Prescription by International Nonproprietary Name• Help in filling up dosage • Warnings for duplicated prescription• Evidence‐based guide by Medical Primary Care Society• Info on drugs• Allergies and contraindications• Help reporting adverse reactions• Interactions• Warning maximum daily doses• Warning therapeutic redundancy • Forms included

Page 14: Electronic prescription and patient safety

Medical decision support system: selection of the  recommended treatment from the approved Guidelines

Page 15: Electronic prescription and patient safety

Medical decision support system: selection of the  active principle (INN) vs. commercial brand

Page 16: Electronic prescription and patient safety

Medical decision support system: avoid a drug already  prescribed in the current treatment by other doctor

Page 17: Electronic prescription and patient safety

% of unnecessarily repeated drugs avoided in elderly  patients receiving multiple medication after the 

introduction of a Medical Decision Support System  for prescription

4143

48 48 49 50 51 52 53 53 54 54 54 55 55 55 5557 57 57 57

59 59 59 59 60 6062 62 62 63 64

67

DCS

AAX HC DM CS BC AL

PON

JNE OS SC GU NC JCN JS GR SG

Andalusia average:  55%

of reduction

Primary care Districts

Page 18: Electronic prescription and patient safety

Medical decision support system: detection of  pharmacological interactions between drugs

Page 19: Electronic prescription and patient safety

Medical decision support system: detection of  allergies or previous intolerance to drugs

Page 20: Electronic prescription and patient safety

ePrescription

module: Role of the pharmacist 

Pharmacy Pharmacist can send an alert to 

the individual eHR

and block a 

prescription until the Doctor can 

check it and confirm or not

93%

7%

Confirmed Re‐activated

A warning appears at the 

patient’s eHR

and Doctor can 

check the comments from the 

pharmacist and confirm this 

criteria or maintain the drug

Medical office

Intranet of the 

Andalusian

Public 

Healthcare System

Intranet of the 

Official College ofPharmacists

11,182 cases in 2010

Page 21: Electronic prescription and patient safety

The electronic prescription as a tool for  improving patient safety

Adverse events are a main cause of mortality and 

morbidity. 

In Andalusia 6.93% of hospitalized patients and 1.01% 

of primary care patients have an adverse event (ENEAS 

Study, 2005 and APEAS Study, 2006)   

28.8% of adverse events in medical areas in Andalusia 

are drug‐related

Electronic prescription tools may play a tremendous 

role improving patient safety throughout the entire 

healthcare process, avoiding mistakes in denomination 

and dosage, duplicity, interactions or incompatibilities, 

checking for previous allergies and intolerance

Furthermore, e‐prescription systems can facilitate the 

collaborative work between pharmacists, doctors and 

other professionals, and provide information about 

drug compliance.

The Andalusian

Strategy for 

improving Patient Safety

Page 22: Electronic prescription and patient safety

Thank you very much!

Merci beaucoup!