Seminar on

Origin & Development of

Presented by,

S.ARUN JOSEPH.M.L.I.Sc 4th semester.No : 1D.L.I.S.University of Kerala.

IntroductionThe characteristics of the book

The book is :

portable

it has random access to its contents

the book can also be a multimedia object - it may contain not only text, but also graphics, drawings and photo reproductions

it is also conveniently accessible - once you have the book, you need no other artefact in order to read it

Electronic publishing (e-Publishing or digital publishing) includes the digital publication of e-books, EPUBs, Digital Magazines and the development of digital libraries and catalogues

Electronic publishing has become common in scientific publishing

Distribution via the Internet (Online publishing or web publishing) is nowadays strongly associated with electronic publishing

The term has a history of being used to describe the development of new forms of production, distribution,

and user interaction in regard to computer-based production of text and other interactive media

Definitions• GENERAL - Use of electronic (digital) equipment to create and reproduce text and graphic images of all kinds and combinations.

SPECIFIC - Use of digital media (non-print) as the final communication format. Eg: CD-ROM documents, Acrobat documents, Web pages, Online publications etc.

o e-publishing is the blanket term for a range of publishing processes by electronic means. Earlier initiatives have included CD-ROM and optical discs, but the current area of activity is the publication and dissemination of information via internet.

Although take-up was initially slow, new formats are now regularly appearing and sales are rising sharply. The (US) open e-Book Forum is a trade and standards body that monitors growth

The process of creating and disseminating information via electronic means including email and via the Web is electronic publishing. Electronically published materials may originate as traditional paper publishing or may be created specifically for electronic publishing.

(Communication Arts / Journalism & Publishing) the publication of information on magnetic tape, disks, etc., so that it can be accessed by a computer

Characteristics The aims of those publishing electronically may be very

much the same as those publishing in book form E-publishing has very specific non-book characteristics

that distinguishes it from print publication electronic publications can be produced and disseminated

very rapidly - the book takes much longer to produce and distribute

if correction is necessary, an electronic text can be updated or corrected with the same immediacy, while a book must either go through a second edition, or, if the error is caught in time, have an erratum slip inserted

electronic publication can be made collaborative and interactive, involving either several "authors" or authors

and readers

electronic publications can be disseminated world-wide without the need for separate rights negotiations for

different countries and without the costs of distribution or reprinting

through effective, electronic interaction with the buyer or

user of an electronic publication, the producer can collect valuable market-research data very cheaply

But…

e-publishing still reaches only a minority of potential users or customers - even though this minority may constitute most of the market for some products and much of the majority is in the developing world, where usage is likely to be slow to emerge;

e-publishing demands access to relatively advanced technology on the part of both the producer and the consumer of information or entertainment

mobile computers, notebooks, tablets are inadequate, for use across the full range of environments in which a book can be read;

the technology consumes a greater amount of energy in its use than the book ???

ADVANTAGES

Rapid publication since electronic referring can speed up the process and publication can be immediately followed by acceptance.

Large collections can be searched and retrieved simultaneously and instantly.

Multimedia capabilities can be incorporated. Publishers, research groups and authors can

be easily contacted via electronic mail links.

BENEFITS

• (For readers) Easier and greater access, quick delivery, enormous navigational freedom, among linked documents.

• (For libraries) Reduced paper processing; shelving; reshelving; binding; storing; risk of damage and loss.

• (For publishers) Enlarged audience, simplified editorial tasks

E-Publishing SWOTStrengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

More control over final material

Hard to read Greater chance of being publishedAbility to add multimedia to a publication

Piracy

Better for the environment

Electronic readers are expensive

Books-on-demand will make every publication readily available in printed form

Copyright infringement

Higher royalties Amateur material is so abundant, it is difficult to get noticed

Easy, less expensive distribution

Few sales in a saturated market

Shorter publication times Consumers reluctant to read from their computer screen

Subsidy e-publishing allows authors the chance to be published for a fee

 

Global availability

 

 

 

 

 

   

The History of the book and the rise of electronic publishing

China is generally credited for the first portable type and the first paper

In Europe portable type was developed 1452 by

Gutenberg

The foundation of the universities in Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries led to Gutenberg's efforts to find ways of creating more reliable texts that could be achieved by copying manuscripts.

The rise of secularism, following the Protestant Reformation

the subsequent use of vernacular languages for worship

the wider publication of the Greek classics, and

the publication of accounts of the great discoveries of the 16th century.

Developments of the paperback book, book clubs, circulating libraries and the public library → the book has become a mass-audience, cultural artifact, rather than one restricted to a religious elite.

ARPANET, the forerunner of the Internet was created in 1969 by researchers at the University of California Los Angeles, University of California Santa Barbara, Stanford Research Institute & the University of Utah.

Since then development has been extremely rapid.

Even in the early days of the Internet some publishing was taking place through e-mail mailing lists and the circulation of working papers to limited groups of people in various fields.

Publication really took off following the invention of the World Wide Web software by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991 and the invention of the Mosaic Web-browser in 1993.

In 1993 the impact of these developments was immediate

traffic on the Internet expanded at an annual growth rate of 341,63%.

Only a small proportion of web sites are used for anything comparable with book publishing. 

Web sites are devoted to: personal pages business pages

organisation pages news pages

Electronic journals are growing in number very rapidly - the established print publishers begin to transfer their journals to the Internet.

We can summarize the History as,

Term introduced by William Dijkhuis in 1977 The very first e publication came in 1980s in the form of

plain text emails. They were sent to the subscriber via a mailing list.

1985 - 1995 referred to as a period of digital revolution. i.e.. a shift from analog to digital treatment of information.

o CD ROMSo PDF

o ELECTRONIC JOURNALS

1st e- journal ELECTRONIC LETTERS ONLINE by IEE(1994 95) distributed via OCLC.

Book functions replaced by e-publishing

The possibility of rapid publication, rapid up-dating, and the economics of electronic distribution.

The case of abstracting and indexing services is an interesting example of how early e-publication through the on-line databases has led to that form of access, rather than the printed version, being the primary form of access.

Now that on-line services are moving to Web-based access, direct end-user searching may increase, and some, publicly-funded databases may become freely available .

Scholarly journals are increasingly moving to e-publication.

Surviving book functions

Most forms of book will survive - many potential users do not have access to electronic forms of publication.

Many people do not use a computer in the course of their

daily work

The book form may remain the way to do it for many years, since the problems of preserving paper are well understood and can be dealt with.

The problems of preserving digital forms can only be guessed at, and the possibility of unreadability of data because of changes in technology is real.

Many books are art objects.

The future

The market will ultimately determine what goes into electronic publication and what stays in print.

The aspects of portability, usability and aesthetics will determine how long books survive.

Things will be as they are, only more so: there will be growth or decline.

Digital paper and digital clothing will allow writing on almost any surface

Xerox has created the first digital printing format which stores large amounts of data in small characters called data glyphs

A convergence of media will enhance digital publishing

Referenceso Drake, Miriam.(2003).Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science(2nd

ed.).New York : Marce Dekker.Inc,1011-1015o Electronic publishing .(n.d).retrieved on April 26,2013 from,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_publishingo Electronic publishing .(n.d).retrieved on April 26,2013 from,

http://dspace.iimk.ac.in/bitstream/2259/621/1o Electronic publishing .(n.d).retrieved on April 26,2013 from,

http://www.pss.gov.bc.ca/pubs/electronic-publishing.htmlo Electronic publishing .(n.d).retrieved on April 26,2013 from,

http://desktoppub.about.com/od/glossary/g/Electronic-Publishing.htmlo Electronic publishing .(n.d).retrieved on April 26,2013 from,

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/electronic+publishingo Kist,Joost.(1989).Electronic Publishing : looking for a blueprint. New Delhi :

Sterling Publishers.pvt.Ltd,1-20o Pythrch , Ray.(2005) . Harrod’s Librarian’s Glossary(10th ed.). England : Ashgate

Publishing.Ltd,243