electronics and mechanics with carbon nanotubes...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ken BosnickStephan BraigMarkus BrinkScott BunchLisa LarrimoreEthan MinotJi-Yong Park David RoundySami Rosenblatt Vera SazonovaHande UstunelYuval YaishAlex YansonXinjian ZhouJun Zhu
C
Support:
NSF, DARPA,
NASA
McEuen, Arias, Brouwer Groups
Electronics and Mechanicswith Carbon Nanotubes
RollUp a SingleGrapheneSheet
Single-WalledCarbonNanotube
2
Chemical/BiologicalMechanical
Electronic
Chemical/Biological
Mechanical/Thermal
Electrical / Optical
Harvard
DELFT
Sri Lanka
Following Kong et al. Nature 395, 878 (98)
Parallel Device Fabrication - CVD
catalystpads
900°C Furnace SWNT
Substrate w/catalyst particles
Methane
catalyst
3
Millimeter length Tubes!
Copying work of Jie Liu et al. (Duke)
Gas flow
Flying catalyst growth Laminar flow
Turbulentflow
SEMimage
AFMimage
semiconducting
E f
E
BZ boundary
E f
E
k x
BZ boundary
Nanotube Electronic Properties
Eg ~ 1 eV / d[nm]
metallic
Armchair tube
zigzag tube
Electrical propertiesof nanotubes rival (or beat) the best materials known !
4
-10 0 100.0
1.0
Vacuum
G
(e2 /h
)
L
gate
sourcedrain
Semiconducting Nanotube Transistors
First observ: Tans et al. 98
µ = 1,000 - 50,000 cm2 / V-s
p-type
intrinsicn-type
Vg (V)
Very high mobilities !
See also: IBM, Dai, Fuhrer groups
Advanced Device Geometries
Electrical
Mechanical
SEM Image
Cutting / manipulation
5
Suspended Carbon Nanotubes
0.3 0.4 0.5
-30
30
Vsd
(m
V)
0
Vg (V)
1 2 3 4
0.6
Studies of bandgap
Minot et al
sourcedrain
DNA Sensing
Yaish et al., unpublished
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Simultaneously Monitor:(1) Mech. Response(2) Electrical Response
Salvetat et al. PRL 82, 944 (1999)Walters et al. APL 74, 3803 (1999)
Tombler et al. Nature 405, 769 (2000)
Previous work:
Strain and Bandgaps: Experimental set-up
Gate
tip
cantilever withspring constant ktip
drainsource
suspended tube
V
current preamp
Hande UstanelArias Group
AFM Image
d = 3nm0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
2.0
G(e2/h)
Tip Voltage (V)
1.51.00.50-0.5-1.0
Strain-Induced Band Gap in a Metallic Tube
strain = 0
strain = 2 %
Metal Semic. strain
Gate
Vtip
drainsource
suspended tube
V
I
Minot et al., PRL 03
7
250nm
Suspended nanotube quantum dot
ΔE, Orbital energy difference between N and N+1 electrons
Low bias
G (e2/h)
0
0.2
0.
0.005
0.3 0.4 0.5Vg (V)
0.6
x20
G (
e2 /h)
x50
0.3 0.4 0.5
-30
30
Vsd
(mV
)
0
Vg (V)
1 2 3 4
0.6
0
p-type gap n-type
Minot et al., Nature (04)
U + Egap
G (e2/h)0
0.01 200
250
300
Vg (mV)
350
400
150
B (T)0 4
electrons
holes
Nanotube Zeeman Effect
µorb
B||B||
k||
Ei(k|
|)
k||
B|| = 0 B|| > 0
0 0gE
µorb
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Guitar String Vibrations of Nanotubes
Nanotube Guitar:How do you strum it?How do you hear it?
Nano Guitar(Craighead Group)
Related work: Reulet et al. PRL (00)Purcell et al. PRL (02)
f0f0
2ωδ gg VV +
1ωδ sdV
Nanotube Electromechanical Mixer
Q
1
A(ω)
ωo ω
2
2
1gVdz
dCF = Drive/tune
21 ωωω −=Δ
( ) 212'
)(1 2
)( ωωω δδωδ gsdkC
VgC
g
VVAdV
dGI
g
g+=Δ
Response at
detect
See also:Cleland group
9
I (nA
)
4.96 4.98 5 5.02 5.04 5.06
-2
2
6
10
14x 10
-3
frequency (MHz)
f = 5 MHz
Q ~ 50
f0f0Nanotube Mechanical Resonances
Sazonova et al., Nature (04)
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
50
55
60
65
70
75
freq
uenc
y (M
Hz)
Vg (V)Tunable Nanomechanical oscillator!
-5.00-3.75-2.50-1.250.001.252.503.755.00
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
col
row
-0.35-0.30-0.25-0.20-0.15-0.10-0.050.000.050.100.150.200.250.30
dvg
Multiple Vibrational Modes
f
Vg
030 MHz
80 MHz
5 V- 5 V
10
Spring constant:k ~ mω2
k ~ 10-3 -10-5 N/m
Force sensitivity (300K) Fmin ~ 2 fN/Hz1/2 limited by detection sensitivity
Theoretical limits: 20 aN (300K) 1 aN ( 1K)
Force scales(N):
atomic bonds
single-spinNMR
10-9
low-T AFM10-15
10-21
Future:Ultrasmall force sensingMass sensingRF signal processingQuantum “mechanical” system…….
Ji-Yong ParkYuval YaishJun Zhu Markus Brink Scott BunchSami Rosenblatt
Vera Sazonova,Yuval Yaish, Ethan Minot, Ji-Yong Park,Markus Brink, Hande Ustunel, DavidRoundy,Jed Whittaker (BYU)Robert Davis (BYU)
http://www.lassp.cornell.edu/lassp_data/mceuen/homepage/welcome.html
Scanned Probe Techniques/Elec. Phonon Scattering
Nanotube Mag. Moments
Wet Nanotubes
Nanotube Electromechanics
Ethan Minot Yuval YaishVera SazonovaSami RosenblattMarkus Brink
Yuval YaishSami RosenblattXinjian ZhouLisa Larrimore