the power of talk1

8/8/2019 The Power of Talk1

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The Power of TalkThe Power of Talk --WhoWhogets heard and Why ?gets heard and Why ?

Managerial Communication

Oral Presentation

Submitted by,

Jyotirmay PGP/14/146

Kapil Verma PGP/14/147S.Karthika PGP/14/148

Kripalsinh Rana PGP/14/149


2/22

Oral CommunicationOral Communication

A process where information is transferred from a sender

to receiver

Learned Social Behavior Body language and voice

tonality very significant

Content of words, not the only criteria for good

communication Major impact by How you say it


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Linguistic StylesLinguistic Styles

Refers to a persons characteristic speaking pattern

Example: Choice of words, Pausing

Set of culturally learned signals

Used for two purposes To communicate what we mean

To interpret others meaning and evaluate

Negotiates relationship

Signal Create Relative status of speakers ,Level of their Rapport

Linguistic styles relatively different for men and women


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Childhood gamesChildhood games -- BoysBoys

Play in larger groups

Not every one treated as

equal

Presence of leader Emphasized status, doesnt prefer downplaying

Gives orders, takes center stage

Use language to negotiate status by Displaying knowledge and abilities

Challenge others / Resist challenges


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Childhood gamesChildhood games -- GirlsGirls

Play with single best friend/smaller groups

Spend a lot of time talking

Learn to downplay ways

Emphasize equality

Learn to talk to save face for one another

Believe sounding too sure lead to unpopularity

Bossy Girl who tells others what to do Use language to negotiate the closeness

Example: Sharing secrets with the best friend


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One up One downOne up One down

Variation in sensitivity to social dynamics of language

Men Sensitive to power dynamics of interaction

Speak in ways to position as One UP

Resist being put in One Down

Women React strongly to rapport creation

Speak in ways that save face for others

Buffer One Down statements of others

Techniques used Choice of pronoun

Confidence / Boasting

Asking questions


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Getting creditGetting credit

Linguistic strategy Choice of Pronoun

Usage of I vs. WE

Men use I Owning ideas

Women use We Includes work done alone also

Believe usage of I is too much of self promotion

Strongly feel that blowing their own horn lead to dislike

by peers Grabbing game

Risk of not getting proper credit for the contributions

made


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Other Linguistic strategiesOther Linguistic strategies

Confidence/Boasting Women downplay certainty

Doesnt imply lack of confidence

Desire to be not boastful

Men minimize doubts

Asking questions Men less likely than women to ask questions

Believe asking more questions lead to one down position Men more attuned than women to potential face losing

aspect of asking more questions

Example: Men dont prefer asking for directions when lost at aplace


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Conversational RitualsConversational Rituals

Any customary observance or practice during conversation

Effect of culture

Ritual Significance Dont convey the literal meaning

Example of greetings

American : how are you ?

Philippines : where are you going ?

How

are

you ?


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Ritual apologiesRitual apologies

Most frequently used Im sorry

Women say more frequently than men ritualized

means of expressing concern

Men avoid it ,believe it puts them in one down position

Risk of being perceived as appearing weaker, lessconfident and more blameworthy


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ExampleExample Ritual apologyRitual apology

Oh, Im sorry. I

know how hard

you worked on that

How did that

big

presentation

go ?

Oh, not very

well. VP wasnt

really satisfied

with it


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Ritual feedbackRitual feedback

Cause for misunderstanding

Men prefer straightforward & blunt approach

Women avoid criticism a ritualized way of saving face forothers

Blunt approach :

honest and no-nonsense Men

unnecessarily callous Women

Danger of being misunderstood


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ExampleExample Ritual FeedbackRitual Feedback

How is the

report ?

The structure and format of

report are as per requirement.

You have addressed the major

issues. Perhaps, the

recommendations should have

been backed up by recent data


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Ritual fightsRitual fights

A way of exploring ideas through verbal opposition

Ideas are challenged and criticized to test their strength

Example : confrontational or stress interview

Women may take ritual confrontation as real one which may

affect

Contribution in group meetings

Recruitment - if such technique is used in an interview


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Ritual conversationRitual conversation

Rituals common among women that men often take

literally

Apologizing

Mitigating criticism with praise

Ritual compliments

Ritual common among men that women often takeliterally

Ritual fight


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Negotiating authorityNegotiating authority

Indirectness

Tendency to say what we mean without spilling it out in so

many words

Linguistic signal, varies with power and status

Different habits and expectations result in large

misunderstanding

More indirectness Risk of being under judged as

lacking appropriate demeanor, lacking confidence

Men more indirect in admitting faults

Readiness to push boys around who assume One

Down position

Women more indirect in telling what others to do

Readiness to brand others as bossy


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Negotiating authorityNegotiating authority

Managing up and downWomen Believe work done should speak up for recognition and

reward

More concern for the subordinates Save face for the other person more in managing down

than managing up

Men Believe recognition of work done will happen only if it is

talked about Engage in behaviors which are likely to get recognition

by those with power

Example: Dining with the superiors, opening lines ofcommunication

Projects proper authority during criticism


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SoSo, who gets, who gets heard at meetings ?heard at meetings ?

People who get heard are those who

are comfortable speaking up in groups

need no silence before raising their hands

speak out easily without waiting to be recognized

People who dont get heard are those who...

wait to be recognized refrain from talking until previous speaker is finished

are inclined to linked their comments to those of others


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PricewaterhouseCoopers Vs. Ann Hopkins casePricewaterhouseCoopers Vs. Ann Hopkins case

Ann Hopkins , a senior consultant at PwC for Office of

Government Services (OGS)

Widely acknowledged as competent, top performer of the

associates group

Conveyed strong work ethic and commitment to high

achievement in a highly competitive environment to peers

and subordinates

Was proposed for partnership, but was neither offered nordenied partnership for 2 years

Masculine style of interaction and macho appearance was

given as a reason for denial


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Case Facts ( contd. )Case Facts ( contd. )

Filed a charge of sex discrimination against PwC in 1983

under Civil Rights Act (1964)

After a long legal battle, Supreme Court Of UnitedStates gave verdict in her favor in 1991

Regained job and received a substantial monetary

settlement

LONG TERM EFFECT - instrumental in bringing

modification in Civil Rights Acts of 1991


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Comments and Suggestions given by PwCComments and Suggestions given by PwC

colleaguescolleagues

COMMENTS

needs a course in charm school

macho

overly aggressive, unduly harsh, difficult to work with andimpatient with staff

overcompensated for being a woman

universally disliked

SUGGESTIONS

walk more femininely, talk more femininely, dress more

femininely

wear makeup and jewelry, have styled hair


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Case TakeawayCase Takeaway

The negative evaluations Ann received derived from gendernorms by which certain work valuesin particular,

competitiveness and assertivenesswere reserved for men

If a leadership role requires highly authoritative or

competitive behavior that is perceived as masculine, themere fact that a woman occupies the role can yield

disapproval

she conveyed values that were consensual within her

organization and widely accepted as appropriate for

insuring its success. However, manifesting these values was

disallowed for women.

Thus the case shows the effect of deeply entrenched

gender typecast in our mind and the reaction when that

typecast is challenged

the power of talk1

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