electrons in atoms
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Chapter 5 in your textbook pp. 117-141. Electrons in atoms. Wave Nature of Light. In the early 1900s scientists observed that certain elements emitted visible light when heated in a flame - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 5 in your textbookpp. 117-141
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Wave Nature of Light
In the early 1900s scientists observed that certain elements emitted visible light when heated in a flame
Analysis of the emitted light revealed that an element’s chemical behavior is related to the arrangement of the electron’s in its atoms
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Wave Nature of Light
For you to better understand the
relationship and the nature of atomic
structure, you need to understand
the nature of light
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Wave Nature of Light
Electromagnetic radiation A form of energy that exhibits wavelike
behavior as it travel through space
Visible light is a type of electromagnetic radiation
Examples include: visible light from the sun, microwaves, x-rays, radio waves
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Waves
All waves can be described by several characteristics:
Wavelength Frequency Amplitude Speed
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Wave
Wavelength (λ) Shortest distance between equivalents
points on a continuous wave Measured from crest to crest or from
through to through Units: meters, centimeters, nanometers
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Wave
Frequency (ν) Number of waves that pass a given point
per second
Unit: Hertz (Hz) = one wave per second (1/s) or (s-1)
Example : 652 Hz = 652 waves/second=652/s = 652 s-1
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Wave
Amplitude Wave’s height from the origin to a
crest, or from the origin to a trough
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Wave
All electromagentic waves, including visible light, travel at a speed of 3.00 x 108 m/s
c = λν c = speed of light, λ = wavelength, ν = frequency
The seed of light is the product of its wavelength and its frequency
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Example
What is the wavelength of a microwave with a frequency of 3.44 x 109 Hz?
c = λν λ = c / ν
λ = 3.00 x 108 m/s =
3.44 x 109 s-1
8.72 x 10-2 m
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
Although the speed of all electromagetic waves is the same, waves may have different wavelengths and frequencies
Wavelength and frequency are inversely related
As one quantity increase the other decrease
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Electromagentic Spectrum
White light, such as sunlight, can be separated into a continuous spectrum of colors if passed through a prism
These are the colors of the rainbow (roy g biv) – red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet)
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum) is:
all forms of electromagnetic radiation
the only difference in the types of radiation is their wavelengths and frequencies
Each color has a different wavelength- Red has the longest wavelength and violet has the shortest wavelength
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
Violet light has the greatest frequency and has more energy that the red light
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Practice Problems What is the frequency of green light, which has a
wavelength of 4.90 x 10-7 m?
An X-ray has a wavelength of 1.15 x 10-10m. What is its frequency?
What is the speed of an electromagetic wave that has a frequency of 7.8 x 106 Hz?
A popular radio station broadcasts with a frequency of 94.7 MHz. What is the wavelength of the broadcast? (1MHz = 106 Hz)
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Why we care about spectroscopy? Quantum concept: the temperature
of an object is a measure of the average kinetic energy in particles.
Different forms of matter will emit and absorb light at characteristic wavelengths and frequencies
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Spectroscopy
The study of how (and at what wavelengths) a sample emits and/or absorbs light is a way to:
Identify components in a sample (ex: elements & molecules)
Quantify concentration of these components
Identify types of bonds in a molecule
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Emission Spectroscopy
Flame emission spectroscopy
Atoms absorb energy in a flame and then emit energy as light
The wavelengths of emitted light are characteristics to individual atoms
The intensity of emitted light is proportional to the element’s concentration
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Emission Spectroscopy continued The origin of this emission is the Decay,
Relaxation, Excited of electrons from a high energy state to a more stable lower energy state
The wavelength of emitted light corresponds to the energy difference between these two states
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Question??