9. PRAVNI OBLICI PODUZEA U KINI9.1. Drutvo s ogranienom odgovornou to je drutvo s ogranienom odgovornou?[footnoteRef:1] [1: LO, V., TIAN, X. Law for Foreign Business and Investment in China, Oxon, United Kingdom. 2009. p. 38 (In a limited liability company, each shareholder is a liable to the company to the extent of the amount of capital contribution undertake to be made, while the company is liable for its debts to the extent of all its assets. The shareholders are entitled to receive dividends in proportion to their respective capital contributions actually made, unless otherwise agreed upon by the shareholders.)Ovaj citat je uzet jer objanjava znaenje pojma drutva s ogranienom odgovornou u Kini.]

Koji su uvjeti osnivanja?[footnoteRef:2] [2: MARCH, N., KADET, J. Partnership in China: The New Frontier, National Real Estate Industry Practice, 2008. p. 11 [pristupljeno: 01.12.2014.] (To establish a limited liability company, the investors must satisfy certain requirements. First of all, the number of shareholders must not exceed the statutory limit, namely, not more than 50 shareholders.)Ovaj citat je izabran je objanjava jedan od uvjeta osnivanja drutva s ogranienom odgovornou.]

Koji je iznos temeljnog kapitala?[footnoteRef:3] [3: LIN, L. Private equity limited partnerships in china: A critical evaluation of active limited partners, Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 2013. p. 5 [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (Moreover, the minimum amount of registered capital, that is, the total amount of capital contributions undertaken to be made by all the shareholders, must be RMB 30,000, unless otherwise provided by laws or administrative regulations. Capital contributions can be made in the form of cash, tangible goods, intellectual property, land use rights, etc., but not in the form of labor service, goodwill, franchise, etc.)Ovaj citat je uzet jer objanjava iznos temeljnog kapitala potreban za osnivanje drutva s ogranienom odgovornou u Kini.]

Koje stavke mora sadravati statut?[footnoteRef:4] [4: LO, V., TIAN, X. Law for Foreign Business and Investment in China, Oxon, United Kingdom. 2009. p. 42 (After all the shareholders have made their capital contributions, a statuorily authorized capital-verification organ, namely, a duly registered accounting or audit firm, must verify the contributions and produce a certificate of capital verification.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer objanjava to statut mora sadravati prilikom registracije poduzea.]

Kakav je postupak registracije?[footnoteRef:5] [5: DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the Peoples Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 6 [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (To establish a limited liability company, a representative designated, or an agent jointly appointed, by all the shareholders, must file an application for pre-approval of the company's name with the designated AIC. Companies whose establishment or scope of business must be approved in accordance with laws or administrative regulations shall submit their applications for approval in the pre-approved name of the company.)Ovaj citati je uzet jer govori o postupku registracije drutva s ogranienom odgovornou u Kini.]

9.2. Dioniko drutvo to je dioniko drutva?[footnoteRef:6] [6: LO, V., TIAN, X. Law for Foreign Business and Investment in China, Oxon, United Kingdom. 2009. p. 39 (In a company limited by shares, which has also been translated as a joint stock company, the entire capital is divided into shares of equal value, which can be either registered share or bearer shares. each shareholder is liable to the company to the extent of the number of shares it subscribes, while the company is liable for its debts to the extent of all its assets.)]

Koji su uvjeti osnivanja? Koji je iznos temeljnog kapitala?[footnoteRef:7] [7: MARCH, N., KADET, J. Partnership in China: The New Frontier, National Real Estate Industry Practice, 2008. p. 11 [pristupljeno: 01.12.2014.] (For a company limited by shares, the is no ceiling on the number of shareholders. however, there must be at least two, but no more than 200, promoters, and more than half of them must be domiciled in China. The minimum amount of registered capital for a company limited by shares is RMB 5 million. Higher minimum amounts of registered capital may be prescribed in separate laws or administrative regulations. the promoters may pay cash, make in-kind contributions, transfer intellectual property rights or land use rights, etc.)Ovaj citat je uzet jer objanjava broj dioniara i temeljni kapital potrebni za osnivanje dionikog drutva.]

Koje stavke mora sadravati statut?[footnoteRef:8] [8: DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the Peoples Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 6 [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (In a similar fashion, the articles of association of a company limited by shares must clearly provide: the name and domicile of the company; the business scope of the company; the means by which the company is established; the total number of shares, par value per share, and registered capital of the company; the names or titles of the promoters, the number of shares subscribed by them, and the form and time limit of their contributions; the composition, powers, and rules of procedure of the board of directors; the legal representative of the company; the composition, powers and rules of procedure of the board of supervisors; the means of distributing profits; the grounds for dissolution and the means of liquidation; the company method of issuing notices and public announcements; any other matters which the shareholders meeting considers it necessay to provide.)Ovaj citat je preuzet jer objanjava koje tono treba stavke sadravati statut.]

Kakav je postupak registracije?[footnoteRef:9] [9: LIN, L. Private equity limited partnerships in china: A critical evaluation of active limited partners, Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 2013. p. 5 [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (To apply for registration of establishment, a representative designated, or an agent jointly appointed, by all the shareholders shall submit, whether in person; by post, telegram, telex, fax, or EDI; or through e-mail, the following documents to the designated AIC.)Ovaj citat je uzet jer objanjava pojedini postupak registracije poduzea.]

9.3. Javno trgovako drutvo to je javno trgovako drutvo?[footnoteRef:10] [10: LO, V., TIAN, X. Law for Foreign Business and Investment in China, Oxon, United Kingdom. 2009. p. 53 (The term "partnership enterprise" refers to the general partnership enterprises and limited liability partnership enterprises which are established within China by natural persons, legal persons and other organizations in accordance with the law. A general partnership enterprise may be formed by general partners. The partners shall bear unlimited joint and several liabilities for the debts of the partnership enterprise. If this Law has any special provisions on the way in which the general partners shall bear liabilities, these special provisions shall prevail.)Ovaj citat je uzet jer objanjava to je u stvari javno trgovako drutvo u Kini.]

Koji su uvjeti osnivanja?[footnoteRef:11] [11: MARCH, N., KADET, J. Partnership in China: The New Frontier, National Real Estate Industry Practice, 2008. p. 11 [pristupljeno: 03.12.2014.] (To establish a partnership enterprise, the following conditions shall be satisfied:(1)Having 2 or more partners. If the partners are natural persons, they shall have complete civil capacity; (2)Having a written partnership agreement; (3)Having capital contributions subscribed to or actually paid by the partners; (4)Having a name and a production and business operation place for the partnership enterprise; and (5)Other conditions as provided for by laws and administrative regulations. The name of a partnership enterprise shall be indicated by the words "General partnership".)Ovaj citat je izrabran jer objanjava uvjete osnivanja javnog trgovakog drutva u Kini.]

Koje stavke mora sadravati statut?[footnoteRef:12] [12: DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the Peoples Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 6 [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (A partnership agreement shall state the following matters: (1) The name and address of the main business operation place of a partnership enterprise; (2) The purpose and business scope of partnership; (3)The name and domicile of each partner; (4)The ways and amount of capital contribution by partners and the time limit for payment; (5)The profit distribution and loss sharing; (6)The execution of the partnership affairs; (7)The admission to and withdrawal from partnership; (8)The settlement of disputes; (9)The dissolution and liquidation of the partnership enterprise; and(10)The liabilities for breach of contract.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer objanjava koje stavke treba sadravati statut.]

Kakav je postupak registracije?[footnoteRef:13] [13: LO, V., TIAN, X. Law for Foreign Business and Investment in China, Oxon, United Kingdom. 2009. p. 53 (To establish a partnership enterprise, the following conditions shall be satisfied: (1)Having 2 or more partners. If the partners are natural persons, they shall have complete civil capacity; (2)Having a written partnership agreement; (3)Having capital contributions subscribed to or actually paid by the partners; (4)Having a name and a production and business operation place for the partnership enterprise; and (5)Other conditions as provided for by laws and administrative regulations.)Ovaj citat je izabran jer definira postupak registracije javnog trgovakog drutva.]

9.4. Komanditno drutvo to je komanditno drutvo?[footnoteRef:14] [14: MARCH, N., KADET, J. Partnership in China: The New Frontier, National Real Estate Industry Practice, 2008. p. 11 [pristupljeno: 01.12.2014.] (A limited partnership enterprise is formed by a combination of general partners and limited partners where the limited partners bear the liabilities for the partnership's debts to the extent of their capital contributions.)Ovaj citat je odabran jer prikazuje to je u stvari u Kini komanditno drutvo.]

Koji su uvjeti osnivanja?[footnoteRef:15] [15: DICKINSON, S., HARRIS, M. Introduction to the New Company Law of the Peoples Republic of China, New York, 2005. p. 6 [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (A partner may contribute capital to the partnership to garner a share of the partnership's profits or losses. A capital contribution may include money, intellectual property right, land use right or other properties, or labor services at a valuation determined by agreement among the partners. If the partnership is a limited partnership, then the limited partners may not make capital contributions with labor services.)]

9.5. Obrt to je obrt?[footnoteRef:16] [16: LO, V., TIAN, X. Law for Foreign Business and Investment in China, Oxon, United Kingdom. 2009. p. 49 (For purposes of this Law, a sole proprietorship enterprise means a business entity established within China with its capital contributed by one individual and its assets owned personally by the sole proprietor, who assumes unlimited liability to the extent of his personal assets. A sole proprietorship enterprise's main place of business shall be its domicile.)Ovaj citat je uzet jer definira to je obrt po zakonu u Kini.]

Koji su uvjeti potrebni za uspostavu obrta?[footnoteRef:17] [17: LIN, L. Private equity limited partnerships in china: A critical evaluation of active limited partners, Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 2013. p. 5 [pristupljeno: 02.12.2014.] (For the establishment of a sole proprietorship enterprise, the following conditions shall be met: (i) The sole proprietor is a natural person; (ii) There is a lawful enterprise name; (iii) There is capital contribution declared by the sole proprietor; (iv) There is a permanent place and the necessary conditions for production and operation; (v) There are necessary personnel.)Ovaj citat je uzet jer objanjava uvjete registracije obrta.]

Prestanak i likvidacija obrta[footnoteRef:18] [18: LO, V., TIAN, X. Law for Foreign Business and Investment in China, Oxon, United Kingdom. 2009. p. 49 (A sole proprietorship enterprise shall be dissolved in any of the following circumstances: (i) The sole proprietor decides to dissolve the sole proprietorship enterprise; (ii) The sole proprietor is deceased or is declared deceased, and there is no heir or the heir has renounced his inheritance; (iii) Its business license is lawfully revoked; (iv) Any other situation prescribed by law or administrative regulations has occurred. Where a sole proprietorship enterprise is to be dissolved, the sole proprietor shall conduct liquidation himself, or the creditors thereof may apply to the People's Court to designate a liquidator to conduct liquidation.)Ovaj citat je preuzet jer objanjava okolnosti likvidacije obrta.]