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Emission Control System

Purpose

● The emission control systems areinstalled to reduce the amount of CO, HC

and Nox exhausted from the engine.

● To prevent the atmospheric releaseof blow by gas HC and evaporated fuelcontaining HC being released from the

tan.


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Function of each system

!. "C# $ %educe HC

&. '#(" $ %educe evaporative HC

). '*% $ %educe NOx

+. TC $ %educe CO, HC, NOx


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Type of Exhaust EmissionPollutants

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

● Carbon monoxide is a colorless,odorless, tasteless and toxic gasproduced as a by-product ofcombustion.

● ( product of incomplete combustion.

● The main source of CO in our air isvehicles emission.


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Health Efects

● CO reduce the bloods ability tocarry oxygen to body tissue includingvital organs such as the heart and

brain.

● /t is most harmful to those who

su0er from heart and respiratorydisease.


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Symptoms Associated With a GivenConcentration of CO Over Time


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Nitroen Oxide !Nox" ● *enerated when nitrogen in the air reacts with

oxygen at the high temperature and pressure in sidethe engine.

● Nox gases are formed everywhere where there iscombustion $ lie in an engine.

● /n areas of high motor vehicle tra1c, such as in

large cities, the amount of nitrogen oxides emittedinto the atmosphere as air pollution can be signi2cant.

● No x react to form smog and acid rain.

● 3uel NO x can contribute as much as 456 of totalemissions when combusting oil and as much as 756when combusting coal.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution


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#ealth effects

● NO x reacts with ammonia,moisture, and other compounds toform nitric acid vapor and relatedparticles.

● 8mall particles can penetratedeeply into sensitive lung tissue and

damage it, causing premature deathin extreme cases.

● /nhalation of such particles maycause or worsen respiratory diseases

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia


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Sulfur Oxide !Sox"

● ( general term for oxide

of sulphur, which areemitted from motor vehicleburning fuel containing

sulphur.


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#ealth effects

● 'missions harm human

health depends primarily onground-level ambientconcentrations, the number

of people exposed andduration of exposure.


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hydrocar$on

/n chemistry, a hydrocarbonis any chemical compound

that consists only of theelements carbon 9C: and

hydrogen 9H:.


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Health effect

High levels of hydrocarbons in the

atmosphere can reduce the amount

of available oxygen. Carcinogenic

(cancer causing) forms of

hydrocarbons are considered

hazardous air pollutants, or air

toxins and can lead to the

development of cancer.


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CATALYTIC CONVERTER

DESIGN


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EGR VALVE


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EGR VALVE


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Basic operation of EGR valve

hen a strong intae manifoldvacuum was pulled 9the less the

throttle was opened ie. ;ou tooyou foot o0 the pedal: the '*%valve opens to let exhaust gases

into the intae manifold. (smore throttle is applied, vacuumdrops and the '*% valve closes.


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EGR SYSTEM


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INSIDE CATALYTIC

CONVERTER


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%eanin of oxidation

Oxidation is the loss of electrons

from an atom, molecule or ion,whereas reduction is the gain of

electrons.


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PCV VALVE


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LOCATION O E!"A#ST GASEMISSION CONTROL COMPONENTS


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