EMOTIONAL CHANGES

 Emotional changes

Physiological behavioral cognitive

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN EMOTION

The systems involved in change are followingAutonomic Nervous SystemGlandular System especially adrenal glandLimbic System

INTRODUCTION Most of the physiological

change that take place during emotional arousal result from activation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic system, as it prepares the body for emergency action.

In normal life, when we experience an intense emotion, such as fear or anger, we become aware of many bodily changes which include

rapid heartbeat and breathing, dryness of the throat and mouth , increased muscle tension, respiration,

trembling of the extremities and a sinking feeling in the stomach.

ROLE OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IN EMOTION

Responsible for most of the physiological changes ANS is the part of the peripheral nervous system that carries information between the brain and all organs of the body. The ANS affects all of the organs such as the heart and blood vessels , the digestive system and so on. The autonomic nervous system coordinates their functioning to meet the needs of the whole organism . it prepares the body for changes by modulating the activity of the organism. Automatic nervous system has two divisionSympathetic Nervous SystemParasympathetic Nervous System

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

prepares the organism for vigorous activity The sympathetic system is responsible for the following changes Blood pressure and heart rate increase. Respiration becomes more rapid. The pupils dilate. Perspiration increases while secretion of saliva and mucous decreases. Blood sugar level increases to provide more energy. In case of wound the blood clots more quickly.

Blood is diverted from the stomach and intestines to the brain and skeletal muscles. The hair on the skin becomes erect, causing "goose bumps".These reactions are called ‘’fight or flight’’ syndrome because they prepare the body to combat or run from a threatening situation

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

The parasympathetic system which is actually energy conserving system, takes over and returns the organism to its normal state.

For example ,during anger , sympathetic nervous system increases the heart rate and the parasympathetic nervous system causes tears to flow in grief

In both the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, there is relay station called a ganglion between the central nervous system and target organs.

ROLE OF ADRENAL GLAND IN EMOTION

also part of sympathetic nervous system adrenal gland has two partsadrenal cortex adrenal medullaboth of which participate in emotional responses

LIMBIC SYSTEM

display of emotional reactionsIt consists ofAmygdalaHippocampusSeptum amygdala is involved In emotional awareness and expressions ;it is also produces reaction of aggression when stimulated. Septum has the opposite effect. It reduces the intensity of emotional reactions when stimulated