emotional control and izof 12

7/28/2019 Emotional Control and Izof 12

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Arousal

What is Arousal then?

Arousal is a combination ofPHYSIOLOGICAL and PSYCHOLOGICAL

excitement or ACTIVATION.The intensity of arousal determines theresponsiveness or direction of thebehaviour i.e. dominant responses.

It is also associated with the CUEUTILISATION and INVERTED U THEORY-How?


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What Influences Arousal?

Arousal is never the same for any 2individuals. 3 Variables interveneand cause variations to optimal

performance.

1. Personality.

2. Complexity of Task.

3. Level of Ability.


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Personality

Extroverts perform best at _____optimal arousal level. An introvertedpersonality type, in contrast,

performs better at _____ optimalarousal point.

Introverts have a very sensitive RAS.

Conclusion?


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Complexity of Task

Simple tasks such as shot putt tend to begross, habitual and have a wide marginfor error.Tasks are best performed when the

performer has a high optimal threshold ofarousal- further to go.Complex tasks are often more perceptual,manipulative and have less room for error

i.e. spin bowling.


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Level of Ability

An expert athlete (autonomous)would find a high level of arousalbeneficial to performance.

Those at novice (cognitive orassociative) who need to concentrateon basic movements, would require a

low level of arousal if they are tocontinue to learn.


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Performance and ArousalThe unbroken linerepresents low optimalarousal required for one,all or a combination ofthe following variables High complexity Low ability Introversion

The broken linerepresents high optimal

arousal required for one,all or a combination ofthe following variables Low complexity High ability

Extroversion


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Anxiety and Performance

The relationship between anxiety andsport performance is extremely important.

What is Anxiety then?

ANXIETY is a NEGATIVE emotional stateassociated with WORRY associated withACTIVATION or AROUSAL.

What is the difference between ANXIETYand AROUSAL?


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2 forms of ANXIETYCOGNITIVE ANXIETY: thethought component of anxiety.It is associated with worry,apprehension and fear of

negative evaluation ofperformance.

SOMATIC ANXIETY: the physicalcomponent and is associated

with increased HR and BP.Somatic anxiety is triggered bycognitive anxiety.


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Question

How can we link CATASTROPHETHEORY into levels of AROUSAL? (3)

High cognitive arousal coincides with a

somatic arousal level past optimal level,the performance of the individual dropssharply.


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STATE and TRAIT anxiety

This relates to the stability of anxiety

STATE ANXIETY: a persons immediatecondition of anxiety in ANY ONE

SITUATION.TRAIT ANXIETY: is a general disposition toperceive situations as threatening. Traitanxiety is part of personality and is

RELETIVELY STABLE.Trait anxiety determines the degree ofstate anxiety that is experienced.


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STRESS

Stress is the trigger that stimulates andincreases both ANXIETY and AROUSAL.

This is when a performer reaches a

challenge they feel they cannot cope with.i.e. a penalty in football.

The penalty is deemed the stressor inthat situation.

There is also conflict, competition andfrustration which are examples ofstressors in sport.


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STRESS and HEALTHY

BALANCED LIFESTYLES

Long term stress can impede healthybalanced lifestyles.

Short term stress and the

subsequent onset of anxiety andarousal can, when controlled, bebeneficial in sport.

This is explained through theINDIVIDUAL ZONE OF OPTIMALFUNCTIONING (IZOF).


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IZOF

Hanin (1986) researched specificallythe effect of anxiety on performance.

Hanin proposed that people respond

differently to anxiety.Hanin concluded that there is not ageneral relationship between

ANXIETY and PERFORMANCE, thoughathletes have there own preferredlevel of anxiety.


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Hanins Model of the IZOF


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IZOF vs. INVERTED U vs.

CATASTROPHE THEORY

As the facilitator of bestperformance, the preferred level ofanxiety is not shown as a point or a

threshold on either of the othertheories- in IZOF it is presented as aband width.


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Further Developments

Randle and Weinberg (1997)proposed that players in team sportshave a preference for a lower IZOF

than athletes competing in individualevents.


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PEAK FLOW

Csikszentmihalyi (1990) proposedthat completion of skill is at optimumlevel when the performer is

controlled and focused.

This creates intrinsic reward, self-fulfilment and happiness.

This is a rarely experienced, holisticsensation known as PEAK FLOW


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Continued

Martens (1992) PEAK FLOW is most likely tooccur when HIGH SOMATIC AROUSAL coincideswith LOW COGNITIVE ANXIETY.

Other factors include

Anxiety Concentration

Attention Style

Confidence

Goal Setting

Environmental Conditions Leadership

Group Cohesion (This is on pg 261- table)


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Work for you

Complete the ANXIETYMANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES on pg260 and the two tables on 261-262

relating to SOMATIC and COGNITIVEANXIETY.


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Thats it!!!

Next weeks lesson will take an examtutorial basis- I will have 3 questionsprepared to get you used to writing

at length for 10, 20 or 30 mins.

Well done for completing what is adifficult area of the course.

emotional control and izof 12

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