employment and earnings march 1987 - st. louis fed · 2018. 11. 7. · employment and earnings vol....

EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGSU.S. Department of LaborBureau of Labor Statistics

March 1987

In this issue:1986 annual averages for national

establishment survey data

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABORWilliam E. Brock, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSJanet L. Norwood, Commissioner

Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office ofEmployment and Unemployment Statistics in collabora-tion with the Office of Publications. The data are col-lected by the Bureau of the Census (Department ofCommerce) and State employment security agencies, incooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A briefdescription of the cooperative statistical programs of theBLS with these agencies is presented in the ExplanatoryNotes. The State agencies are listed on the inside backcover.

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Communications on material in this publication shouldbe addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings,Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212, orphone: Gloria P. Green (202) 523-1959. Send cor-respondence on circulation and subscription matters (in-cluding address changes) to the Superintendent ofDocuments.

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Material in this publication is in the public domain and,with appropriate credit, may be reproduced withoutpermission.

ISSN 0013-6840

Calendar of Features

In addition to the monthly data appearing regularlyin Employment and Earnings, special features appearin most of the issues as shown below.

Household data

Annual averagesUnion affiliation

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Jan.Jan.

Jan., Feb.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, personsnot in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin,Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, familyrelationship data, weekly earnings data, and metro-politan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpovertyarea data Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Establishment data

National annual averages:

Industry divisions (preliminary)

Industry detail (final)

Women employees (final)

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and newseasonal adjustment factors

Revised historical national data

State and area annual averages

Area definitions

State and area labor force data

Annual averages

The latest supplement was published in June 1986.

Jan.

Mar.

Mar.

June

Supplement1

May

May

May


Employment and Earnings

Vol. 34 No. 3 March 1987

Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein

Contents

Page

List of statistical tables.. 2Employment and unemployment developments, February 1987 4

Statistical tables:

Not seasonally adjusted-Household data. 9Establishment data:

Employment . . 44Hours and earnings . . 79

State and area labor force data. 113

Seasonally adjusted-Household data. 36Establishment data:

Employment . . 56Hours and earnings 101

Productivity data 109

Explanatory notes . 119


MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA

Page

Employment Status

A- 1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1953 to date 6

A- 2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1976 to date . 7A- 3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1953 to date 8A- 4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and r a c e . . . . . . . . . . 9A- 5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age . 12A- 6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age 13A- 7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by

school enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. 14A- 8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age . 16A- 9. Employed and unemployed full-and part-time workers by sex, age, and race 17A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship . 18

Characteristics of the Unemployed

A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex. 19A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex . 20A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex . . . . . . . 21A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race 22A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment. 23A-16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment . . . . . . 23A-17. Unemployed persons by sex, age, marital status, and duration of unemployment . 24A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment. 25A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used.. . . . . 26A-20. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used . 26

Characteristics of the Employed

A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex. 27A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age . 28A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex.. 29A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker . 30A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation. 31A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status . 31A-27. Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry 32A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,

and usual status 32A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class pf worker and full- or part-time

status .. . . 33A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full-

or part-time status . . . . . . . . 34A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status . 35

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data

A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationedin the United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted . . . 36

A-33. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age,seasonally adjusted 37

A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age,and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted . 38

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted . 39A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjus ted . . . 40A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted . 40A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted . 41A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted. . . . . . . . . . . 41A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted . 42A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted . 42


MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA

B-B-B-B-

B-

B-

B-

1.2.3.4.

5.

6.

7.

Page

Employment—National

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1935 to date . 43Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry 44Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group 55Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,seasonally adjusted . . . 56

Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,seasonally adjusted . . . . 57

Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry andmanufacturing group, seasonally adjusted . . . 58

Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, seasonally adjusted. 59

Employment—States and Areas

B- 8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry 60

Hours and Earnings—National

C- 1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural

payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date . 79C- 2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural

payrolls by detailed industry 82

C- 2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft manufacturing . . . . . . . . . 98C- 3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls 99C- 4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private

nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars . . . . . 100C- 5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural

payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted. . 101C- 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private non-

agricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted . 102C- 7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or

nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted . 103

Hours and Earnings—States and Areas

C- 8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States andselected areas . 104

PRODUCTIVITY DATA

C- 9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,seasonally adjusted . . . . . 109

C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted . . . . n oC-ll. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,

unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates . I l l

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA

D- 1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas . 113


Employment and UnemploymentDevelopments, February 1987

Employment continued to rise in February, and unemploy-ment was at the same level for the third straight month. Theoverall unemployment rate was 6.6 percent and the civilianworker rate was 6.7 percent; both were half a percentagepoint below year-earlier figures.

Nonagricultural payroll employment—as measured by themonthly survey of establishments—rose by 335,000 in Febru-ary, while civilian employment—as measured by the monthlysurvey of households—was up by 370,000. Both employmentseries have increased by nearly 1.2 million since last October.

UnemploymentThe number of unemployed persons was unchanged in

February, remaining at a seasonally adjusted level of about8.0 million. The jobless rate for civilian workers of 6.7 per-cent remained at its lowest point in nearly 7 years.

Jobless rates for most major labor force groups—adult men(5.9 percent), adult women (5.8 percent), teenagers (18.0percent), whites (5.7 percent), and blacks (14.3 percent)—showed little or no movement from their January levels. Theunemployment rate for Hispanics, which is relatively volatile,dropped to 9.6 percent. (See tables A-33 and A-34.)

The number of persons employed part time for economicreasons—sometimes referred to as the partially unemployed-increased by 275,000 in February. Their total has generallyfluctuated in the 5.5 to 5.8 million range for the past 3 years.(See table A-35.)

Civilian employment and the labor forceCivilian employment rose by 370,000 in February, after

seasonal adjustment, following a similar increase in the priormonth, as the proportion of the civilian population that isemployed edged up to a new high of 61.2 percent. The gainwas concentrated among married women, whose employ-ment rose by 290,000. (See tables A-33 and A-35.)

The civilian labor force continued to expand, rising by315,000 to a seasonally adjusted level of 119.3 million. Thelabor force participation rate rose to 65.6 percent, also a newhigh. Over the year, the labor force was up by 2.2 million,with adult women accounting for nearly 3 out of every 5added members.

in February, reaching a seasonally adjusted level of nearly102 million. There have been increases of at least 240,000in each of the last 6 months, with the largest in January andFebruary. As in previous months, the February gain oc-curred largely in the service-producing sector, reflecting in-creases in the services and retail trade industries, the latterparticularly in general merchandise stores. The finance, in-surance, and real estate industry also experienced an employ-ment increase. (See table B-4.)

Manufacturing employment rose by 50,000, due in largepart to the return of workers after settlement of labor disputesin the steel and machinery industries. While there was a smallrebound in motor vehicles and equipment, most other fac-tory payrolls, both in durables and nondurables, were littlechanged.

Employment in the other goods-producing industries wasessentially unchanged. Mining remained at a very low level,and the construction industry, which had risen markedly inJanuary after seasonal adjustment, was unchanged in February.

Weekly hoursThe average workweek of production or nonsupervisory

workers on private nonagricultural payrolls expanded by 0.2hour to 35.0 hours, seasonally adjusted. Weekly hours inmanufacturing rose 0.3 hour to 41.2. This was the longestfactory workweek since November 1966. (See table C-5.)

As a result of the increase in both employment and hoursof work, the index of aggregate weekly hours of productionor nonsupervisory workers on private nonagriculturalpayrolls rose by 1.1 percent to 121.1 (1977 = 100), seasonallyadjusted. The manufacturing index rose by almost the samemagnitude to 94.5. (See table C-6.)

Hourly and weekly earningsAverage hourly earnings rose 0.5 percent in February,

after allowance for seasonality, while weekly earnings in-creased 1.0 percent. Prior to seasonal adjustment, hourlyearnings rose by 2 cents to $8.89 and weekly earnings wereup $2.46 to $307.59. Over the year, hourly earnings rose15 cents and weekly earnings were up $6.93. (See tables C-land C-7.)

Industry payroll employmentTotal nonagricultural payroll employment rose by 335,000

The Hourly Earnings IndexThe Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 171.4 (1977 = 100)


in February, seasonally adjusted, an increase of 0.5 percentfrom January. For the 12 months ended in February, the in-crease was 1.9 percent. The HEI excludes the effects of twotypes of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate

movements—fluctuations in manufacturing overtime andinterindustry employment shifts. In dollars of constant pur-chasing power, the HEI increased 0.9 percent during the12-month period ended in January. (See table C-7.)

Scheduled Release Dates

Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on thefollowing dates:

Reference month

March

April

May

Release date

April 3

May 8

June 5

Reference month

June

July

August

Release date

July 2

August 7

September 4


HOUSEHOLD DATAHISTORICAL

A-1. Employment status of the nonlnstitutional population 16 years and over, 1953 to date

(Numbers in thousands)

Yearand

month

Noninsti-tutional

population

Labor force

NumberPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

TotalResidentArmedForces

Civilian

Total AgricultureNonagriculturai

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not inlaborforce

Annual averages

19531

195419551956195719581959

I9601

196119621

1963196419651966196719681969

1970197119721

19731

197419751976197719781

1979

19801981198219831984198519861

1986:February...MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctober....NovemberDecember

1987:January ....February...

109,287110,463111,747112,919114,213115,574117,117

119,106120,671122,214124.422126,503128,459130,180132,092134,281136,573

139,203142,189145,939148,870151,841154,831157,818160,689163,541166,460

169,349171,775173,939175,891178,080179,912182,293

181,512181,678181,843181,998182,183182,354182,525182,713182,935183,114183,297

183,575183,738

65,24665,78567,08768,51768,87769,48670,157

71,48972,35972,67573,83975.10976,40177,89279,56580,99082,972

84,88986,35588,84791,20393,67095,45397,826100,665103,882106,559

108,544110,315111,872113,226115,241117,167119,540

59.759.660.060.760.360.159.9

60.060.059.559.359.459.559.860.260.360.8

61.060.760.961.361.761.662.062.663.564.0

64.164.264.364.464.765.165.6

63,41062,25164,23465,76466,01964,88366,418

67,63967,64668,76369,76871,32373,03475,01776,59078,17380,140

80,79681,34083,96686,83888,51587,52490,42093,67397,679

100,421

100,907102,042101,194102,510106,702108,856111,303

2,2312,1422,0641,9651,9481,8471,788

1,8611,9002,0612,0062,0181,9462,1222,2182,2532,238

2,1181,9731,8131,7741,7211,6781,6681,6561,6311,597

1,6041,6451,6681,6761,6971,7061,706

61,17960,10962,17063,79964,07163,03664,630

65,77865,74666,70267,76269,30571,08872,89574,37275,92077,902

78,67879,36782,15385,06486,79485,84688,75292,01796,04898,824

99,303100,39799,526

100,834105,005107,150109,597

6,2606,2056,4506,2835,9475,5865,565

5,4585,2004,9444,6874,5234,3613,9793,8443,8173,606

3,4633,3943,4843,4703,5153,4083,3313,2833,3873,347

3,3643,3683,4013,3833,3213,1793,163

54,91953,90455,72257,51458,12357,45059,065

60,31860,54661,75963,07664,78266,72668,91570,52772,10374,296

75,21575,97278,66981,59483,27982,43885,42188,73492,66195,477

95,93897,03096,12597,450

101,685103,971106,434

1,8343,5322,8522,7502,8594,6023,740

3,8524,7143,9114,0703,7863,3662,8752,9752,8172,832

4,0935,0164,8824,3655,1567,9297,4066,9916,2026,137

7,6378,273

10,67810,7178,5398,3128,237

2.85.44.34.04.26.65.3

5.46.55.45.55.04.43.73.73.53.4

4.85.85.54.85.58.37.66.96.05.8

7.07.59.59.57.47.16.9

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

118,733118,880118,987119,274119,685119,789119,821119,988120,163120,426120,336

120,782121,089

65.465.465.465.565.765.765.665.765.765.865.7

65.865.9

110,248110,500110,664110,852111,293111,559111,764111,703111,941112,183112,387

112,759113,122

1,6911,6931,6951,6871,6801,6721,6971,7161,7491,7511,750

1,7481,740

108,557108,807108,969109,165109,613109,887110,067109,987110,192110,432110,637

111,011111,382

3,1053,2523,1993,1513,1643,1243,0573,1423,1623,2153,161

3,1453,236

105,452105,555105,770106,014106,449106,763107,010106,845107,030107,217107,476

107,866108,146

8,4858,3808,3238,4228,3928,2308,0578,2858,2228,2437,949

8,0237,967

7.17.07.07.17.0e.96.76.96.86.86.6

6.66.6

44,04144,67844,66044,40245,33646,08846,960

47,61748,31249,53950,58351,39452,05852,28852,52753,29153,602

54,31555,83457,09157,66758,17159,37759,99160,02559,65959,900

60,80661,46062,06762,66562,83962,74462,752

62,77962,79862,85662,72462,49862,56562,70462,72562,77262,68862,961

62,79362,649

1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of theExplanatory Notes.

2 The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for

seasonal variation.NOTE: Seasonally adjusted household survey data shown in tables A-

1,2,3 and 32-53 have been revised based on the experience throughDecember 1986. Data for 1982-86 are subject to revision.



A-2. Employment status of the noninstltutlonal population 16 years and over by sex, 1976 to date


Sex, year,and month

Noninsti-tutional

population

Labor force

NumberPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

TotalResidentArmedForces

Civilian

Total AgricultureNonagricultural

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not inlaborforce

MEN1976197719781

1979

198019811982198319841985

1986:February...MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctober....NovemberDecember

1987:January ....February...

WOMEN1976197719781

1979

19801981198219831984198519861

1986:FebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptember..OctoberNovember...December...

1987:JanuaryFebruary

75,34176,75678,10779,509

80,87782,02383,05284,06485,15686,02587,349

86,95487,03587,12087,19587,28887,37387,46087,55687,68287,77387,868

88,020

82,47683,93285,43486,951

88,47289,75190,88791,82792,92493,88694,944

94,55894,64394,72394,80394,89594,98195,06595,15695,25395,34195,429

95,55695,639

Annual averages

58,75659,95961,15162,215

62,93263,48663,97964,58065,38665,96766,973

78.078.178.378.2

77.877.477.076.876.876.776.7

54,72056,29158,01059,096

58,66558,90957,80058,32060,64261,44762,443

1,5821,5631,5311,489

1,4791,5121,5291,5331,5511,5561,551

53,13854,72856,47957,607

57,18657,39756,27156,78759,09159,89160,892

2,7442,6712,7182,686

2,7092,7002,7362,7042,6682,5352,511

50,39452,05753,76154,921

54,47754,69753,53454,08356,42357,35658,381


66,73766,79366,77066,85466,93766,96866,91167,12867,13067,40767,425

67,67267,764

76.776.776.676.776.776.676.576.776.676.876.7

76.976.9

62,14262,22162,25362,20162,31862,40262,48362,52862,56562,83362,986

63,18763,335

1,5391,5401,5411,5331,5251,5181,5411,5601,5901,5921,593

1,5911,584

60,60360,68160,712

60,79360,88460,94260,96860,97561,24161,393

61,59661,751

2,4662,6212,5722,5102,5412,4862,3972,4952,5132,5062,489

2,4742,544

58,13758,06058,14058,15858,25258,39858,54558,47358,46258,73558,904

59,12359,207

Annual averages

39,06940,70542,73144,343

45,61146,82947,89448,64649,85551,20052,568

47.448.550.051.0

51.652.252.753.053.754.555.4

35,70137,38139,66941,325

42,24143,13343,39544,19046,06147,40948,861

8692100108

124133139143146150155

35,61537,28939,56941,217

42,11743,00043,25644,04745,91547,25948,706

588612669661

656667665680653644652

35,02736,67738,90040,556

41,46142,33342,59143,36745,26246,61548,054


51,99652,08752,21752,42052,74852,82152,91052,86053,03353,01952,911

53,11053,325

55.055.055.155.355.655.655.755.655.755.655.4

55.655.8

48,10648,27948,41148,65148,97549,15749,28149,17549,37649,35049,401

49,57249,787

152153154154155154156156159159157

157156

47,95448,12648,25748,49748,82049,00349,12549,01949,21749,19149,244

49,41549,631

639631627641623638660647649709672

671692

47,31547,49547,63047,85648,19748,36548,46548,37248,56848,48248,572

48,74448,939

4,0363,6673,1423,120

4,2674,5776,1796,2604,7444,5214,530

4,5954,5724,5174,6534,6194,5664,4284,6004,5654,5744,439

4,4844,429

3,3693,3243,0613,018

3,3703,6964,4994,4573,7943,7913,707

3,8903,8083,8063,7693,7733,6643,6293,6853,6573,6693,510

3,5383,538

6.15.15.0

7.29.79.77.36.96.8

6.96.86.87.06.96.86.66.96.86.86.6

6.66.5

8.68.27.26.8

7.47.99.49.27.67.47.1

7.57.37.37.27.26.96.97.06.96.96.6

6.76.6

16,58516,79716,95617,293

17,94518,53719,07319,48419,77120,05820,376

20,21720,24220,35020,34120,35120,40520,54920,42820,55220,36620,443

20,34820,335

43,40643,22742,70342,608

42,86142,92242,99343,18143,06842,68642,376

42,56242.55642,50642,38342,14742,16042,15542,29642,22042,32242,518

42,44642,314

1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "HistoricalComparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.

The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.



A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1953 to date


Yearand

month

Civiliannoninsti-tutional

population

Civilian labor force

TotalPercent ofpopulation Employed Unemployed

Unemployment rates

Total Men Women

Annual averages

19531

1954.1955.1956.1957.1958.1959.

I9601

1961 .19621

1963.1964.1965.1966.1967.1968.1969.

1970.1971 .19721

19731

1974.1975.1976,197719781

1979

19801981198219831984198519861

1986:February ...MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovember.December.

1987:JanuaryFebruary ...

107,056108,321109,683110,954112,265113,727115,329

117,245118,771120,153122,416124,485126,513128,058129,874132,028134,335

137,085140,216144,126147,096150,120153,153156,150159,033161,910164,863

167,745170,130172,271174,215176,383178,206180,587

63,01563,64365,02366,55266,92967,63968,369

69,62870,45970,61471,83373,09174,45575,77077,34778,73780,734

82,77184,38287,03489,42991,94993,77596,15899,009

102,251104,962

106,940108,670110,204111,550113,544115,461117,834

179,821179,985180,148180,311180,503180,682180,828180,997181,186181,363181,547

181,827181,998

117,042117,187117,292117,587118,005118,117118,124118,272118,414118,675118,586

119,034119,349

58.958.859.360.059.659.559.3

59.459.358.858.758.758.959.259.659.660.1

60.460.260.460.861.361.261.662.363.263.7

63.863.964.064.064.464.865.3

61,17960,10962,17063,79964,07163,03664,630

65,77865,74666,70267,76269,30571,08872,89574,37275,92077,902

78,67879,36782,15385,06486,79485,84688,75292,01796,04898,824

99,303100,39799,526

100,834105,005107,150109,597

1,8343,5322,8522,7502,8594,6023,740

3,8524,7143,9114,0703,7863,3662,8752,9752,8172,832

4,0935,0164,8824,3655,1567,9297,4066,9916,2026,137

7,6378,273

10,67810,7178,5398,3128,237

2.95.54.44.14.36.85.5

5.56.75.55.75.24.53.83.83.63.5

4.95.95.64.95.68.57.77.16.15.8

7.17.69.79.67.57.27.0


65.165.165.165.265.465.465.365.365.465.465.3

65.565.6

108,557108,807108,969109,165109,613109,887110,067109,987110,192110,432110,637

111,011111,382

8,4858,3808,3238,4228,3928,2308,0578,2858,2228,2437,949

8,0237,967

7.27.27.17.27.17.06.87.06.96.96.7

6.76.7

2.85.34.23.84.16.85.2

5.46.45.25.24.64.03.23.12.92.8

4.45.35.04.24.97.97.16.35.35.1

6.97.49.99.97.47.06.9

7.07.06.97.17.17.06.87.07.06.96.7

6.86.7

3.36.04.94.84.76.85.9

5.97.26.26.56.25.54.85.24.84.7

5.96.96.66.06.79.38.68.27.26.8

7.47.99.49.27.67.47.1

7.57.37.37.27.27.06.97.06.96.96.7

6.76.7

1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the

Explanatory Notes.2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.


HOUSEHOLD DATANOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstftutlonal population by age, sex, and race


Age, sex, and race

February 1987


population

181,99814,5467,4677,07919,19498,44742,15921,45320,70533,32218,43714,66422,96712,11610,85121,93411,11610,81927,8759,6457,52110,709

86,5157,2993,8103,4889,303

48,08220,69810,52610,17216,2689,0307,23811,1165,8815,23510,3175,2845,03311,5134,3663,2143,933

95,4837,2473,6563,5909,892

50,36521,46010,92710,53317,0549,4077,64611,8516,2355,61611,6175,8325,78616,3625,2794,3076,776

Total

117,9677,2712,9594,31214,96781,08234,96217,90417,05728,10415,52512,57918,0179,8498,16811,7247,1134,6112,9231,777717429

65,3143,7661,5442,2227,828

45,04419,5169,8629,65415,4158,5826,83310,1135,4734,6406,9154,1792,7361,7611,061438262

52,6533,5051,4152,0907,139

36,03815,4468,0427,40312,6896,9435,7467,9044,3763,5284,8092,9341,8751,162716279167


Percentof

population

64.850.039.660.978.082.482.983.582.484.384.284.578.481.375.353.464.042.610.518.49.54.0

75.551.640.563.784.193.794.393.794.994.895.094.491.093.188.667.079.154.415.324.313.66.7

55.148.438.758.272.271.672.073.670.374.473.875.166.770.262.841.450.332.47.113.66.52.5

Employed

109,4645,8752,3413,53513,24076,20232,42516,51415,91126,64414,67011,97417,1339,3667,76611,3066,8504,4562,8401,727695418

60,3372,9811,1961,7856,807

42,20818,0529,0748,97814,5888,0936,4959,5685,1954,3736,6394,0002,6391,7021,025423253

49,1262,8941,1441,7506,43333,99414,3737,4406,93312,0566,5775,4797,5654,1713,3934,6672,8501,8171,138702272165

Unemployed

Number

8,5031,396619111

1,7264,8812,5371,3901,1471,46085560588448140241726315583502211

4,976784348437

1,0212,8361,465788676827489338545277267276179975936159

3,527611271340706

2,0451,0726024716333662673392041351428458241472

Percentof

laborforce

7.219.220.918.011.56.07.37.86.75.25.54.84.94.94.93.63.73.42.82.83.12.6

7.620.822.519.713.06.37.58.07.05.45.74.95.45.15.84.04.33.53.43.43.43.5

6.717.419.116.39.95.76.97.56.45.05.34.74.34.73.82.92.93.12.02.02.51.4

Not in labor force

TOTAL

64,0317,2754,5082,7674,22817,3667,1973,5493,6485,2182,9132,3054,9502,2682,68210,2114,0036,20824,9527,8686,80410,280

21,2013,5332,2671,2671,4753,0391,182664518853448405

1,003408595

3,4021,1052,2979,7523,3052,7763,671

42,8303,7412,2411,5002,75314,3276,0152,8853,1304,3652,4651,9003,9471,8602,0876,8082,8983,91115,2004,5634,0286,609

Keepinghouse

29,23542997332

1,54012,3495,1462,4012,7463,8072,1031,6743,3961,5841,8125,2812,3302,9519,6363,1482,5873,901

50915772017349282268521657213511442721873735115

28,72641489325

1,52012,1765,0972,3732,7243,7392,0811,6583,3401,5631,7775,1672,2882,8799,4503,1112,5523,786

Goingto

school

9,7506,4714,2762,1952,0311,2118355482872972098779582226161012525

4,9533,3112,1821,1281,07655142429612810569352216610555113

4,7983,1602,0931,06795466041125215919214052574216171157412

Unableto

work

2,8002041672907240107133282124158385163222706353353

1,095250228618

1,537132115157814354891838010325210015244521523044913799213

1,264715203299753449944551336370260138123647113129405

Otherreasons

22,245355132223585

2,898976493482832446386

1,090464626

4,1981,3042,89414,2094,4663,9855,758

14,20319575120327

1,736566286279498247251672271401

2,833843

1,9909,1123,1312,6403,341

8,04316057103258

1,162411207203334199135417193225

1,365460904

5,0981,3351,3452,417

TOTAL

16 years and over16 to 19 years

16 to 17 years18 to 19 years


25 to 34 years25 to 29 years30 to 34 years




65 years and over65 to 69 years70 to 74 years75 years and over

Men









Women











A-4. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by age, sex, and race—Continued


Age, sex, and race

February 1987

Civilian

noninsti-tutional

population

156,43111,9106,1075,803

16,01784,05135,56418,04717,51728,69815,78012,91819,78910,4119,378

19,3399,7389,601

25,1158,6296,7809,705

74,9145,9913,1222,8707,832

41,55217,7048,9678,736

14,1657,8106,3559,6835,1114,5729,1434,6634,480

10,3973,9292,9103,557

81,5175,9192,9852,9348,185

42,49917,8609,0808,781

14,5337,9706,563

10,1065,3004,806

10,1965,0755,121

14,7184,7003,8706,148


Total

101,8096,3302,6283,702

12,80869,60129,71615,26014,45624,30713,35110,95615,5788,4647,114

10,4236,2884,1352,6471,599

654394

57,1313,2911,3781,9146,735

39,28316,8658,5098,356

13,5517,4956,0568,8664,7854,0816,2113,7332,4771,611

963403246

44,6783,0391,2511,7886,073

30,31812,8516,7516,100

10,7555,8564,9006,7123,6793,0334,2122,5551,6581,035

636251148

Percentof

population

65.153.243.063.880.082.883.684.682.584.784.684.878.781.375.953.964.643.110.518.59.64.1

76.354.944.166.786.094.595.394.995.695.796.095.391.693.689.367.980.155.315.524.513.86.9

54.851.341.961.074.271.372.074.469.574.073.574.766.469.463.141.350.332.4

7.013.56.52.4

Employed

95,3775,2612,1343,127

11,55165,89927,84314,21713,62523,16312,70110,46214,8938,0926,801

10,0856,0744,0112,5801,561

637383

53,2102,6701,0831,5875,945

37,05015,7327,8897,842

12,8967,1205,7778,4224,5503,8725,9853,5862,3991,560

934390236

42,1672,5901,0511,5405,607

28,84912,1116,3285,783

10,2665,5814,6856,4713,5422,9294,1002,4881,6121,021

627247147

Unemployed

Number

6,4321,070

495575

1,2573,7021,8731,043

8291,144

65149368537231333721412466381810

3,921621295326790

2,2331,133

620513655376279444235209225147785229149

2,511449200249466

1,469740423316489275214241137104112674614941

Percentof

laborforce

6.316.918.815.59.85.36.36.85.74.78.04.54.44.45.23.23.43.02.52.42.82.5

6.918.921.417.111.75.76.77.36.14.85.04.65.04.95.13.63.93.23.23.03.53.8

5.614.816.013.97.74.85.86.35.24.54.74.43.63.73.42.72.62.81.41.51.61.0

Not in labor force

TOTAL

54,6225,5793,4782,1013,209

14,4505,8482,7863,0624,3912,4281,9624,2111,9472,2648,9163,4505,466

22,4687,0316,1259,312

17,7832,7001,744

9561,0972,269

839458381614314299817326491

2,932929

2,0038,7852,9672,5063,312

36,8402,8801,7341,1452,112

12,1815,0092,3282,6813,7772,1141,6633,3951,6211,7735,9842,5203,463

13,6834,0643,6196,000

Keepinghouse

25,597332

81251

1,20610,6354,3691,9912,3783,3241,8481,4742,9421,4021,5894,6712,0302,6428,7532,8362,3403,576

362928

10108241015433310411922722349

1633220

110

25,235323

80243

1,19610,5274,3441,9812,3633,2811,8221,4592,9011,3771,5244,6002,0072,5928,5902,8042,3203,466

Goingto

school

7,4744,9613,2911,6701,574

9046094022072241537073541923141011434

3,7702,5381,678

859834385308225

83583721201467355113

3,7042,4231,613

81174051930117712416611649534013161156321

Unableto

work

2,201194

1543

67418178

103207

89118285114170577297279889176183530

1,219132

1033

4431174671

1305475

19673

123366180186365

9879

188

982615

11231

643232783543894147

21111794

52478

104342

Otherreasons

19,350268103165386

2,237689317373635331305912383529

3,6451,1092,535

12,8154,0143,6005,201

12,4321416279

2201,332

389178212383190193560220340

2,487724

1,7638,2522,8352,4063,011

6,9181274187

165905300139161253141112352163189

1,158385773

4,5631,1791,1942,190

WHITE







55 to 64 years55 to 59 years !60 to 64 years


If AnMen









Women









10



A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued


Age, sex, and race

February 1987

Civilian

noninsti-tutional

population

20,2182,1481,1101,0382,59711,0505,1012,6522,4493,5082,0231,4852,4411,2901,1512,0911,098993

2,332850

1,482

9,0641,055558496

1,1824,9482,3021,1981,1041,562901661

1,084573511941496444939369570

11,1541,093552542

1,4156,1022,7991,4541,3451,9461,122824

1,357717640

1,150601549

1,393481912

Total

12,696778259519

1,7958,8704,1262,0872,0382,8911,6891,2021,8531,045808

1,03064238722314281

6,315388129258906

4,3472,0471,0361,0111,3698005689325094235483452031257945

6,381390129261889

4,5232,0791,0511,0271,523889634921536385481297184996336


Percentof

population

62.836.223.350.069.180.380.978.783.282.483.580.975.981.070.249.258.539.09.616.75.5

69.736.823.252.176.787.989.086.591.687.688.886.086.088.882.758.369.545.813.321.57.9

57.235.723.448.262.874.174.272.376.478.379.376.967.974.760.241.849.433.57.113.13.9

Employed

10,872488150338

1,3527,8553,5421,7701,7722,6401,5091,1311,67394772697260836420513076

5,40523978161698

3,8451,763886877

1,2367025348464753715083181901167245

5,46724972177654

4,0101,779884895

1,404807597827472355464290174895831

Unemployed

Number

1,824290109181443

1,01658431826625118171180978258342318135

90914851972085042851501341339934863452412714881

91514157842355123001681321198237946330177101054

Percentof

laborforce

14.437.242.034.924.711.514.215.213.18.710.75.99.79.3

10.15.65.36.18.19.26.2

14.438.339.737.623.011.613.914.513.39.7

12.36.09.26.612.47.47.86.76.79.7(1)

14.336.244.332.226.411.314.415.912.97.89.25.8

10.211.87.83.62.55.39.8(1)O

Not in labor force

TOTAL

7,5221,370852518802

2,179975564411616333283588245343

1,062456606

2,109708

1,401

2,75066742923827659925416193193100931526488392151241815290525

4,772703422281526

1,580721403318423233190436181255669304365

1,294418876

Keepinghouse

2,859881276289

1,238554297257337178159347141207491240251753265488

12722-156324177251961431237162120515

2,733861077284

1,175530280250312159153333138195454224230733260473

Goingto

school

1,6821,2018163863101711278641402912423

850615417199158775237162316822

83258639918715294754925171342

3

Unableto

work

5371

127205542925672939843647116506518865123

278-

-1911122715462027431824713139773443

2581

1894322210219124118234519261113180

Otherreasons

2,4427924551765642401528717197731536686455166290

1,168378790

1,4934910399434715510055984652944152285104181718251467

9493014168221785523273512159253417061109450127323

BLACK








65 years and over65 to 69 years70 years and over








65 years and over....65 to 69 years70 years and over .

Women








65 years and over65 to 69 years70 years and over ..

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

11



A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex


Age and sex

February 1987


population


TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

Total AgricultureNonagri-cultural

industries

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not inlaborforce

TOTAL









Men









Women









25,5672,6361,3601,2753,178

14,3976,5953,4073,1884,6242,6571,9673,1781,7051,4732,5961,3781,2182,7611,016

7411,004

11,6011,308

689619

1,4716,5312,9951,5591,4362,1031,220

8631,433

770663

1,175622553

1,117437304376

13,9661,328

671657

1,7067,8663,6001,8481,7522,5211,4371,0841,745

935810

1,421757665

1,644579437628

16,158941331610

2,15911,4825,2462,6441,3723,7972,1741,6232,4391,3841,0541,301

825476276178

6335

8,183474166308

1,0935,7612,6511,3531,2981,8631,087

in1,247

687559704446259150

983516

7,976466165302

1,0665,7212,5941,2911,3031,9341,087

8461,192

697495597379217127802819

63.235.724.347.867.979.879.577.643.082.181.882.576.781.271.650.159.939.110.017.58.53.5

70.536.324.149.874.388.288.586.890.488.689.068.087.089.384.360.071.746.813.422.511.54.3

57.135.124.545.962.572.772.169.974.476.775.678.168.374.561.242.050.132.7

7.713.86.43.0

14,087615207408

1,68910,3034,5822,2982,2843,4821,9701,5122,2401,275

9651,221

7764452591665934

7,127311113198863

5,1582,3201,1851,1351,692

974719

1,146645501654414240142913516

6,960304

94210826

5,1452,2621,1131,1491,790

996793

1,094630464567362205117752418

153413

159135152033122123

618271313165

101

131413

127728131529111820

51524111314581

22

31472541331333

2

2

13,934610205405

1,67410,2114,5472,2822,2643,4491,9581,4912,2161,269

9471,194

7624322431614833

6,996307112195850

5,0812,2921,1721,1201,663

963701

1,126640486630403227128862615

6,93730494

210824

5,1302,2551,1101,1441,785

995790

1,090629461565360205115752218

2,071326124202470

1,17966434631731520411119911089804931171241

1,05516353

11023060333116816317111358

1014358503219871

1,0161627192

23957633317815414491539967313017129531

12.834.737.533.121.810.312.713.123.1

8.39.46.88.27.98.46.16.06.46.16.7

12.934.532.135.821.110.512.512.412.69.2

10.47.58.16.2

10.47.27.27.25.17.1

12.734.843.030.422.510.112.813.811.87.48.46.38.39.76.34.94.65.67.46.3

9,4091,6951,029

6661,0192,9151,349

763587827484343739320418

1,295553742

2,484838677969

3,41883352331137876934320613824013410618682

104470176294967339268360

5,990862507355641

2,1461,006

557449588350237553238314825377447

1,517499409609

1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

12



A-6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age


Employment status andrace

Total

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Men, 20 years andover

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Women, 20 years andover

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Both sexes, 16 to 19years

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional populationCivilian labor force

Percent of populationEmployed

AgricultureNonagricultural industries

UnemployedUnemployment rate

Not in labor force

White





Not in labor force

Black





Not in labor force

179,821115,725

64.4106,685

2,663104,021

9,0417.8

64,096

154,889100,099

64.693,1442,497

90,6476,954

6.954,790

19,86312,318

62.010,485

10710,3781,83314.9

7,544

181,998117,967

64.8109,464

2,764106,700

8,5037.2

64,031

156,431101,809

65.195,3772,611

92,7666,432

6.354,622

20,21812,696

62.810,872

11310,7591,82414.4

7,522

78,17160,686

77.656,3252,025

54,3004,361

7.217,486

68,15153,191

78.049,779

1,89147,889

3,4126.4

14,960

7,8495,78973.8

4,97492

4,88281514.1

2,059

79,21661,548

77.757,3562,061

55,2964,192

6.817,668

68,92253,840

78.150,540

1,93448,606

3,3006.1

15,083

8,0095,927

74.05,166

945,073

76112.8

2,082

87,18547,847

54.944,610

49344,117

3,2376.8

39,337

74,87540,648

54.338,221

46837,7532,427

6.034,227

9,8765,75458.3

5,0349

5,02572112.5

4,122

88,23749,148

55.746,232

53545,697

2,9165.9

39,089

75,59941,639

55.139,576

51339,0642,062

5.033,960

10,0615,99159.5

5,21815

5,20277312.9

4,069

14,4657,19249.7

5,750145

5,6041,44320.1

7,273

11,8626,260

52.85,144

1395,0061,11517.8

5,602

2,13877436.2477

647129738.4

1,363

14,5467,27150.0

5,875168

5,7071,396

19.27,275

11,9106,330

53.25,261

1645,0971,07016.9

5,579

2,14877836.2488

448429037.2

1,370

13



A-7. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years ofschool completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin


Employment status, years of schoolcompleted, race, and Hispanic origin

February 1987


population

16.00311,0714.933

8,6897,3156,2311,083

8,1305,6442,486

4,5793.5513,027

524

7,8745,4272.447

4,1103,7643,205

559

13.1459,0594,086

6,7016,445

6.9766,1705,230

940

2,1541,586

568

1,0621.092

1,389764667

98

1.281920361

618663

779503355148


Total

7.5024,6152,887

3,4434,0593,105

954

3,7702.3551,415

1,8591,9111,436

475

3,7312,2591,472

1,5832,1481.669

479

6.5864.0872,499

3,3403.246

3.0273,5592,723

836

673411262

313361

333340262

79

532311221

266266

236296178118

Percent ofpopulation

46.941.758.5

39.655.549.888.1

46.441.756.9

40.653.847.490.6

47.441.660.2

38.557.152.185.7

50.145.161.2

49.850.4

43.457.752.188.9

31.325.946.1

29.433.0

24.044.539.280.4

41.533.861.1

43.040.1

30.358.850.179.8

Employed

Total

6,4403,7932.647

2,7463,6942,798

896

3,1831,9001,283

1,4591,7241,285

440

3,2571.8931.363

1,2871,9691,513

456

5,7623,4462,316

2,8622,900

2,4943,2682.476

793

463253210

211251

18827421064

431233198

202229

166265154111

Fulltime1

1.116276840

148969350618

584154429

81503194309

533122411

67466156310

966242724

506460

132834298536

1062779

5848

14923953

1082187

4860

16923557

Parttime1

5.3243,5171.807

2,5992.7252,447

277

2,5991,746

854

1,3781,2211,090

131

2,7241,771

953

1,2201.5041,357

147

4,7963,2041,592

2,3562,439

2.3622.4342.177

257

356225131

153203

174182171

11

323212111

154169

15017311954

Unemployed

Total

1.062821240

696365307

58

587455132

40018715135

475366108

29617915623

824641183

478347

53329124843

21115952

101109

145665115

1007822

6436

703024

7

Lookingfor

full-timework

1699970

73965442

975938

50472423

724032

23493119

1086741

6741

43653431

542826

2529

28271512

22148

193

715114

Lookingfor

part-timework

893722171

623270253

16

490396

94

350140128

12

403326

76

273130125

4

717574143

411306

490226213

13

15613126

7680

11739363

786414

4534

6316133

Percentof

laborforce

14.217.88.3

20.29.09.96.1

15.619.39.3

21.59.8

10.57.4

12.716.27.4

18.78.39.34.7

12.515.77.3

14.310.7

17.68.29.15.2

31.338.619.7

32.430.3

43.419.419.618.8

18.925.110.2

24.013.7

29.610.313.45.6

TOTAL ENROLLED

Total, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years

High schoolCollege

Full-time studentsPart-time students

Men, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years

High schoolCollege


Women, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years

High schoolCollege


White


MenWomen

High schoolCollege



MenWomen

High schoolCollege


Hispanic origin


MenWomen

High schoolCollege


See footnotes at end of table.

14



A-7. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years ofschool completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued


Employment status, years of schoolcompleted, race, and Hispanic origin

February 1987


population


TotalPercent ofpopulation

Employed

TotalFull

time1Part

time1

Unemployed

Total

Lookingfor

full-timework

Lookingfor

part-timework

Percentof

laborforce

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED


Less than 4 years of high school4 years of high school1 to 3 years of college4 years of college or more

Men, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years


Women, 16 to 24 years16 to 19 years20 to 24 years


White


MenWomen


Black


MenWomen


Hispanic origin


MenWomen


17,7373,475

14,261

4,1749,3002,8021,460

8,4721,6556,817

2,2154,3801,198

679

9,2641,8207,445

1,9594,9201,604

781

14,7812,850

11,931

7,1227,659

3,2977,8082,3391,337

2,591562

2,029

1,1751,417

7881,327

38789

1,959404

1,555

1,033926

96874618956

14,7362,656

12,080

2,7737,9772,5751,411

7,8231,4106,413

1,8544,1401,167

663

6,9131,2465,667

9193,8371,409

748

12,5522,243

10,309

6,6875,866

2,2826,7942,1841,293

1,900366

1,533

981918

4411,04432887

1,471255

1,216

946524

65958717650

83.176.484.7

66.485.891.996.6

92.385.294.1

83.794.597.497.6

74.668.576.1

46.978.087.895.7

84.978.786.4

93.976.6

69.287.093.496.7

73.365.275.6

83.564.8

56.078.784.897.0

75.163.178.2

91.656.6

68.178.792.7

12,6762,08210,594

2,0406,9512,3331,351

6,6051,0815,524

1,3763,5561,041632

6,0711,0015,070

6653,3951,292719

11,0511,8159,235

5,7535,298

1,7446,0422,0121,253

1,378236

1,142

726652

25479725968

1,239191

1,048

795443

53050615548

10,8271,5449,282

1,6255,9192,0451,238

5,892839

5,054

1,1553,198946594

4,934706

4,229

4702,7221,099644

9,5501,3778,174

5,2204,330

1,4165,2041,7771,153

1,068144924

567501

172623215

58

1,065148917

722343

45144412842

1,849538

1,311

4161,032

288113

713242470

221358

9539

1,137296841

19567419375

1,500438

1,062

533967

327838235100

31092

218

159151

821744410

17443

131

73101

796227

6

2,060574

1,486

7331,026

24259

1,218329889

478584126

30

842245597

25544211729

1,502428

1,074

934568

53875217240

522131391

255267

187247

6919

23264

168

15181

1298121

1

1,895517

1,378

668942229

56

1,169309860

45555912430

726208518

21238210626

1,387386

1,001

896491

50068516537

480120360

250230

164234

6319

22862

166

15078

1287821

1

16557

108

658413

3

492029

23252

1163779

4259113

1154372

3877

3867

73

421131

536

23126

14.021.612.3

26.412.99.44.2

15.623.313.9

25.814.110.84.6

12.219.710.5

27.711.58.33.9

12.019.110.4

14.09.7

23.611.17.93.1

27.535.725.5

26.029.0

42.523.621.021.9

15.825.113.8

16.015.5

19.613.711.9

i2)

1 Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time aredistributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.

2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not

enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and

college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origingroups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are notpresented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black populationgroups.

15



A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age


Veteran statusand age

Civiliannoninstitutional

population

Feb.1986

Feb.1987


Total

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Employed

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Unemployed

Number

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Percent oflabor force

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS

Total, 30 years and over30 to 44 years


45 years and over

NONVETERANS

Total, 30 to 44 years30 to 34 years35 to 39 years40 to 44 years

7,7006,4161,2533,1342,0291,284

17,9988,2505,5434,205

7,8046,2751,0072,7812,4871,529

19,0788,7286,0264,324

7,1426,1281,1833,0111,9341,014

16,9827,8355,2383,909

7,1895,986

9432,6642,3791,203

18,0538,2935,7074,053

6,6805,7111,0722,7961,843

969

15,8747,3064,9263,642

6,8095,660

8632,5222,2751,149

16,9667,7435,3843,839

4624171112159145

1,108529312267

3803268014210454

1,087550323214

6.56.89.47.14.74.4

6.56.86.06.8

5.35.48.55.34.44.5

6.06.65.75.3

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in theArmed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveteransare men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data

are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closelycorresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

16



A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race

(In thousands)

Sex, age, and race

February 1987

Employed

Full time

TotalFull-time

schedules1

Part time foreconomicreasons,

usually workfull time

Part time

Total Voluntary1

Part time foreconomicreasons,

usually workpart time

Unemployed

Lookingfor

full-timework

Lookingfor

part-timework

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over ...16 to 19 years



25 to 54 years55 years and over

Men, 16 years and over ....16 to 19 years20 years and over



Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 years and over



White

Men, 16 years and over ....16 to 19 years20 years and over



Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years ,20 years and over ,



Black

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 years and over



Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 years and over

20 to 24 years25 years and over ,


89,9221,821213

1,60888,10210,12277,97967,13610,843

53,910993

52,9165,483

47,43340,4816,952

36,013827

35,1864,640

30,54726,6563,891

47,614901

46,7134,82441,88835,6106,279

30,469717

29,7524,07325,68022,2563,423

4,78080

4,701546

4,1563,637519

4,33192

4,240458

3,7813,417364

87,9781,688202

1,48786,2909,801

76,48865,88110,607

52,702923

51,7795,275

46,50439,6916,813

35,276765

34,5114,52729,98526,1903,795

46,617846

45,7714,656

41,11534,9516,164

29,842662

29,1803,97725,20321,8613,341

4,60466

4,538513

4,0263,529497

4,24485

4,159442

3,7173,362355

1,94413311121

1,812321

1,4911,255236

1,20870

1,137208929790139

7376267511356246696

99755942168773659115

6275557296

47739582

176141633313010822

877

81166455

19,5414,0542,1281,927

15,4863,119

12,3699,0663,303

6,4281,9884,4401,3243,1151,7261,388

13,1142,066

11,0461,7949,2527,3391,914

5,5961,7693,8271,1202,7071,4411,266

11,6971,8739,8251,5348,2906,5931,698

626160466152315210105

1,136157978197781592189

15,9023,7032,0631,640

12,1992,4069,7946,8932,901

5,0401,8213,2191,0092,209

9771,232

10,8631,8828,9801,3977,5835,9151,669

4,4901,6442,846

8851,961

8151,147

9,8831,7178,1661,2236,9435,4421,501

3961262708218911574

749132617116501349152

3,63935165287

3,287713

2,5752,173402

1,388167

1,221315906749156

2,251184

2,066397

1,6691,424245

1,106125981235746626119

1,814156

1,659311

1,3471,151197

23034196701269531

387253618128024337

6,91261699517

6,2961,4484,8484,446402

4,299368

3,930897

3,0332,744289

2,613248

2,366550

1,8151,702113

3,354277

3,077686

2,3932,155237

1,804176

1,629356

1,2721,189

82

8108172919453549144

7406767319248146219

1,59178052026081227953343598

6784162611231389245

91336355015539534352

5673442231051187840

70727343311032428044

9967321418126

175741014259518

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.17



A-10. Employment status of persons In families by family relationship


Family relationship

February 1987


TotalPercent

ofpopulation

Employed

Unemployed

Number

Percentof

laborforce

Not in labor force

TotalKeepinghouse

Goingto

school

Unableto

work

Otherreasons

Total, 16 years and over1

HusbandsWith employed wifeWith unemployed wifeWith wife not in labor force

WivesWith employed husbandWith unemployed husbandWith husband not in labor force

Relatives in married-couple families16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 years and over

Women who maintain families

Relatives in families maintained by women16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 years and over

Men who maintain families

Relatives in families maintained by men ....16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 years and over

96,179

39,52024,508

1,25713,754

28,06224,577

1,1882,297

13,1254,8075,0023,316

6,486

5,3141,3101,5842,418

2,008

1,664286459918

65.2

78.191.793.761.1

55.565.363.620.8

61.349.875.764.4

61.8

58.044.473.559.6

76.3

63.653.679.661.0

69,160

37,65123,5381,03913,074

26,72023,538

9702,212

11,3534,0164,4082,929

5,843

4,284918

1,2732,093

1,840

1,468227410831

7,019

1,869970218680

1,3421,03921885

1,772791594387

644

1,029393311325

168

195594987

7.3

4.74.017.44.9

4.84.218.43.7

13.516.511.911.7

9.9

19.430.019.613.4

8.4

11.720.510.69.5

51,289

11,0542,212

858,757

22,51113,074

6808,757

8,2834,8431,6041,836

4,017

3,8481,640570

1,638

624

952247118587

23,721

194803

110

18,77511,729

5996,447

741102139500

2,867

78086105589

42

3221020292

8,926

253154890

3883311739

5,9144,5411,218155

177

1,8361,45029492

52

3062217312

2,050

85832716

516

32412914

182

2879

37241

186

2728

22242

53

70

4

16,592

9,7491,650

578,041

3,02488549

2,090

1,341191211939

787

96097149714

477

2531621

216

1 Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons inmarried-couple families where the husband or wife is in the ArmedForces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.

NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women

who maintain families are somewhat different from marital statusestimates shown in other tables in this publication because of differencesin definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

18



A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex

Marital status, race, and age

Men

Thousands ofpersons

Feb. Feb.1987

Unemploymentrates

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Women

Thousands ofpersons

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Unemploymentrates

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Total, 16 years and overMarried, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

White, 16 years and over....Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Black, 16 years and over ....Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Total, 25 years and overMarried, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

White, 25 years and overMarried, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Black, 25 years and overMarried, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

5,1612,168

6672,326

4,0331,824

5221,687

976274128574

3,3401,979

640721

2,6561,660

499497

580253124202

4,9762,058

5982,320

3,9211,756

4411,724

909230138541

3,1711,850

560761

2,5101,576

412522

552207128216

8.05.3

10.313.7

7.25.09.7

11.9

15.89.1

13.525.6

6.35.1

10.39.6

5.74.89.78.0

12.08.9

13.319.2

7.65.09.1

13.4

6.94.78.0

11.9

14.47.4

14.823.9

5.94.78.89.6

5.34.57.88.1

11.06.9

14.019.2

3,8801,595

8411,444

2,9211,347

621952

857198198460

2,4311,300

750382

1,8801,104

553222

481154179147

3,5271,454

7241,349

2,5111,192

492827

915213209494

2,2101,208

640362

1,596994421181

539170197173

7.65.78.2

11.1

6.75.47.59.0

14.08.7

11.321.9

6.05.17.77.2

5.54.97.05.5

9.97.5

10.513.5

6.75.07.1

10.1

5.64.66.07.7

14.38.8

11.922.2

5.34.56.66.5

4.54.25.44.3

10.67.7

11.614.6

19



A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex

Occupation

Thousands ofpersons

Total

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Unemployment rates

Total

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Men

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Women

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Total, 16 years and over

Managerial and professional specialtyExecutive, administrative, and managerialProfessional specialty

Technical, sales, and administrative supportTechnicians and related supportSales occupationsAdministrative support, including clerical

Service occupations ,Private household ,Protective serviceService, except private household and protective

Precision production, craft, and repairMechanics and repairersConstruction tradesOther precision production, craft, and repair

Operators, fabricators, and laborersMachine operators, assemblers, and inspectorsTransportation and material moving occupationsHandlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Construction laborersOther handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Farming, forestry, and fishing

No previous work experience16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 years and over

9,041

633362271

1,871138824910

1,47067

1081,295

1,347276759311

2,345938577831223607

387

94864420798

8,503

360334

1,680135754791

1,3737190

1,213

1,135215656264

2,318960515844235609

333

921607169144

7.8

2.42.91.9

5.33.96.14.9

9.16.55.89.8

9.55.9

14.47.4

12.310.711.715.527.013.4

12.4

7.2

2.52.82.2

4.64.15.44.2

8.57.24.69.1

7.94.6

12.06.2

12.111.110.115.629.513.2

10.5

8.0

2.32.61.9

3.94.13.54.5

9.0O5.3

10.2

9.35.8

14.46.3

12.29.3

11.915.926.913.4

12.8

7.6

2.52.62.3

4.24.93.94.6

8.0O3.89.5

7.94.6

11.95.8

12.110.610.215.829.912.9

10.6

7.6

2.53.32.0

6.03.88.85.0

9.36.79.29.6

11.27.0

17.811.1

12.712.89.6

14.0O13.7

10.0

6.7

2.53.02.2

4.93.37.14.1

8.86.79.39.0

8.44.6

21.87.6

12.111.98.4

14.9O14.9

10.0

1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

20



A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex

Industry

Thousands ofpersons

Total

Feb.1986

9,041

6,980

1111,095

1,7141,0218260828412818616116394692651693226691204183496737

38530481

1,910295

1,615224

1,541562979

298814948

Feb.1987

8,503

6,504

123995

1,5779138761438612216112415090603444663207481442980655734

29121676

1,836292

1,544249

1,433555878

255823921

I

Total

Feb.1986

7.8

8.0

10.918.8

7.87.812.18.412.19.59.17.07.36.17.54.93.59.67.9

. 12.29.19.75.54.83.89.08.2

6.28.63.18.77.09.13.36.74.39.9

19.13.1_

Feb.1987

7.2

7.4

14.116.8

7.37.111.99.37.19.68.96.55.55.67.44.15.08.37.611.16.411.13.84.75.28.09.0

4.76.12.98.16.58.53.66.04.18.5

15.63.0_

Jnemployment rates

Men

Feb.1986

8.0

8.4

11.919.7

6.77.2

10.96.411.19.29.56.74.66.16.75.62.59.45.98.97.27.34.83.82.97.16.1

7.09.92.37.36.27.82.97.54.010.4

19.83.0_

Feb.1987

7.6

7.9

15.617.5

6.56.712.47.06.58.68.16.15.15.16.04.35.78.06.39.35.98.44.24.54.57.65.1

5.06.42.77.56.17.93.76.84.29.1

15.93.3_

Women

Feb.1986

7.6

7.7

4.09.7

10.09.419.212.614.911.67.97.811.26.310.42.44.89.910.518.611.010.47.96.15.812.310.9

4.44.54.210.18.810.33.56.34.49.5

16.23.1-.

Feb.1987

6.7

6.8

4.69.4

8.88.19.314.69.315.111.77.86.17.313.03.24.08.39.515.07.012.02.64.96.88.915.7

4.14.93.28.77.48.93.65.54.18.0

14.52.7_


Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

MiningConstruction

ManufacturingDurable goods

Lumber and wood productsFuniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical machinery, equipment, and suppliesTransportation equipment

AutomobilesOther transportation equipment

Professional and photographic equipmentOther durable goods industries

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsRubber and miscellaneous plastics productsOther nondurable goods industries

Transportation and public utilitiesTransportationCommunications and other public utilities

Wholesale and retail tradeWholesale tradeRetail trade

Finance, insurance, and real estateService industries

Professional servicesOther service industries

Agricultural wage and salary workersGovernment, self-employed, and unpaid family workersNo previous work experience

21



A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex/ and race


Reason for unemployment

Totalunemployed

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Men,20 yearsand over

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Women,20 yearsand over

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Both sexes,16 to 19

years

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

White

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Black

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Total unemployedJob losers

On layoffOther job losers

Job leaversReentrantsNew entrants

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION




UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THECIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losersJob leaversReentrantsNew entrants

9,0414,8201,5123,308995

2,278947

100.053.316.736.611.025.210.5

4.2.9

2.0.8

8,5034,4691,3353,1341,0582,058918

100.052.615.736.912.424.210.8

3.8.91.7.8

4,3613,1211,0172,104432691117

100.071.523.348.29.915.92.7

5.2.71.1.2

4,1922,954910

2,044471630138

100.070.421.748.711.215.03.3

4.8.81.0.2

3,2371,410425985447

1,192188

100.043.513.130.413.836.85.8

3.0.9

2.5.4

2,9161,229355874449

1,063174

100.042.112.229.915.436.56.0

2.5.9

2.2.4

1,44328970

219116395643

100.020.04.9

15.18.0

27.444.6

4.01.65.58.9

1,396287

70217138365606

100.020.65.015.69.9

26.243.4

4.01.95.08.3

6,9543,8301,3012,529809

1,697619

100.055.118.736.411.624.48.9

3.8.81.7.6

6,4323,4781,1622,316858

1,490606

100.054.118.136.013.323.29.4

3.4.81.5.6

1,833887187700147498301

100.048.410.238.28.0

27.216.4

7.21.24.02.4

1,824855154701163518287

100.046.9

8.438.4

9.028.415.7

6.71.34.12.3

22



A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment

(Percent distribution)

Reason, sex, and age

February 1987

Total unemployed

Thousandsof persons Percent

Duration of unemployment

Less than5 weeks

5 to 14weeks

15 weeks and over

Total 15 to 26weeks

27 weeksand over

Total, 16 years and over...

Job losersOn layoffOther job losers


Men, 20 years and over ....



Women, 20 years and over



Both sexes, 16 to 19 years



8,503 100.0

4,4691,3353,1341,0582,058

918

4,192

2,954910

2,044471630138

2,916

1,229355874449

1,063174

1,396

28770

217138365606

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

37.8

31.943.227.144.343.945.7

31.9

29.439.624.941.536.929.0

40.5

35.247.030.440.846.440.9

50.0

43.2

034.364.948.450.9

34.8

36.439.335.231.534.930.1

35.6

36.541.734.131.237.224.3

33.2

34.736.633.932.732.330.4

35.5

43.7O50.428.538.831.4

27.4

31.717.537.724.221.224.1

32.5

34.118.740.927.225.946.7

26.3

30.216.435.826.521.328.7

14.4

13.1015.36.6

12.817.7

13.7

15.911.517.813.810.89.5

15.3

16.713.018.413.79.6

15.9

14.1

15.39.6

17.616.512.111.5

8.2

10.0O13.05.69.17.5

13.7

15.86.0

20.010.410.414.6

17.2

17.45.7

22.613.516.330.8

12.2

14.96.8

18.210.09.1

17.2

6.2

3.102.31.13.7

10.2


A-16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

Duration of unemployment

Total

Thousands of persons

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Percent distribution

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Full-time workers


Feb.1986

Feb.1987


Feb.1986

Feb.1987


Less than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks

5 to 10 weeks11 to 14 weeks

15 weeks and over15 to 26 weeks27 weeks and over

27 to 51 weeks52 weeks and over

Average (mean) duration, in weeksMedian duration, in weeks

9,041

3,3773,1182,317

8002,5461,3111,234

458777

15.37.7

8,503

3,2162,9572,237

7212,3291,1661,163

488675

14.77.4

100.0

37.434.525.68.8

28.214.513.65.18.6

100.0

37.834.826.38.5

27.413.713.75.77.9

7,342

2,4572,6301,936

6942,2561,1291,127

415712

16.68.6

6,912

2,3252,4621,823

6392,1251,0381,088

457631

16.28.5

100.0

33.535.826.4

9.530.715.415.45.79.7

100.0

33.635.626.49.2

30.715.015.76.69.1

23



A-17. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment

Sex, age, race, andmarital status


TotalLessthan

5 weeks

5 to 14weeks

15 to 2627

weeksandover

Weeks

Average(mean)duration

Medianduration

February 1987

Percent of unemployedin group

Unemployedless than5 weeks

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Unemployed15 weeksand over

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Total, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years ,55 to 64 years65 years and over

White, 16 years and overMenWomen

Black, 16 years and overMenWomen

Men, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Women, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

8,5031,3961,7262,5371,460

884417

83

4,976784

1,0211,465

827545276

59

3,527611706

1,07263333914224

6,4323,9212,511

1,824909915

2,058598

2,320

1,454724

1,349

3,21669874792744924511932

1,6883514074922201346419

1,5283483404352291105512

2,5181,3731,145

606277329

605153930

615251662

2,95749661085751929714632

1,78429237749930418510323

1,173204233358215111439

2,2251,410815

658326332

744206834

488250436

1,16611523737021915070

71878

14623012097425

4483790

140995327

874565309

249117131

33689

293

202118128

1,163861333832731928214

7866391

2441821286612

37823421399164162

814573242

311188123

373150262

149105123

14.79.011.415.318.420.020.216.4

16.310.412.216.721.021.322.3O

12.57.210.413.315.018.016.1

014.015.511.7

17.219.514.8

17.722.213.6

12.515.011.2

7.45.06.17.89.210.310.96.7

8.56.06.68.910.111.112.2

06.24.45.36.67.89.27.8O

7.08.15.8

8.69.67.7

9.911.06.7

6.38.25.2

37.451.241.436.829.329.125.840.7

33.252.036.832.123.524.621.2O

42.950.347.342.937.935.132.9

37.533.443.2

36.632.241.6

27.128.740.1

43.237.545.8

37.850.043.336.530.827.728.538.0

33.944.739.933.626.724.723.3043.356.948.240.536.132.638.5O

39.235.045.6

33.230.535.9

29.425.640.1

42.334.749.0

28.217.423.128.734.733.942.327.8

30.916.725.831.637.740.344.1O

24.518.319.725.030.225.139.6O

27.029.723.1

32.635.829.0

34.734.926.2

22.932.321.7

27.414.421.429.733.738.736.423.8

30.218.023.332.336.541.239.3O

23.49.7

18.826.030.034.730.8

O26.329.021.9

30.733.627.8

34.539.923.9

24.130.818.7


24



A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

Occupation and industry


Total than5 weeks

5 to 14weeks

15 to 26weeks

27weeks

andover

Weeks

Average(mean)duration

Medianduration

February 1987

Percent of unemployedin group

Unemployedless than5 weeks

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Unemployed15 weeksand over

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

OCCUPATION

Managerial and professional specialtyTechnical, sales, and administrative supportService occupationsPrecision production, craft, and repairOperators, fabricators, and laborersFarming, forestry, and fishing

INDUSTRY1

AgricultureConstructionManufacturing

Durable goodsNondurable goods

Transportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance and service industriesPublic administration

No previous work experience

6941,6801,3731,1352,318

333

2551,0241,587

922665345

1,8521,952

244

921

247663624396731118

1033435132802339678875881

422

219590436422871126

9345152932320614561967670

277

11722016216236346

361422501281223924326749

87

11020815115535343

23882951901046420225145

134

15.113.413.115.716.513.1

11.312.818.318.518.117.412.913.816.9

14.5

7.86.85.98.59.17.8

7.18.39.29.49.09.16.56.8

10.5

5.7

34.641.341.732.533.629.2

31.731.932.327.339.629.342.141.432.7

44.8

35.639.545.534.931.535.6

40.333.532.330.435.027.942.638.833.1

45.9

33.123.726.829.329.735.8

29.324.735.940.728.832.423.226.137.1

32.825.422.827.930.926.5

23.322.534.334.534.030.024.026.538.4

27.3 24.1

Includes wage and salary workers only.

25



A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used

Sex, age, and race

February 1987


Totalunem-ployed

Totaljob-

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Publicemploy-

mentagency

Privateemploy-

mentagency

Employerdirectly

Placedor

answeredads

Friendsor

relativesOther

Averagenumber ofmethods

used

Total, 16 years and over....16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years65 years and over

White, 16 years and over...MenWomen

Black, 16 years and over ...MenWomen

8,5031,3961,7262,5371,46088441783

4,976784

1,0211,46582754527659

3,527611706

1,07263333914224

6,4323,9212,511

1,824909915

7,0681,3111,4832,0731,16666630663

3,966733844

1,13763338119346

3,10257863993653328611317

5,1893,0102,179

1,661825836

23.413.722.427.127.826.625.20

25.416.022.931.528.629.422.30

20.910.721.821.626.823.130.10

22.624.620.0

25.527.623.3

7.02.64.89.19.68.48.8O

6.72.25.19.28.87.67.30

7.33.14.49.0

10.59.1

11.507.27.07.4

6.45.57.4

75.082.276.072.072.579.661.4O

76.581.777.572.476.084.361.70

73.182.774.071.568.373.161.1

74.977.072.0

76.676.177.2

36.925.739.040.341.037.835.00

34.925.039.537.938.234.928.00

39.426.538.543.244.341.646.90

38.636.641.4

31.529.233.9

17.412.115.319.222.417.121.60

19.713.118.822.423.118.625.90

14.410.710.815.221.615.013.30

17.019.114.0

17.120.014.2

4.82.94.55.35.15.0

10.8O

5.73.04.36.55.86.3

16.6O

3.72.64.53.74.53.1.9

0

5.36.14.3

3.34.52.0

1.651.391.621.731.781.741.63O

1.691.411.681.801.811.811.62O

1.591.361.541.641.761.651.640

1.661.701.59

1.601.631.58

1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because

it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. Thepercent using each method will always total more than 100 becausemany jobseekers use more than one method.

A-20. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used

Sex and reason

February 1987


Totalunem-ployed

Totaljob-

seekers

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Publicemploy-

mentagency

Privateemploy-

mentagency

Employerdirectly

Placedor

answeredads

Friendsor

relativesOther

Averagenumber ofmethods

used

Total, 16 years and over....Job losers1


Men, 16 years and overJob losers1


Women, 16 years and overJob losers1


8,5034,4691,0582,058

918

4,9763,151

548825453

3,5271,318

5101,234

465

7,0683,1621,0901,906

911

3,9662,212

565739451

3,102950526

1,168459

23.428.721.720.812.7

25.429.521.922.314.2

20.926.721.519.711.3

7.08.7

10.44.52.1

6.78.78.52.71.6

7.38.6

12.45.72.6

75.076.175.070.880.2

76.577.075.873.779.6

73.174.174.068.881.0

36.937.446.835.326.8

34.934.545.335.023.9

39.444.148.335.529.6

17.420.215.715.114.4

19.721.616.117.918.4

14.417.115.213.410.5

4.85.63.15.42.9

5.76.63.75.73.8

3.73.22.55.12.0

1.651.771.731.521.39

1.691.781.711.571.41

1.591.741.741.481.37

1 Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods usedexclude persons on layoff.

NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed becauseit does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. Thepercent using each method will always total more than 100 becausemany jobseekers use more than one method.

26



A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex

(In thousands)

Industry and age

Total

Feb.1986

106,6855,7502,1653,58413,54273,47231,45725,21516,79911,1096,7674,3422,812

2,6631457471296

1,576684468424423221202223

104,0215,6042,0913,51313,24771,89530,77324,74716,37510,6876,5464,1412,589

Feb.1987

109,4645,8752,3413,53513,24076,20232,42526,64417,13311,3066,8504,4562,840

2,7641688089343

1,637719515404382191191234

106,7005,7072,2613,44612,89774,56531,70626,12916,72910,9256,6594,2662,606

Men

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Women

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

All industries16 to 19 years





65 years and over

Agriculture16 to 19 years





65 years and over

Nonagricultural industries16 to 19 years





65 years and over

59,2042,8791,0991,7807,061

41,06217,71813,8659,4796,4803,9422,5381,721

2,1431185564

2461,232

556361315346175171201

57,0612,7611,0451,7176,815

39,83017,16213,5049,1656,1353,7672,3681,520

60,3372,9811,1961,7856,807

42,20818,05214,5889,5686,6394,0002,6391,702

2,2011406575

3061,242

562385296305144162208

58,1372,8411,1311,7106,502

40,96617,49014,2049,2726,3343,8562,4781,494

47,4812,8711,0661,8046,481

32,40913,74011,3507,3204,6292,8251,8041,091

52027208

4934512810710977463122

46,9612,8431,0471,7976,432

32,06513,61211,2437,2104,5522,7791,7731,069

49,1262,8941,1441,7506,433

33,99414,37312,0567,5654,6672,8501,8171,138

56429151437

39515713010711472926

48,5632,8661,1301,7366,396

33,59814,21611,9267,4574,5912,8031,7881,112

27



A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age

(In thousands)

Occupation

Total

16 yearsand over

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Men

16 yearsand over

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

20 yearsand over

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Women

16 yearsand over

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

20 yearsand over

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Total

Managerial and professional specialtyExecutive, administrative, and managerial

Officials and administrators, public administrationOther executive, administrative, and managerialManagement-related occupations

Professional specialtyEngineersMathematical and computer scientistsNatural scientistsHealth diagnosing occupationsHealth assessment and treating occupationsTeachers, college and universityTeachers, except college and universityLawyers and judgesOther professional specialty occupations

Technical, sales, and administrative supportTechnicians and related support

Health technologists and techniciansEngineering and science techniciansTechnicians, except health, engineering, and science

Sales occupationsSupervisors and proprietorsSales representatives, finance and business servicesSales representatives, commodities, except retailSales workers, retail and personal servicesSales-related occupations

Administrative support, including clericalSupervisorsComputer equipment operatorsSecretaries, stenographers, and typistsFinancial records processingMail and message distributingOther administrative support, including clerical

Service occupationsPrivate householdProtective serviceService, except private household and protective

Food serviceHealth serviceCleaning and building servicePersonal service

Precision production, craft, and repairMechanics and repairersConstruction tradesOther precision production, craft, and repair

Operators, fabricators, and laborersMachine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

Manufacturing industriesDurable goodsNondurable goods

Nonmanufacturing industriesTransportation and material moving occupations

Motor vehicle operatorsOther transportation and material moving occupations

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborersConstruction laborersOther handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Farming, forestry, and fishingFarm operators and managersOther farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

106,685

26,09412,246

5348,2903,423

13,8471,726

584361687

1,998704

3,715631

3,440

33,7043,3641,1061,1631,095

12,6933,3232,1651,4785,651

7617,647

715816

4,9502,483

9097,773

14,610962

1,75511,8934,9991,8282,8842,182

12,8354,4144,4973,923

16,6997,8226,5693,7072,8611,2534,3613,2941,0684,516

6053,911

2,7431,2431,500

109,464

27,24612,725

5678,6043,554

14,5211,802

693402766

2,157718

3,718687

3,579

34,5193,1631,0501,0781,035

13,1813,5672,2661,4925,813

4318,175

724812

5,0122,511

9408,176

14,835917

1,87512,0445,1311,8652,8622,186

13,2324,4774,7903,965

16,8037,6536,3953,5272,8681,2584,5963,4861,1104,554

5613,994

2,8281,2471,581

59,204

14,7867,878

3555,6341,8886,9091,616

370289576319442954511

1,832

12,0741,839

172961707

6,7382,3131,3041,2301,872

193,497

312262106229582

2,006

5,85227

1,5434,2831,891173

1,769450

11,7744,2684,4083,096

12,3844,7243,9292,5791,350

7953,9302,9031,0283,730

5943,135

2,3331,0681,265

60,337

15,2197,874344

5,6721,8587,3451,681448313644337458938550

1,976

12,1751,602127865610

6,9932,5021,3861,2461,848

113,58029828377228590

2,104

5,95328

1,6264,2992,025196

1,661417

12,1394,3304,7143,095

12,4684,5263,7372,4301,306

7904,1583,0851,0733,784

5433,241

2,3831,0591,324

56,325

14,7207,849355

5,6091,8846,8711,616369287576317442943510

1,812

11,4881,810170940700

6,3902,2891,2971,2201,568

163,28830925499217539

1,869

5,04718

1,5153,5141,341155

1,604414

11,5154,1934,2873,036

11,3714,5523,8012,4921,309

7513,8202,8081,0122,999

5332,466

2,1831,0631,121

57,356

15,1427,841

3445,6431,8547,3011,677

447313644336458929550

1,947

11,6241,564

127842594

6,6602,4941,3771,2421,537

113,400

29626765

225554

1,993

5,04510

1,5933,4421,398

1791,510

355

11,8574,2304,5703,057

11,4564,3813,6232,3671,257

7584,0162,9571,0593,059

4952,564

2,2321,0491,183

47,481

11,3074,369178

2,6561,5356,93811021573111

1,678262

2,761120

1,608

21,6301,525935202389

5,9551,010860248

3,78056

14,150403554

4,8442,254328

5,767

8,758935212

7,6103,1081,6551,1151,732

1,06014589825

4,3153,0982,6391,1281,5114594313914078710

776

410175235

49,126

12,0274,851224

2,9321,6957,17612124689122

1,820260

2,779137

1,603

22,3441,561923213426

6,1881,065880246

3,96533

14,595426528

4,9352,283350

6,073

8,883889249

7,7453,1061,6691,2011,769

1,09314776

870

4,3353,1272,6591,0971,5624684384013777017

753

445188256

44,610

11,2014,336178

2,6301,5286,86511021071110

1,677254

2,736120

1,576

20,0941,503923195385

5,126985839243

3,00455

13,465404520

4,6192,199306

5,416

7,760769203

6,7892,5491,5631,0491,627

1,03314385806

4,1343,0192,5821,1021,4804374203823969510

685

387175212

46,232

11,9344,815222

2,9071,6857,11912124589121

1,819256

2,752135

1,582

20,7401,542914209420

5,2611,049846242

3,09331

13,937422503

4,7392,221329

5,724

7,879704230

6,9462,5381,5881,1291,690

1,07514876851

4,1853,0512,5951,0771,5184564323953770217

684

420187232

28



A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex

(Percent distribution)

Occupation and race

Total

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Men

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Women

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over (thousands).Percent




Precision production, craft, and repairOperators, fabricators, and laborers

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectorsTransportation and material moving occupationsHandlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers


White

Total, 16 years and over (thousands).Percent







Black

Total, 16 years and over (thousands) .Percent







106,685100.0

24.511.513.031.63.2

11.916.513.7

.91.6

11.112.015.77.34.14.22.6

93,144100.0

25.512.113.432.1

3.112.516.512.5

.81.6

10.112.514.76.93.93.92.7

10,485100.0

14.96.38.7

27.23.06.6

17.623.32.22.4

18.88.6

24.510.95.97.71.4

109,464100.0

24.911.613.331.52.9

12.016.613.6

.81.7

11.012.115.47.04.24.22.6

95,377100.0

25.912.213.731.92.9

12.616.412.4

.81.6

10.012.614.56.54.13.92.7

10,872100.0

14.76.28.5

28.92.67.3

19.023.0

1.72.8

18.58.8

22.910.65.76.61.6

59,204100.0

25.013.311.720.4

3.111.45.99.9

O2.67.2

19.920.98.06.66.33.9

52,345100.0

26.114.112.020.8

3.212.15.68.9

O2.56.3

20.519.67.66.35.64.1

5,220100.0

12.76.46.2

15.92.14.89.0

18.0.1

3.913.915.235.511.510.513.52.7

60,337100.0

25.213.112.220.22.7

11.65.99.9

02.77.1

20.120.7

7.56.96.33.9

53,210100.0

26.313.612.620.42.7

12.25.58.9

O2.66.2

20.819.67.16.65.84.1

5,405100.0

12.77.05.8

17.51.95.6

10.018.5

.14.5

13.915.632.711.010.511.13.0

47,481100.0

23.89.2

14.645.63.2

12.529.818.42.0

.416.02.29.16.5

.91.7.9

40,799100.0

24.89.6

15.146.6

3.113.130.517.01.7.4

15.02.28.45.9

.91.61.0

5,265100.0

17.26.1

11.138.43.98.4

26.128.64.2

.923.52.1

13.610.3

1.42.0

.2

49,126100.0

24.59.9

14.645.53.2

12.629.718.1

1.8.5

15.82.28.86.4

.91.6

42,167100.0

25.510.515.046.43.2

13.130.116.81.6.4

14.72.28.15.7

.91.51.0

5,467100.0

16.85.5

11.240.23.29.0

27.927.53.41.1

23.12.0

13.310.1

1.02.1

.3

Less than 0.05 percent.

29



A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker

(In thousands)

Age and sex

February 1987

Nonagricultural industries

Wage and salary workers

TotalPrivate

householdworkers

Government Other

Self-employedworkers

Unpaidfamily

workers

Agriculture

Wage andsalary

workers

Self-employedworkers

Unpaidfamily

workers

Total, 16 years and over ....16 to 19 years


20 to 24 years25 to 34 years35 to 44 years45 to 54 years55 to 64 years


65 years and over

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years




65 years and over

Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years




65 years and over

98,4565,6242,2293,395

12,57729,64623,72415,0749,7575,9883,7692,054

52,7382,7861,1061,6806,309

16,18912,6868,1635,5083,3822,1261,097

45,7182,8381,1231,7156,268

13,45611,0386,9114,2492,6061,643

957

1,1282241626212716818115816710365103

11230273151429811564

1,017194135581121541521491579859

16,87932195226

1,2544,3895,1313,3182,0771,317760388

8,0221535895572

2,0302,4341,5991,034666368200

8,85816836131683

2,3592,6981,7191,043651392188

80,4485,0791,9723,10711,19625,08818,41211,5997,5124,5682,9441,563

44,6052,6021,0211,5825,72214,14510,2246,5564,4632,7111,752892

35,8432,477951

1,5255,47310,9438,1885,0433,0491,8571,191670

8,007742945304

2,0122,3301,6101,145663482532

5,371512526188

1,2951,5161,108825475350388

2,63623320116717814502320188132144

237935174875452381520

285

556111

19

209431124273442281311

1,3751355679

274444228148100594147

1,091116506624333116410982443944

28519613311126338181523

1,297137659

257271246269123146182

1,0831275

55226219187223100123162

2141

1431525946232320

9220173918161013944

271294741

6588

214151013943

30



A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation

(In thousands)

Industry

February 1987

Totalem-

ployed

Managerial andprofessional

specialty

Executive,adminis-trative,

andmana-

Profes-sional

specialty

Technical, sales, andadministrative

support

Techni-ciansand

relatedsupport

Sales

Adminis-trative

support,includingclerical

Serviceoccupations

Privatehouse-

hold

Otherservice1

Preci-sion

produc-tion,craft,and

repair

Operators,fabricators,

and laborers

Machineoper-ators,

assem-blers,and

inspec-tors

Transpor-tationand

materialmoving

Handlers,equipmentcleaners,helpers,

andlaborers

Farming,forestry,

andfishing

AgricultureMiningConstructionManufacturing


Transportation and publicutilities

Wholesale and retail tradeWholesale tradeRetail trade

Finance, insurance, andreal estate

ServicesPrivate householdsOther service industries

Professional servicesPublic administration

2,764788

6,82320,54612,3168,230

7,68922,9474,50218,444

7,41235,3821,136

34,24623,1665,111

58138838

2,2241,401823

8001,817446

1,371

1,7833,971

203,9512,2071,097

6684144

1,6961,186510

47144584361

19610,743

1210,7319,653676

333256708520189

234833152

1201,702

41,6971,397195

18672

677292385

2899,4781,7847,693

1,772844

84415625

9791

4272,5281,4731,056

2,0542,422845

1,577

3,0506,039

76,0324,3471,466

917917

11433352182168

2564,242

524,190

2527,497109

7,3884,3001,272

48243

4,0453,9522,7441,208

1,2971,522350

1,173

1421,777

81,769424207

62271

6,3953,5272,868

120279107171

20708

70818632

32113422774408366

1,679936465471

15575

5569345

49

1453

7021,169

516653

4741,703

3261,377

19369

25344

9452

2,3803

1372

1420128

43242

292125741

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status

(In thousands)

Reason not working and sex

Allindustries

Feb.1986

Feb.1987


Total

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Wage and salary workers1

Paid absences

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Unpaid absences

Feb.1986

Feb.1987

Total, 16 years and over...VacationIllnessBad weatherIndustrial disputeAll other reasons

Men, 16 years and overVacationIllnessAll other reasons3

Women, 16 years and overVacationIllnessAll other reasons3

4,6191,3771,664

50119

1,059

2,509in827905

2,110599837673

4,0041,3311,417

23429

993

2,162762721679

1,842570696576

4,4161,3461,62141919

1,011

2,340756788796

2,076590833653

3,8591,3021,38619829943

2,043740694608

1,817562693562

1,782887632

OO264

959528314118

824360319145

1,646869524

(2)O253

877505268104

769364256149

2,010324831

(2)O855

989147395447

1,021177436408

1,653283722

648

792133345314

860150377334

1 Excludes private household workers.2 Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial

dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.

3 Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased

because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

31



A-27. Persons at work by hours of work and type of Industry

Hours of work

February 1987


Allindustries

Agriculture Nonagriculturalindustries


Allindustries

Agriculture Nonagriculturalindustries


1 to 34 hours1 to 4 hours5 to 14 hours15 to 29 hours30 to 34 hours

35 hours and over35 to 39 hours40 hours41 hours and over

41 to 48 hours49 to 59 hours60 hours and over

Average hours, total at workAverage hours, workers on full-time schedules

105,459

26,431886

4,84813,0407,657

79,0286,989

42,35629,68310,95810,7787,947

38.843.4

2,619

87559

230402184

1,744136557

1,051189344518

40.848.5

102,840

25,556827

4,61812,6387,473

77,2846,85241,79928,63310,76910,4357,429

38.743.3

100.0

25.1.84.612.47.3

74.96.6

40.228.110.410.27.5

100.0

33.42.38.815.37.0

66.65.2

21.340.17.213.119.8

100.0

24.9.8

4.512.37.3

75.16.7

40.627.810.510.17.2

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of Industry, and usual status


Reason for working less than 35 hours

February 1987

All industries

TotalUsuallywork

full time

Usuallywork

part time


TotalUsually

workfull time

Usuallywork

part time


Economic reasonsSlack workMaterial shortages or repairs to plant and equipmentNew job started during weekJob terminated during weekCould find only part-time work

Other reasonsDoes not want, or unavailable for, full-time workVacationIllnessBad weatherIndustrial disputeLegal or religious holidayFull time for this jobAll other reasons

Average hours:Economic reasonsOther reasons

Worked 30 to 34 hours:Economic reasonsOther reasons

26,431

5,5832,692

7418783

2,548

20,84712,517

1,0731,759

63613

1,0001,6462,204

22.221.0

1,7775,880

7,846

1,9441,601

7418783

5,900

1,0731,636

63613

1,000

1,544

24.526.7

8923,339

18,585

3,6391,091

2,548

14,94712,517

123

1,646660

20.918.7

8852,541

25,556

5,3282,499

7217681

2,501

20,22912,2421,0651,732

54713

9961,6062,027

22.221.1

1,6995,774

7,494

1,8001,472

7217681

5,694

1,0651,616

54713

996

1,456

24.626.9

8333,286

18,062

3,5281,027

2,501

14,53512,242

116

1,606571

21.018.8

8662,488

32



A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status


Industry

February 1987

Totalat

work

On parttimefor

economicreasons

Onvoluntarypart time

On full-time schedules

Total 40 hoursor less

41 to 48hours

49 hoursor more

Averagehours,total

at work

Averagehours,

workerson full-timeschedules


Wage and salary workers

Mining

Construction

ManufacturingDurable goodsNondurable goods

Transportation and public utilities ...Wholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estate

Service industriesPrivate householdsAll other industries

Public administration

Self-employed workersUnpaid family workers

102,840

95,119

709

5,170

19,57311,7327,842

7,05120,3806,597

30,6991,097

29,6024,940

7,484237

5,328

4,635

33

395

569198370

2441,665

92

1,572187

1,38568

67419

14,535

13,207

19

266

594259335

3214,965

631

6,142493

5,649269

1,23197

82,977

77,277

657

4,509

18,41011,2757,137

6,48613,7505,874

22,985417

22,5684,603

5,579121

54,344

51,770

384

3,228

12,0577,2944,765

4,2738,3224,135

15,871286

15,5853,498

2,51560

10,769

10,193

92

498

2,8791,7481,131

9132,105

642

2,63232

2,600432

56511

17,864

15,314

181

783

3,4742,2331,241

1,3003,3231,097

4,48299

4,383673

2,49950

38.7

38.6

43.9

38.9

41.842.441.0

41.536.239.9

36.825.737.240.3

40.536.8

43.3

42.9

45.6

41.5

43.143.242.8

43.443.942.3

42.745.142.741.7

48.249.9

33



A-30. Persons at work in nonagrlcultural Industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status


Sex, age, race, and marital status

February 1987

Totalat

work

On parttime for

economicreasons

Onvoluntarypart time


Total 40 hoursor less

41 hoursor more

Averagehours,total

at work

Averagehours,

workerson full-timeschedules

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over16 to 19 years



25 to 44 years45 to 64 years65 years and over

Men, 16 years and over16 to 19 years




Women, 16 years and over16 to 19 years




RACE

White, 16 years and overMenWomen

Black, 16 years and overMenWomen

MARITAL STATUS

Men, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

Women, 16 years and over:Married, spouse presentWidowed, divorced, or separatedSingle (never married)

102,8405,5662,2073,359

97,27512,55084,72555,95426,340

2,431

56,0942,7651,1021,663

53,3296,347

46,98130,75914,825

1,397

46,7462,8001,1051,695

43,9466,202

37,74425,19411,516

1,034

89,43649,35540,080

10,3245,0875,237

36,5655,525

14,004

26,0609,025

11,661

5,328467

75393

4,861984

3,8772,5821,154

139

2,39322637

1892,167

4771,6901,170

46060

2,936241

37204

2,694507

2,1871,413

69679

4,3201,9242,397

856385471

1,111274

1,006

1,459655822

14,5353,5261,9501,577

11,0082,2948,7144,8512,6801,182

4,4761,710

971739

2,766955

1,810674509628

10,0591,816

979837

8,2431,3396,9044,1782,172

554

13,1353,9859,150

1,040348692

1,252256

2,968

5,7791,1313,150

82,9771,573

1821,389

81,4069,272

72,13448,52122,506

1,110

49,225829

94735

48,3964,915

43,48128,91513,856

709

33,751743

89654

33,0094,356

28,65319,6038,648

401

71,98143,44628,533

8,4284,3544,074

34,2024,995

10,030

18,8227,2397,689

54,3441,234

1611,073

53,1116,502

46,60830,78115,036

795

28,82959985

51428,2303,169

25,06216,2298,347

483

25,513635

77559

24,8793,331

21,54814,5476,685

312

45,81524,66221,151

6,6823,2403,444

19,2542,9876,591

14,4955,2825,735

28,633339

21316

28,2952,770

25,52617,7407,470

315

20,396230

9221

20,1661,746

18,41912,6865,509

226

8,238108

1295

8,1301,0257,1055,0561,963

89

26,16618,7847,382

1,7461,114

630

14,9482,0083,439

4,3271,9571,954

38.723.216.627.639.636.340.140.640.128.9

41.724.317.129.042.638.043.243.843.230.4

35.222.216.026.236.034.636.236.736.126.8

38.942.035.0

37.639.335.9

43.742.136.4

35.137.633.4

43.340.236.340.743.342.143.543.643.442.0

44.841.136.641.744.843.245.045.244.842.4

41.139.136.139.641.240.941.241.241.241.2

43.545.041.3

41.342.440.2

45.244.543.3

40.841.741.3

34



A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status


Occupation and sex

February 1987

Totalat

work

102,805

26,31512,32113,99433,3453,05612,69117,59814,359889

1,77811,69212,68016,1077,3774,3674,363

55,948

14,7567,6197,13611,8201,5566,7783,4865,790

261,5494,21511,63111,9524,3883,9483,616

46,857

11,5604,7026,858

21,5241,4995,91314,1128,568862229

7,4771,0494,1562,989419747

On parttime foreconomicreasons

5,318

471146325

1,44180754608

1,55814652

1,361667

1,180393276511

2,379

210781322882416698431334394609840172238430

2,940

26168194

1,15356587510

1,12714218967583412213882

Onvolun-taryparttime

14,547

2,401582

1,8195,894344

2,6922,8584,313442185

3,687414

1,524316414793

4,440

699191508

1,111113650348

1,26019109

1,132316

1,054153249651

10,107

1,702391

1,3114,784232

2,0432,5093,05342376

2,55598470163165142


Total

82,940

23,44311,59311,85026,0092,6329,24514,1338,487301

1,5416,64411,59813,4036,6683,6763,059

49,130

13,8467,3506,49710,4211,4195,9623,0404,099

41,4062,68910,70510,0584,0633,4602,535

33,810

9,5964,2435,35315,5881,2123,28311,0934,388297135

3,955893

3,3452,605216524

40hoursor less

54,258

13,1936,0577,13618,1321,8634,78011,4906,262213956

5,0937,6149,0564,7622,0212,273

28,708

6,8543,3903,4655,604917

2,5262,1622,837

1863

1,9736,9576,4552,7191,8681,869

25,550

6,3382,6673,67112,528946

2,2549,3283,42521293

3,120657

2,6012,044154404

41 to 48hours

10,768

2,9611,4561,5053,164386

1,2521,52693418240676

1,6942,0151,041552422

6,809

1,692879813

1,507220838448504_212292

1,5581,548672529347

3,959

1,270577692

1,656166413

1,07743018283841364683692475

49hours

or more

17,914

7,2894,0803,2094,713383

3,2131,1171,29170345876

2,2902,332865

1,102364

13,613

5,3003,0812,2193,309282

2,5984307583

331424

2,1902,055672

1,063320

4,301

1,989999990

1,40310161568753267144521002761933945

Averagehours,total

at work

38.7

42.344.540.337.439.338.736.232.824.241.132.141.239.140.241.434.7

41.7

45.146.543.542.541.744.339.336.4

O42.634.241.439.841.542.534.7

35.2

38.741.237.034.736.832.335.430.324.331.431.038.337.038.430.834.8

Average

hours,workerson full-time

sched-ules

43.3

45.146.044.242.542.345.840.342.144.244.541.443.042.842.145.441.4

44.8

46.847.545.945.743.847.742.443.3(2)44.842.543.143.643.045.741.5

41.1

42.743.442.040.340.442.339.741.044.141.140.741.040.740.640.941.1

Total, 16 years and over1






Men, 16 years and over1



Service occupationsPrivate household v

Protective serviceService, except private household and protective



Women, 16 years and over1






Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations. Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

35


HOUSEHOLD DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED

A-32. Employment status of the noninstltutional population, Including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,seasonally adjusted


Employment status and sex1986

Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

1987

Jan. Feb.

TOTAL

Noninstitutional population1

Labor force1

Percent of population2

Total employed1

Employment-population ratio3

Resident Armed ForcesCivilian employed


UnemployedUnemployment rate4

Not in labor force

Men


Labor force1


Total employed1




Not in labor force

Women


Labor force1


Total employed1




Not in labor force

181,512118,733

65.4110,248

60.71,691

108,5573,105

105,4528,485

7.162,779

86,95466,737

76.762,142

71.51,539

60,6034,595

6.920,217

94,55851,996

55.048,106

50.9152

47,9543,890

7.542,562

181,678118,880

65.4110,500

60.81,693

108,8073,252

105,5558,380

7.062,798

87,03566,793

76.762,221

71.51,540

60,6814,572

6.820,242

94,64352,087

55.048,279

51.0153

48,1263,808

7.342,556

181,843118,987

65.4110,664

60.91,695

108,9693,199

105,7708,323

7.062,856

87,12066,770

76.662,253

71.51,541

60,7124,517

6.820,350

94,72352,217

55.148,411

51.1154

48,2573,806

7.342,506

181,998119,274

65.5110,852

60.91,687

109,1653,151

106,0148,422

7.162,724

87,19566,854

76.762,201

71.31,533

60,6684,653

7.020,341

94,80352,420

55.348,651

51.3154

48,4973,769

7.242,383

182,183119,685

65.7111,293

61.11,680

109,6133,164

106,4498,392

7.062,498

87,28866,937

76.762,318

71.41,525

60,7934,619

6.920,351

94,89552,748

55.648,975

51.6155

48,8203,773

7.242,147

182,354119,789

65.7111,559

61.21,672

109,8873,124

106,7638,230

6.962,565

87,37366,968

76.662,402

71.41,518

60,8844,566

6.820,405

94,98152,821

55.649,157

51.8154

49,0033,664

6.942,160

182,525119,821

65.6111,764

61.21,697

110,0673,057

107,0108,057

6.762,704

87,46066,911

76.562,483

71.41,541

60,9424,428

6.620,549

95,06552,910

55.749,281

51.8156

49,1253,629

6.942,155

182,713119,988

65.7111,703

61.11,716

109,9873,142

106,8458,285

6.962,725

87,55667,128

76.762,528

71.41,560

60,9684,600

6.920,428

95,15652,860

55.649,175

51.7156

49,0193,685

7.042,296

182,935120,163

65.7111,941

61.21,749

110,1923,162

107,0308,222

6.862,772

87,68267,130

76.662,565

71.41,590

60,9754,565

6.820,552

95,25353,033

55.749,376

51.8159

49,2173,657

6.942,220

183,114120,426

65.8112,183

61.31,751

110,4323,215

107,2178,243

6.862,688

87,77367,407

76.862,833

71.61,592

61,2414,574

6.820,366

95,34153,019

55.649,350

51.8159

49,1913,669

6.942,322

183,297120,336

65.7112,387

61.31,750

110,6373,161

107,4767,949

6.662,961

87,86867,425

76.762,986

71.71,593

61,3934,439

6.620,443

95,42952,911

55.449,401

51.8157

49,2443,510

6.642,518

183,575120,782

65.8112,759

61.41,748

111,0113,145

107,8668,023

6.662,793

88,02067,672

76.963,187

71.81,591

61,5964,484

6.620,348

95,55653,110

55.649,572

51.9157

49,4153,538

6.742,446

183,738121,089

65.9113,122

61.61,740

111,3823,236

108,1467,967

6.662,649

88,09967,764

76.963,335

71.91,584

61,7514,429

6.520,335

95,63953,325

55.849,787

52.1156

49,6313,538

6.642,314

Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the UnitedStates.

2 Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.3 Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.% Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident

Armed Forces).NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for

seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown intables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of theindependent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

36



A-33. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted


Employment status,sex, and age

1986


1987

Jan. Feb,

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population1

Civilian labor forcePercent of population

EmployedEmployment-population ratio2


Men, 20 years and over






Not in labor force







Not in labor force







Not in labor force

179,821117,04;

65.1108,557

60.48,485

7.2

78,17161,092

78.257,296

73.32,261

55,0353,796

6.217,079

87,18548,009

55.144,820

51.4591

44,2293,189

6.639,176

14,4657,941

54.96,44144.5253

6,1881,50018.9

6,524

179,985117,187

65.1108,807

60.58,380

7.2

78,23661,177

78.257,388

73.42,389

54,9993,789

6.217,059

87,26348,065

55.144,934

51.5589

44,3453,131

6.539,198

14,4857,94554.9

6,48544.8274

6,2111,46018.4

6,540

180,148117,292

65.1108,969

60.58,323

7.1

78,30961,080

78.057,392

73.32,319

55,0733,688

6.017,229

87,35548,181

55.245,094

51.6585

44,5093,087

6.439,174

14,4848,031

55.46,48344.8295

6,1881,548

19.36,453

180,311117,587

65.2109,165

60.58,422

7.2

78,38761,158

78.057,338

73.12,279

55,0593,820

6.217,229

87,44448,433

55.445,335

51.8604

44,7313,098

6.439,011

14,4807,996

55.26,49244.8268

6,2241,504

18.86,484

180,503118,005

65.4109,613

60.78,392

7.1

78,48461,330

78.157,522

73.32,309

55,2133,808

6.217,154

87,54748,739

55.745,657

52.2583

45,0743,082

6.338,808

14,4727,93654.8

6,43444.5272

6,1621,50218.9

6,536

180,682118,117

65.4109,887

60.88,230

7.0

78,58661,355

78.157,544

73.22,275

55,2693,811

6.217,231

87,62948,879

55.845,869

52.3607

45,2623,010

6.238,750

14,4677,883

54.56,47444.8242

6,2321,40917.9

6,584

180,828118,124

65.3110,067

60.98,057

6.8

78,63461,219

77.957,585

73.22,185

55,4003,634

5.917,415

87,68948,950

55.845,956

52.4622

45,3342,994

6.138,739

14,5057,95554.8

6,52645.0250

6,2761,42918.0

6,550

180,997118,272

65.3109,987

60.88,285

7.0

78,72261,412

78.057,607

73.22,286

55,3213,805

6.217,310

87,77948,920

55.745,905

52.3614

45,2913,015

6.238,859

14,4967,94054.8

6,47544.7242

6,2331,465

18.56,556

181,186118,414

65.4110,192

60.88,222

6.9

78,80261,409

77.957,595

73.12,297

55,2983,814

6.217,393

87,85649,014

55.846,020

52.4612

45,4082,994

6.138,842

14,5277,99155.0

6,57745.3253

6,3241,414

17.76,536

181,363118,675

65.4110,432

60.98,243

78,87461,703

78.257,883

73.42,303

55,5803,820

6.217,171

87,93349,043

55.846,067

52.4675

45,3922,976

6.138,890

14,5577,92954.5

6,48244.5237

6,2451,44718.2

6,628

181,547 181,827118,586 119,034

65.3110,637

60.97,949

6.7

78,97361,826

78.358,101

73.62,289

55,8123,725

6.017,147

88,01648,923

55.646,058

52.3621

45,4372,865

5.939,093

14,5587,83753.8

6,47844.5251

6,2271,359

17.36,721

65.5111,011

61.18,023

6.7

79,13261,948

78.358,227

73.62,254

55,9743,720

6.017,184

88,15049,161

55.846,261

52.5628

45,6332,900

5.938,989

14,5457,926

54.56,52444.9264

6,2601,402

17.76,619

181,998119,349

65.6111,382

61.27,967

6.7

79,21661,973

78.258,325

73.62,300

56,0243,648

5.917,243

88,23749,348

55.946,475

52.7641

45,8352,873

5.838,889

14,5468,02855.2

6,58245.2295

6,2871,446

18.06,518

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional

population.

37



A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonallyadjusted


Employment status,race, sex, age, and

Hispanic origin

1986


1987

Jan. Feb.

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..Civilian labor force


Employment-population ratio2...Unemployed

Unemployment rate



EmployedEmployment-population ratio2...










MenWomen

BLACK

Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..Civilian labor force


Employment-population ratio2...Unemployed

Unemployment rate



EmployedEmployment-population ratio2..







154,889101,178

65.394,780

61.26,398

6.3

53,53878.6

50,62974.3

2,9095.4

40,75054.4

38,36551.2

2,3855.9

6,89058.1

5,78648.8

1,10416.016.615.4

19,86312,572

63.310,704

53.91,86814.9

5,86674.7

5,08864.877813.3

5,79258.6

5,06851.372412.5

155,005101,208

65.394,955

61.36,253

6.2

53,53278.5

50,61574.2

2,9175.4

40,82654.5

38,51951.4

2,3075.7

6,85057.8

5,82149.1

1,02915.015.914.1

19,88912,634

63.510,770

54.21,864

14.8

5,90275.1

5,14965.575312.8

5,79958.6

5,08451.471512.3

155,122101,237

65.395,095

61.36,142

6.1

53,44478.3

50,66374.2

2,7815.2

40,89054.5

38,65151.5

2,2395.5

6,90358.1

5,78148.7

1,12216.317.115.4

19,91612,687

63.710,809

54.31,878

14.8

5,90475.0

5,14965.475512.8

5,85359.1

5,12051.773312.5

155,236101,531

65.495,283

61.46,248

6.2

53,53278.4

50,62874.1

2,9045.4

41,10354.8

38,85451.8

2,2495.5

6,89658.1

5,80148.8

1,09515.917.014.7

19,94312,721

63.810,839

54.31,882

14.8

5,92475.1

5,16165.476312.9

5,87659.2

5,13051.774612.7

155,376101,946

65.695,720

61.66,226

6.1

53,65178.5

50,76274.2

2,8895.4

41,42455.1

39,17952.2

2,2455.4

6,87157.9

5,77948.7

1,09215.917.114.6

19,97412,712

63.610,818

54.21,894

14.9

5,94875.3

5,15765.379113.3

5,84858.8

5,10751.474112.7

155,502102,015

65.695,861

61.66,154

6.0

53,63978.4

50,73174.1

2,9085.4

41,58455.3

39,36852.4

2,2165.3

6,79257.2

5,76248.5

1,03015.215.614.7

20,00212,611

63.010,822

54.11,789

14.2

5,93975.0

5,17065.376912.9

5,84858.8

5,14151.670712.1

155,604102,122

65.696,177

61.85,945

5.8

53,58378.2

50,87774.3

2,7065.1

41,64055.4

39,46652.5

2,1745.2

6,89958.1

5,83449.1

1,06515.416.614.2

20,02812,553

62.710,716

53.51,837

14.6

5,88574.2

5,11064.577513.2

5,84158.6

5,11251.372912.5

155,723102,158

65.696,000

61.66,158

6.0

53,72778.4

50,84574.2

2,8825.4

41,54755.2

39,36552.3

2,1825.3

6,88457.9

5,79048.7

1,09415.916.615.1

20,05612,652

63.110,799

53.81,853

14.6

5,90674.4

5,11664.579013.4

5,87258.8

5,14551.572712.4

155,856102,297

65.696,147

61.76,150

6.0

53,75778.3

50,84574.1

2,9125.4

41,59855.2

39,43152.3

2,1675.2

6,94258.4

5,87149.4

1,07115.415.715.2

20,08912,720

63.310,895

54.21,825

14.3

5,93274.6

5,15364.877913.1

5,90959.1

5,17851.873112.4

155,979102,455

65.796,281

61.76,174

6.0

54,01578.7

51,08974.4

2,9265.4

41,54055.1

39,39952.3

2,1415.2

6,90058.0

5,79348.7

1,10716.016.315.7

20,12012,719

63.210,910

54.21,80914.2

5,93474.5

5,17165.076312.9

5,94359.3

5,20051.974312.5

156,111102,503

65.796,533

61.85,970

5.8

54,17278.8

51,28674.6

2,8865.3

41,51455.0

39,45652.3

2,0585.0

6,81757.3

5,79148.7

1,02615.115.514.6

20,15212,707

63.110,968

54.41,739

13.7

5,94774.5

5,24465.770311.8

5,90758.9

5,18251.772512.3

156,313102,746

65.796,717

61.96,029

5.9

54,18278.7

51,29774.5

2,8855.3

41,68055.2

39,56852.4

2,1115.1

6,88557.8

5,85249.2

1,03315.016.113.8

20,18712,831

63.610,997

54.51,83314.3

5,98674.9

5,25665.773012.2

5,98459.6

5,22152.076312.8

156,431102,893

65.896,995

62.05,898

5.7

54,17578.6

51,36274.5

2,8135.2

41,76255.2

39,73552.6

2,0284.9

6,95558.4

5,89849.5

1,05715.216.014.3

20,21812,957

64.111,101

54.91,85514.3

6,01275.1

5,28866.072412.0

6,03059.9

5,25552.277512.9

38



A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonallyadjusted—Continued


Employment status,race, sex, age, and

Hispanic origin

BLACK—ContinuedBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years




MenWomen

HISPANIC ORIGIN

Civilian noninstitutional population1 .Civilian labor force


Employment-population ratio2..Unemployed

Unemployment rate

1986


1987

Jan. Feb.

91442.8548

25.6366

40.039.540.7

12,1847,92265.0

6,99157.493111.8

93343.7537

25.2396

42.442.642.2

12,2197,92664.9

7,09558.183110.5

93043.554025.339041.941.242.7

12,2557,969

65.07,129

58.284010.5

92143.254825.737340.540.540.5

12,2908,00665.1

7,13658.187010.9

91642.9554

26.0362

39.539.739.4

12,3268,08565.6

7,22458.686110.6

82438.751124.031338.040.535.0

12,3628,12165.7

7,26958.885210.5

82738.849423.133340.338.841.9

12,3978,130

65.67,24858.588210.8

87440.953825.233638.438.638.3

12,4328,179

65.87,28658.689310.9

87941.156426.331535.837.833.8

12,4698,20065.8

7,34558.985510.4

84239.3539

25.130336.035.037.0

12,5058,226

65.87,437

59.5789

85339.8542

25.331136.536.136.9

12,5408,320

66.37,446

59.487410.5

86040.1520

24.234039.536.543.2

12,6538,431

66.67,53859.689310.6

91542.6559

26.035638.938.339.5

12,6928,457

66.67,644

60.28139.6

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.2 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional

population.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will notsum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presentedand Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Category1986

Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec,

1987

Jan. Feb.

CHARACTERISTIC

TotalMarried men, spouse presentMarried women, spouse presentWomen who maintain families

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OFWORKER

Agriculture:Wage and salary workersSelf-employed workersUnpaid family workers

Nonagricultural industries:Wage and salary workersGovernmentPrivate industries

Private householdsOther industries

Self-employed workersUnpaid family workers ....

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1

All industries:Part time for economic reasonsSlack workCould only find part-time work

Voluntary part time

Nonagricultural industries:Part time for economic reasonsSlack workCould only find part-time work

Voluntary part time

108,55739,36326,6955,723

1,5121,444

158

97,50016,15581,345

1,20880,1377,711

261

5,4462,3852,724

13,800

5,2142,2422,669

13,354

108,80739,39626,761

5,754

1,6551,450

169

97,66116,16081,501

1,22780,274

7,713243

5,5482,3522,908

13,778

5,2952,1602,619

13,351

108,96939,50426,889

5,799

1,5391,467

173

97,85816,23181,627

1,30980,3187,634

251

5,8532,5342,922

13,900

5,5672,3822,806

13,528

109,16539,58227,0165,734

1,4891,472

177

98,04716,33381,714

1,26180,4537,793

235

5,8252,6052,843

13,853

5,5692,4852,749

13,412

109,61339,61327,354

5,719

1,5081,492

163

98,31416,37781,937

1,26780,6707,832

236

5,5382,4372,813

14,142

5,3222,3072,727

13,613

109,887 110,06739,63427,474

5,812

1,5041,434

171

98,31216,58281,730

1,24180,4898,019

258

5,4422,4732,661

13,967

5,2222,3172,609

13,578

39,73527,3885,832

1,5091,387

174

98,58616,44682,140

1,24780,8937,956

271

5,4712,4172,741

13,981

5,2692,2832,678

13,606

109,98739,69127,249

5,926

1,5211,460

159

98,69216,33382,359

1,22981,130

7,939275

5,5442,4722,772

13,922

5,3032,3142,710

13,520

110,19239,78027,323

6,016

1,5621,451

164

98,84616,26482,582

1,21681,366

7,993265

5,7402,4812,826

14,178

5,4502,3142,739

13,736

110,43239,95227,3336,041

1,5821,425

198

98,86916,45782,412

1,18381,229

8,179252

5,5632,5102,714

14,021

5,3192,3662,626

13,567

110,63740,09327,4006,005

1,6211,400

152

99,16416,44382,721

1,18981,5328,056

239

5,5962,4442,867

13,877

5,3422,2662,765

13,455

111,01140,10227,525

5,985

1,6501,370

136

99,55016,41283,138

1,26981,869

8,192246

5,5052,4732,695

14,170

5,2012,2812,599

13,750

111,38239,91327,817

5,906

1,6471,454

126

99,74816,53283,216

1,20482,0128,187

255

5,7802,5352,828

14,061

5,4592,3402,742

13,597

1 Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

39



A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Sex and age1986


1987

Jan. Feb.

Total, 16 years and over ...















108,557

20,4506,4412,5543,897

14,00988,11973,92614,131

60,603

10,7353,3071,3281,9967,428

49,89941,542

8,329

47,954

9,7153,1341,2261,9016,581

38,22032,384

5,802

108,807

20,4186,4852,6523,877

13,93388,42274,16414,230

60,681

10,6613,2931,3551,9427,368

50,05741,626

8,411

48,126

9,7573,1921,2971,9356,565

38,36532,538

5,819

108,969

20,2986,4832,6193,842

13,81588,65074,39814,266

60,712

10,5763,3201,3561,9607,256

50,14241,7208,426

48,257

9,7223,1631,2631,8826,559

38,50832,678

5,840

109,165

20,2116,4922,6123,873

13,71988,91674,46414,352

60,668

10,4963,3301,3671,9607,166

50,15241,6378,462

48,497

9,7153,1621,2451,9136,553

38,76432,827

5,890

109,613

20,2506,4342,6113,821

13,81689,38774,89414,501

60,793

10,5093,2711,3501,9237,238

50,26741,853

8,441

48,820

9,7413,1631,2611,8986,578

39,12033,0416,060

109,887

20,2686,4742,6053,830

13,79489,73075,20714,447

60,884

10,5903,3401,3571,9707,250

50,32141,884

8,402

49,003

9,6783,1341,2481,8606,544

39,40933,3236,045

110,067

20,2816,5262,5933,903

13,75589,79275,40514,445

60,942

10,5673,3571,3252,0057,210

50,39342,050

8,357

49,125

9,7143,1691,2681,8986,545

39,39933,3556,088

109,987

20,1636,4752,6703,804

13,68889,79675,58214,269

60,968

10,5283,3611,3991,9657,167

50,41942,124

8,323

49,019

9,6353,1141,2711,8396,521

39,37733,4585,946

110,192

20,2636,5772,7143,877

13,68689,89975,71414,223

60,975

10,5873,3801,3912,0037,207

50,34842,0498,329

49,217

9,6763,1971,3231,8746,479

39,55133,6655,894

110,432

20,2016,4822,6483,843

13,71990,22175,88914,341

61,241

10,5463,3581,3532,0097,188

50,70542,278

8,428

49,191

9,6553,1241,2951,8346,531

39,51633,6115,913

110,637

20,0936,4782,7173,771

13,61590,52476,24714,349

61,393

10,4493,2921,3731,9337,157

50,94342,485

8,507

49,244

9,6443,1861,3441,8386,458

39,58133,762

5,842

111,011

20,2376,5242,7133,816

13,71390,72576,28114,450

61,596

10,5263,3691,3951,9747,156

51,05342,569

8,458

49,415

9,7113,1541,3181,8426,557

39,67233,7125,992

111,382

20,2936,5822,7273,844

13,71191,10476,68014,363

61,751

10,6083,4261,4252,0007,182

51,20742,7028,470

49,631

9,6853,1551,3021,8446,529

39,89733,9785,893

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Sex and age1986


1987

Jan. Feb.
















8,485

3,2061,500704806

1,7065,2754,641631

4,595

1,694799395414895

2,9062,528373

3,890

1,512701309392811

2,3692,113258

8,380

3,1251,460653808

1,6655,2394,615623

4,572

1,694783349434911

2,8672,494364

3,808

1,431677304374754

2,3722,121259

8,323

3,2181,548686868

1,6705,0974,521576

4,517

1,757829363467928

2,7582,420348

3,806

1,461719323401742

2,3392,101228

8,422

3,2421,504686816

1,7385,1614,634556

4,653

1,778833369464945

2,8552,536344

3,769

1,464671317352793

2,3062,098212

8,392

3,1571,502681813

1,6555,2124,677569

4,619

1,699811337463888

2,8852,551363

3,773

1,458691344350767

2,3272,126206

8,230

3,0711,409642740

1,6625,1484,584574

4,566

1,660755345395905

2,8962,548350

3,664

1,411654297345757

2,2522,036224

8,057

3,0011,429641787

1,5725,0874,525561

4,428

1,625794350441831

2,8352,471356

3,629

1,376635291346741

2,2522,054205

8,285

3,1731,465668790

1,7085,1304,523587

4,600

1,761795373416966

2,8572,472364

3,685

1,412670295374742

2,2732,051223

8,222

3,0221,414647766

1,6085,1974,597603

4,565

1,615751344409864

2,9452,558385

3,657

1,407663303357744

2,2522,039218

8,243

3,0051,447686768

1,5585,2304,630571

4,574

1,635754366388881

2,9312,568361

3,669

1,370693320380677

2,2992,062210

7,949

2,9861,359629737

1,6274,9614,422527

4,439

1,623714325395909

2,8092,462351

3,510

1,363645304342718

2,1521,960176

8,023

3,0451,402683735

1,6435,0244,552477

4,484

1,626764380401862

2,9012,578310

3,538

1,419638303334781

2,1241,974167

7,967

3,0491,446693765

1,6034,9124,459452

4,429

1,673781383410892

2,7602,461293

3,538

1,375665310355710

2,1521,998158

40



A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Civilian workers)

Sex and age1986


1987

Jan. Feb.
















7.2

13.618.921.617.110.95.65.94.3

7.0

13.619.522.917.210.85.55.74.3

7.5

13.518.320.117.111.05.86.14.3

7.2

13.318.419.817.210.75.65.94.2

7.0

13.719.220.518.311.05.45.74.1

7.3

12.817.519.016.210.35.86.14.3

7.1

13.719.320.818.410.85.45.73.9

6.9

14.220.021.119.211.35.25.54.0

7.3

13.118.520.417.610.25.76.03.8

7.2

13.818.820.817.411.25.55.93.7

7.1

14.520.021.319.111.75.45.73.9

7.2

13.117.520.315.510.85.66.03.5

7.1

13.518.920.717.510.75.55.93.8

7.1

13.919.920.019.410.95.45.74.1

7.2

13.017.921.415.610.45.66.03.3

7.0

13.217.919.816.210.85.45.73.8

7.0

13.618.420.316.711.15.45.74.0

7.0

12.717.319.215.610.45.45.83.6

6.8

12.918.019.816.810.35.45.73.7

6.8

13.319.120.918.010.35.35.64.1

6.9

12.416.718.715.410.25.45.83.3

7.0

13.618.520.017.211.15.45.64.0

7.0

14.319.121.017.511.95.45.54.2

7.0

12.817.718.816.910.25.55.83.6

6.9

13.017.719.316.510.55.55.74.1

7.0

13.218.219.817.010.75.55.74.4

6.9

12.717.218.616.010.35.45.73.6

6.9

12.918.220.616.710.25.55.83.8

6.9

13.418.321.316.210.95.55.74.1

6.9

12.418.219.817.29.45.55.83.4

6.7

12.917.318.816.310.75.25.53.5

6.7

13.417.819.117.011.35.25.54.0

6.7

12.416.818.415.710.05.25.52.9

6.7

13.117.720.116.210.75.25.63.2

6.8

13.418.521.416.910.75.45.73.5

6.7

12.716.818.715.310.65.15.52.7

6.7

13.118.020.316.610.55.15.53.0

6.7

13.618.621.217.011.15.15.43.3

6.7

12.417.419.216.19.85.15.62.6

A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

(Unemployment rates)

Category1986


1987

Jan. Feb.

CHARACTERISTIC

Total (all civilian workers)Men, 20 years and overWomen, 20 years and overBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

WhiteBlack and otherBlackHispanic origin

Married men, spouse presentMarried women, spouse presentWomen who maintain families

Full-time workersPart-time workersUnemployed 15 weeks and over1

Labor force time lost2

INDUSTRY

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workersMiningConstructionManufacturing


Transportation and public utilitiesWholesale and retail tradeFinance and service industries

Agricultural wage and salary workers

7.26.26.6

18.9

6.313.314.911.8

4.55.59.9

6.99.32.08.1

7.29.5

13.07.37.47.15.37.85.9

13.8

7.26.26.5

18.4

6.213.414.810.5

4.55.5

10.1

6.89.11.98.1

7.110.513.07.26.97.65.87.75.6

12.1

7.16.06.4

19.3

6.113.514.810.5

4.25.39.5

6.79.41.88.1

7.112.412.36.96.96.95.57.95.8

13.4

7.26.26.4

18.8

6.213.514.810.9

4.45.3

10.1

6.99.11.98.2

7.213.613.07.47.37.55.37.95.5

15.3

7.16.26.3

18.9

6.113.514.910.6

4.55.2

10.0

6.79.11.98.1

7.117.312.47.27.07.55.47.75.5

13.2

7.06.26.2

17.9

6.012.714.210.5

4.45.29.5

6.69.21.97.8

7.116.613.06.96.77.25.57.85.7

11.4

6.85.96.1

18.0

5.813.114.610.8

4.25.1

10.1

6.49.31.97.7

6.916.612.46.96.86.94.87.55.6

13.3

7.06.26.2

18.5

6.013.114.610.9

4.35.19.8

6.69.32.07.9

7.013.912.97.06.57.74.77.65.6

12.9I

6.96.26.1

17.7

6.012.714.310.4

4.65.08.9

6.69.21.87.8

7.014.513.87.37.27.35.27.45.4

11.9

6.96.26.1

18.2

6.012.714.29.6

4.55.09.7

6.69.11.97.7

7.014.515.17.16.67.94.47.25.4

10.1

6.76.05.9

17.3

5.812.313.710.5

4.34.89.8

6.38.81.87.6

6.814.113.76.96.47.74.67.25.1

11.5

6.76.05.9

17.7

5.912.614.310.6

4.24.89.8

6.49.01.87.6

6.714.012.26.86.86.84.87.55.2

11.6

6.75.95.8

18.0

5.712.814.39.6

4.24.89.5

6.38.71.87.6

6.612.411.66.86.86.94.07.25.4

11.2

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.? Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time

for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor forcehours.

41



A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted


Weeks of unemployment1986


1987

Jan. Feb.

DURATION

Less than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks15 weeks and over


Average (mean) duration, in weeksMedian duration, in weeks


Total unemployedLess than 5 weeks5 to 14 weeks15 weeks and over


3,5342,6152,3321,1421,190

15.2

100.041.730.827.513.514.0

3,5362,6252,2431,0781,165

14.66.8

100.042.131.226.712.813.9

3,5652,6502,130

9821,148

14.76.6

100.042.731.825.511.813.8

3,6102,6712,2321,0651,167

14.86.8

100.042.431.426.212.513.7

3,4152,6502,2991,0381,261

15.27.2

100.040.831.727.512.415.1

3,3992,5212,2501,0581,192

15.17.1

100.041.630.927.512.914.6

3,4362,4072,2721,0681,204

15.67.1

100.042.329.728.013.214.8

3,4152,5242,3731,1101,263

15.57.1

100.041.130.428.513.415.2

3,4182,5632,168

9501,218

15.27.0

100.041.931.526.611.714.9

3,3822,6132,2171,0451,172

14.87.0

100.041.231.827.012.714.3

3,3552,3892,1711,0231,148

15.07.1

100.042.430.227.412.914.5

3,4162,5302,2001,0221,178

15.07.0

100.041.931.127.012.514.5

3,3612,4772,1311,0081,123

14.66.6

100.042.231.126.712.714.1

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted


Reasons for unemployment1986


1987

Jan. Feb.

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED







UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THECIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losersJob leaversReentrantsNew entrants

4,1471,1363,011

9852,2631,073

100.049.013.435.611.626.712.7

3.5.8

1.9.9

4,2101,1443,066

9892,1961,006

100.050.113.636.511.826.112.0

3.6.8

1.9.9

4,0351,0572,9781,0712,1881,048

100.048.412.735.712.826.212.6

3.4.9

1.9.9

4,2141,1183,096

9792,2001,046

100.049.913.236.711.626.112.4

3.6.8

1.9.9

4,2721,0743,1981,0092,1071,050

100.050.612.737.912.025.012.4

3.6.9

1.8.9

4,0631,0782,9851,0252,205

989

100.049.113.036.012.426.611.9

3.4.9

1.9.8

3,8241,0172,807

9902,1991,014

100.047.612.735.012.327.412.6

3.2.8

1.9.9

4,0441,0293,0151,0412,1451,038

100.048.912.436.512.625.912.6

3.4.9

1.8.9

3,9841,0722,9121,0272,190

972

100.048.713.135.612.626.811.9

3.4.9

1.8.8

3,9471,0732,8741,0562,1191,076

100.048.113.135.112.925.813.1

3.3.9

1.8.9

3,8901,0782,8121,0362,0191,015

100.048.913.535.313.025.412.8

3.3.9

1.7.9

3,9711,1182,854

8912,0541,084

100.049.614.035.711.125.713.6

3.3.7

1.7

3,839998

2,8421,0462,0421,040

100.048.212.535.713.125.613.1

3.2.9

1.7.9

42


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT

B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major Industry, 1935 to date

(In thousands)

Yearand

monthTotal Total

private

Goods-producing

Total Mining Construc-tion

Manufac-turing

Service-producing

Total

Transpor-tationand

publicutilities

Whole-saletrade

Retailtrade

Finance,insurance,

andreal

estate

Services

Government

Federal State Local

Annual averages

1935 ...1936 ...1937 ...1938 ...1939 ...

1940 ...1941 ...1942 ...1943 ...1944 ...1945 ..,1946 ...1947 ...1948 ...1949 ...

1950 ...1951 ..,1952 ...1953 ...1954 ...1955 ...1956 ...1957 ...1958 ...19592 .

1960 ...1961 ...1962 ...1963 ...1964 ...1965 ...1966 ...1967 ..1968 ...1969 ..

1970 ..1971 ..1972 ..1973 ..1974 ..1975 ..1976 ..1977 ..1978 ..1979 ..

1980 ..1981 ...1982 ...1983 ...1984 ...1985 ...1986 ...

1986:FebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember

1987:January"February

27,03929,06831,01129,19430,603

32,36136,53940,10642,43441,86440,37441,65243,85744,86643,754

45,19747,81948,79350,20248,99050,64152,36952,85351,32453,268

54,18953,99955,54956,65358,28360,76563,90165,80367,89770,384

70,88071,21473,67576,79078,26576,94579,38282,47186,69789,823

90,40691,15689,56690,20094,49697,614

100,167

23,55825,40027,25525,31126,608

28,15931,87734,62436,35635,82234,43136,05638,38239,21637,897

39,17041,43042,18543,55642,23843,72745,09145,23943,48345,186

45,83645,40446,66047,42948,68650,68953,11654,41356,05858,189

58,32558,33160,34163,05864,09562,25964,51167,34471,02673,876

74,16675,12673,72974,33078,47281,19983,432

10,89311,93312,93611,40112,297

13,22115,96318,47020,11419,32817,50717,24818,50918,77417,565

18,50619,95920,19821,07419,75120,51321,10420,96419,51320,411

20,43419,85720,45120,64021,00521,92623,15823,30823,73724,361

23,57822,93523,66824,89324,79422,60023,35224,34625,58526,461

25,65825,49723,81323,33424,72724,93024,938

897946

1,015891854

925957992925892836862955994930

901929898866791792822828751732

712672650635634632627613606619

623609628642697752779813851958

1,0271,1391,128

952966930792

9271,1601,1271,0701,165

1,3111,8142,1981,5871,1081,1471,6832,0092,1982,194

2,3642,6372,6682,6592,6462,8393,0392,9622,8173,004

2,9262,8592,9483,0103,0973,2323,3173,2483,3503,575

3,5883,7043,8894,0974,0203,5253,5763,8514,2294,463

4,3464,1883,9053,9484,3834,6874,960

9,0699,827

10,7949,440

10,278

10,98513,19215,28017,60217,32815,52414,70315,54515,58214,441

15,24116,39316,63217,54916,31416,88217,24317,17415,94516,675

16,79616,32616,85316,99517,27418,06219,21419,44719,78120,167

19,36718,62319,15120,15420,07718,32318,99719,68220,50521,040

20,28520,17018,78118,43419,37819,31419,186

16,14617,13518,07517,79318,306

19,14020,57421,63622,32022,53622,86724,40425,34826,09226,189

26,69127,86028,59529,12829,23930,12831,26631,88931,81132,857

33,75534,14235,09836,01337,27838,83940,74342,49544,16046,023

47,30248,27850,00751,89753,47154,34556,03058,12561,11363,363

64,74865,65965,75366,86669,76972,68475,229

2,7862,9733,1342,8632,936

3,0383,2743,4603,6473,8293,9064,0614,1664,1894,001

4,0344,2264,2484,2904,0844,1414,2444,2413,9764,011

4,0043,9033,9063,9033,9514,0364,1584,2684,3184,442

4,5154,4764,5414,6564,7254,5424,5824,7134,9235,136

5,1465,1655,0824,9545,1595,2425,286

(1)(1)(1)0(1)

(1)1,9601,9061,8221,8451,9492,2912,4712,6052,602

2,6352,7272,8122,8542,8672,9263,0183,0282,9803,082

3,1433,1333,1983,2483,3373,4663,5973,6893,7793,907

3,9934,0014,1134,2774,4334,4154,5464,7084,9695,204

5,2755,3585,2785,2685,5555,7405,853

(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)

(1)5,2515,2125,1605,2145,3656,0846,4856,6676,662

6,7517,0157,1927,3937,3687,6107,8407,8587,7708,045

8,2488,2048,3688,5308,8239,2509,6489,917

10,32010,798

11,04711,35111,83612,32912,55412,64513,20913,80814,57314,989

15,03515,18915,17915,61316,54517,36017,978

1,3201,3731,4171,4101,447

1,4851,5251,5091,4811,4611,4811,6751,7281,8001,828

1,8881,9562,0352,1112,2002,2982,3892,4382,4812,549

2,6292,6882,7542,8302,9112,9773,0583,1853,3373,512

3,6453,7723,9084,0464,1484,1654,2714,4674,7244,975

5,1605,2985,3415,4685,6895,9536,305

3,1283,3123,5033,4583,502

3,6653,9054,0664,1304,1454,2224,6975,0255,1815,240

5,3575,5475,6995,8355,9696,2406,4976,7086,7657,087

7,3787,6207,9828,2778,6609,0369,498

10,04510,56711,169

11,54811,79712,27612,85713,44113,89214,55115,30316,25217,112

17,89018,61919,03619,69420,79721,97423,072

753826833829905

9961,3402,2132,9052,9282,8082,2541,8921,8631,908

1,9282,3022,4202,3052,1882,1872,2092,2172,1912,233

2,2702,2792,3402,3582,3482,3782,5642,7192,7372,758

2,7312,6962,6842,6632,7242,7482,7332,7272,7532,773

2,8662,7722,7392,7742,8072,8752,899

0V)(1)(1)(1)

O(1)(1)0(1)0(1)(1)(1)(1)

(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)0

1,3281,4151,484

1,5361,6071,6681,7471,8561,9962,1412,3022,4422,533

2,6642,7472,8592,9233,0393,1793,2733,3773,4743,541

3,6103,6403,6403,6623,7343,8483,937

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted

99,42999,48499,78399,91899,843

100,105100,283100,560100,826101,068101,322

101,641101,978

82,74882,78583,07283,19883,16183,50883,65583,78683,95684,17884,394

84,73885,062

25,03824,94525,03824,96524,85424,86924,88824,85824,86524,89124,920

25,00925,059

880852821790772768753743746742738

729727

4,8644,8384,9724,9744,9474,9805,0125,0105,0014,9934,996

5,1095,111

19,29419,25519,24519,20119,13519,12119,12319,10519,11819,15619,186

19,17119,221

74,39174,53974,74574,95374,98975,23675,39575,70275,96176,17776,402

76,63276,919

5,2775,2805,2665,2655,1675,2885,2555,3165,3165,3515,359

5,3785,383

5,8435,8415,8645,8725,8295,8495,8635,8595,8645,8595,859

5,8675,878

17,79517,82817,85117,91117,94417,99218,03018,06518,14318,19718,206

18,32318,452

6,1576,1846,2286,2616,2956,3346,3646,3886,4096,4296,472

6,4966,512

22,63822,70722,82522,92423,07223,17623,25523,30023,35923,45123,578

23,66523,778

2,9182,9232,9142,8992,8752,8662,8752,9012,8962,8992,907

2,9082,917

3,9243,9273,9383,9363,9273,9213,9193,9323,9593,9653,983

3,9793,977

o(1)V)(1)(1)(1)(1)o(1)00

()001

4,0714,2324,366

4,5474,7084,8815,1215,3925,7006,0806,3716,6606,904

7,1587,4377,790

8,4078,7588,8659,0239,4469,633

9,7659,6199,4589,4349,4829,6929,899

9,8399,8499,8599,8859,8809,8109,8349,941

10,01510,02610,038

10,01610,022

1 Not available.2 Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an

increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959benchmark month.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1985benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusteddata (beginning April 1985) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January1982) are subject to revision.

43


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENTNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry

(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

All employees

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Production workers1

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Total

Total private.

Mining.

Metal mining...Iron oresCopper ores.

Coal miningBituminous coal and lignite mining

Oil and gas extractionCrude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids ...Oil and gas field services

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ,Crushed and broken stoneSand and gravelChemical and fertilizer minerals...

Construction.

General building contractorsResidential building constructionOperative buildersNonresidential building construction

Heavy construction contractorsHighway and street constructionHeavy construction, except highway.

Special trade contractorsPlumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...Painting, paper hanging, and decorating .Electrical workMasonry, stonework, and plasteringCarpentering and flooringRoofing and sheet metal work

Manufacturing .

Durable goods.

Lumber and wood productsLogging camps and logging contractorsSawmills and planing mills

Sawmills and planing mills, generalHardwood dimension and flooring

Millwork, plywood, and structural membersMillworkWood kitchen cabinetsHardwood veneer and plywoodSoftwood veneer and plywood

Wood containersWood buildings and mobile homes

Mobile homesMiscellaneous wood products

10101102

11,1212

13131,2138

14142144147

15152153154

16161162

17171172173174175176

242412422421242624324312434243524362442452451249

100,167

83,432

792

42.48.5

12.6

175.7173.4

463.6232.7230.8

109.637.734.019.5

4,960

1,306.9654.0

57.6595.3

773.9279.8494.1

2,879.5646.5171.8530.3476.0176.6212.0

19,186

11,345

726.981.5

199.2164.031.6

256.099.068.424.840.941.870.949.577.4

97,903

81,286

891

44.68.8

13.7

181.6179.6

564.1252.8311.3

100.333.530.519.0

4,481

1,231.9604.5

57.9569.5

667.7194.6473.1

2,581.3615.3147.8504.6416.5158.1190.2

19,140

11,395

689.777.6

191.2157.230.7

236.790.664.123.538.840.367.648.576.3

101,975

84,816

738

42.18.0

13.5

168.5166.2

421.1215.2205.9

105.936.631.519.6

4,926

1,288.8646.1

54.1588.6

721.2251.3

2,915.5664.0170.8551.5488.2173.4218.1

19,173

11,289

735.581.2

203.6166.933.0

262.4100.271.925.242.340.469.947.978.0

100,200

83,319

724

42.38.4

13.6

164.6162.5

416.3214.3202.0

100.933.929.819.5

4,675

1,236.0620.8

54.4560.8

652.1215.3436.8

2,786.9652.6162.5535.7465.6171.0204.3

19,009

11,203

726.677.3

201.7165.232.9

260.8100.471.225.442.040.868.347.077.7

100,610

83,423

717

408.5

4,574

1,208.2

19,069

11,246

730.1

67,455

554

31.46.49.7

143.7141.9

295.5112.1183.3

83.330.3

3,890

969.9472.7

31.0466.3

644.2234.1410.1

2,275.7476.3143.1411.5407.2135.2171.5

13,023

7,495

610.169.1

174.9144.027.8

212.580.055.421.737.535.453.939.664.3

65,558

630

32.9

6.610.3

148.2146.7

375.4121.2254.2

73.626.3

3,450

905.6431.930.5

443.2

535.6152.8382.8

2,009.2450.3119.9387.9353.2118.7151.4

12,969

7,537

579.065.3

168.6139.026.9

196.172.652.120.735.733.951.338.663.8

521

31.36.0

10.7

138.4136.5

270.7106.4164.3

80.229.0

3,844

952.7464.1

28.1460.5

597.2204.9392.3

2,294.4489.4142.0429.6414.9131.8175.6

13,043

7,466

615.168.6

177.7145.429.0

217.380.758.222.238.634.052.838.564.7

67,149

505

31.76.3

10.8

134.2132.4

264.3105.0159.3

75.125.9

3,592

898.5438.6

27.7432.2

529.7170.1359.6

2,163.7477.4133.8411.7392.2128.8162.1

12,892

7,390

605.064.9

175.6143.528.9

215.080.657.222.138.334.351.337.663.9

67,184

501

3,483

12,958

7,438

608.1


44


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENT

NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

All employees

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Production workers1

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Durable goods—ContinuedFurniture and fixtures

Household furnitureWood household furnitureUpholstered household furnitureMetal household furnitureMattresses and bedsprings

Office furniturePublic building and related furniturePartitions and fixturesMiscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Stone, clay, and glass productsFlat glassGlass and glassware, pressed or blown

Glass containersPressed and blown glass, nee

Products of purchased glassCement, hydraulicStructural clay productsPottery and related productsConcrete, gypsum, and plaster products

Concrete block and brickConcrete products, neeReady-mixed concrete

Misc. nonmetallic mineral productsAbrasive productsAsbestos productsMineral wool

Primary metal industriesBlast furnaces and basic steel products

Blast furnaces and steel millsSteel pipe and tubes

Iron and steel foundriesGray iron foundriesMalleable iron foundriesSteel foundries, nee

Primary nonferrous metalsPrimary aluminum

Nonferrous rolling and drawingCopper rolling and drawingAluminum sheet, plate, and foilNonferrous wire drawing and insulating

Nonferrous foundriesAluminum foundries

Fabricated metal productsMetal cans and shipping containers

Metal cansCutlery, hand tools, and hardware

Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and bladesHardware, nee

Plumbing and heating, except electricPlumbing fittings and brass goodsHeating equipment, except electric

Fabricated structural metal productsFabricated structural metalMetal doors, sash, and trimFabricated plate work (boiler shops)Sheet metal workArchitectural metal work


252512511251225142515252253254259

3232132232213229323324325326327327132723273329329132923296

333313312331733233213322332533333343353351335333573363361

3434134113423423,534293433432343334434413442344334443446

497.0296.0132.293.129.828.366.826.569.738.0

594.714.992.248.044.153.422.737.735.0

214.619.970.8

103.2112.420.110.426.9

768.0283.2218.522.3

135.585.09.5

27.239.221.7

184.523.729.579.383.351.5

1,439.358.246.6

141.648.279.866.025.329.7

434.474.092.294.8

109.328.5

494.8294.9131.492.530.028.466.926.668.038.4

573.615.590.347.043.352.122.336.835.2

197.018.566.891.1

113.020.410.326.8

798.5300.0234.4

23.3139.587.810.028.042.323.9

187.623.530.880.885.052.7

1,446.656.945.6

142.348.580.866.025.629.2

432.375.688.797.5

108.027.9

505.4302.9135.395.731.928.067.727.569.537.8

586.414.691.947.644.354.022.437.834.7

209.119.968.5

100.0109.920.210.325.7

746.1266.9203.621.5

132.783.18.9

26.439.522.5

183.823.629.279.182.250.4

1,435.556.745.2

142.148.979.467.025.330.7

432.372.591.893.8

110.028.8

503.7303.5135.495.732.328.266.427.268.737.9

574.214.791.847.244.653.321.537.134.6

201.419.666.295.0

108.320.010.224.8

743.2264.4201.121.5

132.682.88.9

26.540.023.0

182.123.229.177.882.450.8

1,423.256.745.5

139.448.678.166.225.029.9

426.471.789.393.3

108.829.0

504.6

572.0

762.0281.0

1,421.2

397.9248.9115.377.124.321.652.020.250.726.0

458.311.678.643.235.437.717.829.227.5

166.813.354.283.279.713.37.8

578.6216.7169.216.1

106.669.36.7

20.026.814.8

130.318.421.155.766.942.0

1,063.049.940.8

103.935.159.847.118.420.4

305.452.368.659.480.821.0

395.6247.6114.676.224.621.651.920.249.626.3

438.112.276.942.134.836.417.328.328.1

150.812.250.572.079.113.57.7

607.0232.2184.4

16.9110.071.8

7.320.629.817.4

133.518.021.958.268.443.2

1,068.248.539.8

105.135.660.747.118.819.7

301.753.565.561.379.220.2

405.8256.0118.379.826.321.352.821.350.125.6

451.411.478.442.935.538.217.529.527.2

161.413.252.080.278.513.47.9

557.5199.9153.215.4

104.267.76.3

19.426.815.0

130.318.421.155.466.241.2

1,061.748.439.4

104.335.459.748.318.221.6

303.950.967.958.881.521.4

403.8256.5118.779.626.721.351.521.049.325.5

439.811.478.342.435.937.416.629.127.1

153.613.049.575.277.513.37.8

554.2197.1150.4

15.5103.667.0

6.319.527.515.6

129.118.021.154.366.541.7

1,050.6

404.2

439.6

573.1212.8

1,049.548.339.6

102.135.258.647.618.220.7

298.050.465.558.080.321.4

45



B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued

(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

All employees

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Production workers1

Avg.1986

73.536.536.9

189.224.986.570.090.860.830.049.628.0

153.653.638.6

1,242.060.617.143.562.342.6

138.048.611.729.016.117.7

217.832.611.1

111.537.515.095.123.212.016.5

166.527.634.113.620.114.210.6

165.8135.7119.587.7

216.428.9

187.6

1,248.983.539.843.7

137.676.336.8

106.920.717.427.9

Jan.1986

73.136.536.6

195.026.291.169.990.361.029.349.027.2

158.456.439.0

1,279.863.517.446.166.345.2

152.051.412.238.516.717.4

219.733.811.3

110.438.115.698.223.512.117.1

167.929.233.813.919.314.210.9

176.1144.9117.584.6

218.629.5

189.1

1,263.382.138.443.7

138.776.337.5

105.918.817.527.6

Dec.1986

74.136.937.2

187.423.985.770.193.162.131.051.629.7

150.651.938.2

1,206.259.116.542.656.335.6

124.742.710.823.515.817.7

215.831.210.9

112.136.814.893.923.312.516.1

166.026.234.613.220.714.210.3

156.7127.3120.388.7

213.427.8

185.6

1,253.683.540.443.1

136.775.936.1

109.820.617.329.6

Jan.1987P

73.836.837.0

186.124.384.469.792.962.230.752.130.1

149.751.637.8

1,206.959.016.043.057.935.9

123.441.910.524.015.417.4

215.431.211.0

111.936.814.694.023.212.516.3

166.226.334.612.921.114.110.6

157.1128.2121.289.9

212.728.5

184.2

1,248.183.840.343.5

137.076.236.0

109.322.317.827.0

Feb.1987P

Durable goods—ContinuedFabricated metal products—Continued

Screw machine products, bolts, etcScrew machine productsBolts, nuts, rivets, and washers

Metal forgings and stampingsIron and steel forgingsAutomotive stampingsMetal stampings, nee

Metal services, neePlating and polishingMetal coating and allied services

Ordnance and accessories, neeAmmunition, except for small arms, nee

Misc. fabricated metal productsValves and pipe fittingsMisc. fabricated wire products

Machinery, except electricalEngines and turbines

Turbines and turbine generator setsInternal combustion engines, nee

Farm and garden machineryFarm machinery and equipment

Construction and related machineryConstruction machineryMining machineryOil field machineryConveyors and conveying equipment ...Industrial trucks and tractors

Metalworking machineryMachine tools, metal cutting typesMachine tools, metal forming typesSpecial dies, tools, jigs, and fixturesMachine tool accessoriesPower driven hand tools

Special industry machineryFood products machineryTextile machineryPrinting trades machinery

General industrial machineryPumps and pumping equipmentBall and roller bearingsAir and gas compressorsBlowers and fansSpeed changers, drives, and gearsPower transmission equipment, nee

Office and computing machinesElectronic computing equipment

Refrigeration and service machineryRefrigeration and heating equipment ....

Misc. machinery, except electricalCarburetors, pistons, rings, and valves .Machinery, except electrical, nee

Electrical and electronic equipmentElectric distributing equipment

Transformers ,Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ,

Electrical industrial apparatusMotors and generatorsIndustrial controls

Household appliancesHousehold refrigerators and freezers ....Household laundry equipmentElectric housewares and fans

3453451345234634623465346934734713479348348334934943496

3535135113519352352335335313532353335353537354354135423544354535463553551355235553563561356235633564356635683573573358358535935923599

363613612361336236213622363363236333634

96.645.151.4

236.032.6

101.291.6

113.375.238.179.345.2

214.081.351.1

2,081.797.231.865.393.167.3

227.680.518.748.430.525.0

305.752.018.4

144.253.920.7

160.838.417.928.5

262.647.345.824.031.920.615.8

479.3417.2170.3121.9285.3

35.4249.9

2,169.2115.654.061.6

197.198.862.0

136.726.122,37.1

96.045.150.9

242.534.1

105.991.8

112.575.237.378.044.3

220.184.751.3

2,133.6100.632.767.996.469.7

246.984.519.661.731.025.0

307.953.918.6

142.454.821.4

164.938.418.029.3

265.749.246.524.431.520.516.1

494.0430.1168.6118.6288.636.3

252.3

2,181.8

97.145.351.8

233.431.2

100.191.5

116.076.639.481.247.1

209.778.550.7

2,031.995.130.664.588.361.1

211.673.917.740.530.424.9

302.549.818.1

145.352.820.3

157.938.118.627.8

260.845.645.623.432.420.815.6

464.6403.7170.1122.4281.0

34.1246.9

2,166.4

96.845.151.7

232.431.699.091.2

115.976.639.381.146.9

208.378.150.2

2,027.393.329.064.389.861.4

210.173.517.840.130.124.5

301.649.218.0

145.152.920.3

158.838.218.728.0

260.545.445.723.332.820.615.8

462.9402.4170.6123.0279.7

34.1245.6

2,042.2 1,222.6

114.452.561.9

197.498.462.5

135.024.421.636.9

115.054.460.6

196.799.161.4

139.825.622.638.5

2,157.0114.553.760.8

197.399.561.3

138.727.323.135.5

2,154.0 1,248.9


46





(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

36436413643364436453653651366366136623673671-33674367936936913694

3737137113713371437153723721372437283733731373237437637613793792

3838138238223823382538338438413842385386387

3939139113933943942,4394939539639613993993

Avg.1986

193.127.577.717.326.879.562.7

658.2121.2537.1638.142.3

267.2259.9150.828.763.9

1,984.2842.7383.337.8

378.427.4

672.8355.6149.8167.4184.5136.548.029.0

189.5145.653.521.1

717.283.2

250.442.254.9

108.332.1

182.987.380.639.9

117.411.1

366.953.436.214.697.044.152.931.739.521.9

130.854.7

All

Jan.1986

196.727.479.717.727.680.263.1

666.0129.4536.6637.642.3

267.6258.6154.529.765.5

1,994.9862.1396.935.9

388.325.7

665.6346.2154.5164.9186.1139.946.231.5

183.0141.153.820.5

722.583.9

252.342.955.5

109.333.0

179.285.279.039.6

122.911.6

358.553.936.714.190.139.051.131.737.921.5

130.854.3

employees

Dec.1986

191.327.675.516.927.380.262.2

653.7118.4535.3637.741.9

263.9263.5152.030.164.8

2,003.7842.9384.538.6

376.827.3

689.4367.4152.2169.8183.7134.649.127.1

195.2149.553.821.8

709.682.5

246.542.153.7

104.831.5

184.587.681.941.0

112.411.2

368.354.136.615.296.442.354.131.641.023.0

130.054.9

Jan.1987P

189.627.375.516.926.177.760.7

652.2117.1535.1636.041.7

264.3261.3151.029.464.6

1,979.4819.9364.038.4

374.526.8

688.8367.5152.3169.0182.3132.549.826.5

196.2150.053.921.6

707.581.9

246.342.153.2

104.631.4

183.687.081.441.6

111.511.2

360.551.834.915.294.640.853.831.538.922.6

128.554.5

Feb.1987"

1,992.3833.2

_

704.2_

363.5-

Production workers

Avg.1986

139.123.550.512.320.454.342.7

272.870.0

202.8350.625.499.9

174.1104.122.447.9

1,241.5646.6282.929.4

301.221.0

327.8153.676.697.6

138.7100.038.720.263.747.136.016.5

388.936.3

138.127.027.754.415.9

110.850.352.126.853.37.8

266.236.924.811.872.131.240.921.430.416.993.638.3

Jan.1986

142.523.751.912.621.255.243.6

280.575.3

205.2349.924.599.3

175.0108.523.749.8

1,260.0665.0296.027.6

310.519.3

324.4146.581.696.3

140.1102.837.321.963.047.336.516.2

390.535.9

139.027.528.255.716.4

107.647.751.526.357.28.1

255.736.224.511.364.825.339.521.128.916.493.438.1

Dec.1986

137.523.448.412.220.954.141.6

272.369.1

203.2354.125.9

100.8176.2105.623.549.3

1,258.4649.5285.430.2

300.921.0

341.7163.778.299.8

138.298.639.618.765.847.936.617.0

386.736.8

137.027.027.452.315.2

112.551.552.627.749.58.0

269.338.025.412.572.430.442.021.432.017.993.038.4

Jan.1987P

136.423.348.712.219.751.940.0

271.368.6

202.7353.425.8

101.8174.3105.022.849.4

1,235.2628.1265.930.0

299.320.4

342.0164.078.499.6

135.895.840.018.166.248.136.916.9

385.336.9

137.127.327.252.115.1

111.451.151.928.148.8

7.9

260.635.523.612.470.028.741.321.829.917.591.037.9

Feb.1987P

1,242.9637.5

-

384.4-

264.2-

Durable goods—ContinuedElectrical and electronic equipment—Continued

Electric lighting and wiring equipmentElectric lampsCurrent-carrying wiring devicesNoncurrent-carrying wiring devicesResidential lighting fixtures

Radio and TV receiving equipmentRadio and TV receiving sets

Communication equipmentTelephone and telegraph apparatusRadio and TV communication equipment

Electronic components and accessoriesElectronic tubesSemiconductors and related devicesElectronic components, nee

Misc. electrical equipment and suppliesStorage batteriesEngine electrical equipment

Transportation equipmentMotor vehicles and equipment

Motor vehicles and car bodiesTruck and bus bodiesMotor vehicle parts and accessoriesTruck trailers

Aircraft and partsAircraftAircraft engines and engine partsAircraft equipment, nee

Ship and boat building and repairingShip building and repairingBoat building and repairing

Railroad equipmentGuided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ....

Guided missiles and space vehiclesMiscellaneous transportation equipment

Travel trailers and campers

Instruments and related productsEngineering and scientific instrumentsMeasuring and controlling devices

Environmental controlsProcess control instrumentsInstruments to measure electricity

Optical instruments and lensesMedical instruments and supplies

Surgical and medical instrumentsSurgical appliances and supplies

Ophthalmic goodsPhotographic equipment and suppliesWatches, clocks, and watchcases

Miscellaneous manufacturingJewelry, silverware, and plated ware

Jewelry, precious metalMusical instrumentsToys and sporting goods

Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles..Sporting and athletic goods, nee

Pens, pencils, office, and art suppliesCostume jewelry and notions

Costume jewelryMiscellaneous manufactures

Signs and advertising displays


47




(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

All employees

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Production workers1

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred products

Meat productsMeat packing plantsSausages and other prepared meats .Poultry dressing plants

Dairy productsCheese, natural and processedFluid milk

Preserved fruits and vegetablesCanned specialtiesCanned fruits and vegetablesFrozen fruits and vegetables

Grain mill productsFlour and other grain mill products ....Prepared feeds, nee

Bakery productsBread, cake, and related productsCookies and crackers

Sugar and confectionery productsCane and beet sugarConfectionery products

Fats and oilsBeverages

Malt beveragesBottled and canned soft drinks

Misc. food and kindred products

Tobacco manufactures

Textile mill productsWeaving mills, cotton .....Weaving mills, syntheticsWeaving and finishing mills, wool.Narrow fabric millsKnitting mills

Women's hosiery, except socksHosiery, neeKnit outerwear millsKnit underwear millsCircular knit fabric mills

Textile finishing, except woolFinishing plants, cottonFinishing plants, synthetics

Floor covering millsYarn and thread mills

Yarn mills, except woolThrowing and winding mills

Miscellaneous textile goods

Apparel and other textile productsMen's and boys' suits and coatsMen's and boys' furnishings

Men's and boys' shirts and nightwearMen's and boys' separate trousersMen's and boys' work clothing

Women's and misses' outerwearWomen's and misses' blouses and waists.Women's and misses' dressesWomen's and misses' suits and coatsWomen's and misses' outerwear, nee

202012011201320162022022202620320322033203720420412048205205120522062061-3206520720820822086209

21211

22221222223224225225122522253225422572262261226222722822812282229

232312322321232723282332331233523372339

7,8411,641.1

382.4143.075.2

140.1164.339.587.8

242.224.886.953.1

123.522.344.1

214.9169.645.398.922.356.735.2

216.743.8

127.2163.1

61.443.3

708.8100.189.416.621.1

205.035.435.;69.023.923.15822.521.458.4

104.574.916.655.6

1,115.360.

316.985.855.998.6

353.852.;92,43.9

165.3

7,7451,574.0

7,8841,647.0

7,8061,603.0

7,8231,597.6

369.2142.373.4

130.0159.938.986.3

206.324.561.645.1

124.622.345.6

210.7166.943.899.524.055.435.5

211.843.0

124.4156.5

66.143.7

698.3101.689.716.620.9

197.035.;33.964.023.722.158.422.621.557.0

101.872.815.955.3

1,118.062.4

317.684.158.1

100.5359.

53.393.740.7

172.0

391.6144.376.1

146.4164.039.787.9

225.524.474.149.3

123.822.643.5

218.2170.647.6

110.425.964.135.1

215.443.5

125.5163.0

62.343.0

719.5101.190.616.621.5

206.735.335.371.423.42359.023.021.860.0

107.577.317.;56.5

1,119.160.

316.985.654.98.9

352.151.790.642,

167,

383.8141.374.3

143.1162.838.787.9

212.923.969.042.8

122.622.643.2

214.0168.645.4

103.125.257.633.6

212.342.0

124.5157.9

61.143.0

717.5101.991.616.621.4

204.535.;35.169.923.023.458.922.821.859.

107.777.517.155.7

1,105.60.

315.,85.54.398.6

347.052.187.40.1

167.1

59.4

719.8

1,116.0

5,5281,153.3

325.3119.855.3

128.197.830.343.1

199.217.671.646.584.615.227.7

129.693.236.577.417.546.525.692.727.741.3

121.1

46.032.0

613.390.179.613.918.2

178.531.431.460.619.820,148.819.117.:48.293.167.614.542.9

941.52.

21A A74.148.986.4

297.043.477.835.9

139.9

5,4321,091.1

312.8119.153.7

119.094.329.742.1

164.417.247.538.985.015.128.8

125.490.335.178.219.245.326.289.527.039.8

115.3

49.831.9

603.891.679.614.017.9

171.131.330.256.019.619.049.319.317.647.490.465.613.942.5

941.953.9

274.972.550.788.3

300.544.578.933.;

143.9

5,5771,159.0

332.7120.556.2

133.297.930.543.6

182.617.159.142.585.315.527.5

133.494.738.788.320.953.525.492.727.540.1

120.7

47.932.2

624.491.180.913.718.8

180.531.231.763.219.520.349.319.417.649.796.670.115.343.8

945.952.1

273.873.547.986.7

297.743.076.434.7

143.6

5,5021,118.7

325.1118.154.7

129.197.529.943.8

170.216.854.536.984.115.327.1

129.292.336.980.819.947.124.291.026.140.1

116.6

46.331.8

622.491.981.613.718.7

179.031.331.562.119.220.449.319.317.648.;96.470.;15.143.6

933.351.9

272.873.347.886.5

291.743.;72.32.4

143.4

5,5201,115.1

43.6

624.8

943.5


48





(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

U0d6

234234123422362361238239239123922396

26261,2,6262263264264126422643265265126532654

272712722732731273227427527512752276278279

282812819282282128242832834284284128442842,328528628652861,9287289

29291295

All employees

Avg.1986

76.361.115.263.426.342.4

183.426.551.337.9

689.9197.1172.455.1

239.259.427.653.1

198.542.8

104.224.3

1,478.8461.3112.4113.083.629.580.2

513.5167.2318.847.674.653.4

1,026.6137.190.1

166.774.661.8

206.0166.0147.241.664.840.863.4

154.930.1

124.857.394.0

163.7126.826.0

Jan.1986

76.961.215.763.426.641.0

178.725.849.637.1

682.8197.1173.055.3

234.158.927.652.3

196.342.4

103.923.6

1,459.4457.8113.2111.881.929.976.9

504.2162.9314.047.872.252.2

1,027.4139.691.4

168.474.563.3

204.4165.1142.641.460.940.362.9

157.430.4

127.057.994.2

164.5130.622.7

Dec.1986

74.159.414.764.527.342.5

189.927.753.439.1

696.8198.2173.355.2

242.160.027.954.6

201.343.3

105.524.3

1,502.2465.8113.7114.584.430.184.5

521.7170.5323.047.676.554.9

1,017.8134.889.0

164.974.760.3

206.6166.7147.942.164.541.362.0

152.429.2

123.255.893.4

156.8121.324.8

Jan.1987P

73.959.414.563.326.840.8

187.227.350.939.5

690.3196.3172.154.8

240.259.828.254.6

199.042.7

104.024.9

1,497.3460.5113.9115.485.230.285.3

522.7169.2325.0

47.474.455.0

1,014.4133.788.3

164.774.659.9

207.0167.1147.341.365.140.961.5

151.729.0

122.755.792.8

156.0121.423.8

Feb.1987P

690.2-

1,502.5

1,016.9_

155.7-

Production workers1

Avg.1986

63.552.311.253.523.135.3

151.021.543.631.8

523.5150.7131.041.9

176.637.221.441.7

154.333.978.920.6

823.9171.834.159.736.423.343.1

373.4122.3229.5

33.360.240.0

572.070.348.8

112.144.844.596.176.792.926.544.521.930.782.019.962.135.152.8

102.776.719.8

Jan.1986

64.452.711.753.423.533.9

146.320.642.030.9

517.2151.0131.642.5

171.436.821.141.2

152.333.578.819.7

809.0170.531.959.635.624.041.5

366.5118.9226.433.457.939.0

568.070.848.4

113.044.745.295.876.687.826.639.521.729.881.220.360.935.654.0

100.977.616.7

Dec.1986

61.350.610.754.523.935.2

156.722.445.433.0

530.6151.3131.541.8

180.438.622.043.3

157.134.380.220.8

843.5175.037.161.037.223.845.7

379.4124.7232.4

33.662.241.3

567.569.248.7

110.644.543.595.876.692.626.644.022.029.983.019.563.534.252.2

99.775.018.7

Jan.1987P

61.450.810.653.623.733.8

153.622.042.933.3

523.5149.5130.241.7

177.937.722.243.2

154.433.679.020.9

836.8171.237.261.737.923.845.9

378.5122.9233.0

33.559.541.4

566.768.848.8

110.744.643.396.977.692.125.944.521.729.982.419.363.134.151.8

99.175.417.7

Feb.1987P

524.1-

837.9-

570.5-

100.0-

Nondurable goods—ContinuedApparel and other textile products—Continued

Women's and children's undergarmentsWomen's and children's underwearBrassieres and allied garments

Children's outerwearChildren's dresses and blouses

Misc. apparel and accessoriesMisc. fabricated textile products

Curtains and draperiesHouse furnishings, neeAutomotive and apparel trimmings

Paper and allied productsPaper and pulp millsPaper mills, except building paperPaperboard millsMisc. converted paper products

Paper coating and glazingEnvelopesBags, except textile bags

Paperboard containers and boxesFolding paperboard boxesCorrugated and solid fiber boxesSanitary food containers

Printing and publishingNewspapersPeriodicalsBooks

Book publishingBook printing

Miscellaneous publishingCommercial printing

Commercial printing, letterpressCommercial printing, lithographic

Manifold business formsBlankbooks and bookbindingPrinting trade services

Chemicals and allied productsIndustrial inorganic chemicals

Industrial inorganic chemicals, neePlastics materials and synthetics

Plastics materials and resinsOrganic fibers, noncellulosic

DrugsPharmaceutical preparations

Soap, cleaners, and toilet goodsSoap and other detergentsToilet preparations ,Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations

Paints and allied productsIndustrial organic chemicals

Cyclic crudes and intermediatesGum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ...

Agricultural chemicalsMiscellaneous chemical products

Petroleum and coal productsPetroleum refiningPaving and roofing materials


49



B-2. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued

(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

All employees

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Production workers1

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedRubber and misc. plastics products

Tires and inner tubesRubber and plastics footwearReclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose

and beltingFabricated rubber products, neeMiscellaneous plastics products

Leather and leather productsLeather tanning and finishingFootwear, except rubber

Men's footwear, except athleticWomen's footwear, except athletic ....

LuggageHandbags and personal leather goods.

Transportation and public utilities .

Transportation

Railroad transportation.Class I railroads2

Local and interurban passenger transit.Local and suburban transportationTaxicabsIntercity highway transportationSchool buses

Trucking and warehousingTrucking and trucking terminals .Public warehousing

Water transportationLocal water transportationWater transportation services

Transportation by airAir transportationAir transportation services .

Pipe lines, except natural gas .

Transportation services.Freight forwarding

Communication and public utilitiesCommunication

Telephone communicationRadio and television broadcasting

Radio broadcastingTelevision broadcasting

Electric, gas, and sanitary services.Electric servicesGas production and distribution ....Combination utility servicesSanitary services

Wholesale trade

Durable goodsMotor vehicles and automotive equipment.

Automobiles and other motor vehiclesAutomotive parts and supplies

30301302

303,4306307

3131131431433144316317

404011

41411412413415

42421,3422

44445446

45451,2458

46

47471

4848148348324833

49491492493495

5050150125013

801.088.011.9

21.6108.3571.2

154.514.092.539.733.410.919.8

5,286

3,068

325.3294.3

282.895.836.936.289.5

1,409.51,311.4

98.1

182.627.598.2

560.1493.2

66.9

18.3

289.368.6

2,2181,291.1

874.1243.4f15.9127.5

926.4456.7165.1206.5

70.8

5,853

3,482428.1107.3288.8

794.790.312.3

21.5108.1562.5

159.414.096.641.535.011.120.1

5,217

3,000

329.8298.4

286.393.437.735.797.5

1,364.91,269.9

95.0

180.025.996.8

538.7473.665.1

18.8

281.964.0

2,2171,299.6

886.6241.8115.7126.1

917.4450.0169.4204.667.3

5,791

3,453427.3107.3289.0

810.587.311.7

21.7108.8581.0

152.413.789.738.633.310.919.6

5,390

3,156

308.8278.3

297.497.437.034.6

103.2

1,469.51,365.7

103.8

182.826.5

101.4

585.0516.668.4

17.8

294.873.4

2,2341,304.0

883.8243.9116.0127.9

930.1460.5163.7205.872.5

5,866

3,491428.4107.9288.1

811.486.611.3

21.5109.2582.8

149.313.688.137.633.310.518.9

5,308

3,084

299.7269.5

295.095.837.134.2

104.0

1,417.61,316.3

101.3

175.124.999.3

582.5514.568.0

17.8

296.573.7

2,2241,295.7

878.5241.5116.4125.1

928.0459.!162.8204.8

73.4

5,829

3,478430.0108.6290.0

814.2

150.5

5,310

3,088

624.363.310.1

14.883.0

453.2

127.611.678.332.029.3

7.815.8

4,371

261.588.2

32.9

1,226.81,144.1

82.7

617.863.410.5

14.783.0

446.2

132.011.781.933.430.9

8.216.0

4,322

265.286.1

32.0

1,184.31,104.7

79.6

632.463.3

9.8

15.483.6

460.3

126.211.476.231.329.4

7.815.9

4,468

275.789.4

31.6

1,287.51,199.8

87.7

631.862.7

9.4

15.483.8

460.5

123.611.274.930.529.4

7.415.3

4,385

635.3

124.9

4,389

272.888.0

30.7

1,233.11,147.9

85.2

2,222

5,828

3,473

13.4

978.8642.7200.;

736.1352.i130.1170.;61.5

4,697

2,77;343.4

13.6

994.1662.1198.1

729.6348.6132.8168.758.1

4,647

2,753342.8

13.0

986.2646.9200.7

735.7353.0129.7167.463.5

4,703

2,777344.6

13.0

975.8639.6198.5

732.1352.0128.6166.462.9

4,661

2,758344.5

4,655


50




B-2. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued

(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

5025021502350350315039504505506506350645065507507250745085081508250835084508550865095093

5151151251351451415147514851651751715172518518151825195191

52521525

53531533539

54541542545546

55551,2553554

Avg.1986

135.157.777.4

228.7104.5124.183.5

138.4495.2268.374.5

152.4265.4

89.3106.8

1,507.8550.782.1

126.9316.7133.9178.7199.890.8

2,371189.2172.2196.9761.7246.766.298.3

130.7202.4

83.6118.7151.494.457.0

434.6149.6

17,978

691.6369.9157.0

2,349.71,982.7

230.8136.1

2,932.12,554.3

63.847.2

164.4

1,954.2941.3309.3612.6

All

Jan.1986

133.957.876.1

221.1101.5119.682.0

139.3499.9272.874.4

152.7261.5

87.1105.7

1,492.0541.081.1

124.5321.6133.5176.0196.389.4

2,338189.3170.6192.6741.9243.966.187.0

132.3204.084.4

119.6148.291.656.6

426.8145.9

17,486

659.5354.0154.1

2,386.62,018.4

229.0139.2

2,874.42,507.6

62.246.4

161.0

1,912.1926.1302.0603.3

employees

Dec.1986

138.258.779.5

229.8104.5125.384.1

136.0497.3270.7

75.3151.3269.1

90.9108.0

1,504.6554.882.3

124.6308.5133.4180.6203.691.3

2,375187.3176.0197.9769.7250.566.596.7

128.9198.680.9

117.7153.294.658.6

429.8141.2

18,807

691.7370.3159.5

2,641.02,225.7

258.1157.2

3,041.72,620.0

66.654.5

174.5

1,970.6951.2312.9619.6

Jan.1987P

137.858.779.1

228.9105.4123.581.7

135.8495.8268.7

76.1151.0269.5

91.9107.8

1,496.9552.181.6

123.4306.6133.4179.3201.490.5

2,351190.1172.7196.7758.8250.466.293.8

130.0198.181.0

117.1150.894.256.6

425.1140.6

18,066

673.6366.4154.5

2,419.82,048.4

233.2138.2

2,984.42,600.0

64.548.7

169.5

1,972.6951.7310.3623.4

Feb.1987P

2,355_

17,954

2,332.0_

2,986.4_

1,965.9_

Production workers1

Avg.1986

108.8--

188.2--68.5

109.5378.4

_

_212.9

__

1,202.6_

_160.4

-

1,925153.6143.2147.5645.8

-

-94.4

156.4__

125.0__

351.4-

16,001

580.0313.9132.2

2,207.91,881.6

208.5117.8

2,707.62,371.9

-_

148.6

1,636.4781.4249.5532.4

Jan.1986

107.9--

181.1--67.5

110.4385.7

_

-208.5

_

1,191.7_

_157.5

-

1,894154.1142.1143.4626.7

_95.7

157.4_-

122.7--

343.2-

15,557

552.3299.8130.3

2,245.91,917.7

207.4120.8

2,658.82,334.0

--

144.8

1,605.3769.8242.0530.1

Dec.1986

111.5--

189.4--68.9

107.0377.7

_

-216.8

_-

1,197.7_

_163.8

-

1,926151.9145.5148.7650.7

-

-92.8

153.5

-125.8

--

347.9-

16,792

576.7313.0133.9

2,489.62,116.8

234.6138.2

2,810.62,430.0

-

158.9

1,652.4788.8254.0540.5

Jan.1987P

110.8--

187.5--66.7

106.3376.6

-

-216.6

-1,187.9

_

161.3-

1,903153.8142.7148.5640.3

-

-93.4

154.2--

123.8_-

341.7-

16,040

555.8307.2128.3

2,272.91,943.6

209.8119.5

2,750.42,408.5

--

154.5

1,651.3787.5250.3544.0

Feb.1987"

15,912

Wholesale trade—ContinuedDurable goods—Continued

Furniture and home furnishingsFurnitureHome furnishings

Lumber and construction materialsLumber, plywood, and millworkConstruction materials, nee

Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goodsMetals and minerals, except petroleumElectrical goods

Electrical apparatus and equipmentElectrical appliances, TV and radiosElectronic parts and equipment

Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipmentHardwarePlumbing and hydronic heating supplies ....

Machinery, equipment, and suppliesCommercial machines and equipmentConstruction and mining machineryFarm machinery and equipmentIndustrial machinery and equipmentIndustrial suppliesProfessional equipment and supplies

Miscellaneous durable goodsScrap and waste materials

Nondurable goodsPaper and paper productsDrugs, proprietaries, and sundriesApparel, piece goods, and notionsGroceries and related products

Groceries, general lineMeats and meat productsFresh fruits and vegetables

Chemicals and allied productsPetroleum and petroleum products

Petroleum bulk stations and terminalsPetroleum products, nee

Beer, wine, and distilled beveragesBeer and aleWines and distilled beverages

Miscellaneous nondurable goodsFarm supplies

Retail trade

Building materials and garden suppliesLumber and other building materialsHardware stores

General merchandise storesDepartment storesVariety storesMisc. general merchandise stores

Food storesGrocery storesMeat markets and freezer provisionersDairy products storesRetail bakeries

Automotive dealers and service stationsNew and used car dealersAuto and home supply storesGasoline service stations


51




(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

All employees

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Production workers1

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Retail trade—ContinuedApparel and accessory stores

Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings .Women's ready-to-wear storesFamily clothing storesShoe stores

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....Furniture and home furnishings stores .

Furniture storesHousehold appliance storesRadio, television, and music stores

Radio and television storesMusic stores

Eating and drinking places .

Miscellaneous retailDrug stores and proprietary storesLiquor storesMiscellaneous shopping goods stores

Sporting goods and bicycle shopsBook storesStationery storesJewelry storesGift, novelty, and souvenir shopsSewing, needlework, and piece goods .

Nonstore retailersMail order housesMerchandising machine operators

Fuel and ice dealersRetail stores, nee

Finance, insurance, and real estate3

Finance

BankingCommercial and stock savings banks

State banks, Federal ReserveState banks, not Federal Reserve ....

Mutual savings banks

Credit agencies other than banksSavings and loan associations

Federal savings and loan associations .State associations, insured

Personal credit institutionsBusiness credit institutionsMortgage bankers and brokers

Security, commodity brokers, and services.Security brokers and dealers

Holding and other investment offices .

Insurance

Insurance carriersLife insuranceMedical service and health insurance.Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ..Title insurance

Insurance agents, brokers, and service.

56561562565566

57571571257257357325733

58

5959159259459415942594359445947594959659615962598599

6060260226023,4603

6161261226123614615616

62621

67

63631632633636

64

1,084.0110.9397.6227.8211.8

787.4439.7273.4

86.9260.8188.572.3

5,921.3

2,258.1563.5129.5758.8129.611177.1

151.1136.567.8

259.1124.581.8

112.3355.2

6,305

3,159

1,076.6114.6393.8224.5213.1

775.1427.1267.1

88.1259.9189.270.7

5,550.8

1,209.3126.0434.1268.6226.9

835.7463.7285.4

89.0283.0202.3

80.7

5,980.3

1,118.9114.9405.8235.5215.6

815.7452.9283.2

89.4273.4198.275.2

5,781.0

1,758.21,582.5

347.6385.084.0

840.9375.5211.5153.0230.8

54.3155.9

386.6308.4

172.7

1,934

1,331.6558.0180.8495.1

57.5

603.3

2,251.2557.0127.7765.8131.581.077.5

155.5135.069.1

260.9126.082.3

114.2348.0

6,072

3,059

1,736.2

2,436.6588.0134.4870.4142.783.079.3

169.4152.170.0

271.7136.282.1

119.5371.3

6,456

3,233

1,765.7

2,300.0576.7131.2782.0134.379.878.1

156.6132.668.3

253.6122.182.0

121.6353.6

6,445

3,234

1,567.4340.7380.8

82.2

793.8360.4202.8147.0224.0

52.4133.0

363.7291.0

165.3

1,873

1,300.2553.7175.9479.7

53.1

572.9

1,583.0352.7385.0

86.4

878.3389.2219.4158.2235.8

55.2173.3

409.0326.4

179.9

1,988

1,357.9560.7185.5508.9

60.

630.1

1,756.81,577.8

352.1384.7

87.7

884.3389.7219.1158.7236.9

55.3177.6

409.9326.6

182.9

1,998

1,362.1562.0185.1510.760.3

635.9

5,808.5

915.092.2

338.7197.4170.5

654.6361.6

74.2218.8

5,384.2

1,915.1481.1

637.7

906.596.1

332.7194.5171.8

643.7349.6

74.9219.2

5,025.6

1,919.3478.8

646.2

1,034.9106.2373.9236.7185.1

383.5

76.1239.8

5,446.0

2,082.8503.1

746.9

6,455

3,238

234.2

94.1293.4

4,658

1,279.21,146.6

639.9287.3

181.3

235.2

96.5289.1

4,484

1,266.81,138.0

603.9275.5

175.5

246.9

100.4306.2

4,757

1,279.41,142.2

668.2298.2

185.5

2,004

902.8339.5146.8341.7

883.8337.2143.1333.7

915.2339.9150.2346.9

947.295.4

347.1204.0174.0

678.1372.7

76.1229.3

5,239.8

1,944.7491.7

657.5

228.6

101.9289.4

4,734

1,269.51,135.8

669.7298.0

186.5

4,739

915.6339.0151.4346.1


52





(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

All employees

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Production workers1

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Finance, insurance, and real estate—ContinuedReal estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc

Real estateReal estate operators and lessorsReal estate agents and managersSubdividers and developers

Combined real estate, insurance, etc

Services

Hotels and other lodging placesHotels, motels, and tourist courts

Personal servicesLaundry, cleaning, and garment servicesPhotographic studios, portraitBeauty shopsFuneral service and crematories

Business servicesAdvertising ,

Advertising agenciesCredit reporting and collectionMailing, reproduction, and stenographicServices to buildingsPersonnel supply services

Employment agenciesTemporary help supply services

Computer and data processing servicesComputer programming and softwareData processing services

Miscellaneous business servicesResearch development laboratories, neeManagement and public relationsDetective and protective servicesEquipment rental and leasingPhotofinishing laboratories

Auto repair, services, and garagesAutomotive rentals, without driversAutomotive repair shops

Miscellaneous repair servicesElectrical repair shops

Motion picturesMotion picture production and servicesMotion picture theaters

Amusement and recreation services

Health servicesOffices of physiciansOffices of dentistsNursing and personal care facilities

Skilled nursing care facilitiesNursing and personal care, nee

HospitalsGeneral medical and surgical hospitalsPsychiatric hospitalsSpecialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric

Medical and dental laboratoriesOutpatient care facilities


65651653655

70701

72721722723726

7373173117327337347367361736273773727374

73973917392739373947395

75751753

76762

78781783

79

8080180280580518059806806280638069807808

1,211

1,197.0516.8499.6151.3

14.0

23,072

1,371.71,325.8

1,118.5397.9

55.8350.3

76.4

1,140

1,125.7

1,235

1,221.3

1,213

4,809.3192.9144.097.9

203.2705.0

1,013.9180.9786.9584.2213.7272.1

2,003.3192.3557.2449.1187.780.3

763.2164.1460.5

329.7104.6

220.1106.7102.2

913.0

6,585.51,014.5

459.01,284.5

844.4440.1

3,042.92,857.0

59.2126.7129.1244.2

497.2468.5133.6

14.0

22,208

1,265.61,234.2

1,109.6389.8

52.2344.4

74.3

4,597.3

524.7517.1147.1

13.6

23,460

1,333.41,299.1

1,133.0407.1

63.6356.077.9

192.7144.291.3

197.6677.7917.1165.9706.3574.6208.5270.1

1,937.7186.2535.4439.3182.077.9

742.6153.5449.9

327.0103.0

212.1103.198.0

730.3

6,431.3985.3449.0

1,247.6821.5426.1

3,004.22,821.2

58.2124.8122.6231.1

4,986.1192.7144.3102.1211.9710.3

1,094.7198.1851.1599.1220.0278.9

2,066.0197.7576.4460.4190.583.6

776.7170.4463.5

328.7107.1

226.8118.197.3

866.8

6,712.31,040.6

469.31,312.3

862.8449.5

3,077.02,888.4

59.9128.7135.3250.9

1,199.6507.5515.6143.5

13.4

23,263

1,310.91,279.8

1,154.0404.9

56.6354.7

77.6

4,919.6192.3143.7102.4210.1702.8

1,052.8195.6812.5601.8221.8278.3

2,048.2197.0571.5452.8190.079.7

778.1170.6464.8

327.3106.7

225.2118.095.7

837.1

6,739.91,052.6

469.11,312.9

864.4448.5

3,084.82,895.9

60.0128.9136.1257.5

1,213

23,516

4,943.6

20,262

1,186.3

354.4

317.1

4,141.2142.1

634.6

469.4

19,499

1,105.3

348.0

310.5

3,958.2142.1

601.9

468.6

20,570

1,151.0

362.4

322.7

4,291.2141.9

643.9

474.3

20,340

1,132.1

359.3

320.2

4,211.8141.6

636.3

473.7

20,547

6,764.3

638.7

383.1

274.0

186.488.1

810.3

5,852.9838.8405.4

1,160.5

2,773.1

622.4

374.1

271.9

179.485.4

637.4

5,717.1814.6399.0

1,127.5

2,736.9

649.4

386.3

273.1

191.897.0

756.9

5,968.6860.1415.2

1,185.8

2,803.9

649.4

385.9

271.2

189.195.7

724.2

5,988.9866.5413.8

1,188.6

2,812.4

53




(In thousands)

Industry1972SIC

Code

All employees

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Production workers1

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Services—ContinuedLegal services

Educational servicesElementary and secondary schoolsColleges and universitiesCorrespondence and vocational schools .

Social servicesIndividual and family servicesJob training and related servicesResidential care

Museums, botanical and zoological gardens.

Membership organizationsBusiness associationsLabor organizationsCivic and social associations

Miscellaneous servicesEngineering and architectural services ..Noncommercial research organizations.Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping .

81

82821822824

83832833836

84

86861863864

89891892893

Government

Federal Government4.

Executive, by agency4

Department of DefensePostal Service5

Other executive agencies .LegislativeJudicial

Federal government, by industry:Manufacturing activities

Shipbuilding and repairingTransportation and public utilities, except Postal

Service .,Services

Hospitals

State governmentHospitalsEducationGeneral administration, including executive,

legislative, and judicial functions

Local governmentTransportation and public utilitiesHospitalsEducationGeneral administration, including executive,

legislative, and judicial functions

3731

806

80682

80682

734.2

1,375.5383.6851.067.5

1,421.9283.7216.5309.7

44.5

1,510.490.1142.4337.6

1,298.4711.3121.1439.1

16,735

2,899

2,843.5982.6789.4

1,071.537.218.5

125.075.4

39.2409.2248.6

3,937458.5

1,579.4

1,294.6

9,899514.4621.6

5,482.3

2,970.4

708.6

1,373.2396.1840.2

67.5

1,390.9269.2209.9301.9

40.5

1,498.688.5

142.2324.5

1,275.2692.0117.1439.5

16,617

2,892

2,835.8991.7773.9

1,070.238.418.2

129.178.1

38.9409.7250.1

3,880455.6

1,563.8

1,267.4

9,845509.0615.0

5,559.0

2,865.6

753.7

1,459.7395.4921.3

69.0

1,469.9298.0218.3318.0

45.2

1,506.688.6

146.5331.4

1,305.7715.7122.9440.0

17,159

2,895

2,839.9968.6818.0

1,053.336.418.8

124.174.0

38.7404.9246.1

4,055461.1

1,704.3

1,285.1

10,209512.5627.2

5,848.;

2,927.4

759.9

1,374.3393.5840.7

68.0

1,464.3295.6218.2317.8

44.6

1,486.288.1

140.5317.4

1,317.4713.5120.7455.9

16,881

2,882

123.473.6

38.7402.6246.1

3,943460.8

1,585.9

1,294.5

10,056511.0628.2

5,720.6

2,905.3

620.2 600.1 635.1 637.0

1,061.3600.4

1,045.6

344.2

585.9

347.0

1,062.9602.1

342.2

1,071.2598.6

355.9

17,187

2,897

4,068

10,222

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers intransportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,insurance, and real estate; and services.

2 Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of$50,000,000 or more.

3 Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from thenonsupervisory count for all series in this division.

4 Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency andthe National Security Agency.

6 Includes rural mail carriers.- Data not available.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

March 1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all unadjusted data from April 1985 forward are subject torevision.

54


ESTABLISHMENT DATAWOMEN EMPLOYEES


B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major Industry and manufacturing group

(In thousands)

Industry Avg.1986

Dec.1985

Oct.1986

Nov.1986

Dec.1986

Total

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing

Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical and electronic equipmentTransportation equipmentInstruments and related products ...Miscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile products ..Paper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing

Transportation and public utilities....

Wholesale trade

Retail trade

Finance, insurance, and real estate .

Services

GovernmentFederalStateLocal

45,748 45,390

37,309

6,890

109

512

6,269

3,012114155114101324455901373309168

3,257514213448971696302882527991

38,857

1,490

1,706

9,428

3,907

13,887

8,4391,0301,8625,547f

36,890

6,858

119

483

6,256

3,014108154113103323462906366311169

3,242503243389031666202862727898

38,532

1,481

1,673

9,650

3,746

13,482

8,5001,0231,8665,611

46,622

37,924

6,961

102

528

6,331

3,025118156115101326446905378307174

3,306541233489011716372882428390

39,661

1,520

1,731

9,588

3,974

14,150

8,6981,0231,9195,756

46,999

38,179

6,949

101

527

6,321

3,028117158115101327447903381307173

3,293529223508961716412882428291

40,050

1,525

1,732

9,793

3,995

14,185

8,8201,0241,9385,858

47,247

38,459

6,928

101

524

6,303

3,022117158114100326447902382307170

3,281518213508971716432872428289

40,319

1,530

1,732

10,039

4,024

14,206

8,7881,0281,9285,832

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected fromMarch 1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are

introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1985 forward are subject torevision.

55


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENTSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major Industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Industry1986


1987

Jan.P Feb.P

Total.

Total private .

Goods-producing.

MiningOil and gas extraction .

ConstructionGeneral building contractors .

Manufacturing .

Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industries

Blast furnaces and basic steel productsFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical and electronic equipmentTransportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentInstruments and related productsMiscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile products ...Paper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics products .Leather and leather products

Service-producing .

Transportation and public utilities .TransportationCommunication and public utilities ..

Wholesale tradeDurable goods

Retail tradeGeneral merchandise storesFood storesAutomotive dealers and service stations .Eating and drinking places

Finance, insurance, and real estate.FinanceInsuranceReal estate

ServicesBusiness services .Health services

Federal...StateLocal

99,429

82,748

25,038

541

4,8641,320

19,294

11,455716494597795299

1,4522,1272,1811,998

864725370

7,8391,631

63705

1,122687

1,4671,032

167803162

74,391

5,2773,0482,229

5,8433,4822,361

17.7952,3332,8911,9385,854

6,1573,0821,8891,186

22,6384,6876,471

16,6812,9183,9249,839

99,484

82,785

24,945

852518

4,8381,298

19,255

11,418715493594787293

1,4502,1182,1771,989

858726369

7,8371,632

63707

1,117688

1,4691,031

166804160

74,539

5.2803,0532,227

5,8413,4802,361

17,8282,3332,9011,9395,868

6,1843,0951,9001,189

22,7074,6986,497

16,6992,9233,9279,849

99,783

83,072

25,038

821488

4,9721,315

19,245

11,415719494600785291

1,4512,1112,1771,986

854723369

7,8301,633

63703

1,119689

1,4721,028

166800157

74,745

5,2663,0402,226

5,8643,4852,379

17,8512,3422,9101,9405,859

6,2283,1201,9101,198

22,8254,7506,511

16,7112,9143,9389,859

99,918

83,198

24,965

790461

4,9741,314

19,201

11,378719496599780288

1,4472,1002,1751,972

839721369

7,8231,640

62705

1,113689

1,4741,024

166796154

74,953

5,2653,0372,228

5,8723,4882,384

17,9112,3442,9171,9445,889

6,2613T1371,9181,206

22,9244,7556,543

16,7202,8993,9369,885

99,843

83.161

24,854

772446

4,9471,299

19,135

11,307721496597761286

1,4402,0892,1431,974

839717

7,8281,648

62707

1,106690

1,4771,026

164797151

74,989

5,1673,0352,132

5,8293,4542,375

17,9442,3502,9321,9455,918

6,2953,1591.9271,209

23,0724,7926,571

16,6822,8753,9279,880

100,105

83,508

24,869

768442

4,9801,299

19,121

11,294724498593758285

1,4282,0792,1691,969

824713363

7,8271,645

62710

1,108687

1,4831,025

163792152

75,236

5,2883,0572,231

5,8493,4832,366

17,9922,3542,9381,9505,931

6,3343,1761,9451,213

23,1764,8356,601

16,5972,8663,9219,810

00,283

83,655

24,888

753431

5,0121,306

19,123

11,302729499592751272

1,4292,0722,1681,985

839713364

7,8211,642

59711

1,108685

1,4811,026

163794152

75,395

5,2553,0632,192

5,8633,4852,378

18,0302,3592,9511,9625,923

6,3643,1921,9521,220

23,2554,8486,634

16,6282,8753,9199,834

00,560

83,786

24,858

743422

5,0101,301

19,105

11,271734500594749270

1,4332,0442,1621,979

834713363

7,8341,644

60709

1,110691

1,4851,025

162797151

75,702

5,3163,0882,228

5,8593,4852,374

18,0652,3622,9521,9705,948

6,3883,2021,9621,224

23,3004,8836,649

16,7742,9013.9329,941

100,826

83,956

24,865

746423

5,0011,302

19,118

11,266737500590749272

1,4292,0392,1671,979

824713363

7,8521,644

59711

1,113694

1,4911,023

161805151

75,961

5,3163,0942,222

5,8643,4892,375

18,1432,3792,9631,9735,982

6,4093,2121,9711,226

23,3594,9086,677

16,8702,8963,959

10,015

101,068

84,178

24,891

742420

4,9931,307

19,156

11,282743500591751271

1,4272,0362,1661,993

837710365

7,8741.654

61717

1,112694

1,4931,023

160809151

76,177

5,3513,1172,234

5,8593,4892,370

18,1972.3672,9681,9776,006

6,4293,2201,9791,230

23,4514,9266,695

16,8902,8993,965

10,026

101,322

84,394

24,920

738414

4,9961,298

19,186

11,289749500594752270

1,4312,0302,1641,990

832709370

7,8971,657

60719

1,124697

1,4931,020

159815153

76,402

5,3593,1252,234

5,8593,4912,368

18,2062,3412,9791,9846,035

6,4723.2361,9901,246

23,5784,9666,726

16,9282,9073,98310,038

101,641

84,738

25,009

729410

5,1091,333

19,171

11,273755503596742264

1,4302,0312,1571,979823710370

1,65359721

1,120694

1,4991,022159819152

76,632

5,3783,1412,237

5,8673,4952,372

18,3232,3612,9901,9916,072

6,4963,2402,0021,254

23,6654,9896,753

16,9032,9083,979

10,016

101,978

85,062

25,059

727408

5,1111,331

19,221

11,316757503598762282

1,4302,0422,1581,990

836706370

7,9051,654

60725

1,115695

1,5041,021

159819153

76,919

5,3833,1482,235

5,8783.4942.384

18,4522,4173,0101,9966,089

6,5123,2482,0061,258

23,7785,0346,785

16,9162,9173.977

10,022

P = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1985

benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonallyadjusted data from January 1982 forward are subject to revision.

56


ESTABLISHMENT DATAWOMEN EMPLOYEES

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-5. Women employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls by major Industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Industry1985

Dec.

1986

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec

Total

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing

Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical and electronic equipmentTransportation equipmentInstruments and related products...Miscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile products .Paper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing

Transportation and public utilities ...

Wholesale trade

Retail trade

Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services

GovernmentFederalStateLocal

44,753

36,446

119

486

6,261

3,011110152113103322461905366310169

3,250508223379081676172872727998

37,887

1,472

1,660

9,193

3,748

13,507

8,3071,0311,8245,452

44,955

36,639

6,893

120

494

6,279

3,020110152115103322464905368311170

3,259507223409121676192872628297

38,062

1,475

1,676

9,268

3,771

13,556

8,3161,0341,8325,450

45,127

36,767

6,889

120

493

6,276

3,017111153114103322460903370311170

3,259513223429021686222872628196

38,238

1,478

1,689

9,313

3,796

13,602

8,3601,0381,8435,479

45,237

36,867

6,887

118

499

6,270

3,014112154113102322460901369312169

3,256513223438991686232872628194

38,350

1,482

1,691

9,347

3,816

13,644

8,3701,0361,8475,487

45,397

37,014

6,893

114

505

6,274

3,019111154114102324461902370311170

3,255512223419021686262862627993

38,504

1,483

1,707

9,362

3,848

13,721

8,3831,0341,8565,493

45,556

37,142

6,885

112

510

6,263

3,016112155114101323458903370310170

3,247513213438951686252872627891

38,671

1,486

1,718

9,383

3,878

13,792

8,4141,0301,8635,521

45,602

37,182

6,866

108

512

6,246

2,99611315511599324456887369309169

3,250517213438921686292882527889

38,736

1,441

1,706

9,392

3,904

13,873

8,4201,0201,85,532

45,758

37,386

6,874

106

517

6,251

3,00311415511599322454901370308165

3,248512213468941696322872527488

38,884

1,501

1,715

9,422

3,932

13,942

8,3721,0171,8685,487

45,906

37,508

6,872

105

518

6,249

3,008115155114101322451903373308166

3,24151019

3458891686322882527590

39,034

1,482

1,715

9,479

3,957

14,003

8,3981,0211,8675,510

46,074

37,568

6,877

102

520

6,255

3,008115155114101325448901374308167

3,247511203448901696342882527789

39,197

1,506

1,713

9,488

3,967

14,017

8,5061,0311,8615,614

46,271

37,720

6,895

102

522

6,271

3,013116156113101324448903377308167

3,258513203448921706372892428188

39,376

1,506

1,712

9,531

3,982

14,094

8,5511,0301,8725,649

46,440

37,869

6,914

101

526

6,287

3,016117156114101325448901380306168

3,271519213478911716392892428288

39,526

1,519

1,713

9,563

4,003

14,157

8,5711,0331,8785,660

46,590

38,002

6,940

101

528

6,311

3,021118156115101326446901382306170

3,290523203499021726392882428489

39,650

1,521

1,718

9,561

4,028

14,234

8,5881,0351,8855,668

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all

seasonally adjusted data from January 1982 forward are subject to revision.

57


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEMPLOYMENTSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers ' on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by major Industry and manufacturing group,seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

Industry1986


1987

Jan." Feb.1

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing




Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing

Transportation and public utilities

Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services

66,945

17,536

622

3,817

13,097

7,579602394459604231

1,0721,2721,2581,258

666392268

5,5181,145

47609946521815574104623134

49,409

4,377

4,695

15,854

4,554

19,929

66,916

17,454

598

3,795

13,061

7,545602395459596225

1,0691,2671,2521,247

660392266

5,5161,145

48611940521817573103625133

49,462

4,373

4,693

15,867

4,571

19,958

67,167

17,546

573

3,913

13,060

7,547605395463596224

1,0731,2631,2491,245

658392266

5,5131,145

48607943522820572103623130

49,621

4,362

4,712

15,880

4,603

20,064

67,261

17,475

547

3,903

13,025

7,519605397462591222

1,0681,2561,2501,233

645390267

5,5061,149

47610938523820569103620127

49,786

4,361

4,711

15,939

4,629

20,146

67,223

17,388

535

3,874

12,979

7,462606397460574220

1,0621,2501,2241,233

644389267

5,5171,160

46611933524823572103621124

49,835

4,270

4,674

15,981

4,651

20,259

67,517

17,395

533

3,901

12,961

7,441604398458569220

1,0521,2401,2461,223

629387264

5,5201,158

47614936522828572102617124

50,122

4,354

4,705

16,018

4,683

20,362

67,632

17,429

526

3,932

12,971

7,458610400456562207

1,0541,2391,2491,235

640389264

5,5131,153

43615935519825574103621125

50,203

4,325

4,708

16,045

4,704

20,421

67,742

17,407

520

3,927

12,960

7,438615401457560204

1,0581,2151,2451,235

639388264

5,5221,157

44612937523827572102624124

50,335

4,387

4,700

16,091

4,716

20,441

67,854

17,408

522

3,912

12,974

7,435618402454560206

1,0561,2111,2471,236

630387264

5,5391,155

44616940527832571102628124

50,446

4,393

4,694

16,153

4,723

20,483

68,076

17,452

523

3,909

13,020

7,452623400455562203

1,0551,2051,2521,249

642385266

5,5681,168

46622940528833572102632125

50,624

4,424

4,693

16,187

4,745

20,575

68,255

17,483

520

3,910

13,053

7,466627401458563203

1,0601,2041,2511,245

638386271

5,5871,168

45624951531837569102634126

50,772

4,441

4,694

16,193

4,771

20,673

68,479

17,549

509

4,009

13,031

7,446629402460553197

1,0581,2071,2471,233

631386271

5,5851,165

44626947527839572102636127

50,930

4,447

4,699

16,284

4,787

20,713

68,757

17,597

510

4,003

13,084

7,493632403463573213

1,0571,2191,2501,240

639385271

5,5911,168

44630942528838572103638128

51,160

4,456

4,702

16,387

4,797

20,818

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers intransportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,and real estate; and services.

p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March

1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, allseasonally adjusted data from January 1982 forward are subject to revision.

58


ESTABLISHMENT DATAINDEXES OF DIFFUSION

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries

Timespan

Over1-monthspan

Over3-monthspan

Over6-monthspan

Over12-monthspan

Year

198519861987

198519861987

198519861987

198519861987

Jan.

52.459.7

P53.2

51.158.1

P61.4

49.253.8

46.250.3

Feb.

47.853.5

P59.2

49.754.3

47.853.8

45.751.1

Mar.

53.845.1

46.251.1

43.047.6

46.852.2

In which employment

Apr.

49.254.1

46.249.7

45.945.9

43.852.4

May

51.649.2

45.148.4

44.345.9

44.952.7

June

47.046.2

51.444.9

44.348.6

47.354.6

increased, seasonally adjusted

July

56.254.6

49.747.3

48.949.7

47.6P54.6

Aug.

56.854.3

51.154.1

50.855.4

48.9P54.3

Sept.

50.854.9

55.154.9

54.161.1

47.3

Oct.

61.955.1

55.962.4

57.0p60.8

49.5

Nov.

57.662.7

61.465.1

57.0P62.4

48.9

Dec.

59.562.4

60.5P62.2

55.9

48.6

Based on the number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1,3, and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagriculturalindustries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted.

p = preliminary.NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment

rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.)Data are centered within the spans. Establishment survey estimatesare currently projected from March 1985 benchmark levels. Whenmore recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusteddata from January 1982 forward are subject to revision.

59


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENTNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry

(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Mining

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Construction

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

AlabamaBirminghamHuntsvilleMobileMontgomeryTuscaloosa

Alaska.

ArizonaPhoenix.Tucson...

ArkansasFayetteville-SpringdaleFort SmithLittle Rock-North Little Rock.Pine Bluff

CaliforniaAnaheim-Santa AnaBakersfieldFresnoLos Angeles-Long BeachModestoOaklandOxnard-VenturaRiverside-San BernardinoSacramentoSalinas-Seaside-MontereySan DiegoSan FranciscoSan JoseSanta Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.Santa Rosa-PetalumaStocktonVallejo-Fairfield-Napa

ColoradoBoulder-Longmont.Denver

ConnecticutBridgeport-Milford....HartfordNew BritainNew Haven-Meriden.StamfordWaterbury

DelawareWilmington.

District of Columbia.Washington MSA

FloridaDaytona Beach -.,Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach..Fort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelbourne-Titusville-Palm BayMiami-HialeahOrlandoPensacolaSarasotaTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-ClearwaterWest Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach.


1,440.7375.8113.7155.9117.555.4

212.9

1,305.5861.7235.8

788.943.169.5

220.431.4

11,021.91,012.0

157.0187.6

3,850.993.3

771.1188.3544.4502.3

99.6800.4913.8760.3142.2113.3128.9116.4

1,399.9101.3802.5

1,559.4189.8446.6

63.4237.3118.983.1

291.9254.8

628.51,926.1

4,508.7103.0438.1

98.688.7

364.3134.0139.2789.9424.1117.096.1

100.7747.8299.3

1,474.0386.1119.0159.9123.157.6

211.4

1,378.7907.0244.4

824.045.273.5

227.231.7

11,526.01,074.3

158.0200.5

3,999.999.5

806.6198.7583.7529.2105.0845.2940.5774.9145.6121.4136.4123.1

1,405.2105.0803.6

1,644.6197.3473.1

66.1250.9126.487.1

313.2272.1

647.02,039.0

4,739.3108.3452.3106.292.4

384.6139.4137.4813.3465.2122.099.3

105.8781.2319.0

1,465.2381.2118.3158.4122.057.3

205.1

1,362.5897.1240.8

809.744.272.7

224.631.4

11,381.81,062.4

155.6197.6

3,943.698.3

803.6197.5580.2525.2102.9835.5927.1762.8144.5118.6133.8121.7

1,390.4102.9795.1

1,610.1193.9468.1

64.8245.5124.185.2

305.7266.8

637.82,001.2

4,722.0108.4452.6107.692.0

382.2139.3136.9807.1461.5120.899.2

105.8776.3321.4

14.06.9

.1

.9

.12.9

9.7

11.6.5

2.0

4.81

I1)48.1

2.616.8

.911.7

.12.43.21.3.9.5.7

1.2.1

1.5.6.1.4

30.7.3

20.2

1.4I1)0

.1

.2

.11.0

9.2

.4

3:7

8I1)

11.96.1

.1

.4

.12.7

8.3

11.0.6

1.6

i 4 l 1

.9

.4

40.02.1

12.4.6

10.6.1

2.52.91.2.7.5.8

1.1.2

1.3.6.1.3

25.0.2

16.4

1.61

.1

.2

.1

.9

i 9 J

47')

.9

11.96.1

.1

.5

.12.7

7.8

10.9.6

1.6

4.0

i1)

39.62.1

12.4.6

10.4.1

2.42.81.2.7.5.8

1.1.2

1.3.6.1.3

24.8.2

16.2

1.51

.1

.2

.1

.9

9.80

A

.5. 4.7

.8

.3

0

72.922.34.5

10.68.42.5

10.9

112.279.620.7

33.11.92.8

11.12.3

489.152.09.9

10.7122.9

5.841.69.7

38.526.33.9

49.331.130.16.66.76.96.8

75.44.2

42.5

61.46.5

15.32.7

10.94.93.3

16.616.3

13.2110.7

333.27.8

36.111.44.6

27.18.49.3

38.733.39.69.94.7

59.927.3

75.323.64.9

10.09.52.8

11.2

108.473.621.6

34.21.72.9

11.41.8

540.255.29.6

12.2131.4

6.447.211.045.631.94.5

54.834.730.76.28.28.27.6

71.63.8

40.2

73.68.1

19.54.0

12.75.34.2

18.718.0

14.3123.7

342.38.3

36.412.54.3

27.58.28.4

39.134.810.410.15.9

62.630.3

75.322.64.89.69.42.8

9.7

106.872.621.0

32.31.72.9

11.01.6

522.753.49.3

11.8129.0

6.245.310.844.130.24.3

54.032.329.06.17.37.77.4

70.23.7

39.7

67.17.6

17.93.5

11.75.03.8

17.517.1

13.7119.7

336.58.3

36.312.54.2

27.28.48.1

38.634.010.19.85.9

61.630.5

60


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT


B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Transportation andpublic utilities

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Wholesale and retail trade

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

BirminghamHuntsvilleMobileMontgomeryTuscaloosa

Alaska .

ArizonaPhoenixTucson

ArkansasFayetteville-SpringdaleFort SmithLittle Rock-North Little Rock.Pine Bluff

CaliforniaAnaheim-Santa AnaBakersfieldFresnoLos Angeles-Long BeachModestoOaklandOxnard-VenturaRiverside-San BernardinoSacramentoSalinas-Seaside-MontereySan DiegoSan FranciscoSan JoseSanta Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.Santa Rosa-PetalumaStocktonValiejo—Fairfield-Napa

ColoradoBoulder-LongmontDenver

ConnecticutBridgeport-Milford...,HartfordNew BritainNew Haven-Meriden .StamfordWaterbury

DelawareWilmington.

District of Columbia .Washington MSA

FloridaDaytona BeachFort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach..Fort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelbqume-Titusville-Palm BayMiami-HialeahOrlandoPensacolaSarasotaTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-ClearwaterWest Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach.


356.755.630.826.016.98.3

8.1

180.8129.931.6

206.69.3

23.632.7

5.8

2,034.4238.7

10.118.9

882.519.2

101.628.471.535.7

8.3122.577.5

266.024.417.620.010.7

186.128.097.9

399.661.793.123.247.026.026.2

71.561.3

15.084.0

518.712.742.9

4.95.4

37.722.528.193.649.511.17.74.2

90.138.3

356.052.730.626.817.79.1

7.9

185.5133.131.1

213.99.8

25.231.6

6.0

2,064.5244.5

10.420.8

892.220.5

102.829.575.837.39.7

120.678.5

260.823.618.221.012.0

184.128.695.7

395.760.594.021.548.025.424.7

70.459.8

15.686.1

522.812.243.7

5.45.4

37.622.326.492.153.511.18.34.6

89.437.0

354.451.930.526.517.69.0

7.9

184.9133.030.8

213.69.8

25.331.4

6.1

2,048.6242.7

10.220.2

885.019.8

102.929.476.037.39.0

120.577.7

259.523.518.120.611.9

181.628.293.6

396.260.594.521.448.125.324.6

69.459.2

15.685.5

522.712.443.6

5.45.4

38.022.326.892.053.211.28.24.6

88.937.2

71.627.62.59.74.71.9

17.5

63.341.6

9.1

47.23.93.5

14.62.9

562.433.5

7.99.7

199.74.2

52.28.0

29.322.64.8

31.680.721.2

5.45.27.94.3

87.22.4

62.4

68.67.3

17.03.3

17.84.73.1

12.113.0

24.490.8

243.03.2

21.44.51.7

26.65.95.8

67.522.4

5.93.52.8

37.110.8

71.327.5

2.69.44.72.0

17.3

69.546.6

9.9

49.23.93.6

14.72.7

586.934.7

8.210.8

205.34.3

56.19.8

31.424.2

5.032.581.221.5

5.45.68.54.5

88.12.3

64.1

71.27.9

17.43.3

18.14.93.2

12.913.9

24.496.7

250.23.4

21.84.91.7

27.66.15.5

68.224.6

6.43.62.8

37.211.5

70.627.52.79.24.72.1

17.0

68.645.8

9.9

48.53.93.6

14.72.8

577.934.7

8.210.4

202.54.2

55.49.9

30.923.74.8

32.379.420.8

5.35.58.24.4

87.52.2

63.0

70.37.5

17.33.3

18.04.93.1

12.513.7

24.596.4

247.43.3

21.84.81.7

27.26.05.5

66.624.2

6.23.52.8

36.811.7

311.192.321.841.126.411.5

43.2

320.5220.1

52.8

177.710.415.353.7

6.3

2,655.1253.1

38.749.1

902.823.8

198.447.9

138.1124.327.3

191.1213.5149.733.430.130.828.1

348.522.2

201.9

348.744.395.112.154.928.416.1

63.252.9

60.4388.1

1,213.829.2

129.129.719.296.737.131.3

210.7111.029.529.221.1

206.978.6

331.6100.023.244.728.412.2

43.7

340.0233.0

55.6

188.011.015.956.4

6.7

2,833.6274.5

41.652.1

963.725.8

205.650.7

148.1132.628.1

208.0225.6159.235.132.532.530.6

351.623.4

206.3

377.947.0

101.613.659.831.018.1

71.759.2

65.3424.9

1,303.131.0

135.732.221.1

104.739.832.7

221.4122.131.729.422.8

219.484.7

324.897.022.443.927.911.9

41.7

334.9229.5

54.9

181.910.815.555.0

6.3

2,760.0270.4

40.151.2

936.225.6

202.750.3

145.5128.927.4

200.2219.9153.034.531.731.630.2

346.422.9

203.2

360.644.798.613.156.629.917.1

68.157.2

61.7407.3

1,291.930.9

134.332.720.4

103.039.032.3

218.6118.430.929.522.6

214.985.4



B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area

AlabamaBirmingham.HuntsvilleMobile ...MontgomeryTuscaloosa

Alaska


ArkansasFayetteville-SpringdaleFort SmithLittle Rock-North Little RockPine Bluff

CaliforniaAnaheim-Santa AnaBakersfieldFresnoLos Angeles-Long BeachModestoOaklandOxnard-VenturaRiverside-San BernardinoSacramentoSalinas-Seaside-MontereySan DiegoSan FranciscoSan JoseSanta Barbara-Santa Maria-LompocSanta Rosa-PetalumaStocktonValtejo—Fairfield—Napa


ConnecticutBridgeport-MilfordHartfordNew BritainNew Haven-Meriden .StamfordWaterbury

DelawareWilmington

District of ColumbiaWashington MSA

FloridaDavtona BeachFort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano BeachFort Mvers-CaDe CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelbourne-Titusville—Palm BayMiami—HialeahOrlandoPensacolaSarasotaTallahasseeTamDa St Petersburc-ClearwaterWest Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

Finance, insurance,and real estate

Jan.1986

67.327.7

3.37.66.91.9

12.4

85.567.212.1

36.51.52.6

14.91.5

742.580.1

6.113.2

268.04.3

47.89.9

22.129.24.7

53.9114.432.8

7.87.77.94.5

97.23.8

64.9

134010.070.93.5

14.210.73.9

21.319.3

35.5109.3

327.162

35.87.44.0

34.17.84.9

65.028.35.27.94.4

59.424.6

Dec.1986

70.028.6

3.47.67.32.0

12.3

91.472.212.5

37.41.52.8

15.51.6

779.184.9

6.413.9

279.44.6

53.310.424.531.1

5.057.5

113.133.1

8.08.28.24.7

97.93.9

65.7

142 711.076.93.9

14.811.54.1

24.022.0

37.1117.5

349.56.5

37.58.34.0

36.38.05.2

69.231.45.68.14.4

62.426.9

Jan.1987P

70.228.5

3.47.57.32.0

12.2

91.472.312.4

37.31.42.7

15.41.6

776.484.2

6.313.7

278.04.6

53.510.424.531.2

5.057.7

113.032.9

8.08.18.24.7

97.93.9

65.7

142.911.177.14.0

14.711.54.1

24.422.4

36.9117.1

347.16.6

37.88.33.9

36.38.05.2

68.531.05.68.04.4

62.226.9

Services

Jan.1986

249.784.622.832.723.4

7.5

42.9

313.5211.8

59.5

138.76.0

13 448.0

5.5

2,666.5241.029.642.1

976.620.0

172.941.5

128.2104.823.9

201.8261.1177.336.624.227.025.2

325.320.5

194.1

355.841.798.712.362.433.819.3

63.156.6

213.9588.9

1,164.727.0

119.026.019.585.930.239.9

210.5128.927.626.320.0

198.283.9

Dec.1986

261.587.925.633.124.2

7.7

42.8

334.2225.1

61.5

147.66.4

14 951.1

5.7

2,808.8262.4

30.945.7

1,022.721.0

178.443.7

135.1108.725.4

216.5270.3185.238.726.028.326.6

325.421.5

192.1

381.344.5

104.313.166.437.620.7

68.661.2

227.2629.3

1,240.829.1

121.111120.792.131.239.0

216.1145.228.827.620.3

209.690.0

Jan.1987"

260.687.825.733.324.1

7.8

41.9

335.3225.8

61.7

146.16.3

14 650.9

5.8

2,789.9260.0

30.845.6

1,009.521.0

180.943.4

135.5110.225.3

215.9268.3183.138.525.627.826.3

326.621.5

193.2

375.844.3

103.513.165.536.820.3

68.460.4

223.6621.5

1,245.129.2

122.528.720.892.031.839.1

215.8145.528.828.120.4

211.091.3

Government

Jan.1986

297.458.827.927.330.718.9

68.2

218.1111.048.0

144.310.172

45.07.1

1,823.8111.037.943.0

486.715.9

154.239.7

115.4158.526.2

149.5134.383.126.521.228.336.4

249.519.9

118.6

189.918.356.46.3

29.99.7

11.2

44.135.1

266.1553.3

699.016.953.414.534.255.718.419.8

103.150.627.711.643.395.535.8

Dec.1986

296.459.728.627.931.219.1

67.9

238.7122.850.6

149.610.973

46.17.2

1,872.9116.038.544.4

494.616.8

160.740.7

122.0162.726.8

154.5136.084.227.322.129.636.8

261.521.3

123.1

200.618.359.16.7

30.910.112.1

46.837.6

263.0559.8

720.917.855.715.135.158.319.120.1

106.353.527.712.144.799.938.6

Jan.1987P

297.459.828.727.930.919.0

66.9

229.7117.548.5

146.010.373

45.87.2

1,866.7114.938.344.1

493.016.8

160.540.5

122.5163.026.6

154.1135.484.327.321.729.636.5

255.420.3

120.5

195.718.259.06.4

30.710.112.2

45.336.5

261.8552.9

721.517.755.915.135.558.019.119.8

106.255.127.712.144.8

100.238.4


62




B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Mining

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Construction

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

GeorgiaAlbanyAthensAtlantaAugustaColumbusMacon-Warner RobinsSavannah

HawaiiHonolulu.

IdahoBoise City.

IllinoisAurora-ElginBloomington-NormalChampaign-Urbana-RantoulChicagoDavenport-Rock Island-Moline .DecaturJolietKankakeeLake CountyPeoriaRockfordSpringfield

IndianaAndersonBloomingtonElkhart-GoshenEvansvilleFort WayneGary-HammondIndianapolisKokomoLafayette...:MuncieSouth Bend-MishawakaTerre Haute

IowaCedar RapidsDes MoinesDubuqueIowa CitySioux CityWaterloo-Cedar Falls.

KansasLawrence .TopekaWichita...

KentuckyLexington-Fayette.LouisvilleOwensboro

LouisianaAlexandriaBaton RougeHouma-Thibodaux.,LafayetteLake Charles ...MonroeNew OrleansShreveport

MaineLewiston-Auburn...Portland

2,597.348.959.9

1,283.6148.387.8

114.095.9

429.4344.4

324.083.8

4,678.8127.650.677.5

2,899.8150.850.093.131.6

168.3130.8121.591.6

2,162.647.847.286.6

120.5169.4210.6557.944.860.548.4

104.151.6

1,046.780.3

191.939.548.147.358.2

964.329.481.7

202.0

1,238.5162.7406.0

32.5

1,556.844.8

214.159.695.359.254.4

527.3136.0

451.337.1

110.0

2,746.548.861.6

1,377.5152.591.1

116.5102.6

448.1359.3

339.187.2

4,843.9134.253.982.9

2,994.3149.649.994.832.8

177.6131.2124.594.3

2,277.548.951.292.7

124.9178.8207.3589.444.862.849.7

109.353.2

1,092.083.0

199.838.449.949.356.9

990.531.684.5

207.5

1,309.8171.8429.6

33.5

1,509.446.2

214.353.484.656.855.9

516.3132.3

486.738.3

119.1

2,723.448.762.6

1,368.8152.589.4

116.1101.8

443.1354.9

329.485.7

4,767.5132.253.579.3

2,945.3148.148.993.332.1

171.9130.0123.393.0

2,233.347.650.092.0

122.6176.8203.5581.9

44.461.648.9

107.752.4

1,075.681.9

197.438.246.646.155.7

975.230.683.7

203.3

1,279.5169.9418.9

32.8

1,488.945.5

212.252.482.056.553.6

512.7131.2

472.337.9

115.2

8.2

13.5.1.1

3.2

26.0

2.6

t 8.9

.2

!>2.6

1.4.1

15.3

2.9

41.2.9.6

1.0

78.2.2

1.18.0

15.41.8.5

18.3

8.9)

17.5.1.1

2.5

24.4

8()

} 8.5

1.8.1

11.80

40.01.0.7

1.0

58.6.2

1.06.0

11.41.3

.516.23.2

0.1

8.7

U.5.1.1

2.5

23.6

0)3.0

8.2')') "

2.3

11.4

K39.4

1.0.7.9

58.3.2

1.06.0

10.71.3.5

16.33.4

.1

143.72.12.4

72.09.05.04.95.7

17.414.4

11.94.2

149.04.3

.91.9

93.84.01.64.0

.95.24.93.12.0

80.01.11.22.27.37.4

10.423.7

1.01.51.44.11.6

27.32.25.91.01.11.41.3

36.8.8

2.78.1

48.78.2

18.61.7

94.62.7

21.02.14.36.43.3

25.97.7

21.81.66.0

161.72.22.5

82.98.65.15.0

21.617.7

14.04.7

181.95.51.32.2

116.04.41.64.51.27.05.33.72.5

101.61.31.52.68.38.8

11.529.6

1.12.11.84.91.8

34.83.17.11.21.41.71.5

40.01.03.89.6

60.511.122.1

1.8

85.72.6

20.01.53.25.03.0

23.96.9

26.41.77.1

158.42.22.5

83.08.55.14.97.8

21.617.5

12.54.3

160.44.91.02.0

105.03.41.54.01.25.34.73.32.1

93.41.21.32.48.08.3

10.427.8

1.02.01.64.61.7

31.82.96.41.11.31.61.4

37.81.03.68.5

56.010.219.8

1.8

84.12.5

19.31.43.04.82.9

23.46.9

24.71.66.7


63



B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Jan.1986

562.29.8

15.2191.136.620.219.315.9

21.515.5

50.410.2

932.536.14.67.4

555.332.314.919.75.3

40.932.445.23.8

600.618.97.6

45.830.747.058.4

106.621.011.410.824.210.5

200.321.922.111.63.69.6

13.0

174.74.39.1

54.2

250.629.384.35.8

167.93.3

19.24.96.29.07.2

44.419.2

103.410.316.5

Dec.1986

567.88.7

15.4194.436.319.818.917.1

21.815.9

53.510.2

922.235.64.47.5

544.629.213.719.75.5

39.330.645.83.8

599.018.38.3

49.030.848.948.8

106.719.711.310.723.910.6

199.422.521.78.53.99.89.3

173.74.49.0

55.5

257.028.486.85.9

166.33.4

19.05.15.98.67.5

44.718.6

105.59.8

16.6

Jan.1987P

563.98.7

15.3191.936.419.618.817.0

21.615.8

51.310.2

922.335.94.47.6

540.329.413.619.65.3

39.030.845.73.8

596.117.78.7

49.030.448.948.3

106.120.011.210.723.910.5

198.822.321.88.73.87.19.3

174.14.49.1

55.2

255.328.286.35.7

164.23.3

18.74.85.98.77.4

44.618.7

103.79.9

16.3


Jan.1986

164.62.21.7

106.74.93.44.9

10.0

33.527.4

18.25.4

277.44.43.22.2

184.48.04.58.61.56.36.74.54.7

109.51.31.62.76.5

11.013.633.01.41.72.24.52.6

50.94.1

12.01.61.03.11.8

62.31.36.99.8

65.57.6

25.12.2

112.62.3

10.37.47.34.02.9

45.08.4

18.91.35.7

Dec.1986

168.32.11.7

109.95.13.55.19.9

34.127.8

18.65.5

279.24.82.92.1

190.28.14.48.41.56.46.54.44.7

113.31.41.72.76.5

11.513.335.51.41.62.24.92.7

52.74.2

11.91.61.23.41.8

62.31.36.79.8

70.07.7

26.12.3

105.92.4

10.46.06.53.82.6

42.38.4

19.61.36.0

Jan.1987P

167.72.11.7

109.45.13.55.19.8

34.227.8

18.15.6

278.15.02.92.1

188.58.14.48.21.56.46.54.44.7

111.51.41.62.76.4

11.313.234.91.31.62.24.82.6

52.54.1

11.91.51.23.41.8

61.71.36.69.5

68.67.6

25.62.3

105.22.4

10.45.76.43.82.6

42.28.3

19.41.36.0


Jan.1986

643.412.211.9

353.331.218.324.223.5

115.790.9

82.121.8

1,162.935.212.718.9

724.042.210.822.48.1

44.532.828.018.7

504.310.110.616.329.942.048.5

143.99.2

12.611.826.813.7

265.920.050.68.98.7

12.213.9

241.56.5

18.249.5

293.538.4

100.58.6

374.410.252.414.625.114.015.2

137.632.6

105.88.6

32.0

Dec.1986

707.012.712.9

392.033.420.625.724.2

119.894.2

86.223.0

1,225.037.712.519.1

756.742.311.822.78.2

47.333.528.419.4

551.811.011.918.131.744.250.8

153.39.7

12.912.129.014.2

284.620.452.29.69.3

12.614.4

253.67.0

19.250.6

314.740.8

106.58.4

369.811.152.713.422.514.215.4

137.231.2

118.29.4

36.1

Jan.1987P

690.912.712.7

384.833.019.225.523.8

117.892.5

83.022.4

1,196.136.512.519.0

736.841.911.022.68.0

45.833.028.319.2

535.510.611.517.530.843.649.6

149.79.5

12.811.928.013.8

278.920.050.99.48.7

12.114.1

246.66.8

18.848.7

301.540.3

102.08.2

360.410.752.013.521.813.914.7

135.830.4

112.89.1

34.3

GeorgiaAlbanyAthensAtlantaAugustaColumbusMacon-Warner Robins.Savannah

HawaiiHonolulu.

IdahoBoise City.

IllinoisAurora-ElginBloomington-NormalChampaign-Urbana-RantoulChicagoDavenport-Rock Island-Moline ,DecaturJolietKankakeeLake CountyPeoriaRockfordSpringfield

AndersonBloomingtonElkhart-GoshenEvansvilleFort WayneGary-HammondIndianapolisKokomoLafayette...MuncieSouth Bend-Mishawaka.Terre Haute


KansasLawrence .TopekaWichita....

KentuckyLexington-Fayette.,LouisvilleOwensboro

LouisianaAlexandriaBaton RougeHouma-Thibodaux..LafayetteLake CharlesMonroeNew OrleansShreveport

MaineLewiston-Auburn...Portland


64





(In thousands)

State and area


Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Services

Jan. Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Government

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

GeorgiaAlbanyAthensAtlantaAugustaColumbusMacon-Warner Robins.Savannah

HawaiiHonolulu.

Boise City.

IllinoisAurora-ElginBloomington-NormalChampaign-Urbana-RantoulChicagoDavenport-Rock Island-Moline .DecaturJolietKankakeeLake CountyPeoriaRockfordSpringfield

IndianaAndersonBloomingtonElkhart-GoshenEvansvilleFort WayneGary-HammondIndianapolisKokomoLafayetteMuncieSouth Bend-MishawakaTerre Haute


KansasLawrence .TopekaWichita...

KentuckyLexington-Fayette.,LouisvilleOwensboro

LouisianaAlexandriaBaton RougeHouma-Thibodaux.LafayetteLake CharlesMonroeNew OrleansShreveport

MaineLewiston-Auburn..Portland

139.32.41.9

90.85.25.97.04.2

32.327.3

23.48.3

341.06.89.13.1

246.07.72.83.81.56.66.85.17.7

107.11.61.52.34.8

11.17.8

41.71.32.81.65.21.8

62.44.7

24.71.41.42.63.1

53.3.9

5.810.5

57.68.5

26.61.3

85.62.6

13.62.64.12.74.4

33.47.9

21.61.9

10.3

149.32.42.0

97.15.86.37.54.5

33.228.1

23.98.6

349.56.99.23.3

253.18.02.73.91.66.57.05.57.9

112.11.61.62.45.0

11.88.1

43.51.43.01.65.61.8

63.04.6

26.01.41.52.53.2

54.41.16.0

10.9

60.59.0

27.91.4

84.72.6

13.42.54.02.74.5

33.77.8

23.12.2

11.1

148.92.42.1

96.45.96.37.54.5

33.128.0

23.98.5

347.16.89.23.3

252.38.02.73.81.66.67.05.57.9

111.91.61.62.44.9

11.78.1

43.51.42.91.65.61.9

63.44.6

26.11.41.52.63.2

54.61.06.1

10.9

60.29.0

28.11.4

85.02.6

13.42.44.02.74.5

33.77.8

23.12.1

11.4

478.37.68.4

286.528.414.619.821.5

115.990.2

65.417.7

1,097.826.310.913.8

739.329.39.9

18.68.0

36.431.423.823.5

411.59.17.4

11.927.333.841.8

121.15.8

10.49.5

28.310.5

231.217.347.411.57.4

12.113.4

188.05.0

18.341.9

249.737.292.3

7.0

320.410.441.08.9

20.110.810.9

134.230.0

94.39.6

25.4

522.38.09.2

315.729.615.520.222.7

121.194.1

67.718.4

1,132.228.811.414.3

768.730.410.219.18.1

41.032.224.323.9

434.79.47.6

12.528.335.844.3

130.75.9

11.09.8

29.610.9

241.018.050.712.57.5

12.814.1

196.25.4

19.043.4

262.838.799.37.5

315.611.041.37.9

17.610.511.0

132.731.2

102.49.9

27.6

521.17.99.2

315.829.615.420.222.9

120.894.1

67.617.9

1,123.228.511.214.3

760.130.210.218.98.1

40.032.023.923.7

430.39.37.6

12.628.135.543.8

130.05.8

10.99.7

29.410.8

237.617.950.012.67.4

12.813.9

194.55.2

18.843.3

260.138.697.2

7.3

313.111.041.08.0

17.510.711.1

131.830.4

101.69.9

26.4

457.612.518.3

182.032.620.433.715.1

93.178.7

69.416.2

692.214.49.2

30.2354.4

27.35.4

15.86.3

27.615.811.831.1

340.65.7

17.15.4

11.417.130.187.25.1

20.111.111.010.4

207.310.029.1

3.524.96.3

11.7

192.410.620.625.1

231.732.658.04.9

323.113.155.511.112.810.510.088.525.4

85.43.8

14.1

461.312.617.7

183.833.220.334.116.1

96.581.5

72.716.8

729.514.812.234.4

361.927.25.5

16.36.7

29.416.112.432.0

356.55.9

18.35.4

12.017.830.589.35.6

20.911.511.410.8

214.710.130.13.6

25.06.5

12.6

198.511.420.725.4

244.335.160.25.2

322.812.956.511.013.510.711.485.625.0

91.44.0

15.4

463.812.618.9

185.833.320.234.016.2

94.079.2

70.516.8

716.714.512.331.0

359.327.15.5

16.06.4

28.116.012.231.5

346.35.7

17.55.3

11.617.630.189.25.4

20.211.211.410.7

211.010.030.23.5

22.76.5

12.0

194.510.920.625.0

238.435.059.3

5.2

318.612.856.410.612.710.69.9

84.925.3

86.94.0

14.1


65



B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Jan.1986

1,877.41,016.4

443.6666.5

2,904.71,638.0

68.754.339.1

158.8102.964.641.0

223.1185.0

3,579.6156.553.360.0

1,800.7177.6295.548.4

100.0194.955.1

147.6

1,829.479.2

1,196.854.162.8

844.1168.6

2,079.2702.3

35.11,072.6

99.0

269.8

635.6105.1284.7

445.0250.5119.4

472.084.597.9

3,382.7141.4635.4396.1229.3479.1288.5925.7183.052.2

Dec.1986

1,998.61,075.6

456.9715.6

3,045.71,718.3

72.956.940.7

160.7105.967.243.1

235.7196.6

3,699.4164.855.862.8

1,882.1179.6305.9

50.3104.1203.2

56.1154.6

1,919.682.8

1,250.556.467.0

859.8173.4

2,145.5720.1

35.71,100.5

104.6

275.6

663.2109.3293.8

481.4271.7129.2

499.688.9

105.0

3,549.7151.1660.2418.7242.8502.1310.3961.0193.654.8

Jan.1987P

1,959.81,054.7

452.3700.7

2,963.61,680.3

70.154.739.3

158.4103.764.941.7

229.6191.0

3,626.2162.854.461.4

1,849.7172.3297.849.3

102.3201.4

54.7147.9

1,877.080.6

1,228.855.365.8

846.3171.2

2,106.1713.2

34.91,085.5

103.1

270.8

647.9106.1289.8

476.8271.6126.0

492.788.2

103.4

3,476.9149.1645.2407.5235.7491.7304.2951.9189.754.4

Mining

Jan.1986

1.5.2

1.4.6

('('

(l

.20

'.I.1

9.6(')(')C

.8(')(')(')(')(')(')(')

6.13.8

('(2(2

8.41.5

5.9.5

(')3.7.1

6.1

1.7

5.8.3.7

.4

.1

.1

2.0('

.2

.1

o .50) .6(l)

.3

Dec.1986

1.7.2

2.0.9

I1)')])1

.2l)' .1

.2

.1

10.0•)')

(').9

(')(')(')(')(')(')(')

4.82.5

')2)2)

6.41.2

5.4.5

l)3.4.1

5.8

1.9(')

6.6.3.7

.5

.1

.1

2.2

'.Il)

.6')" .7(')

.3

Jan.1987P

1.6.3

0 .3

1.8.8

010oC) •

.1

.2

.2

9.8010

.81

n111el

4.62.8

(l)(2)(2)

6.21.2

5.3.6

(l)3.4.1

5.5

1.9

.2

6.5.3.7

.4

.1

.1

2.2(')

'.\

o .6

.7

A

Construction

Jan.1986

124.559.216.454.1

104.055.03.01.61.7

10.64.12.21.56.97.0

98.34.11.11.1

50.44.2

11.31.12.84.61.85.1

58.22.2

40.61.42.1

33.78.2

85.530.31.2

50.93.9

8.0

20.73.4

10.6

23.914.75.8

31.93.94.3

133.98.0

24.417.65.7

19.515.831.83.81.7

Dec.1986

143.967.817.762.0

123.665.24.32.22.28.74.93.01.98.88.9

116.94.71.41.4

63.35.3

14.41.43.05.32.16.5

74.23.5

51.01.63.2

35.38.4

94.234.61.2

56.13.9

8.6

23.93.7

11.6

27.816.67.1

34.24.95.5

160.59.8

30.321.46.9

22.919.737.34.82.4

Jan.1987P

139.466.117.061.1

113.859.13.71.91.88.54.42.71.77.78.0

107.83.91.21.2

58.54.6

12.91.12.85.31.75.6

64.53.2

46.01.42.7

31.88.1

91.935.21.2

54.63.8

7.6

22.13.4

11.2

27.016.66.7

32.94.94.9

146.99.9

28.120.06.2

20.418.235.74.32.3

MarylandBaltimore MSABaltimore CitySuburban Maryland-D.C

MassachusettsBostonBrocktonFall RiverFitchburg-Leominster.Lawrence-HaverhillLowellNew BedfordPittsfieldSpringfieldWorcester

MichiganAnn ArborBattle CreekBenton HarborDetroitFlintGrand RapidsJacksonKalamazooLansing-East LansingMuskegonSaginaw-Bay City-Midland.

MinnesotaDuluthMinneapolis-St. Paul.RochesterSt. Cloud

Mississippi.Jackson ...

MissouriKansas CitySt. JosephSt. LouisSpringfield

Montana.,

Nebraska.Lincoln..,Omaha..,

NevadaLas Vegas .Reno

New HampshireNashuaPortsmouth-Dover-Rochester,NH-ME

New JerseyAtlantic CityBergen-PassaicCamdenJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon.,Monmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton


66





(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P


Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P


Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

MarylandBaltimore MSABaltimore CitySuburban Maryland-D.C

MassachusettsBostonBrocktonFall RiverFitchburg-LeominsterLawrence-HaverhillLowellNew BedfordPittsfieldSpringfieldWorcester

MichiganAnn ArborBattle CreekBenton HarborDetroitFlintGrand RapidsJacksonKalamazooLansing-East LansingMuskegonSaginaw-Bay City-Midland.

MinnesotaDuluthMinneapolis-St. Paul.RochesterSt. Cloud


MissouriKansas City.St. Joseph...St. LouisSpringfield...

Montana

Nebraska...Lincoln...Omaha...

NevadaLas VegasReno

New HampshireNashuaPortsmouth-Dover-Rochester.NH-ME.

New JerseyAtlantic CityBergen-PassaicCamdenJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon.,Monmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton


210.1134.348.435.6

630.5296.9

11.918.113.554.638.521.712.151.846.6

1,010.839.414.321.2

497.968.495.812.929.538.818.346.7

360.76.8

249.110.911.3

223.920.1

426.9119.6

9.0224.6

19.8

20.9

84.912.432.1

21.77.88.0

120.135.920.9

688.38.1

165.474.850.3

111.830.8

187.231.814.3

209.1132.346.535.4

615.6294.4

11.217.513.552.637.421.112.152.545.4

995.839.515.021.5

491.863.993.012.829.338.417.545.3

367.47.2

250.610.411.3

221.820.0

416.6118.3

8.9217.8

19.9

21.5

86.012.931.9

22.78.38.4

117.735.220.2

693.28.4

161.976.152.9

112.030.3

188.832.215.2

208.9131.745.935.6

609.3292.1

10.616.713.251.937.220.911.852.445.6

984.639.414.921.3

486.960.293.012.929.137.717.444.9

364.97.1

250.010.311.5

219.419.9

414.5117.6

8.9218.1

19.7

21.1

82.512.831.8

22.78.3

118.035.320.2

685.08.3

159.074.849.7

112.130.4

187.331.814.7

89.754.928.522.6

123.272.3

5.21.71.66.43.52.91.08.87.9

145.14.71.82.5

81.04.7

10.84.13.25.62.77.0

96.25.3

66.51.83.6

38.710.8

139.054.42.1

73.06.3

20.6

42.25.7

22.8

25.514.48.2

16.02.22.5

227.15.8

31.316.829.638.914.979.6

6.02.0

93.155.227.824.8

126.973.8

5.21.91.56.83.43.31.09.08.5

150.65.01.82.5

85.44.6

10.84.13.45.22.67.3

98.25.5

66.81.63.6

39.811.1

141.754.8

2.274.1

6.4

19.9

43.66.0

23.3

27.315.58.9

17.52.22.8

233.15.9

29.517.530.940.315.980.9

6.32.1

91.454.227.124.5

123.073.04.71.91.56.73.33.11.08.78.2

147.95.01.82.5

85.14.5

10.74.13.45.02.67.0

95.85.0

65.81.53.6

39.411.2

141.454.1

2.174.2

6.4

19.6

43.25.8

23.1

27.115.4

17.62.22.7

230.15.9

28.814.828.939.815.881.0

6.32.1

477.3248.1

95.5179.9

684.3371.2

20.213.79.4

33.021.614.510.752.445.4

785.923.810.111.3

409.341.173.110.721.737.911.633.1

454.420.7

293.811.018.9

179.040.9

495.3180.3

8.7254.9

26.6

70.1

165.324.774.1

90.652.527.4

112.918.023.8

807.327.1

179.3105.755.0

117.478.7

191.229.810.7

517.6269.998.6

197.6

729.2395.5

22.115.210.536.322.715.811.556.449.7

849.627.811.012.1

444.544.778.311.523.740.912.436.0

483.122.4

312.812.420.7

189.243.2

514.0182.0

9.1265.3

28.7

72.8

172.825.876.8

99.557.630.0

127.720.927.8

865.129.8

193.6112.559.4

123.588.4

200.932.210.9

503.5260.396.5

190.6

699.1384.3

21.714.59.9

35.621.714.410.853.647.5

819.826.310.411.5

431.942.474.311.122.639.911.833.8

466.121.4

305.011.720.5

182.641.6

493.5178.8

8.5256.8

28.0

70.9

168.424.974.7

96.456.128.8

123.320.627.2

832.628.6

186.1107.458.6

119.684.6

197.531.210.8

67



B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area


Jan.1986

Dec. Jan.1987P

Services

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Government

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

MarylandBaltimore MSABaltimore CitySuburban Maryland-D.C..

MassachusettsBostonBrocktonFall RiverFitchburg-Leominster.Lawrence-HaverhillLowellNew BedfordPittsfieldSpringfieldWorcester

MichiganAnn ArborBattle CreekBenton HarborDetroitFlintGrand RapidsJacksonKalamazooLansing-East LansingMuskegonSaginaw-Bay City-Midland..

MinnesotaDuluthSZ~I~.Minneapolis-St. PaulRochesterSt. Cloud

MississippiJackson...

Kansas City.St. Joseph...St. LouisSpringfield...

Montana

NebraskaLincolnOmaha

NevadaLas VegasReno

New HampshireNashuaPortsmouth-Dover-Rochester,NH-ME.

New JerseyAtlantic CityBergen-PassaicCamdenJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon.Monmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton

111.267.642.436.3

194.2134.4

2.92.71.55.63.72.42.0

14.711.9

165.64.13.72.3

96.55.9

13.21.64.3

10.41.46.0

112.13.1

86.11.52.3

36.113.0

124.254.3

1.967.9

5.0

12.9

45.97.6

27.7

21.112.66.4

26.83.05.4

202.26.4

33.321.1

9.931.316.170.8

8.62.8

120.173.646.039.0

208.7143.0

3.02.81.66.04.22.62.1

15.612.7

174.14.43.72.4

101.06.3

13.61.64.6

11.11.46.0

118.43.2

91.41.72.4

37.813.8

132.656.9

1.971.8

5.1

12.9

47.97.7

29.1

23.313.96.9

29.73.36.0

212.66.7

34.822.410.233.116.874.2

8.92.8

118.572.745.238.9

209.3142.7

3.22.81.66.14.22.52.1

15.512.6

174.54.43.72.5

101.56.3

13.61.64.6

11.11.46.0

117.93.1

91.11.62.4

37.713.8

131.956.9

1.872.0

5.1

12.7

47.97.7

29.5

23.313.96.9

29.43.26.0

213.06.7

35.622.610.433.217.074.9

8.72.9

475.0250.7125.4186.7

782.8513.1

14.010.26.8

28.818.511.48.9

51.843.7

767.730.911.113.4

432.630.160.89.1

21.833.010.828.8

433.219.1

295.521.712.6

132.235.1

465.2156.4

6.8260.9

25.1

60.1

140.321.673.5

196.5117.847.9

102.515.416.3

794.361.8

134.790.138.991.573.4

232.651.2

9.3

513.3269.1133.3199.8

844.0547.6

14.910.76.9

31.320.012.09.7

55.647.8

795.132.311.514.2

453.431.964.3

9.522.836.211.231.3

455.219.9

307.822.713.5

135.636.8

492.8162.7

6.6276.3

26.7

62.7

148.122.577.1

210.2127.250.8

108.216.117.9

838.465.0

142.495.041.997.378.4

242.655.5

9.7

509.1265.0133.9196.9

822.6533.0

14.910.67.0

30.419.812.09.6

54.445.7

789.332.511.314.2

451.531.962.2

9.222.736.511.130.0

448.319.6

303.222.712.9

135.436.3

485.5161.0

6.7272.4

26.3

62.5

145.622.475.8

211.6129.550.1

108.315.817.9

828.164.5

141.294.241.296.077.8

239.953.9

9.8

388.1201.4

87.0151.0

384.3194.5

11.56.34.6

19.812.89.54.7

36.622.4

596.749.411.08.2

232.223.030.0

8.816.664.2

8.520.6

308.518.2

164.55.8

12.0

192.138.9

337.2106.5

5.4136.7

12.2

71.1

134.629.743.7

59.930.415.0

61.46.0

24.6

527.624.166.770.040.068.358.7

131.951.811.0

399.8207.5

87.0156.6

395.7197.9

12.26.64.5

19.013.19.44.7

37.623.5

607.351.011.58.7

241.922.831.2

9.217.365.9

8.821.9

318.318.6

169.46.2

12.2

193.838.9

348.2110.3

5.8135.7

13.8

71.4

139.030.743.8

64.032.316.4

64.16.2

24.7

544.625.467.673.740.672.460.7

135.653.711.4

387.4204.4

86.7152.8

384.7195.3

11.36.34.3

19.213.09.34.6

37.123.2

592.651.211.18.2

233.522.430.7

9.116.965.7

8.620.5

314.818.2

167.36.0

12.1

193.839.1

342.1109.0

5.7134.0

13.7

70.9

136.329.143.5

62.231.515.6

62.86.1

24.4

539.025.166.373.640.770.060.3

134.953.511.4


68




B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Mining

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Construction

Jan. Dec. Jan.1987P

New Mexico....Albuquerque .Las Cruces ..=Santa Fe

New YorkAlbany-Schenectady-Troy .BinghamtonBuffaloElmiraGlens FallsNassau-SuffolkNew York PMSANew York CityNiagara FallsOrange CountyPougnkeepsieRochesterRockland CountySyracuseUtica-RomeWestchester County

North CarolinaAshevilleCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock HillGreensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point..Raleigh-Durham

North DakotaBismarckFargo-Moorhead.Grand Forks

OhioAkronCantonCincinnatiClevelandColumbusDayton-Springfield....ToledoYoungstown-Warren.

OklahomaEnidLawtonOklahoma City.Tulsa

OregonEugene-Springfield.PortlandSalem

PennsylvaniaAllentown-BethlehemAltoonaBeaver CountyErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle....JohnstownLancasterPhiladelphia PMSAPhiladelphia CityPittsburgh

521.0222.138.851.5

7,691.4380.1115.9406.3

34.541.1

1,062.53,979.23,479.4

75.292.4

112.9447.1

93.2285.9113.4390.1

2,673.874.2

529.2441.9362.9

243.735.066.827.0

4,352.2254.2148.9630.1859.3609.4409.9265.8183.6

1,149.423.633.7

418.6300.8

1,020.896.2

520.086.6

4,670.8259.347.050.5

107.5275.3

73.3164.0

2,042.3750.5824.7

535.3230.542.653.8

8,074.3398.3119.2430.2

37.144.5

1,132.54,130.43,602.7

79.098.0

117.2460.1

97.5298.7120.1412.9

2,796.876.4

554.6454.0379.0

249.736.470.329.4

4,569.4266.4154.4669.1896.5650.5432.1283.4192.5

1,142.821.933.1

408.1301.3

1,072.8101.1535.1

89.6

4,876.5267.449.950.3

111.1289.4

76.5177.0

2,152.6778.9852.0

526.6226.642.053.2

7,865.5390.1116.3415.6

36.343.3

1,094.74,048.83,536.3

75.994.9

113.5449.5

95.1292.4116.5400.3

2,757.674.8

548.1450.1373.2

243.535.769.028.0

4,464.2259.3151.2651.7876.8636.9423.9275.9188.6

1,127.521.633.0

399.7300.5

1,052.199.5

526.688.7

4,753.2261.548.249.3

108.0285.0

75.4172.9

2,110.1762.6834.3

20.1.2.1.1

5.4.2

.31.4.9

.2

.1

.3

4.6.1.4.3.3

6.1.2

24.7.8

1.2.3

1.21.0.3.2.6

61.71.8.3

15.818.6

1.3.1.5.1

33.6

)

A3.6

.31.1

14.7.2.1.1

5.6.2

0

.21.3.7

.2

.1

.3

4.7.1.3.3.3

4.1.2

21.8.7

1.1.3

1.1.9.4.2.6

53.11.2

.212.317.4

1.3.2.5.1

32.1.5

.3

.43.8

.41.1

6.7

U.I1.1.1

5.1.2

.21.4

.1

.3

4.7.1.3.3.3

3.9

21.2.7

1.1.3

1.0.8.4.2.5

53.31.2.2

12.317.5

1.2.1.5.1

31.3

.43.8

.31.1

!)6.6

33.816.32.33.1

267.313.94.7

11.71.11.4

47.1133.7106.3

2.03.54.9

13.24.0

14.22.6

22.4

148.33.5

29.823.323.2

7.71.22.41.0

133.87.14.3

22.323.020.212.17.85.2

40.1.9

1.414.112.6

30.72.7

17.52.7

164.39.21.83.32.49.22.18.1

77.416.332.3

34.216.82.53.2

319.517.65.2

14.41.52.1

57.8149.3115.9

2.74.36.3

16.55.0

14.83.2

27.0

160.23.8

31.223.624.1

9.11.43.01.3

163.18.95.8

27.725.125.116.010.16.8

39.7.8

1.313.812.3

31.02.8

17.82.5

206.711.62.64.03.3

11.32.69.4

99.218.940.2

32.816.42.53.1

291.216.04.7

11.81.21.5

51.5138.9109.3

2.33.95.6

14.54.4

13.52.8

24.0

155.93.4

31.323.323.9

7.91.22.61.1

144.57.94.9

25.022.522.814.59.06.1

38.2.8

1.413.212.2

29.22.7

17.12.5

182.210.72.23.62.9

10.72.29.1

93.117.336.4


69




(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P


Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P


Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

New Mexico....Albuquerque .Las Cruces ...Santa Fe

New YorkAlbany-Schenectady-Troy .BinghamtonBuffalo ...ElmiraGlens FallsNassau-SuffolkNew York PMSANew York City...Niagara FallsOrange CountyPougnkeepsieRochesterRockland CountySyracuseUtica-RomeWestchester County

North CarolinaAshevilleCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock HillGreensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.,Raleigh-Durham

North DakotaBismarckFargo-MoorheadGrand Forks

OhioAkronCantonCincinnatiClevelandColumbusDayton-SpringfieldToledoYoungstown-Warren

OklahomaEnidLawtonOklahoma CityTulsa


PennsylvaniaAllentown-BethlehemAltoonaBeaver CountyErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-Carliste.JohnstownLancasterPhiladelphia PMSAPhiladelphia CityPittsburgh

36.919.23.21.6

1,252.750.538.576.46.79.7

179.7473.3388.6

24.714.633.3

143.616.055.224.467.0

827.221.1

145.7151.659.9

14.81.84.51.4

1,113.566.644.1

148.5206.8106.0105.365.252.6

168.21.73.4

51.452.3

190.817.591.411.1

1,058.582.410.511.535.851.111.856.4

387.0100.3134.6

37.819.63.71.6

1,235.048.837.376.1

7.010.3

181.2469.6384.3

24.214.931.6

135.315.953.924.067.6

836.620.0

148.6151.858.6

15.41.94.81.4

1,106.367.042.8

148.6205.4105.9106.563.052.2

159.51.53.3

49.250.8

192.718.387.911.2

1,035.777.010.89.7

34.751.012.659.4

381.099.4

125.6

37.019.33.61.6

1,215.848.037.175.3

7.010.2

180.3460.5375.7

24.214.431.3

134.315.854.023.867.2

834.419.9

149.0151.258.4

15.11.84.81.5

1,096.466.842.7

144.7203.8105.3105.862.951.4

157.91.53.3

48.850.8

189.218.187.310.8

1,026.476.210.29.6

34.550.712.559.0

378.098.8

124.1

29.612.21.31.3

403.716.04.1

21.01.31.3

45.8247.4222.5

3.45.43.3

13.74.2

15.84.6

20.1

129.33.5

45.424.117.2

16.12.84.21.5

198.012.75.7

32.940.325.414.213.57.4

64.62.31.4

21.122.1

55.84.1

32.92.5

237.313.74.75.04.0

17.65.06.8

94.444.644.8

29.612.71.31.2

411.216.84.1

22.01.31.3

47.8245.2219.6

3.65.83.4

14.04.2

17.24.8

20.8

135.73.6

47.525.018.3

15.82.74.31.5

211.513.26.0

34.542.528.415.214.58.2

63.42.21.4

20.122.8

58.64.1

33.22.6

244.614.44.95.24.0

18.35.07.2

98.645.844.9

29.112.51.31.2

401.516.44.1

21.41.31.3

47.1240.5215.5

3.45.63.3

13.94.2

16.64.7

20.2

131.83.6

46.223.818.0

15.52.64.21.4

204.812.95.8

33.741.427.014.714.17.9

63.32.21.4

20.022.9

56.84.0

32.22.5

239.014.04.95.13.9

17.95.07.0

96.745.943.7

123.556.87.59.8

1,628.582.324.0

102.59.79.3

287.3754.1632.8

16.924.220.393.222.167.524.895.1

589.216.7

125.598.273.7

65.19.5

19.77.7

1,030.961.436.9

160.3209.5151.890.964.745.1

279.16.68.8

106.273.0

256.324.8

137.219.9

1,064.056.312.110.923.062.015.540.1

476.0145.9207.3

131.560.3

8.210.7

1,753.888.726.1

110.210.510.5

315.0790.4659.7

18.026.722.1

100.823.872.427.2

102.5

633.817.8

134.3102.979.1

67.69.9

20.98.3

1,114.267.140.0

173.7222.1164.899.570.448.0

283.96.38.8

101.374.2

278.326.2

145.721.4

1,146.461.612.911.324.667.016.443.1

513.1155.2222.3

127.158.47.9

10.4

1,665.785.025.3

106.110.210.2

296.3760.6636.6

17.425.521.196.622.970.725.996.8

615.417.2

129.5102.475.2

65.09.5

20.27.9

1,067.864.038.6

168.1212.9157.495.467.046.4

277.46.18.7

98.173.6

267.425.6

140.820.9

1,097.459.812.411.223.165.515.841.9

495.4148.1214.2


70





(In thousands)

State and area


Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Services

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.198?

Government

Jan.1986

Dec. Jan.1987P

New Mexico....Albuquerque .Las Cruces...Santa Fe

New YorkAlbany-Schenectady-Troy.BinghamtonBuffaloElmiraGlens FallsNassau-SuffolkNew York PMSANew York CityNiagara FallsOrange CountyPougnkeepsieRochesterRockland CountySyracuseUtica-RomeWestchester County

North CarolinaAshevilleCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock HillGreensboro-Winston-Salem-High PointRaleigh-Durham

North DakotaBismarckFargo-Moorhead.Grand Forks


OklahomaEnidLawtonOklahoma CityTulsa


PennsylvaniaAllentown-BethlehemAltoonaBeaver CountyErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-CarlisleJohnstownLancasterPhiladelphia PMSAPhiladelphia CityPittsburgh

26.313.9

1.62.0

735.020.6

3.823.4

1.21.8

67.8545.0516.4

1.83.93.8

19.83.6

18.56.2

24.4

113.12.6

31.220.520.3

12.31.64.21.1

223.49.76.3

36.549.851.216.810.57.7

63.01.21.5

26.717.5

66.94.5

42.35.1

267.010.2

1.41.75.0

15.34.66.2

146.467.250.2

27.014.5

1.62.1

765.021.6

3.925.1

1.21.9

72.9563.0532.5

1.84.14.2

20.93.8

19.06.4

26.2

121.82.7

33.521.822.6

12.51.64.31.2

237.110.36.5

39.053.455.117.711.48.2

62.41.01.5

25.817.3

71.34.6

43.65.4

282.310.4

1.51.75.1

16.14.96.6

156.170.452.1

27.014.6

1.62.1

764.921.7

3.824.9

1.21.9

72.8562.1532.0

1.74.04.2

20.83.7

18.86.4

25.8

121.92.6

33.621.822.8

12.41.64.31.2

236.310.26.6

38.753.154.817.611.28.2

62.21.01.5

25.817.4

70.64.6

43.35.6

281.410.4

1.51.74.9

16.04.96.6

155.970.552.6

114.759.45.6

12.5

2,045.491.520.6

100.78.59.0

259.41,183.31,050.1

14.719.723.4

101.522.366.423.5

106.4

432.315.191.973.482.3

58.210.018.15.9

949.753.732.2

145.2214.2137.097.163.241.1

220.15.35.6

84.667.8

219.220.5

122.917.0

1,171.657.8

9.610.524.255.518.331.9

564.2236.3245.3

118.561.7

6.213.3

2,176.295.021.2

108.69.09.0

275.91,247.11,107.0

16.220.325.5

106.923.270.524.9

112.3

461.715.997.375.888.7

59.410.318.86.3

1,017.455.233.7

157.5229.2149.8102.970.943.5

224.75.25.3

86.369.3

235.022.0

130.018.4

1,241.461.810.110.725.559.218.935.2

603.1249.8256.3

118.661.3

6.113.1

2,136.595.020.9

104.69.09.2

269.11,226.61,088.5

15.220.224.1

105.923.068.724.3

110.5

455.615.697.275.087.8

59.110.318.76.2

1,006.554.733.3

154.7226.1149.2102.270.143.5

222.25.15.3

84.669.2

233.922.1

129.318.0

1,222.360.210.010.725.158.718.934.2

591.3243.1254.7

136.144.117.221.1

1,353.5105.020.170.3

6.18.5

175.2641.0561.9

11.621.124.061.521.048.127.354.5

429.811.559.350.686.0

63.47.9

13.78.4

678.042.118.284.2

114.6116.773.140.623.9

252.63.8

11.398.736.9

199.822.075.328.2

674.529.2

6.97.6

12.864.212.414.2

295.8139.9103.4

142.044.719.021.6

1,407.9109.621.573.3

6.69.2

181.8664.5583.0

12.321.924.164.621.550.829.556.3

442.412.461.852.787.2

65.88.4

14.29.4

698.044.018.487.7

117.8120.573.842.825.0

256.13.7

11.399.337.2

204.622.976.428.0

687.330.1

7.17.7

13.666.112.315.7

300.4139.4103.9

140.343.918.921.6

1,384.8107.920.371.1

6.48.9

177.4658.2577.9

11.621.323.962.721.049.828.655.5

437.912.360.852.286.9

64.68.5

14.28.7

42.018.386.5

116.0119.673.241.424.6

253.03.7

11.296.936.9

203.822.376.128.3

673.229.8

7.07.4

13.365.112.314.8

298.6138.9102.0


71



B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued

(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Mining

Jan.1986

Dec. Jan.1987P

Construction

Jan. Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Pennsylvania-ContinuedReading

Scranton-Wilkes-BarreSharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork

Rhode IslandPawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro .Providence

South CarolinaCharlestonColumbiaGreenville-Spartanburg.,

South Dakota .Rapid CitySioux Falls....

TennesseeChattanoogaJohnson City-Kingsport-Bristol..KnoxvilleMemphis...,Nashville

TexasAbileneAmarilloAustinBeaumont-Port ArthurBrazoriaBrownsville-HarlingenBryan-College Station ..=Corpus ChristiDallasEl PasoFt. Worth-ArlingtonGalveston-Texas CityHoustonKilleen-TempleLaredoLongview-MarshallLubbockMcAllen-Edinburg-MissionMidlandOdessaSan AngeloSan AntonioSherman-DenisonTexarkanaTylerVictoriaWacoWichita Falls

UtahProvo-OremSalt Lake City-Ogden .

VermontBarre-Montpelier.Burlington

140.6272.038.848.045.5

160.3

427.5127.0299.7

1,301.1174.8210.7287.6

242.531.561.5

1,870.2176.3151.9233.9390.0439.6

6,648.354.179.5

362.1131.758.665.448.7

131.71,336.6

182.0507.870.1

1,451.066.734.867.490.687.449.551.037.8

489.037.845.361.729.278.151.3

622.671.6

432.9

227.830.268.9

148.3284.240.651.548.0

166.6

452.2133.3319.9

1,357.9183.9213.3305.3

252.333.662.7

1,982.5181.9156.4238.4412.4459.9

6,538.850.378.7

364.4129.656.865.947.9

129.21,333.0

185.5515.270.1

1,389.368.335.065.592.788.144.544.137.3

497.338.245.761.328.479.150.3

644.075.1

450.0

241.532.373.0

146.0277.8

39.048.847.2

164.4

438.1129.5310.6

1,345.6182.4212.4302.3

246.232.761.9

1,960.7180.8155.3237.8411.3450.9

6,471.849.777.8

361.2126.555.465.646.1

128.71,319.7

183.3509.969.2

1,370.167.735.165.189.989.044.343.336.7

493.138.145.260.828.177.649.9

631.173.5

440.5

238.231.671.4

0.8.2.2

2.4.2

7.5.9.1

2.2.1

248.03.71.71.12.42.0

.11.07.5

23.6.2

4.2.7

83.3.1

2.04.6

.51.5

11.58.9

.93.2

.2

.12.52.6

.12.9

0.8.2.2

.2

.1

.1

1.6

2.5

7.1.9.2

2.1.1.9

191.42.31.41.01.51.3.1.8

6.319.3

.23.4

.464.8

.11.73.6

.31.28.86.1

.62.6

.2

.11.81.9.1

2.0

I1)

0.7.2.2

.1

.1

.1

1.6

2.4.3

7.1.8.2

2.1.1.7

191.02.31.31.01.61.3.1.8

6.219.1

.23.4

.463.6

.11.83.5

.31.19.06.1

.62.8

.1

.11.91.9

.12.0

8.5

0)2.6

.3

.1

5.18.3

.71.41.37.3

14.23.4

10.6

84.113.613.620.8

6.91.71.8

83.27.05.5

11.117.626.0

426.72.74.2

25.08.66.03.02.48.5

88.49.7

32.34.9

98.23.81.43.34.24.62.03.32.2

36.71.72.23.22.14.02.2

29.32.7

20.5

13.31.64.1

5.911.0

1.21.61.88.7

17.63.9

15.1

14.014.423.0

8.62.21.9

94.56.65.5

12.019.329.4

385.82.34.0

21.97.55.62.82.18.0

72.19.7

29.43.7

86.23.71.33.23.34.71.62.52.0

32.81.71.42.81.83.82.0

30.52.8

21.8

15.01.94.1

5.78.9

.81.41.58.0

15.83.7

14.0

86.713.914.522.6

7.52.11.8

91.56.74.9

11.619.028.0

378.92.33.9

21.77.35.52.82.18.0

70.19.4

29.54.5

84.13.81.33.13.24.71.62.42.0

32.11.81.42.81.83.82.0

26.92.4

19.5

14.31.73.9


72





(In thousands)

State and area


Scranton-Wilkes-BarreSharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork . . . .

Rhode IslandPawtucket-Woonsocket-AttleboroProvidence

South CarolinaCharleston . .ColumbiaGreenville—Spartsnburg

South DakotaRapid City . .Sioux Falls

TennesseeChattanooeaJohnson City—Kingsport—Bristol . .KnoxvilleMemphisNashville

TexasAbileneAmarilloAustinBeaumont-Port ArthurBrazoriaBrownsville—HdrlingenBryan-College StationCorpus ChristiDallas . .El PasoFt Worth-ArlingtonGalveston-Texas CityHoustonKiileen—TempleLaredoLongview-MarshallLubBockMcAllen—Edinburg—MissionMidlandOdessaSan AngeloSan AntonioSherman-DenisonTexarkanaTylerVictoriaWacoWichita Falls

Utah .. .Provo-OremSalt Lake City-Ogden

VermontBarre-MontpelierBurlinston

Jan.1986

48.872.0

9.57.7

14.457.8

117.954.874.6

363.419.611196.5

27.32.88.5

485.643.752.651.149.988.9

976.95.29.5

41.026.016.39.53.4

12.62284

36.21146

9.5164 9

8.620

15.877

12.1384.85.6

49.611.7

7.211.42.9

16.280

92.211.262.1

48.94.1

16.9

Manufacturing

Dec.1986

48.772.8

9.07.0

15.257.4

120.756.275.1

364.120.328.098.8

28.93.18.5

496.643.752.050.451.489.9

944.84.99.8

39.824.815.29.92.8

11.8224.1

35.2114.9

9.2147 9

8.418

14.873

12.33 13.65.9

47 011.1

7.211.13.1

15.28.1

90.610.161.6

50.74.5

16.7

Jan.1987P

48.1721

8.77.0

15.257.2

118.555.274.0

364.120.328.298.4

28.73.18.4

492.243.951.950.951.388.8

941.04.89.8

39.624.015.09.72.9

11.8223.8

34.3112 5

9.01469

8.618

14.972

13.03 13.75.8

46 611.1

7.111.02.8

14.88.1

89.29.8

60.8

49.34.2

16.8


Jan.1986

6.214.42.01.21.96.9

14.03.4

10.9

55.89.09.9

10.0

12.71.94.7

93.48.56.28.9

33.821.6

375.72.66.3

11.210.12.53.31.67.6

85.69.9

26.24.7

97.62.83.93.44.82.82.52.33.4

19.22.01.93.01.63.42.7

37.52.4

29.1

9.4.8

2.9

Dec.1986

6.715.1

1.91.31.97.0

14.83.5

11.6

56.993

10.010.8

12.81.94.7

98.08.76.29.0

36.721.9

374.62.56.0

11.49.52.23.21.67.1

86.710.227.34.8

92.52.84.03.14.72.82.22.23.2

1802.11.82.71.63.52.6

37.92.6

29.3

9.8.9

3.0

Jan.1987P

6.514.8

1.81.31.86.8

14.63.5

11.4

56.09.2

10.010.9

12.51.84.7

96.98.76.18.9

36.721.8

374.22.55.9

11.49.52.23.11.67.1

86.310.127.44.4

92.02.74.03.14.52.82.22.03.2

18.02.11.82.71.53.52.6

37.52.6

29.0

9.8.8

3.0


Jan.1986

30.260.910.08.7

10.237.8

94.729.765.0

276.042 546.765.0

62.59.0

16.5

435.140.033.557.6

1081107.5

1,690.814.923.881.131.811.217.810.833.8

358.444.7

136.113.3

370.315.910.317.327.426.211314.69.6

126.18.2

10.916.68.2

18.512.5

147.815.0

108.4

50.86.4

15.6

Dec.1986

32.964.411.09.8

11.040.4

102.832.171.0

301.745.946.770.6

66.19.9

16.7

470.442.736.157.7

114.7111.5

1,699.514.223.783.332.911.317.811.034.6

363.646.5

139.013.8

365.316.710.417.528.925.811.013.59.6

132.98.9

11.516.68.1

19.412.5

159.516.7

117.3

54.67.0

16.8

Jan.1987P

32.562.210.79.3

10.739.4

97.130.367.6

294.445.246.369.2

63.79.5

16.1

461.541.435.157.1

110.2110.9

1,659.813.823.181.331.410.717.810.734.3

356.645.4

136.113.2

352.116.210.217.327.725.910.613.09.2

130.28.9

11.316.58.2

18.912.3

152.915.9

112.7

53.76.9

16.2


73




(In thousands)

State and area


Jan.1986

6.911.31.31.52.14.6

24.23.3

20.1

58.47.7

17.111.4

14.01.66.0

91.010.64.88.8

22.030.1

446.22.64.4

25.05.62.23.51.96.9

131.19.5

28.24.5

106.33.01.63.25.23.93.11.81.8

37.91.41.93.81.74.72.4

31.82.1

26.2

10.32.73.1

Dec.1986

7.512.21.41.62.24.8

25.13.5

21.6

61.68.7

17.311.5

14.11.65.8

94.611.64.98.4

23.330.7

444.92.64.3

25.75.62.03.31.76.9

133.19.6

28.64.6

101.53.01.63.45.43.92.91.61.8

38.91.41.93.81.54.82.4

33.22.3

27.3

11.32.93.3

Jan.1987P

7.412.11.31.62.24.9

25.13.5

21.6

62.08.6

17.011.5

14.21.65.8

93.411.74.88.3

23.230.3

443.42.64.3

25.65.52.03.31.76.9

132.29.8

28.54.6

100.83.01.63.35.33.92.91.61.8

38.61.41.93.61.54.82.4

33.12.3

27.1

11.43.03.3

Jan.1986

27.563.89.98.49.2

27.9

104.122.575.2

211.134.538.045.3

58.57.8

16.7

363.734.226.046.689.7

100.5

1,360.513.915.881.827.37.9

12.97.7

27.4281.7

33.6103.6

12.2341.2

13.05.6

11.519.613.79.27.87.6

110.47.58.8

12.65.8

19.110.9

134.324.891.6

57.26.5

15.8

Services

Dec.1986

29.466.410.69.19.4

29.9

112.024.081.3

223.036.339.149.1

59.68.0

17.6

397.435.126.548.097.3

108.8

1,359.813.116.183.427.57.7

13.47.7

27.3284.9

35.3109.5

12.8342.0

13.86.0

11.520.913.78.67.27.5

115.87.69.1

13.65.9

19.711.1

140.526.895.5

58.96.9

17.6

Jan.1987P

28.966.110.48.89.3

29.8

108.223.378.1

222.236.239.348.6

58.97.8

17.7

393.234.626.347.997.2

104.0

1,349.913.116.083.227.27.7

13.47.6

27.3283.0

35.3109.3

12.7341.2

13.86.0

11.420.613.98.67.17.5

115.37.69.0

13.46.0

19.411.1

140.226.894.4

60.87.0

17.6

Jan.1986

15.940.55.2

18.96.4

17.6

58.39.8

43.2

250.747.857.438.3

58.26.57.3

310.631.423.247.768.864.3

1,123.58.5

13.895.919.910.515.319.927.4

139.438.262.620.3

189.219.58.08.3

21.222.66.17.56.7

105.95.1

12.38.64.3

12.19.7

140.813.493.0

37.57.9

10.5

Government

Dec.1986

17.241.55.3

20.96.5

18.0

59.010.044.1

261.049.357.541.2

59.76.67.4

323.932.625.050.869.666.8

1,138.08.4

13.497.920.311.515.420.2111

149.238.863.120.8

189.119.88.28.4

21.923.76.37.46.7

109.35.2

12.78.94.5

12.69.6

143.413.894.8

40.78.0

11.5

Jan.1987P

16.940.95.1

19.26.5

17.9

58.79.9

43.8

258.648.956.840.8

58.36.67.4

324.933.026.051.073.666.4

1,133.68.3

13.597.420.011.015.418.727.1

148.638.863.220.4

189.419.58.48.5

21.123.76.37.46.6

109.55.1

12.68.94.4

12.39.4

142.913.794.4

38.67.9

10.6


Scranton-Wilkes-Barre.,SharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork

Rhode IslandPawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro.Providence

South CarolinaCharlestonColumbiaGreenville-Spartanburg.

South DakotaRapid CitySioux Falls

TennesseeChattanoogaJohnson City-Kingsport-Bristol.KnoxvilleMemphisNashville

TexasAbileneAmarilloAustinBeaumont-Port ArthurBrazoriaBrownsville-HarlingenBryan-College StationCorpus ChristiDallasEl PasoFt. Worth-ArlingtonGalveston-Texas CityHoustonKilleen-TempleLaredoLongview-MarshallLubbockMcAllen-Edinburg-Mission .MidlandOdessaSan AngeloSan AntonioSherman-DenisonTexarkanaTylerVictoriaWacoWichita Falls

UtahProvo-OremSalt Lake City-Ogden ,

VermontBarre-Montpelier.Burlington


74





(In thousands)

State and area

Total

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Mining

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Construction

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

VirginiaBristolCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News..Northern VirginiaRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke

Washington.Seattle

West VirginiaCharlestonHuntington-AshlandParkersburg-MariettaWheeling

WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh-Neenah.Eau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa Crosse..,MadisonMilwaukeeRacineSheboyganWausau

Wyoming

Puerto RicoCaguasMayaguezPonceSan Juan

Virgin Islands


2,469.929.460.238.569.5

513.2631.0405.2114.9

1,710.9860.5

583.8105.198.656.654.8

1,952.7135.549.888.152.535.348.0

185.8660.3

67.243.242.8

199.3

695.042.950.844.9

430.2

37.2

2,626.530.663.739.672.1

539.0676.4425.3120.1

1,791.6908.0

599.6108.1102.458.956.8

2,042.8140.455.991.953.238.349.1

194.1689.9

69.445.245.4

191.2

734.444.052.446.8

453.9

37.9

2,575.430.062.539.070.4

527.0662.6421.9118.4

1,767.1896.1

587.3106.399.857.855.9

1,992.8136.953.689.152.237.748.0

189.6678.3

68.044.544.3

185.9

723.243.351.845.8

446.1

37.9

16.6.1.1.1.1.1.5.3.1

2.6.5

42.92.61.01.02.5

1.3

PII

(J)0

23.0

16.0.1.1.1.1.1.5.3.2

2.8.6

37.72.11.0.8

2.3

1.800

18.1

0

16.0.1.1.1.1.1.4.3.2

2.8.6

36.82.11.1.7

2.4

1.500

17.2

150.2.8

3.11.32.7

34.643.423.0

6.0

74.140.9

18.33.53.32.21.4

54.65.11.33.31.11.01.15.7

17.81.51.31.3

17.3

23.1

2.217.6

2.1

171.0.9

3.51.33.2

36.947.325.36.8

83.544.9

23.24.63.62.81.6

63.35.11.52.81.31.1

.95.6

20.62.51.31.3

12.4

31.7

3.224.3

2.6

163.3.7

3.51.13.0

35.444.824.76.3

80.142.6

20.74.13.22.51.4

57.45.11.32.41.31.01.05.1

19.22.21.21.2

11.1

31.4

o0

3.224.1

2.4

75




(In thousands)

State and area

Manufacturing

Jan.1986

421.29.58.6

16.524.468.133.462.820.7

297.4167.2

86.412.819.414.37.5

502.448.09.5

23.717.79.7

10.320.4

169.225.218.311.3

7.8

146.814.519.99.5

63.8

1.8

Dec.1986

425.39.48.7

16.724.367.635.163.220.6

302.1174.7

86.812.519.714.06.3

509.748.110.323.916.711.310.121.4

167.924.318.812.2

8.2

150.214.920.49.0

65.2

1.8

Jan.1987P

423.89.58.7

16.724.366.634.363.220.6

300.0175.1

86.312.219.413.96.3

504.447.79.9

23.516.411.39.9

21.4166.724.118.812.0

8.0

148.114.920.18.5

64.2

1.7


Jan.1986

133.41.12.1.9

2.825.543.721.79.0

94.456.3

36.88.47.42.03.0

91.65.22.86.32.01.32.46.3

34.82.31.42.6

14.5

15.1])1l)

11.9

2.4

Dec.1986

141.61.22.11.02.9

25.847.522.19.0

95.657.9

36.48.27.42.03.0

93.95.42.96.51.91.42.36.6

36.02.41.52.6

14.1

15.9I1)1I1)

12.0

2.5

Jan.1987P

140.11.22.11.02.8

25.447.522.18.9

94.757.6

35.88.17.22.03.0

90.85.12.96.51.81.42.26.5

34.62.21.42.7

13.9

15.7

e1(l

11.9

2.5


Jan.1986

555.57.7

11.67.9

13.2124.6147.998.330.6

418.4213.4

131.927.325.113.814.4

458.328.514.123.112.87.9

13.140.3

148.515.28.2

10.6

44.5

124.58.36.97.4

85.8

8.6

Dec.1986

616.18.4

12.28.4

13.8136.7162.1104.733.0

447.3229.1

140.728.526.914.516.0

494.431.116.724.413.68.6

14.045.4

161.816.78.7

11.7

44.8

135.98.77.68.2

93.3

8.7

Jan.1987P

586.58.1

11.78.0

13.2131.2155.0102.332.0

435.9223.7

135.527.825.414.215.5

473.129.316.023.413.28.2

13.841.9

157.716.18.5

11.2

43.9

128.28.27.27.6

87.4

8.7

VirginiaBristolCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport NewsNorthern VirginiaRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke

WashingtonSeattle


WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh-NeenahEau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukeeRacineSheboyganWausau

Wyoming

Puerto RicoCaguasMayaguezPonceSan Juan

Virgin islands


76





(In thousands)

State and area


Jan. Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Services

Jan. Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Government

Jan. Dec. Jan.1987P

VirginiaBristolCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News....Northern VirginiaRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke

WashingtonSeattle

West VirginiaCharlestonHuntington-Ashland....Parkersburg-Marietta.Wheeling

WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh-Neenah...Eau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukeeRacineSheboyganWausau

Wyoming

Puerto Rico.CaguasMayaguez..PonceSan Juan ...

Virgin Islands.

124.6.9

2.81.13.2

22.837.532.4

7.4

102.164.2

23.25.94.02.12.6

104.56.81.83.11.61.01.4

16.145.0

2.12.03.3

31.9

"as1.6

133.6.9

3.11.23.3

24.441.433.4

8.1

106.066.7

24.16.04.32.12.6

109.77.11.83.21.61.11.5

17.147.4

2.22.13.4

33.4

fi1.6

133.3.9

3.01.13.3

24.141.333.7

8.0

106.166.3

24.16.04.32.12.6

109.47.11.83.21.71.11.4

17.147.0

2.12.03.4

33.7

LL1.6

546.64.2

10.05.7

13.4111.7188.479.025.6

375.8192.0

118.423.719.111.914.4

417.825.110.718.010.58.2

12.339.0

164.413.06.87.7

31.3

95.1

7.870.4

7.8

590.74.5

10.95.7

14.4121.3202.4

85.326.9

399.9203.1

121.624.920.113.015.6

438.026.611.920.011.18.5

13.139.8

173.413.17.27.9

31.9

101.9

I 8.174.4

8.0

585.24.4

10.85.7

14.2118.7201.084.726.7

395.6201.6

121.524.720.012.915.6

431.826.212.019.310.98.4

12.940.1

171.512.87.1

7.8

31.4

101.4

I 8.174.0

8.5

521.85.1

22.05.19.6

125.7136.287.515.5

346.1126.0

125.920.919.39.39.0

322.216.79.8

10.56.86.17.3

57.980.5

8.05.26.0

52.9

257.714.716.215.1

154.4

12.9

532.25.3

23.05.3

10.0126.2140.290.815.5

354.4131.0

129.121.319.49.79.4

331.917.110.811.07.06.47.3

57.982.18.35.66.1

53.6

264.614.916.215.3

157.0

12.7

527.25.3

22.65.39.6

125.4138.390.915.7

351.9128.6

126.621.319.29.59.1

324.416.49.7

10.76.96.36.8

57.381.3

8.35.55.9

52.4

263.814.916.215.3

156.6

12.5

Not available.Combined with construction.= preliminary.

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All State andarea data have been adjusted to March 1986 benchmarks.

77


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS

C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagriculturalpayrolls by major industry, 1964 to date

Year andmonth

Total private1

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Mining

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Construction

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Annual averages

196419651966196719681969

1970197119721973197419751976197719781979

1980198119821983198419851986


1987:January"....February" ..

$2.362.462.562.682.853.04

3.233.453.703.944.244.534.865.255.696.16

6.667.257.688.028.328.578.75

$91.3395.4598.82

101.84107.73114.61

119.83127.31136.90145.39154.76163.53175.45189.00203.70219.91

235.10255.20267.26280.70292.86299.09304.50

41.942.342.742.642.643.0

42.742.442.642.441.941.942.443.443.443.0

43.343.742.742.543.343.442.3

$2.812.923.053.193.353.60

3.854.064.444.755.235.956.466.947.678.49

9.1710.0410.7711.2811.6311.9812.45

$117.74123.52130.24135.89142.71154.80

164.40172.14189.14201.40219.14249.31273.90301.20332.88365.07

397.06438.75459.88479.40503.58519.93526.64

37.237.437.637.737.337.9

37.337.236.536.836.636.436.836.536.837.0

37.036.936.737.137.837.737.5

$3.553.703.894.114.414.79

5.245.696.066.416.817.317.718.108.669.27

9.9410.8211.6311.9412.1312.3112.42

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

34.434.734.634.734.935.035.134.834.734.734.9

34.434.6

$8.748.738.728.728.718.698.708.818.818.858.83

8.878.89

$300.66302.93301.71302.58303.98304.15305.37306.59305.71307.10308.17

305.13307.59

42.442.342.041.842.041.642.342.342.241.642.6

42.442.5

$12.3212.3512.4312.4412.5012.4612.5112.5212.5112.5712.60

12.6212.51

$522.37522.41522.06519.99525.00518.34529.17529.60527.92522.91536.76

535.09531.68

$132.06138.38146.26154.95164.49181.54

195.45211.67221.19235.89249.25266.08283.73295.65318.69342.99

367.78399.26426.82442.97458.51464.09465.75

35.236.437.637.937.838.338.438.538.036.536.9

37.336.8

$12.3512.2212.2912.3312.3112.3112.3912.5412.6212.5912.70

12.5312.48

$434.72444.81462.10467.31465.32471.47475.78482.79479.56459.54468.63

467.37459.26


79



C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagrlculturalpayrolls by major Industry, 1964 to date—Continued

Year andmonth

Manufacturing

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Hourlyearnings,excludingovertime

Weeklyearnings

Transportation and publicutilities

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Wholesale trade

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Annual averages

196419651966196719681969

1970197119721973197419751976197719781979

1980198119821983198419851986

1986:February ....MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptember.OctoberNovember..December..

1987:Januan/February"...

40.741.241.440.640.740.6

39.839.940.540.740.039.540.140.340.440.2

39.739.838.940.140.740.540.7

$2.532.612.712.823.013.19

3.353.573.824.094.424.835.225.686.176.70

7.277.998.498.839.199.539.73

$2.432.502.592.712.883.05

3.233.453.663.914.254.675.025.445.916.43

7.027.728.258.528.829.169.33

$102.97107.53112.19114.49122.51129.51

133.33142.44154.71166.46176.80190.79209.32228.90249.27269.34

288.62318.00330.26354.08374.03385.97396.01

41.141.341.240.540.640.7

40.540.140.440.540.239.739.839.940.039.9

39.639.439.039.039.439.539.2

$2.893.033.113.233.423.63

3.854.214.655.025.415.886.456.997.578.16

8.879.70

10.3210.7911.1211.4011.63

$118.78125.14128.13130.82138.85147.74

155.93168.82187.86203.31217.48233.44256.71278.90302.80325.58

351.25382.18402.48420.81438.13450.30455.90

40.740.840.740.340.140.2

39.939.539.439.338.838.738.738.838.838.8

38.538.538.338.538.538.438.4

$2.522.612.732.883.053.23

3.443.653.854.084.394.735.035.395.886.39

6.967.568.098.558.899.169.35


40.340.740.540.640.840.240.741.040.841.041.6

40.840.7

$9.709.729.709.719.709.749.689.739.729.779.84

9.839.85

$9.339.339.339.349.329.359.279.319.319.369.41

9.449.45

$390.91395.60392.85394.23395.76391.55393.98398.93396.58400.57409.34

401.06400.90

39.239.439.039.039.439.439.439.139.139.339.2

38.739.2

$11.6411.6211.5511.5411.5711.6111.6111.7011.6811.7511.71

11.6711.76

$456.29457.83450.45450.06455.86457.43457.43457.47456.69461.78459.03

451.63460.99

38.038.338.338.438.538.538.538.338.438.438.4

38.138.1

$9.369.339.299.299.329.309.329.379.359.469.47

9.489.50

$102.56106.49111.11116.06122.31129.85

137.26144.18151.69160.34170.33183.05194.66209.13228.14247.93

267.96291.06309.85329.18342.27351.74359.04

$355.68357.34355.81356.74358.82358.05358.82358.87359.04363.26363.65

361.19361.95


80



C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagriculturalpayrolls by major Industry, 1964 to date—Continued

Year andmonth

Retail trade

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings


Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Services

Weeklyhours

Hourlyearnings

Weeklyearnings

Annual averages

196419651966196719681969

1970197119721973197419751976197719781979

1980198119821983198419851986


1987:January"....February".,

$64.7566.6168.5770.9574.9578.66

82.4787.6291.8596.32

102.68108.86114.60121.66130.20138.62

147.38158.03163.85171.05174.33174.64175.78

37.337.237.337.137.037.1

36.736.636.636.636.536.536.436.436.436.2

36.236.336.236.236.536.436.5

$2.302.392.472.582.752.93

3.073.223.363.533.774.064.274.544.895.27

5.796.316.787.297.637.948.34

$85.7988.9192.1395.72

101.75108.70

112.67117.85122.98129.20137.61148.19155.43165.26178.00190.77

209.60229.05245.44263.90278.50289.02304.41

36.135.935.535.134.734.7

34.433.933.933.833.633.533.333.032.832.7

32.632.632.632.732.632.532.5

$1.942.052.172.292.422.61

2.813.043.273.473.754.024.314.654.995.36

5.856.416.927.317.597.898.16


28.628.928.929.129.529.929.929.229.029.129.5

28.328.7

$6.046.036.016.005.995.975.976.056.046.076.05

6.076.06

$172.74174.27173.69174.60176.71178.50178.50176.66175.16176.64178.48

171.78173.92

36.836.736.436.336.636.536.636.436.636.736.6

36.536.7

$8.288.308.298.318.378.308.338.378.388.548.46

8.588.73

$304.70304.61301.76301.65306.34302.95304.88304.67306.71313.42309.64

313.17320.39

32.432.432.432.432.632.832.832.332.432.432.4

32.232.3

$8.178.188.128.108.108.048.058.198.228.318.31

8.368.40

$70.0373.6077.0480.3883.9790.57

96.66103.06110.85117.29126.00134.67143.52153.45163.67175.27

190.71208.97225.59239.04247.43256.43265.20

$264.71265.03263.09262.44264.06263.71264.04264.54266.33269.24269.24

269.19271.32

1 Data relate to production workers in mining andmanufacturing; construction workers in construction; andnonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;and services.

p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently

projected from March 1985 benchmark levels. When morerecent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted datafrom April 1985 forward are subject to revision.

81


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS AND EARNINGSNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailedIndustry

Industry1972SIC

Code

Average weekly hours

Avg. Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Average overtime hours

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987"

Total private .

Mining .

Metal mining ...Iron oresCopper ores .

Coal miningBituminous coal and lignite mining .

Oil and gas extractionCrude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquidsOil and gas field services

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .Crushed and broken stone

Construction .

General building contractorsResidential building constructionOperative buildersNonresidential building construction .

Heavy construction contractorsHighway and street constructionHeavy construction, except highway .

Special trade contractorsPlumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...Painting, paper hanging, and decoratingElectrical workMasonry, stonework, and plasteringCarpentering and flooringRoofing and sheet metal work

Manufacturing

Durable goods .



Millwork, plywood, and structural members .MillworkWood kitchen cabinetsHardwood veneer and plywoodSoftwood veneer and plywood



Furniture and fixturesHousehold furniture

Wood household furnitureUpholstered household furniture ....Metal household furnitureMattresses and bedsprings

Office furniturePublic building and related furniture .Partitions and fixturesMiscellaneous furniture and fixtures .

Stone, clay, and glass productsFlat glassGlass and glassware, pressed or blown .


1001102

11,1212

13131,2138

14142

15152153154

16161162

17171172173174

175176

242412422421242624324312434243524362442452451249

252512511251225142515252253254

259

32321322

34.8

42.3

41.140.841.4

40.940.9

42.742.842.6

44.545.8

37.5

37.136.538.737.6

40.941.140.7

36.638.134.938.934.834.633.0

40.7

41.3

40.339.341.341.540.940.640.639.740.542.138.438.438.540.0

39.639.139.538.339.738.640.539.941.140.3

42.344.841.6

34.7

44.4

40.740.940.0

42.6

42.6

45.745.945.5

43.044.4

37.2

36.836.139.137.4

40.239.440.4

36.638.134.339.134.634.533.7

40.7

41.4

39.739.140.941.140.340.040.038.340.542.537.936.737.339.7

39.438.939.438.040.038.940.839.440.140.7

41.644.141.6

34.9

42.6

41.239.841.8

42.442.5

42.542.142.8

43.844.0

36.9

36.936.536.937.3

38.436.639.3

36.538.534.539.534.535.531.5

41.6

42.2

40.538.841.541.542.140.940.341.540.842.538.938.638.440.5

40.940.840.741.541.138.641.040.741.141.9

42.046.142.0

34.4

42.4

42.043.142.9

42.342.4

42.342.642.1

43.244.3

37.3

37.136.437.837.8

40.339.240.8

36.638.134.739.034.934.832.0

40.8

41.4

40.038.741.541.741.440.039.539.841.241.737.637.537.039.9

39.439.439.639.440.438.239.239.740.437.7

41.845.942.7

34.6

42.5

36.8

40.7

41.4

40.3

39.2

42.0

3.4

3.5

3.53.74.24.53.33.42.93.03.54.92.42.32.13.1

2.62.42.61.92.92.32.92.93.32.6

4.96.24.7

3.3

3.5

2.92.63.63.82.82.82.42.03.34.42.01.71.62.9

2.42.22.51.62.92.22.92.32.62.4

4.55.84.4

3.8

4.0

3.73.64.44.54.43.72.64.23.65.22.42.11.83.4

3.33.33.33.83.42.43.33.63.03.8

4.66.54.9

3.5

3.5

3.33.74.34.44.03.01.73.03.84.72.01.61.23.1

2.62.62.82.53.02.52.72.82.72.1

4.37.34.2

3.5

3.6

82


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS AND EARNINGS


C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailedindustry—Continued

Industry1972SIC

Code

Average hourly earnings

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987"

Average weekly earnings

Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Total private

Mining

Metal miningIron oresCopper ores

Coal miningBituminous coal and lignite mining

Oil and gas extractionCrude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids .Oil and gas field services

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

Crushed and broken stone

Construction

General building contractorsResidential building constructionOperative buildersNonresidential building construction

Heavy construction contractorsHighway and street constructionHeavy construction, except highway

Special trade contractorsPlumbing, heating, and air conditioningPainting, paper hanging, and decoratingElectrical workMasonry, stonework, and plasteringCarpentering and flooringRoofing and sheet metal work

Manufacturing

Durable goods



Millwork, plywood, and structural membersMillworkWood kitchen cabinetsHardwood veneer and plywoodSoftwood veneer and plywood



Furniture and fixturesHousehold furniture

Wood household furnitureUpholstered household furnitureMetal household furnitureMattresses and bedsprings

Office furniturePublic building and related furniturePartitions and fixturesMiscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Stone, clay, and glass productsFlat glassGlass and glassware, pressed or blown


10101102

11,1212

13131,2138

14142

15152153154

16161162

17171172173174175176

242412422421242624324312434243524362442452451249

252512511251225142515252253254259

32321322

$8.75

12.45

13.2413.9912.29

15.4215.47

11.5813.7410.25

10.459.83

12.42

11.3710.749.63

12.10

11.9311.6912.08

13.0313.2212.1114.4313.1512.3511.53

9.73

10.29

8.3711.118.599.006.498.238.447.546.809.695.967.637.667.19

7.446.856.367.467.017.258.287.948.947.82

10.0514.1711.02

$8.72

12.24

13.4013.2613.24

15.3915.44

11.3413.8110.15

10.309.44

12.34

11.2910.729.35

11.96

11.7710.7112.18

12.9913.1412.0714.3213.0211.9211.40

9.70

10.27

8.3010.858.619.036.468.208.437.346.699.795.887.417.437.12

7.366.746.267.316.907.158.387.878.867.75

9.9613.9910.89

$8.83

12.60

12.7014.0111.30

15.7215.77

11.6013.8710.14

10.649.86

12.70

11.6410.9710.0212.41

12.1111.8212.26

13.3113.4212.3514.7713.2612.4011.88

9.84

10.40

8.3610.938.568.976.598.268.387.726.869.586.027.737.757.23

7.607.036.467.747.097.518.408.119.198.08

10.1714.4211.16

$8.87

12.62

12.8614.2111.41

15.7215.77

11.6214.0610.00

10.539.66

12.53

11.4810.8610.1112.17

11.7311.2611.94

13.1813.3412.2114.5113.2412.2511.45

9.83

10.38

8.3110.808.488.876.598.228.337.646.789.645.957.817.807.22

7.557.016.487.697.127.458.318.009.078.09

10.1714.4911.25

$8.89

12.51

12.48

9.85

10.41

8.37

7.52

10.17

$304.50

526.64

544.16570.79508.81

627.59630.04

494.47588.07436.65

465.03450.21

465.75

421.83392.01372.68454.96

487.94480.46491.66

476.90503.68422.64561.33457.62427.31380.49

396.01

424.98

337.31436.62354.77373.50265.44334.14342.66299.34275.40407.95228.86292.99294.91287.60

294.62267.84251.22285.72278.30279.85335.34316.81367.43315.15

425.12634.82458.43

$302.58

543.46

545.38542.33529.60

655.61657.74

518.24633.88461.83

442.90419.14

459.05

415.47386.99365.59447.30

473.15421.97492.07

475.43500.63414.00559.91450.49411.24384.18

394.79

425.18

329.51424.24352.15371.13260.34328.00337.20281.12270.95416.08222.85271.95277.14282.66

289.98262.19246.64277.78276.00278.14341.90310.08355.29315.43

414.34616.96453.02

$308.17

536.76

523.24557.60472.34

666.53670.23

493.00583.93433.99

466.03433.84

468.63

429.52400.41369.74462.89

465.02432.61481.82

485.82516.67426.08583.42457.47440.20374.22

409.34

438.88

338.58424.08355.24372.26277.44337.83337.71320.38279.89407.15234.18298.38297.60292.82

310.84286.82262.92321.21291.40289.89344.40330.08377.71338.55

427.14664.76468.72

$305.13

535.09

540.12612.45489.49

664.96668.65

491.53598.96421.00

454.90427.94

467.37

425.91395.30382.16460.03

472.72441.39487.15

482.39508.25423.69565.89462.08426.30366.40

401.06

429.73

332.40417.96351.92369.88272.83328.80329.04304.07279.34401.99223.72292.88288.60288.08

297.47276.19256.61302.99287.65284.59325.75317.60366.43304.99

425.11665.09480.38

$307.59

531.68

459.26

400.90

430.97

337.31

294.78

427.14

83




Industry1972SIC

Code


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec. Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Durable goods—ContinuedStone, clay, and glass products—Continued


Products of purchased glassCement, hydraulicStructural clay productsPottery and related productsConcrete, gypsum, and plaster products ....


Misc. nonmetallic mineral productsAbrasive productsAsbestos products

Primary metal industriesBlast furnaces and basic steel products ...




Nonferrous rolling and drawingCopper rolling and drawingAluminum sheet, plate, and foilNonferrous wire drawing and insulating .




Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades ..Hardware, nee









Turbines and turbine generator sets .Internal combustion engines, nee


3221322932332432532632732713272327332932913292

333313312331733233213322332533333343353351335333573363361

3434134113423423,5342934334323433344344134423443344434463453451345234634623465346934734713479348348334934943496

35351351135193523523

41.941.341.941.441.640.043.544.843.842.241.540.443.5

41.941.641.642.141.441.540.340.842.242.542.842.443.742.441.642.2

41.343.643.840.840.640.940.140.739.040.841.840.141.340.139.742.541.043.942.641.644.141.040.740.341.640.940.140.540.040.5

41.642.340.343.040.841.1

41.841.442.641.541.140.141.742.942.539.441.739.943.2

41.841.341.043.641.341.540.240.441.642.042.942.143.342.842.042.5

41.443.243.641.440.841.640.841.240.340.642.339.641.040.040.142.741.643.842.942.544.740.940.540.241.141.540.940.640.540.4

41.741.640.242.141.140.9

42.241.742.442.841.940.841.943.643.539.442.341.645.8

43.042.742.743.442.742.642.141.643.844.643.842.845.143.842.443.2

42.143.944.042.142.742.041.140.140.741.542.540.042.941.340.043.341.245.443.442.644.941.841.040.641.842.241.141.841.541.8

42.743.442.043.941.742.0

44.141.041.442.741.540.241.642.943.139.441.641.943.9

42.642.242.243.642.642.342.441.943.243.643.543.743.943.941.842.4

41.442.542.641.441.441.540.440.639.440.541.338.941.240.839.742.741.144.243.141.644.641.740.339.841.340.940.841.040.640.8

41.942.638.244.241.641.4

42.642.0

41.2

42.0

5.73.43.43.54.02.76.57.26.16.23.92.74.4

4.23.83.83.84.14.62.83.03.83.75.34.76.65.23.53.8

3.55.65.72.82.33.12.52.32.03.23.73.03.12.83.34.53.45.64.43.55.63.43.53.23.92.62.22.72.52.6

3.44.34.34.32.72.9

5.43.33.23.73.72.75.66.25.45.03.82.03.4

4.13.73.64.84.04.62.42.63.43.45.24.36.15.23.84.4

3.55.86.13.12.23.72.42.62.12.93.82.42.92.53.64.53.65.34.84.85.93.43.43.14.12.62.52.83.12.3

3.44.43.34.82.82.7

5.93.63.74.14.23.15.25.85.44.14.23.4

4.64.34.44.74.34.73.23.24.34.25.55.56.65.43.94.2

3.95.25.23.63.63.73.11.83.03.53.92.74.13.33.15.13.66.64.94.25.93.93.63.43.93.12.23.33.13.1

4.16.46.66.32.93.2

4.93.33.24.64.02.75.26.05.54.23.92.95.0

4.44.14.15.04.75.23.63.54.34.35.25.36.45.33.74.2

3.55.45.53.02.63.32.52.22.03.03.22.43.43.12.94.73.55.94.93.26.13.93.12.93.42.92.82.92.62.8

3.65.72.66.83.13.4


84




C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailedindustry—Continued

Industry1972SIC

Code


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Durable goods—ContinuedStone, clay, and glass products—Continued


Products of purchased glassCement, hydraulicStructural clay productsPottery and related productsConcrete, gypsum, and plaster products


Misc. nonmetallic mineral productsAbrasive productsAsbestos products

Primary metal industriesBlast furnaces and basic steel products




Nonferrous rolling and drawingCopper rolling and drawingAluminum sheet, plate, and foilNonferrous wire drawing and insulating




Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades ..Hardware, nee









Turbines and turbine generator setsInternal combustion engines, nee



3221322932332432532632732713272327332932913292

333313312331733233213322332533333343353351335333573363361

3434134113423423,5342934334323433344344134423443344434463453451345234634623465346934734713479348348334934943496

35351351135193523523

$11.3810.588.80

13.368.218.749.758.658.63

10.6710.279.73

10.23

11.9313.8214.5310.8510.6711.1611.189.84

13.5314.0711.2110.2213.8810.939.519.79

9.8713.3714.139.768.89

10.228.958.638.809.119.547.61

10.169.498.509.438.82

10.0011.8612.3513.809.067.907.818.08

10.6810.319.109.808.15

10.5613.0412.9413.089.74

10.53

$11.2010.508.95

13.378.178.799.578.378.54

10.5610.119.53

10.08

11.8113.4814.0910.9410.7311.2311.319.73

13.6914.1211.0910.0613.7610.789.599.91

9.8513.2914.059.848.89

10.388.828.558.639.089.377.57

10.129.468.569.298.749.81

11.9012.4213.789.007.937.758.29

10.4610.059.039.758.09

10.5012.9912.6713.109.93

10.95

$11.5110.748.73

13.598.408.869.788.698.69

10.6810.539.78

10.62

11.9113.8314.5610.9210.6411.0911.099.99

13.1613.6211.3210.4413.7411.169.579.83

10.0013.4214.229.828.97

10.269.168.679.089.259.787.75

10.309.528.439.658.98

10.2511.9812.6013.889.247.997.968.06

10.8310.449.269.878.33

10.6513.5313.1813.668.999.54

$11.6510.748.85

13.698.378.889.748.808.63

10.6410.399.59

10.35

11.8613.6614.3610.9910.8211.2711.4310.1013.1313.5911.2410.3513.8211.089.639.93

9.9813.3514.149.903.91

1O'.439.118.769.029.199.637.89

10.239.478.359.618.98

10.1812.0112.3614.029.237.917.917.92

10.8110.489.269.828.40

10.6013.3912.6813.628.969.55

$11.9513.79

9.99

10.66

$476.82436.95368.72553.10341.54349.60424.13387.52377.99450.27426.21393.09445.01

499.87574.91604.45456.79441.74463.14450.55401.47570.97597.98479.79433.33606.56463.43395.62413.14

407.63582.93618.89398.21360.93418.00358.90351.24343.20371.69398.77305.16419.61380.55337.45400.78361.62439.00505.24513.76608.58371.46321.53314.74336.13436.81413.43368.55392.00330.08

439.30551.59521.48562.44397.39432.78

$468.16434.70381.27554.86335.79352.48399.07359.07362.95416.06421.59380.25435.46

493.66556.72577.69476.98443.15466.05454.66393.09569.50593.04475.76423.53595.81461.38402.78421.18

407.79574.13612.58407.38362.71431.81359.86352.26347.79368.65396.35299.77414.92378.40343.26396.68363.58429.68510.51527.85615.97368.10321.17311.55340.72434.09411.05366.62394.88326.84

437.85540.38509.33551.51408.12447.86

$485.72447.86370.15581.65351.96361.49409.78378.88378.02420.79445.42406.85486.40

512.13590.54621.71473.93454.33472.43466.89415.58576.41607.45495.82446.83619.67488.81405.77424.66

421.00589.14625.68413.42383.02430.92376.48347.67369.56383.88415.65310.00441.87393.18337.20417.85369.98465.35519.93536.76623.21386.23327.59323.18336.91457.03429.08387.07409.61348.19

454.76587.20553.56599.67374.88400.68

$513.77440.34366.39584.56347.36356.98405.18377.52371.95419.22432.22401.82454.37

505.24576.45605.99479.16460.93476.72484.63423.19567.22592.52488.94452.30606.70486.41402.53421.03

413.17567.38602.36409.86368.87432.85368.04355.66355.39372.20397.72306.92421.48386.38331.50410.35369.08449.96517.63514.18625.29384.89318.77314.82327.10442.13427.58379.66398.69342.72

444.14570.41484.38602.00372.74395.37

$509.07579.18

411.59

447.72

85Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis


C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailedindustry—Continued

Industry1972SIC

Code


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P


Avg.1986

2.72.42.62.83.72.94.63.94.75.73.52.43.53.03.63.73.22.34.72.72.74.13.82.72.73.03.33.53.93.5

2.82.72.92.62.73.11.93.03.52.72.82.62.82.32.31.63.02.82.72.12.93.02.93.23.13.23.13.9

Jan.1986

2.92.72.13.13.62.94.84.14.86.23.32.13.33.12.82.92.92.14.42.22.03.53.92.52.42.52.93.64.23.5

2.72.62.62.62.42.91.42.53.21.71.42.62.32.42.52.33.03.02.51.82.82.93.22.93.13.23.03.9

Dec.1986

3.53.02.94.24.44.04.94.25.25.83.93.34.33.94.84.74.13.75.13.53.65.54.63.43.53.63.73.83.33.9

3.43.33.53.13.13.52.14.03.44.23.93.03.22.73.21.93.22.73.22.83.33.63.74.03.63.93.94.6

Jan.1987P

2.72.53.23.23.42.24.63.73.95.73.33.03.93.44.44.43.53.04.83.33.14.03.72.62.83.23.53.73.53.7

2.82.22.22.22.63.2

.83.03.61.52.72.62.72.52.91.72.11.82.62.12.83.03.43.33.03.82.54.8

Feb.1987P

Durable goods—ContinuedMachinery, except electrical—Continued

Construction and related machineryConstruction machineryMining machineryOil field machineryConveyors and conveying equipment....Industrial trucks and tractors

Metalworking machineryMachine tools, metal cutting typesMachine tools, metal forming typesSpecial dies, tools, jigs, and fixturesMachine tool accessoriesPower driven hand tools




Refrigeration and service machineryRefrigeration and heating equipment

Misc. machinery, except electricalCarburetors, pistons, rings, and valvesMachinery, except electrical, nee


TransformersSwitchgear and switchboard apparatus


Household appliancesHousehold refrigerators and freezersHousehold laundry equipmentElectric housewares and fans



Communication equipmentTelephone and telegraph apparatusRadio and TV communication equipment.

Electronic components and accessoriesElectronic tubesSemiconductors and related devicesElectronic components, nee

Misc. electrical equipment and suppliesStorage batteriesEngine electrical equipment

35335313532353335353537354354135423544354535463553551355235553563561356235633564356635683573573358358535935923599

36361361236133623621362236336323633363436436413643364436453653651366366136623673671-33674367936936913694

41.542.840.540.042.240.242.442.441.943.440.740.741.842.042.240.941.641.142.941.341.042.441.542.142.140.941.241.041.540.9

41̂ :940.040.841.139.940.640.341.440.640.340.740.440.538.941.641.841.541.141.641.143.540.941.241.242.041.6

41.942.741.142.042.539.542.943.042.444.041.739.441.541.741.340.241.440.842.941.240.341.842.042.142.040.540.741.241.841.1

41.141.542.940.341.041.639.640.140.540.538.840.439.240.841.139.841.141.141.640.841.841.144.340.741.241.342.142.0

42.743.741.141.043.642.843.243.342.643.742.142.743.243.444.442.743.143.143.942.242.344.943.443.543.642.242.441.742.441.6

42.141.742.341.041.541.540.941.940.745.041.741.242.040.742.340.143.043.442.742.043.042.044.842.042.242.743.643.2

41.142.741.438.341.840.042.541.841.143.641.042.742.242.443.742.041.942.242.941.741.143.541.542.342.541.341.641.542.141.4

41.040.441.539.440.640.939.241.040.742.940.040.239.240.541.739.340.640.842.041.842.140.843.040.540.841.940.942.8

40.9


86




C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailedindustry—Continued

Industry1972SIC

Code


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Durable goods—ContinuedMachinery, except electrical—Continued

Construction and related machineryConstruction machineryMining machineryOil field machineryConveyors and conveying equipmentIndustrial trucks and tractors

Metalworking machinery ,Machine tools, metal cutting typesMachine tools, metal forming typesSpecial dies, tools, jigs, and fixturesMachine tool accessoriesPower driven hand tools




Refrigeration and service machineryRefrigeration and heating equipment

Misc. machinery, except electricalCarburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...Machinery, except electrical, nee


TransformersSwitchgear and switchboard apparatus ...


Household appliancesHousehold refrigerators and freezersHousehold laundry equipmentElectric housewares and fans



Communication equipmentTelephone and telegraph apparatusRadio and TV communication equipment

Electronic components and accessories ...Electronic tubesSemiconductors and related devicesElectronic components, nee

Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....Storage batteriesEngine electrical equipment


35335313532353335353537354354135423544354535463553551355235553563561356235633564356635683573573358358535935923599

36361361236133623621362236336323633363436436413643364436453653651366366136623673671-33674367936936913694

$11.1112.2511.4711.2110.039.74

11.0211.0011.5111.719.878.50

10.4310.618.39

11.0210.2510.9010.7410.139.11

10.4210.289.959.92

10.2910.5610.2112.669.83

9.678.998.869.119.679.639.459.56

10.9711.327.258.849.858.329.256.509.489.82

11.3410.9311.498.67

10.7510.197.93

10.4910.9411.13

$11.0312.1511.3311.1110.079.52

10.9310.8611.4211.709.688.48

10.3510.578.14

10.8110.1910.7610.659.959.00

10.6510.329.779.74

10.2610.6210.1612.809.74

9.608.888.739.039.649.589.359.44

10.7011.137.138.719.898.239.086.479.529.94

11.3310.8411.508.51

10.799.797.89

10.4610.8011.14

$11.1012.1611.4111.2910.0410.0411.1211.1311.6011.819.998.58

10.5410.688.55

11.2110.3611.1010.8310.389.33

10.2610.4710.0910.0310.4910.7210.2912.529.95

9.859.179.089.259.709.699.509.68

11.1411.847.328.989.918.459.326.529.489.82

11.5911.2811.708.91

10.9010.608.10

10.5910.9211.26

$10.9412.0611.2811.069.939.85

11.0611.1311.3611.739.968.58

10.5610.728.59

11.3510.3111.0110.7710.369.24

10.2110.4610.1210.1010.4610.6810.2812.329.96

9.879.098.989.209.649.679.249.70

11.1111.387.349.05

10.058.549.356.629.63

10.0311.6311.1011.808.94

10.8810.718.10

10.6110.8111.34

$9.87

$461.07524.30464.54448.40423.27391.55467.25466.40482.27508.21401.71345.95435.97445.62354.06450.72426.40447.99460.75418.37373.51441.81426.62418.90417.63420.86435.07418.61525.39402.05

396.47367.69371.23364.40394.54395.79377.06388.14442.09468.65294.35356.25400.90336.13374.63252.85394.37410.48470.61449.22477.98356.34467.63416.77326.72432.19459.48463.01

$462.16518.81465.66466.62427.98376.04468.90466.98484.21514.80403.66334.11429.53440.77336.18434.56421.87439.01456.89409.94362.70445.17433.44411.32409.08415.53432.23418.59535.04400.31

394.56368.52374.52363.91395.24398.53370.26378.54433.35450.77276.64351.88387.69335.78373.19257.51391.27408.53471.33442.27480.70349.76478.00398.45325.07432.00454.68467.88

$473,97531.39468.95462.89437.74429.71480.38481.93494.16516.10420.58366.37455.33463.51379.62478.67446.52478.41475.44438.04394.66460.67454.40438.92437.31442.68454.53429.09530.85413.92

414.69382.39384.08379.25402.55402.14388.55405.59453.40532.80305.24369.98416.22343.92394.24261.45407.64426.19494.89473.76503.10374.22488.32445.20341.82452.19476.11486.43

$449.63514.96466.99423.60415.07394.00470.05465.23466.90511.43408.36366.37445.63454.53375.38476.70431.99464.62462.03432.01379.76444.14434.09428.08429.25432.00444.29426.62518.67412.34

404.67367.24372.67362.48391.38395.50362.21397.70452.18488.20293.60363.81393.96345.87389.90260.17390.98409.22488.46463.98496.78364.75467.84433.76330.48444.56442.13485.35

$403.68

87



C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailedindustry—Continued

Industry1972SIC

Code


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987"


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Durable goods—ContinuedTransportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentMotor vehicles and car bodiesTruck and bus bodiesMotor vehicle parts and accessoriesTruck trailers



Railroad equipmentGuided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.



Instruments and related productsEngineering and scientific instruments .Measuring and controlling devices




Ophthalmic goodsPhotographic equipment and supplies .Watches, clocks, and watchcases



Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .Sporting and athletic goods, nee





Meat productsMeat packing plantsSausages and other prepared meatsPoultry dressing plants



Grain mill productsFlour and other grain mill products ....Prepared feeds, nee


3737137113713371437153723721372437283733731373237437637613793792

3838138238223823382538338438413842385386387

3939139113933943942,4394939539639613993993

20201201120132016202202220262032032203320372042041204820520512052

42.442.742.341.143.440.442.842.142.943.740.740.940.140.242.442.740.538.6

41.142.040.739.841.040.541.640.841.040.740.042.639.9

39.638.737.840.639.739.040.340.238.838.039.940.2

39.940.039.341.040.137.741.339.342.539.340.339.137.743.745.942.939.538.841.2

43.043.643.540.844.339.042.942.343.043.641.341.640.241.543.544.340.737.6

41.142.340.540.141.340.241.741.341.840.939.742.239.8

39.838.637.639.439.838.940.439.340.340.040.240.4

39.839.939.642.239.437.340.838.642.339.140.339.637.244.145.543.038.938.041.3

43.444.044.142.744.442.243.542.344.844.341.341.341.241.543.644.041.038.9

42.343.541.940.443.840.842.141.941.842.141.543.941.1

40.339.939.442.640.038.940.841.838.337.240.741.0

40.740.439.340.540.137.741.239.442.439.741.239.639.545.148.343.339.338.541.2

42.543.243.142.043.741.042.441.742.943.140.240.240.340.543.043.741.440.3

41.241.840.940.841.240.341.340.641.140.440.244.038.1

39.537.637.041.839.939.040.539.837.836.940.039.9

40.039.939.843.539.736.740.539.141.539.442.238.838.544.147.143.138.437.740.3

42.443.2

41.0

39.4

39.939.3

4.44.44.33.54.92.54.94.35.45.53.43.72.72.44.44.73.62.5

2.73.22.22.12.62.02.92.92.92.82.33.21.5

2.42.32.12.72.11.92.32.12.62.62.52.5

3.33.93.54.13.63.04.33.75.03.75.04.03.25.65.75.53.63.63.5

4.75.25.33.45.51.84.64.05.15.13.74.22.52.95.05.52.71.8

2.63.32.02.02.71.73.03.13.13.01.62.81.4

2.22.31.81.61.81.62.01.92.41.92.62.4

3.23.73.54.63.02.73.72.94.83.37.13.02.36.05.65.73.23.03.8

4.74.74.73.85.03.75.44.16.86.43.33.52.93.14.54.74.93.6

3.53.83.12.73.22.53.13.73.34.03.14.32.6

2.73.23.53.12.31.92.63.02.72.72.82.8

3.63.83.43.73.92.94.03.74.53.24.73.03.16.06.95.73.53.43.8

4.44.84.84.75.02.54.53.95.05.02.82.63.2

.84.24.54.63.4

2.83.12.53.22.32.22.12.82.92.72.53.7

.6

2.31.51.52.92.32.12.41.43.33.92.32.3

3.43.63.85.83.22.63.73.24.23.36.82.53.45.46.05.73.13.13.3

3.3





C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailedIndustry—Continued

Industry1972SIC

Code


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Durable goods—ContinuedTransportation equipment

Motor vehicles and equipmentMotor vehicles and car bodiesTruck and bus bodiesMotor vehicle parts and accessoriesTruck trailers



Railroad equipmentGuided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..



Instruments and related productsEngineering and scientific instrumentsMeasuring and controlling devices




Ophthalmic goodsPhotographic equipment and suppliesWatches, clocks, and watchcases



Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehiclesSporting and athletic goods, nee





Meat productsMeat packing plantsSausages and other prepared meatsPoultry dressing plants



Grain mill productsFlour and other grain mill productsPrepared feeds, nee



3737137113713371437153723721372437283733731373237437637613793792

3838138238223823382538338438413842385386387

3939139113933943942,4394939539639613993993

20201201120132016202202220262032032203320372042041204820520512052

$12.8613.5214.9710.9812.919.51

12.90(2)

$13.0911.8610.6311.608.06

12.5812.1512.4610.549.03

9.4610.239.278.739.419.43

10.478.468.648.327.17

12.557.01

7.568.098.147.236.916.886.937.736.145.588.318.61

8.938.747.318.248.745.959.448.819.848.00

10.077.887.31

10.6710.268.139.869.79

10.04

$12.9113.6614.9910.8613.089.43

12.77(2)

$12.9811.6910.7211.618.20

12.7312.1712.3610.358.74

9.3210.078.998.629.289.09

10.288.398.568.257.09

12.356.89

7.48'7.90'7.927.076.816.766.837.596.065.548.258.61

8.868.727.318.188.775.909.368.619.748.109.928.117.45

10.5310.158.069.749.649.96

$13.0013.6315.1311.5912.869.72

13.10

0$13.38

12.0210.6311.658.08

12.3712.4412.7610.939.56

9.6210.499.498.969.469.65

10.598.618.768.507.25

12.877.17

7.718.238.317.346.986.937.017.876.295.618.538.86

9.068.887.338.308.686.049.538.929.858.37

10.658.247.57

10.8810.588.379.989.93

10.10

$12.9613.6615.2411.8212.939.51

12.96

0$13.16

11.7710.6511.688.20

12.0212.4012.6910.849.38

9.6110.519.508.839.539.73

10.508.598.718.487.33

12.707.16

7.718.128.237.337.117.157.097.826.325.578.498.89

9.088.917.458.478.596.119.508.839.828.46

10.858.397.62

10.7710.498.269.979.92

10.10

$12.9813.64

9.64

7.65

9.078.93

$545.26577.30633.23451.28560.29384.20552.12

561.56518.28432.64474.44323.21505.72515.16532.04426.87348.56

388.81429.66377.29347.45385.81381.92435.55345.17354.24338.62286.80534.63279.70

299.38313.08307.69293.54274.33268.32279.28310.75238.23212.04331.57346.12

356.31349.60287.28337.84350.47224.32389.87346.23418.20314.40405.82308.11275.59466.28470.93348.78389.47379.85413.65

$555.13595.58652.07443.09579.44367.77547.83

558.14509.68442.74482.98329.64528.30529.40547.55421.25328.62

383.05425.96364.10345.66383.26365.42428.68346.51357.81337.43281.47521.17274.22

297.70304.94297.79278.56271.04262.96275.93298.29244.22221.60331.65347.84

352.63347.93289.48345.20345.54220.07381.89332.35412.00316.71399.78321.16277.14464.37461.83346.58378.89366.32411.35

$564.20599.72667.23494.89570.98410.18569.85

599.42532.49439.02481.15332.90513.36542.38561.44448.13371.88

406.93456.32397.63361.98414.35393.72445.84360.76366.17357.85300.88564.99294.69

310.71328.38327.41312.68279.20269.58286.01328.97240.91208.69347.17363.26

368.74358.75288.07336.15348.07227.71392.64351.45417.64332.29438.78326.30299.02490.69511.01362.42392.21382.31416.12

$550.80590.11656.84496.44565.04389.91549.50

564.56507.29428.13469.54330.46486.81533.20554.55448.78378.01

395.93439.32388.55360.26392.64392.12433.65348.75357.98342.59294.67558.80272.80

304.55305.31304.51306.39283.69278.85287.15311.24238.90205.53339.60354.71

363.20355.51296.51368.45341.02224.24384.75345.25407.53333.32457.87325.53293.37474.96494.08356.01382.85373.98407.03

$550.35589.25

395.24

301.41

361.89350.95

89



C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagrfcultural payrolls by detailedindustry—Continued

Industry1972SIC

Code


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P


Avg.1986

3.35.82.35.24.05.53.63.7

1.31.0

4.15.23.83.93.03.13.02.52.92.55.14.65.04.64.34.75.23.24.3

1.6.9

1.31.51.01.21.41.21.21.31.71.41.41.41.71.61.32.71.52.64.9

4.86.56.76.93.43.33.23.94.24.04.54.7

Jan.1986

3.76.62.45.53.56.22.53.7

1.1.7

3.84.83.43.02.73.03.32.13.02.04.54.24.34.44.24.55.03.54.3

1.5.9

1.41.41.41.31.41.01.3.9

1.71.31.21.62.02.0

.82.4

.62.04.9

4.76.36.57.23.43.03.54.14.03.64.34.4

Dec.1986

4.07.92.65.63.44.13.03.7

1.21.2

4.86.34.85.13.53.53.32.53.42.86.05.65.55.95.05.36.03.25.0

1.91.11.51.61.11.21.91.51.31.32.41.01.01.11.72.02.03.42.33.06.5

5.26.66.87.33.94.13.54.34.85.04.85.1

Jan.1987P

3.56.22.14.93.04.52.53.1

.91.0

4.35.54.44.83.13.23.52.33.02.35.14.24.34.04.64.95.82.34.7

1.81.11.41.61.21.31.81.21.6.9

2.31.01.0.9

1.61.71.52.91.31.86.2

4.96.36.57.23.84.43.24.34.24.24.73.9

Feb.1987P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedFood and kindred products—Continued





Tobacco manufactures.Cigarettes

Textile mill productsWeaving mills, cottonWeaving mills, syntheticsWeaving and finishing mills, wool .Narrow fabric millsKnitting mills

Women's hosiery, except socks .Hosiery, neeKnit outerwear millsKnit underwear millsCircular knit fabric mills


Floor covering millsYam and thread mills





Women's and misses' outerwearWomen's and misses' blouses and waistsWomen's and misses' dressesWomen's and misses' suits and coatsWomen's and misses' outerwear, nee





Paper and allied productsPaper and pulp millsPaper mills, except building paper..Paperboard millsMisc. converted paper products


Paperboard containers and boxes ..Folding paperboard boxesCorrugated and solid fiber boxes .Sanitary food containers

2062061-3206520720820822086209

21211

22221222223224225225122522253225422572262261226222722822812282229

232312322321232723282332331233523372339234234123422362361238239239123922396

26261,2,6262263264264126422643265265126532654

40.543.039.443.040.742.840.038.3

37.636.8

41.241.841.241.840.939.539.238.638.339.442.442.142.441.541.742.243.238.443.0

36:735.337.137.536.536.235.035.334.135.035.437.037.335.437.236.237.439.137.938.641.2

43.345.345.544.341.943.042.041.942.642.443.242.9

40.144.038.043.540.142.239.037.6

37.737.1

40.740.440.841.440.939.339.237.739.038.541.241.241.640.840.541.942.639.443.4

36.636.037.536.937.237.234.834.334.434.435.236.336.834.037.937.236.838.736.437.741.5

43.545.045.045.242.443.042.843.242.841.943.543.4

42.346.140.843.941.344.139.539.1

37.737.3

42.443.742.843.541.639.941.038.738.538.744.044.543.644.244.042.944.337.144.0

37.436.037.737.938.436.436.235.535.035.537.235.335.435.037.837.438.940.239.840.042.6

44.246.146.344.942.843.442.543.343.743.943.646.1

40.943.339.342.439.643.038.937.8

37.237.1

41.742.842.043.540.639.639.438.038.739.242.941.741.241.443.042.543.936.843.8

36.835.837.137.936.836.835.835.935.034.236.636.136.634.037.237.037.038.738.137.341.2

43.545.245.344.542.744.841.643.342.642.443.642.1

34.3

41.7

37.0

43.1


90





Industry1972SIC

Code


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P


Avg. Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedFood and kindred products—Continued





Tobacco manufacturesCigarettes

Textile mill productsWeaving mills, cottonWeaving mills, syntheticsWeaving and finishing mills, woolNarrow fabric millsKnitting mills

Women's hosiery, except socksHosiery, neeKnit outerwear millsKnit underwear millsCircular knit fabric mills


Floor covering millsYarn and thread mills





Women's and misses' outerwearWomen's and misses' blouses and waistsWomen's and misses' dressesWomen's and misses' suits and coatsWomen's and misses' outerwear, nee





Paper and allied productsPaper and pulp millsPaper mills, except building paperPaperboard millsMisc. converted paper products


Paperboard containers and boxesFolding paperboard boxesCorrugated and solid fiber boxesSanitary food containers


2062061-3206520720820822086209

21211

22221222223224225225122522253225422572262261226222722822812282229

232312322321232723282332331233523372339234234123422362361238239239123922396

26261,2,6262263264264126422643265265126532654

$8.7910.417.528.8711.7416.209.098.00

12.7715.58

6.957.277.417.386.566.376.276.036.375.886.957.277.307.717.276.506.516.527.92

5.816.685.385.155.295.465.575.105.896.415.345.395.236.155.164.985.607.085.585.9611.04

11.1413.5913.6814.009.5810.898.759.009.549.839.829.23

$8.7110.097.468.6111.7116.368.818.00

11.8915.00

6.857.107.297.186.466.316.315.996.215.846.877.207.127.767.126.426.436.457.76

5.826.705.385.175.305.455.605.205.886.445.385.395.226.245.154.975.577.125.525.9011.33

11.0213.3713.4613.849.4810.858.538.929.469.759.729.15

$8.6210.007.349.0111.9616.319.308.19

12.8615.89

7.137.447.607.666.616.516.276.076.645.977.157.397.497.727.546.676.686.738.20

5.866.635.415.215.345.485.605.085.946.475.385.435.266.245.205.105.667.145.516.0311.08

11.2413.7013.7714.199.7010.899.089.019.669.999.909.56

$8.8510.047.588.8611.7716.179.208.27

12.9915.80

7.117.377.627.646.666.486.356.096.456.067.157.337.407.677.616.696.716.668.18

5.896.715.465.305.315.585.595.065.916.345.445.495.356.195.205.065.757.265.636.0411.30

11.1813.6013.6714.009.7110.739.129.009.609.959.839.19

$13.31

7.11

5.89

11.16

$356.00447.63296.29381.41477.82693.36363.60306.40

480.15573.34

286.34303.89305.29308.48268.30251.62245.78232.76243.97231.67294.68306.07309.52319.97303.16274.30281.23250.37340.56

213.23237.14199.60193.13193.09197.65194.95180.03200.85224.35189.04199.43195.08217.71191.95180.28209.44276.83211.48230.06454.85

482.36615.63622.44620.20401.40468.27367.50377.10406.40416.79424.22395.97

$349.27443.96283.48374.54469.57690.39343.59300.80

448.25556.50

278.80286.84297.43297.25264.21247.98247.35225.82242.19224.84283.04296.64296.19316.61288.36269.00273.92254.13336.78

213.01241.20201.75190.77197.16202.74194.88178.36202.27221.54189.38195.66192.10212.16195.19184.88204.98275.54200.93222.43470.20

479.37601.65605.70625.57401.95466.55365.08385.34404.89408.53422.82397.11

$364.63461.00299.47395.54493.95719.27367.35320.23

484.82592.70

302.31325.13325.28333.21274.98259.75257.07234.91255.64231.04314.60328.86326.56341.22331.76286.14295.92249.68360.80

219.16238.68203.96197.46205.06199.47202.72180.34207.90229.69200.14191.68186.20218.40196.56190.74220.17287.03219.30241.20472.01

496.81631.57637.55637.13415.16472.63385.90390.13422.14438.56431.64440.72

$361.97434.73297.89375.66466.09695.31357.88312.61

483.23586.18

296.49315.44320.04332.34270.40256.61250.19231.42249.62237.55306.74305.66304.88317.54327.23284.33294.57245.09358.28

216.75240.22202.57200.87195.41205.34200.12181.65206.85216.83199.10198.19195.81210.46193.44187.22212.75280.96214.50225.29465.56

486.33614.72619.25623.00414.62480.70379.39389.70408.96421.88428.59386.90

$456.53

296.49

217.93

481.00

91




Industry1972SIC

Code


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedPrinting and publishing

NewspapersPeriodicalsBooks



Commercial printing, letterpress ..Commercial printing, lithographic






Soap, cleaners, and toilet goodsSoap and other detergentsToilet preparationsPolishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations


Cyclic crudes and intermediatesGum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee


Petroleum and coal products ...Petroleum refiningPaving and roofing materials .

Rubber and misc. plastics productsTires and inner tubesRubber and plastics footwearReclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose



Men's footwear, except athleticWomen's footwear, except athletic

LuggageHandbags and personal leather goods .


Railroad transportation:Class I railroads3

Local and interurban passenger transit .Local and suburban transportationIntercity highway transportation ,

Trucking and warehousingTrucking and trucking terminals .Public warehousing

Pipe lines, except natural gas .


!72!73173173274

27527512752276278279

282812819282282128242832834284284128442842,328528628652861,9287289

29291295

30301302

303,4306307

3131131431433144316317

4011

41411413

42421,3422

46

38.033.738.340.038.841.836.339.439.039.541.138.438.7

42.042.142.742.243.141.841.641.541.044.138.941.541.643.543.243.642.341.8

43.743.844.2

41.342.939.0

42.541.441.1

36.940.536.135.736.338.337.1

39.2

44.0

34.238.239.3

38.238.238.7

41.8

37.732.938.939.838.441.836.639.038.838.841.939.039.1

41.841.742.341.843.640.741.040.840.944.338.740.841.043.944.843.642.242.1

43.243.841.7

41.443.339.2

42.441.741.0

37.140.336.736.037.636.636.6

39.0

42.4

33.838.437.5

37.437.338.4

44.4

38.834.538.840.739.442.737.040.239.840.143.139.238.6

42.743.444.243.043.443.041.841.742.245.540.242.141.643.844.143.743.242.4

43.743.943.3

42.343.638.8

42.942.742.1

38.141.437.537.837.839.237.2

39.2

43.4

33.537.638.6

38.738.639.1

41.4

37.532.538.339.037.741.036.339.339.039.241.137.737.9

42.342.643.143.443.643.442.141.740.743.738.841.040.843.342.443.642.541.7

45.245.843.8

41.643.838.5

40.841.941.3

37.340.936.837.237.137.236.7

38.7

42.9

33.138.237.6

37.837.838.2

42.3

37.7

42.4

44.6

41.2

37.5

39.2

2.91.73.33.52.84.72.13.42.83.53.52.13.6

3.73.53.53.84.63.33.13.13.35.02.42.83.34.74.94.64.43.6

4.43.96.8

3.85.11.7

3.63.33.7

1.53.21.21.01.51.61.4

2.61.23.53.32.44.71.73.02.43.14.32.33.4

3.42.92.93.64.63.13.23.12.94.52.22.13.04.35.43.94.03.5

4.04.04.7

3.64.51.4

3.13.43.6

1.33.31.2.91.51.5.6

3.21.93.13.83.04.92.73.63.13.74.82.53.4

4.04.03.93.84.43.43.33.43.95.93.22.92.75.25.75.14.63.7

4.44.25.8

4.15.01.4

4.23.84.1

1.83.51.71.61.91.21.6

2.71.02.83.52.84.52.83.22.93.33.71.93.3

3.93.83.84.44.64.33.23.23.25.12.42.43.55.04.95.04.73.2

4.44.16.3

3.85.01.3

2.83.73.8

1.73.51.61.42.2.5

1.6

92





Industry1972SIC

Code


Avg. Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Nondurable goods—ContinuedPrinting and publishing

NewspapersPeriodicalsBooks



Commercial printing, letterpressCommercial printing, lithographic






Soap, cleaners, and toilet goodsSoap and other detergentsToilet preparationsPolishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations


Cyclic crudes and intermediatesGum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee .


Petroleum and coal productsPetroleum refiningPaving and roofing materials

Rubber and misc. plastics productsTires and inner tubesRubber and plastics footwearReclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose



Men's footwear, except athleticWomen's footwear, except athletic

LuggageHandbags and personal leather goods


Railroad transportation:Class I railroads3

Local and interurban passenger transitLocal and suburban transportationIntercity highway transportation

Trucking and warehousingTrucking and trucking terminalsPublic warehousing

Pipe lines, except natural gas


272712722732731273227427527512752276278279

282812819282282128242832834284284128442842,328528628652861,9287289

29291295

30301302

303,4306307

3131131431433144316317

4011

41411413

42421,3422

46

$9.9710.0110.728.938.329.818.98

10.289.86

10.4410.377.86

12.02

11.9713.1413.2212.1013.1811.7311.1210.8610.7313.829.03

10.0010.4214.3614.2614.4011.4211.15

14.1915.3210.96

8.7613.695.98

8.698.558.14

5.907.645.615.985.336.195.72

11.63

13.86

8.068.48

11.75

10.7110.898.28

15.14

$9.859.91

10.518.718.019.678.80

10.199.75

10.3410.227.78

11.79

11.8613.0113.0912.0212.9811.8711.0110.6810.7513.629.029.89

10.2814.1214.0714.1411.3210.88

14.2615.3310.71

8.6913.486.02

8.368.518.08

5.867.465.605.965.376.195.66

11.59

13.67

7.888.30

11.75

10.6410.828.29

15.29

$10.1410.1710.849.308.80

10.039.13

10.4210.0210.5810.688.10

12.10

12.2013.3613.3912.2213.3411.6311.3111.0811.0314.139.42

10.0610.7214.6314.9014.5411.8811.31

14.3615.4011.28

8.8613.795.99

9.118.668.24

5.987.875.686.105.386.215.84

11.71

14.18

8.128.66

11.61

10.7810.978.30

15.40

$10.1610.0510.929.408.88

10.159.25

10.4410.1610.5610.568.05

12.32

12.1813.4013.4312.2613.3511.7811.3011.0710.9513.989.43

10.0310.8214.5214.6414.4811.8411.28

14.4315.4811.03

8.8813.905.99

9.048.648.25

6.047.875.796.165.546.305.69

11.67

14.29

8.128.69

11.66

10.6810.878.21

15.34

$10.20

12.20

14.27

8.84

6.03

11.76

$378.86337.34410.58357.20322.82410.06325.97405.03384.54412.38426.21301.82465.17

502.74553.19564.49510.62568.06490.31462.59450.69439.93609.46351.27415.00433.47624.66616.03627.84483.07466.07

620.10671.02484.43

361.79587.30233.22

369.33353.97334.55

217.71309.42202.52213.49193.48237.08212.21

455.90

609.84

275.65323.94461.78

409.12416.00320.44

632.85

$371.35326.04408.84346.66307.58404.21322.08397.41378.30401.19428.22303.42460.99

495.75542.52553.71502.44565.93483.11451.41435.74439.68603.37349.07403.51421.48619.87630.34616.50477.70458.05

616.03671.45446.61

359.77583.68235.98

354.46354.87331.28

217.41300.64205.52214.56201.91226.55207.16

452.01

579.61

266.34318.72440.63

397.94403.59318.34

678.88

$393.43350.87420.59378.51346.72428.28337.81418.88398.80424.26460.31317.52467.06

520.94579.82591.84525.46578.96500.09472.76462.04465.47642.92378.68423.53445.95640.79657.09635.40513.22479.54

627.53676.06488.42

374.78601.24232.41

390.82369.78346.90

227.84325.82213.00230.58203.36243.43217.25

459.03

615.41

272.02325.62448.15

417.19423.44324.53

637.56

$381.00326.63418.24366.60334.78416.15335.78410.29396.24413.95434.02303.49466.93

515.21570.84578.83532.08582.06511.25475.73461.62445.67610.93365.88411.23441.46628.72620.74631.33503.20470.38

652.24708.98483.11

369.41608.82230.62

368.83362.02340.73

225.29321.88213.07229.15205.53234.36208.82

451.63

613.04

268.77331.96438.42

403.70410.89313.62

648.88

$384.54

517.28

636.44

364.21

226.13

460.99

93




Industry1972SIC

Code


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Transportation and public utilities—ContinuedCommunication


Electric, gas, and sanitary services .Electric servicesGas production and distribution ....Combination utility servicesSanitary services

Wholesale trade .

Durable goodsMotor vehicles and automotive equipmentFurniture and home furnishingsLumber and construction materialsSporting goods, toys, and hobby goodsMetals and minerals, except petroleumElectrical goodsHardware, plumbing, and heating equipment.Machinery, equipment, and suppliesMiscellaneous durable goods

Nondurable goodsPaper and paper productsDrugs, proprietaries, and sundries ...Apparel, piece goods, and notions ..Groceries and related productsChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and petroleum products .Beer, wine, and distilled beverages .Miscellaneous nondurable goods ....

Retail trade.

Building materials and garden supplies .Lumber and other building materials ...Hardware stores

General merchandise storesDepartment storesVariety storesMisc. general merchandise stores .

Food storesGrocery stores .Retail bakeries.

Automotive dealers and service stations .New and used car dealersAuto and home supply storesGasoline service stations

Apparel and accessory stores ,Men's and boys' clothing and furnishingsWomen's ready-to-wear storesFamily clothing storesShoe stores

Furniture and home furnishings stores ...Furniture and home furnishings storesHousehold appliance storesRadio, television, and music stores

Eating and drinking places4...


48481483

49491492493495

50501502503504505506507508509

51511512513514516517518519

52521525

53531533539

54541546

55551,2553554

56561562ooo566

57571572573

58

40.141.437.0

41.841.841.142.242.6

38.4

38.838.336.839.536.440.338.638.539.437.5

37.737.437.236.338.139.639.336.337.4

29.2

36.438.432.8

28.328.129.329.5

30.030.228.6

36.637.539.434.1

26.929.825.527.127.6

33.133.033.932.9

25.6

40.041.136.9

41.841.741.142.442.5

38.3

38.938.536.938.936.640.038.538.639.637.8

37.537.737.235.837.839.340.035.737.1

28.7

35.837.632.4

26.826.627.828.5

29.629.828.3

36.737.639.434.4

26.429.425.226.126.9

32.932.933.732.7

25.1

39.941.236.7

41.841.641.642.542.1

38.4

38.838.137.039.336.841.039.038.439.237.8

37.837.738.036.538.440.139.136.737.1

29.5

36.538.333.1

29.729.531.430.8

29.729.927.6

36.337.338.933.6

27.831.026.328.228.6

33.633.434.433.8

25.5

39.840.936.8

41.641.541.641.941.7

38.1

38.738.036.938.936.640.638.938.339.037.7

37.436.937.436.337.840.039.535.736.7

28.3

36.238.332.2

26.426.128.328.2

29.229.526.7

36.337.338.933.6

25.729.324.325.027.0

33.032.633.533.5

24.7

38.1

28.7

94





Industry1972SIC

Code


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Transportation and public utilities—ContinuedCommunication


Electric, gas, and sanitary servicesElectric servicesGas production and distributionCombination utility servicesSanitary services

Wholesale trade

Durable goodsMotor vehicles and automotive equipmentFurniture and home furnishingsLumber and construction materialsSporting goods, toys, and hobby goodsMetals and minerals, except petroleumElectrical goodsHardware, plumbing, and heating equipment..Machinery, equipment, and suppliesMiscellaneous durable goods

Nondurable goodsPaper and paper productsDrugs, proprietaries, and sundriesApparel, piece goods, and notionsGroceries and related productsChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and petroleum productsBeer, wine, and distilled beveragesMiscellaneous nondurable goods

Retail trade

Building materials and garden suppliesLumber and other building materialsHardware stores

General merchandise storesDepartment storesVariety storesMisc. general merchandise stores

Food storesGrocery storesRetail bakeries

Automotive dealers and service stationsNew and used car dealersAuto and home supply storesGasoline service stations

Apparel and accessory storesMen's and boys' clothing and furnishingsWomen's ready-to-wear storesFamily clothing storesShoe stores

Furniture and home furnishings storesFurniture and home furnishings storesHousehold appliance storesRadio, television, and music stores

Eating and drinking places4


48481483

49491492493495

50501502503504505506507508509

51511512513514516517518519

52521525

53531533539

54541546

55551,2553554

56561562565566

57571572573

58

$12.1112.8310.89

13.3813.4612.5315.589.70

9.35

9.488.458.578.949.76

10.229.818.97

10.077.56

9.159.89

10.528.859.19

11.499.68

10.897.51

6.02

6.817.145.77

6.336.614.714.87

7.037.225.48

7.619.326.535.43

5.366.255.085.325.35

7.307.337.387.21

4.35

$12.0312.6910.96

13.1613.2012.3215.339.57

9.28

9.398.438.438.749.57

10.229.748.849.977.57

9.129.95

10.258.949.16

11.479.80

10.637.46

6.03

6.807.145.77

6.136.384.654.88

7.267.475.43

7.459.036.565.38

5.366.375.065.405.23

7.137.287.616.73

4.36

$12.2813.0610.97

13.5213.7512.8215.389.70

9.47

9.608.588.709.039.66

10.2910.019.10

10.217.56

9.279.79

10.649.009.32

11.869.69

11.107.63

6.05

6.917.245.79

6.426.724.834.83

6.887.075.61

7.659.326.575.49

5.396.235.125.295.42

7.467.467.377.49

4.40

$12.2113.0210.75

13.4713.6712.7715.2510.00

9.48

9.608.588.629.039.76

10.269.999.16

10.227.53

9.319.73

10.619.279.39

11.939.71

10.857.68

6.07

6.967.265.88

6.346.624.715.00

6.927.075.58

7.468.986.575.46

5.466.465.155.585.25

7.477.517.477.42

4.41

$9.50

6.06

$485.61531.16402.93

559.28562.63514.98657.48413.22

359.04

367.82323.64315.38353.13355.26411.87378.67345.35396.76283.50

344.96369.89391.34321.26350.14455.00380.42395.31280.87

175.78

247.88274.18189.26

179.14185.74138.00143.67

210.90218.04156.73

278.53349.50257.28185.16

144.18186.25129.54144.17147.66

241.63241.89250.18237.21

111.36

$481.20521.56404.42

550.09550.44506.35649.99406.73

355.42

365.27324.56311.07339.99350.26408.80374.99341.22394.81286.15

342.00375.12381.30320.05346.25450.77392.00379.49276.77

173.06

243.44268.46186.95

164.28169.71129.27139.08

214.90222.61153.67

273.42339.53258.46185.07

141.50187.28127.51140.94140.69

234.58239.51256.46220.07

109.44

$489.97538.07402.60

565.14572.00533.31653.65408.37

363.65

372.48326.90321.90354.88355.49421.89390.39349.44400.23285.77

350.41369.08404.32328.50357.89475.59378.88407.37283.07

178.48

252.22277.29191.65

190.67198.24151.66148.76

204.34211.39154.84

277.70347.64255.57184.46

149.84193.13134.66149.18155.01

250.66249.16253.53253.16

112.20

$485.96532.52395.60

560.35567.31531.23638.98417.00

361.19

371.52326.04318.08351.27357.22416.56388.61350.83398.58283.88

348.19359.04396.81338.50354.94477.20383.55387.35281.86

171.78

251.95278.06189.34

167.38172.78133.29141.00

202.06208.57148.99

270.80334.95255.57183.46

140.32189.28125.15139.50141.75

246.51244.83250.25248.57

108.93

$361.95

173.92

95




Industry1972SIC

Code


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987"

Feb.1987P


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Retail trade—ContinuedMiscellaneous retail

Drug stores and proprietary storesMiscellaneous shopping goods stores ....Nonstore retailersFuel and ice dealersRetail stores, nee



Credit agencies other than banksSavings and loan associationsPersonal credit institutions

Insurance carriersLife insuranceMedical service and health insuranceFire, marine, and casualty insurance

Services

Hotels and other lodging places:Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

Personal services:Laundry, cleaning, and garment servicesBeauty shops4

Business servicesAdvertisingServices to buildingsComputer and data processing services

Auto repair, services, and garages

Automotive repair shops

Miscellaneous repair services

Motion pictures

Motion picture production and services ..


Health servicesOffices of physiciansOffices of dentistsNursing and personal care facilitiesHospitals

Legal servicesMiscellaneous services

Engineering and architectural services ...Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..


59591594596598599

60602

61612614

63631632633

701

721723

73731734737

75753

76

78781

79

80801802805806

81

89891893

30.428.428.733.038.732.1

36.5

36.436.4

37.636.637.6

37.637.038.037.5

32.5

30.8

34.029.8

33.536.32a538.2

37.538.7

38.0

28.035.5

28.7

32.430.928.031.434.3

34.7

38.739.637.9

30.028.428.332.639.731.3

36.4

36.336.3

37.136.637.3

37.837.438.237.9

32.4

29.4

33.629.5

33.535.828.638.3

37.338.3

38.3

28.937.5

28.2

32.630.928.631.534.5

34.8

38.839.638.4

31.228.630.035.139.932.8

36.6

36.436.4

37.236.237.5

37.537.138.337.2

32.4

30.2

34.430.4

33.536.128.338.0

37.438.7

37.9

27.934.6

28.6

32.431.028.131.534.1

34.8

38.339.637.0

29.727.728.032.539.531.0

36.5

36.336.4

37.136.537.2

37.537.238.437.1

32.2

29.5

34.029.3

33.135.827.937.8

37.138.4

37.5

27.834.6

28.1

32.330.928.031.434.1

34.6

38.439.237.8

36.7

32.3




C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailedIndustry—Continued

Industry1972SIC

Code


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Retail trade—ContinuedMiscellaneous retail

Drug stores and proprietary storesMiscellaneous shopping goods stores ....Nonstore retailersFuel and ice dealersRetail stores, nee



Credit agencies other than banksSavings and loan associationsPersonal credit institutions

Insurance carriersLife insuranceMedical service and health insuranceFire, marine, and casualty insurance

Services

Hotels and other lodging places:Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

Personal services:Laundry, cleaning, and garment servicesBeauty shops4

Business servicesAdvertisingServices to buildingsComputer and data processing services

Auto repair, services, and garages

Automotive repair shops

Miscellaneous repair services

Motion picturesMotion picture production and services ..


Health servicesOffices of physiciansOffices of dentistsNursing and personal care facilitiesHospitals

Legal services

Miscellaneous servicesEngineering and architectural services ...Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..

59591594596598599

60602

61612614

63631632633

701

721723

73731734737

75753

76

78781

79

80801802805806

81

89891893

$6.125.635.726.958.756.31

8.34

7.18

7.647.187.27

9.098.629.089.42

8.16

5.97

5.996.16

8.4311.316.4711.61

7.588.17

8.84

12.4016.98

6.80

8.338.198.275.799.36

11.18

11.7112.669.85

$6.075.565.676.698.936.24

8.14

6.996.83

7.456.937.24

8.808.298.939.13

8.12

6.02

5.926.15

8.3710.966.3911.43

7.538.17

8.80

13.5418.47

7.36

8.228.088.165.759.21

10.80

11.4912.609.51

$6.135.685.647.049.026.27

8.46

7.317.07

7.797.377.35

9.278.839.309.57

8.31

6.18

6.106.22

8.4711.256.4811.73

7.718.30

8.94

12.9617.30

7.21

8.448.298.365.839.54

11.45

11.8812.7810.03

$6.275.755.797.149.116.45

8.58

7.367.12

7.847.337.41

9.358.849.359.68

8.36

6.17

6.076.10

8.5811.236.4811.82

7.718.31

8.93

12.5316.61

7.25

8.508.328.375.869.62

11.59

11.8412.849.93

$8.73

8.40

$186.05159.89164.16229.35338.63202.55

304.41

261.35254.44

287.26262.79273.35

341.78318.94345.04353.25

265.20

183.88

203.66183.57

282.41410.55184.40443.50

284.25316.18

335.92

347.20602.79

195.16

269.89253.07231.56181.81321.05

387.95

453.18501.34373.32

$182.10157.90160.46218.09354.52195.31

296.30

253.74247.93

276.40253.64270.05

332.64310.05341.13346.03

263.09

176.99

198.91181.43

280.40392.37182.75437.77

280.87312.91

337.04

391.31692.63

207.55

267.97249.67233.38181.13317.75

375.84

445.81498.96365.18

$191.26162.45169.20247.10359.90205.66

309.64

266.08257.35

289.79266.79275.63

347.63327.59356.19356.00

269.24

186.64

209.84189.09

283.75406.13183.38445.74

288.35321.21

338.83

361.58598.58

206.21

273.46256.99234.92183.65325.31

398.46

455.00506.09371.11

$186.22159.28162.12232.05359.85199.95

313.17

267.17259.17

290.86267.55275.65

350.63328.85359.04359.13

269.19

182.02

206.38178.73

284.00402.03180,79446.80

286.04319.10

334.88

348.33574.71

203.73

274.55257.09234.36184.00328.04

401.01

454.66503.33375.35

$320.39

271.32


2 See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in the aircraft industry (SIC3721).

3 Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of$50,000,000 or more.

4 Money payments only; tips, not included.

5 Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in thisdivision.

- Data not available.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

March 1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all unadjusted data from April 1985 forward are subject torevision.

97


A Note on Average Hourly Earningsin Aircraft Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' averagehourly earnings series for production workers in 'aircraftmanufacturing (sic 3721) has been used to escalate labor costsin contracts between aircraft companies and their customers.Although the Bureau's series by definition takes account oftraditional wage rate changes, it does not capture "lump-sumpayments to workers in lieu of general wage increases" whichwere negotiated in aircraft manufacturers' collective bargain-ing agreements beginning in late 1983.

As a service to aircraft companies and other interested parties,BLS has calculated an average hourly earnings series for sic 3721which includes lump-sum payments. This series is presented intable C-2a along with the average hourly earnings series produc-ed as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. Theseries begins in October 1983, the effective date of the first air-craft bargaining agreement using lump-sum payments.

The general practice in the industry has been to make thispayment at the beginning of the contract year "in lieu of awage increase" and to base the amount of the payment on theworkers' earnings during the preceding year. As a result, theBureau considered three approaches to the method forcalculating an average hourly earnings series which includeslump-sum payments:

1. The entire payment could be included in the month inwhich the payment was made.

2. The payments could be prorated backward to payrollperiods used to determine the amount of the lump-sumpayment.

3. The payments could be prorated forward as an advance

payment for payroll periods in the year following thepayment.

The first approach, attractive because it includes the pay-ment in the month in which it is received by the worker, creates1-month "spikes" and a series which would not be useful forescalation purposes. The second approach, which prorates thepayments backward, places emphasis on the determination ofthe amount of the payment from workers' earnings in theprevious year. This approach generally relates the payments tothe workers who receive them. However, the Bureau hasreceived statements from both union and company officialswho negotiated the agreements covering a majority of theworkers in the industry. These statements make clear that theintent of the bargainers was to make an advance payment forthe upcoming contract year in lieu of an increase in wage ratesfor that following year.

Because BLS has a longstanding policy of leaving the interpreta-tion of collective bargaining agreements to the parties involved,the Bureau calculated the inclusion of lump-sum payments usingthe third method, prorating the payments forward through theyears covered by the contract. Because the payments prorated for-ward under this approach may include payments to workers nolonger on the payroll, data provided by the aircraft companieshave been used to adjust for this difference.

Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changesin the way that employees are compensated. The changes arewidespread and they differ by industry. Because of thesedevelopments, the Bureau plans to conduct a broad-basedreview of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings andwage programs to determine the proper treatment of lump-sum payments and other new compensation practices.

C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721)

Year

198319841985 ..19861987

19831984198519861987

Annualaverage Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Average hourly earnings, excluding lump-sum payments

$12.9113.1813.48

$13.1113.4013.78

$12.8213.0113.38

p 13.60

$12.9513.2613.58

p 14.13

$12.8813.1213.44

$13.0213.3613.64

$12.8513.1113.46

$12.8113.0413.46

$12.7813.0613.38

$12.8713.1113.42

$12.8913.0513.41

$12.8713.1613.43

$12.9713.2613.48

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum payments

$13.0213.3313.66

$12.9813.2613.66

$12.9713.2713.58

$13.0613.3313.63

$13.1113.2913.61

$13.0913.3913.63

$13.1913.4813.68

$13.0413.3513.52

$13.2613.5414.12

$12.8313.0513.3713.66

$12.9213.2813.5714.23

$12.9313.1313.4813.64

$13.0313.3713.6814.19


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEARNINGS


C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls

Industry Avg.1986

Feb.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Manufacturing

Durable goodsLumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachinery, except electricalElectrical and electronic equipmentTransportation equipmentInstruments and related products ...Miscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile products .Paper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products

$9.33

9.878.027.219.49

11.379.47

10.159.35

12.229.177.34

8.578.33

12.556.625.69

10.559.61

11.4713.508.385.78

$9.33

9.888.077.129.45

11.399.45

10.119.29

12.219.117.29

8.538.35

12.236.555.67

10.449.52

11.3513.588.325.75

$9.41

9.948.007.309.64

11.319.56

10.169.47

12.339.247.45

8.678.48

12.656.755.71

10.629.74

11.6613.668.455.83

$9.44

9.967.987.319.66

11.279.58

10.179.55

12.339.307.50

8.718.52

12.836.765.75

10.589.81

11.6513.768.485.90

$9.45

9.97ft0ft

ftft(2)oft2

$8.71ft0ft0

8ftftftft

Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rateof time and one-half.

2 Not available.p = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projectedfrom March 1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmarkdata are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1985 forward aresubject to revision.

99


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEARNINGSNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers'on privatenonagricultural payrolls by major Industry, In current and constant (1977) dollars.

Industry


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P


Avg.1986

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Feb.1987P

Total private:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Mining:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Construction:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Manufacturing:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Transportation and public utilities:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Wholesale trade:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Retail trade:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Finance, insurance, and real estate:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

Services:Current dollarsConstant (1977) dollars

$8.754.91

12.456.99

12.426.97

9.735.46

11.636.53

9.355.24

6.023.38

8.344.68

8.164.58

$8.724.88

12.246.85

12.346.91

9.705.43

11.596.49

9.285.20

6.033.37

8.144.55

8.124.55

$8.834.92

12.607.02

12.707.08

9.845.48

11.716.53

9.475.28

6.053.37

8.464.71

8.314.63

$8.874.91

12.626.99

12.536.94

9.835.45

11.676.46

9.485.25

6.073.36

8.584.75

8.364.63

$8.890

$12.510

$12.480

$9.850

$11.76

0

$9.500

$6.060

$8.730

$8.400

$304.50170.88

526.64295.53

465.75261.36

396.01222.23

455.90255.84

359.04201.48

175.7898.64

304.41170.82

265.20148.82

$302.58169.32

543.46304.12

459.05256.88

394.79220.92

452.01252.94

355.42198.89

173.0696.84

296.30165.81

263.09147.22

$308.17171.78

536.76299.20

468.63261.22

409.34228.17

459.03255.87

363.65202.70

178.4899.49

309.64172.60

269.24150.08

$305.13168.95

535.09296.28

467.37258.79

401.06222.07

451.63250.07

361.19199.99

171.7895.12

313.17173.41

269.19149.05

$307.59

$531.680

$459.260

$400.900

$460.99

$361.950

$173.920

$320.390

$271.320

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers intransportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,insurance, and real estate; and services.

2 Not available.p = preliminary.

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage* Earners andClerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced all unadjusted data from April 1985 forward are subject torevision.

100


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURS

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrollsby major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

Industry1986


1987

Jan." Feb.p

Total private

Mining

Construction

ManufacturingOvertime hours

Durable goodsOvertime hours

Lumber and wood productsFurniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industries



Nondurable goodsOvertime hours

Food and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products


Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services

34.9

0ft40.7

3.441.4

3.540.039.741.942.141.841.541.640.942.743.441.2

39.73.2

39.8ft40.636.343.538.041.843.7ftft

39.5

38.4

29.3

ft

32.6

34.9

ft

ft

40.73.4

41.43.6

40.239.441.941.941.741.441.641.042.743.341.3ft

39.83.2

39.9ft40.736.543.538.041.943.8ftft

39.6

38.5

29.3

32.5

34.8

ft

ft

40.73.4

41.33.6

40.339.142.441.340.541.241.841.142.141.941.3ft

39.93.3

40.2(2)41.336.943.038.041.943.6ftft39.2

38.5

29.2

032.5

34.8

ft040.7

3.441.2

3.440.339.442.341.741.541.141.841.041.941.840.9ft

39.93.4

40.2ft41.136.543.238.042.043.4ftft

39.2

38.4

29.2

ft

32.5

34.7

ft

ft

40.63.3

41.23.5

39.939.442.241.641.141.141.741.042.242.441.0039.8

3.240.0ft40.836.543.137.841.944.0ftft

39.1

38.3

29.1

ft

32.4

34.7

ft

ft

40.63.4

41.13.5

40.139.442.241.341.241.141.441.142.142.440.8ft

39.83.4

40.0040.936.643.237.941.943.5ftft39.2

38.3

29.2

ft

32.4

34.8

ft

ft

40.83.5

41.43.5

40.239.942.541.941.541.241.741.242.642.841.0ft

40.03.4

40.3ft41.436.543.538.042.144.3ftft

39.1

38.4

29.2

ft

32.4

34.7

ft

ft

40.83.5

41.43.6

40.140.042.542.041.641.541.741.242.642.740.7ft

39.93.3

39.7ft41.636.743.038.042.043.4ftft

38.9

38.2

29.2

ft

32.3

34.7

ft

ft

40.73.5

41.33.6

40.339.842.342.342.341.241.640.942.142.141.1ft

39.93.4

39.8041.536.743.038.042.243.7ftft

39.1

38.4

29.1

ft32.4

34.8

ft

ft

40.83.5

41.43.6

40.739.641.942.442.541.441.741.042.342.641.2ft

40.13.5

40.0ft41.536.943.238.142.543.8ftft

39.3

38.3

29.3

ft

32.5

34.6

ft

ft

40.83.5

41.33.6

40.439.642.142.542.741.141.541.042.142.641.3ft

40.13.5

39.8ft41.937.043.438.142.243.6ftft

39.0

38.2

28.9

ft32.4

34.8

ft

ft

40.93.6

41.63.6

40.740.043.042.742.741.541.940.942.343.241.2ft

40.13.5

40.1ft41.836.943.637.842.345.5ftft

39.1

38.3

28.9

ft

32.4

35.0

ft

ft

41.23.6

41.83.7

41.040.043.342.641.941.742.141.342.743.741.2ft

40.33.5

40.1042.237.543.638.142.545.2ftft

39.5

38.5

29.4

ft

32.5


2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because theseasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

March 1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1982 forward aresubject to revision.

101


ESTABLISHMENT DATAHOURSSEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervlsory workers 1 on private nonagriculturalpayrolls by major Industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

(1977=100)

IndustryFeb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

1987

Jan.p Feb.p

Total private

Goods-producing

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing




Nondurable goodsFood and kindred productsTobacco manufacturesTextile mill productsApparel and other textile productsPaper and allied productsPrinting and publishingChemicals and allied productsPetroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plastics productsLeather and leather products

Service-producing


Wholesale trade

Retail trade


Services

117.5

98.8

99.3

126.3

93.5

92.198.1

104.987.466.855.190.689.6

103.297.989.4

105.882.4

95.598.282.877.385.5

102.0127.093.381.0

112.1

61.3

127.8

108.0

119.8

118.3

135.4

143.7

117.4

98.5

95.0

126.6

93.3

91.798.6

104.487.465.653.690.289.3

102.997.188.4

106.181.8

95.798.485.477.885.4

102.0127.493.480.4

112.7

60.9

127.8

108.2

120.1

118.4

135.6

143.5

117.8

99.4

90.2

133.7

93.2

91.599.3

103.689.264.751.890.189.4

103.095.685.3

106.181.6

95.899.181.678.486.6

101.0127.893.280.1

111.8

58.5

127.9

106.8

120.6

118.1

135.4

144.2

117.7

98.8

85.3

132.6

92.9

91.099.3

104.988.864.852.689.488.9

102.894.283.4

104.581.2

95.799.582.178.485.2

101.7127.892.979.7

111.8

57.5

128.2

106.8

120.2

118.5

135.8

144.8

117.3

98.0

83.4

130.3

92.4

90.398.5

104.988.262.751.688.988.3

100.694.984.5

104.581.7

95.699.979.577.984.8

101.7127.693.280.8

111.7

56.8

128.0

104.3

119.0

118.4

137.6

145.2

117.9

98.1

83.7

132.2

92.2

89.998.7

105.287.961.851.788.187.0

102.793.982.5

103.580.1

95.799.881.578.585.3

101.5128.793.279.1

110.5

56.4

128.9

106.7

119.8

119.1

137.8

145.9

118.4

98.9

83.0

134.0

92.9

90.799.9

107.188.161.949.088.587.5

103.295.984.8

104.580.1

96.1100.172.279.685.0

101.6128.694.081.3

112.6

56.9

129.2

105.7

120.2

119.3

139.1

146.4

118.3

98.7

81.2

134.2

92.7

90.5100.5107.688.361.848.489.485.8

102.995.984.4

103.579.9

96.098.976.679.685.6

101.2128.993.478.9

113.4

56.6

129.2

106.6

119.3

119.6

138.7

146.0

118.6

98.5

82.1

133.0

92.6

90.1101.4107.387.362.249.788.685.3

102.394.982.1

104.279.9

96.399.077.579.985.9

102.0129.793.779.4

113.5

56.8

129.7

107.3

119.8

119.7

139.7

146.8

119.3

98.8

81.1

131.8

93.3

90.6103.3106.386.762.649.389.085.1

102.996.384.6

103.981.3

97.2100.678.980.786.4

102.7130.294.679.6

114.8

57.5

130.7

108.6

119.5

120.8

141.1

147.9

119.0

99.0

81.4

132.2

93.4

90.5103.2106.587.762.949.588.884.6

102.995.684.1

104.582.5

97.6100.178.481.787.6

103.7130.893.479.3

115.2

58.9

130.1

108.2

119.2

119.2

140.7

148.2

119.8

100.3

79.9

139.9

93.6

90.8104.3107.989.962.048.089.485.7

102.395.184.3

104.283.3

97.6100.676.981.887.0

103.4130.194.182.7

115.3

59.2

130.6

108.7

119.6

119.8

141.2

148.4

121.1

100.9

81.6

138.6

94.5

91.9105.5108.291.164.153.289.886.9

103.596.586.4

103.983.5

98.2100.972.683.187.9

103.6131.094.683.0

115.4

61.1

132.2

110.0

120.3

122.7

142.3

149.7

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers intransportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,insurance, and real estate; and services.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected fromMarch 1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data areintroduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1982 forward aresubject to revision.

102


ESTABLISHMENT DATAEARNINGS

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers 1

on private nonagrlcultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted

Industry1986

Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.

1987

Dec. Jan.p Feb.p

Hourly Earnings lndex2(1977=100)

Total private (in current dollars)

MiningConstructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilities .Wholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices

Total private (in constant dollars)4

Total privateMiningConstructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilities .Wholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices

Total private:In current dollarsIn constant (1977) dollars4.

168.2

0149.7171.3169.60

157.30

173.1

94.4

168.5

0149.2171.8170.2

(3)157.4

(3)174.0

95.0

168.4

ft150.6172.0169.3

(3)157.3ft

173.1

95.3

168.7

151.0172.5170.10

157.20

173.4

95.3

169.2

151.4172.5170.7

(3)157.8ft

174.3

95.2

168.9

ft150.8172.7170.3ft

157.7ft

173.4

95.0

169.3

ft151.3172.9170.1ft

158.5ft

174.3

95.1

169.6

ft151.2172.8170.8ft

159.10

174.4

94.9

170.0

ft152.6173.1170.9ft

159.1ft

175.3

95.0

170.8

ft154.0173.2171.2ft

159.3ft

176.6

95.3

170.6

ft153.9173.5171.2ft

159.3ft

175.8

95.0

170.6

ft151.7173.5171.1ft

158.1ft

176.8

94.3

171.4

ft151.4174.1172.8ft

158.3ft

178.2

ft


$8.71ft

$12.299.68

11.629.345.998.218.11

$8.73ft

$12.239.70

11.659.366.018.278.16

$8.72ft

$12.349.68

11.589.275.998.288.11

$8.73ft

$12.389.72

11.629.295.998.318.12

$8.74ft

$12.439.71

11.639.356.008.408.17

$8.73ft

$12.409.73

11.629.316.008.338.12

$8.77ft

$12.439.76

11.629.376.038.418.16

$8.76ft

$12.439.74

11.649.356.058.378.17

$8.80ft

$12.539.77

11.679.396.058.418.21

$8.84ft

$12.659.77

11.689.476.078.568.28

$8.82ft

$12.629.78

11.659.436.078.448.24

$8.83ft

$12.439.78

11.649.416.038.548.29

$8.87ft

$12.429.83

11.759.486.018.658.34


303.98170.58

304.68171.84

303.46171.83

303.80171.54

303.28170.57

302.93170.38

305.20171.46

303.97170.20

305.36170.69

307.63171.57

305.17170.01

307.28169.96

310.45ft


2 Excludes the effects of two types of changes that are unrelated tounderlying wage rate movements: Fluctuations in overtime in manufacturingand interindustry employment shifts.

3 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because theseasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.4 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical

Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.5 Not available.p = preliminary.NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March

1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,all seasonally adjusted data from January 1982 forward are subject torevision.

103


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGSNOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selectedareas

State and areaAverage weekly hours

Jan.1986

41.142.040.9

35.6

40.8

40.239.340.141.141.8

40.1

39.339.9

42.240.442.741.741.641.643.6

41.441.3

38.0

40.740.241.340.439.042.341.139.740.9

41.140.843.5

37.438.1

38.2

40.738.140.039.841.740.141.241.238.442.843.342.840.5

Dec.1986

41.941.642.0

38.5

41.4

41.342.242.641.746.6

41.1

41.141.9

42.441.942.743.041.839.843.2

42.342.4

38.8

42.143.741.940.740.841.944.241.544.3

41.641.745.8

39.739.5

38.3

41.641.941.541.942.240.840.642.742.640.741.244.141.7

Jan.1987P

41.141.841.9

33.8

40.5

41.040.641.240.844.0

39.8

38.037.5

42.341.742.743.041.339.844.2

42.843.2

38.8

40.841.441.539.539.241.642.640.241.1

40.640.042.4

37.737.7

37.8

41.342.140.039.341.939.940.740.741.139.941.444.040.6


Jan.1986

$8.718.9010.33

13.45

9.61

7.716.848.288.299.92

10.31

9.5910.55

9.8110.1810.1810.249.4710.068.45

10.3611.88

10.13

8.027.698.267.656.898.279.757.578.59

8.2810.0110.50

8.889.00

9.53

10.539.8910.689.3610.2512.5313.4511.3410.189.9712.7711.1611.48

Dec.1986

$8.718.7310.38

12.87

10.04

7.957.108.068.4511.95

10.58

9.9711.02

10.2310.6510.6010.709.9411.228.73

10.6012.55

10.44

8.137.989.007.897.098.5310.237.569.00

8.4410.3610.81

9.059.30

9.73

10.7310.1310.679.4810.5912.0813.8811.8310.1110.9312.8511.0812.03

Jan.1987P

$8.748.7510.17

12.41

9.99

7.837.018.088.3210.79

10.61

9.8110.77

10.2910.6310.5910.6810.0011.248.78

11.4113.56

10.51

8.027.838.597.677.028.369.897.528.62

8.3910.3710.38

9.309.57

9.81

10.7710.1210.849.4710.5712.0513.8011.7010.1010.8312.7911.2911.73


Jan.1986

$357.98373.80422.50

478.82

392.09

309.94268.81332.03340.72414.66

413.43

376.89420.95

413.98411.27434.69427.01393.95418.50368.42

428.90490.64

384.94

326.41309.14341.14309.06268.71349.82400.73300.53351.33

340.31408.41456.75

332.11342.90

364.05

428.57376.81427.20372.53427.43502.45554.14467.21390.91426.72552.94477.65464.94

Dec.1986

$364.95363.17435.96

495.50

415.66

328.34299.62343.36352.37556.87

434.84

409.77461.74

433.75446.23452.62460.10415.49446.56377.14

448.38532.12

405.07

342.27348.73377.10321.12289.27357.41452.17313.74398.70

351.10432.01495.10

359.29367.35

372.66

446.37424.45442.81397.21446.90492.86563.53505.14430.69444.85529.42488.63501.65

Jan.1987P

$359.21365.75426.12

419.46

404.60

321.03284.61332.90339.46474.76

422.28

372.78403.88

435.27443.27452.19459.24413.00447.35388.08

488.35585.79

407.79

327.22324.16356.49302.97275.18347.78421.31302.30354.28

340.63414.80440.11

350.61360.79

370.82

444.80426.05433.60372.17442.88480.80561.66476.19415.11432.12529.51496.76476.24

AlabamaBirminghamMobile

Alaska

Arizona


California

Denver

ConnecticutBridgeport-MilfordHartfordNew BritainNew Haven-MeridenStamfordWaterbury

DelawareWilmington

District of Columbia:Washington MSA

FloridaFort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano BeachJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMiami-HialeahOrlandoPensacolaTampa-St. Petersburg-ClearwaterWest Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

GeorgiaAtlantaSavannah

Hawaii

Honolulu

Idaho

IllinoisAurora-ElginBloomington-NormalChampaign-Urbana-RantoulChicagoDavenport-Rock Island-MolineDecaturJolietKankakeeLake CountyPeoriaRockfordSpringfield


104


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS


C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls In States and selectedareas—Continued


Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.198?


Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

/ Jan.


Dec. Jan.1987P

Indiana.

IowaCedar Rapids.Des Moines ...DubuqueSioux City

Kansas....Topeka..Wichita.

KentuckyLexington-Fayette.,Louisville

LouisianaBaton Rouge .New Orleans..Shreveport

MaineLewiston-Auburn..Portland

MarylandBaltimore MSA

MassachusettsBostonBrocktonFall RiverLawrence-Haverhill.LowellNew BedfordSpringfieldWorcester

MichiganAnn ArborBattle CreekDetroitFlintGrand RapidsJacksonKalamazooLansing-East LansingMuskegonSaginaw-Bay City-Midland

MinnesotaDuluthMinneapolis-St. Paul.St. Cloud


MissouriKansas City.St. Joseph...St. LouisSpringfield...

Montana

41.4

40.641.840.140.441.0

40.342.139.1

39.136.940.6

41.642.240.639.9

40.438.538.7

39.941.1

41.540.3001

0)41.740.1

43.344.641.044.644.440.941.743.642.240.944.9

40.536.840.840.0

40.440.7

40.840.339.841.437.6

39.3

42.3

41.643.439.541.739.4

41.040.241.4

40.538.542.6

42.941.542.044.0

41.540.240.0

41.842.7

41.541.01

)

842.740.843.746.343.144.943.341.742.944.344.342.144.1

41.437.541.538.7

40.840.9

41.541.838.842.342.8

38.7

41.8

41.040.441.441.139.9

40.541.138.8

40.037.440.7

41.241.440.740.7

40.939.639.1

41.0

40.440.2

()42.640.1

42.846.743.443.643.040.643.243.043.242.143.5

40.733.040.938.4

40.140.1

39.641.140.740.739.3

38.7

$10.87

10.3911.1811.5911.858.34

9.6311.489.97

9.5510.4610.65

10.5112.5410.6110.92

8.576.939.03

9.8910.43

9.029.85O

()O(1)8.969.28

12.8713.6713.4613.6714.7410.8010.1411.8614.4711.3114.22

10.2110.6611.009.53

7.378.29

9.8411.159.50

11.359.05

10.95

$10.88

10.2411.5710.989.328.58

10.0610.6910.98

10.0110.2411.12

10.6612.3710.5412.06

8.777.389.31

10.1010.80

9.5010.37

8I

O9.049.57

12.8414.0613.8113.7914.6010.7510.2511.9714.2511.6913.84

10.2510.7410.969.03

7.588.57

9.7511.319.45

11.298.60

10.73

$10.95

10.1311.3911.189.168.60

9.9710.9510.74

9.7010.5311.09

10.7412.2610.7411.33

8.787.279.31

10.1410.72

9.5010.25(1)01

()9.009.52

12.9014.3314.0413.8414.7410.9210.2311.9314.1411.6214.26

10.3510.7211.129.00

7.598.57

9.8711.429.81

11.348.62

10.73

$450.02

421.83467.32464.76478.74341.94

388.09483.31389.83

373.41385.97432.39

437.22529.19430.77435.71

346.23266.81349.46

394.61428.67

374.33396.9600

373.63372.13

557.27609.68551.86609.68654.46441.72422.84517.10610.63462.58638.48

413.51392.29448.80381.20

297.75337.40

401.47449.35378.10469.89340.28

430.34

$460.22

425.98502.14433.71388.64338.05

412.46429.74454.57

405.41394.24473.71

457.31513.36442.68530.64

363.96296.68372.40

422.18461.16

394.25425.17

386.01390.46

561.11650.98595.21619.17632.18448.27439.72530.27631.27492.15610.34

424.35402.75454.84349.46

309.26350.51

404.63472.76366.66477.57368.08

415.25

$457.71

415.33460.16462.85376.48343.14

403.79450.05416.71

388.00393.82451.36

442.49507.56437.12461.13

359.10287.89364.02

413.71439.52

412.05(1)0O1

()383.40381.75

552.12669.21609.34603.42633.82443.35441.94512.99610.85489.20620.31

421.25353.76454.81345.60

304.36343.66

390.85469.36399.27461.54338.77

415.25


105





Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P


Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P


Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P


NevadaLas Vegas .

New Hampshire.Nashua

New JerseyBergen-PassaicCamdenJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon..NewarkTrenton

New Mexico....Albuquerque .

New YorkAlbany-Schenectady-Troy .BinghamtonBuffaloElmiraGlens FallsNassau-SuffolkNew York PMSANew York CityNiagara FallsOrange CountyPougnkeepsieRochesterRockland CountySyracuseUtica-RomeWestchester County

North CarolinaAshevilleCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock HillGreensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point..Raleigh-Durham

North DakotaFargo-Moorhead .


OklahomaOklahoma CityTulsa


40.339.040.1

39.739.5

41.041.1

41.440.942.039.542.640.641.1

39.338.9

39.741.039.942.540.093.939.537.336.942.139.341.241.841.741.040.739.5

40.541.640.239.841.7

38.738.3

42.242.740.141.841.840.943.742.942.3

41.542.339.4

39.039.639.537.0

40.741.840.2

41.640.7

42.543.7

41.5

40.441.2

40.641.240.843.241.396.440.738.037.741.839.143.442.840.541.943.539.3

41.642.542.641.142.7

38.438.6

43.143.541.843.043.441.442.842.942.9

41.942.041.1

39.640.439.738.1

41.141.040.4

40.240.6

41.742.4

41.4

40.140.5

40.140.040.942.241.1

%%,37.737.441.739.242.341.941.141.442.139.3

40.741.841.839.542.0

37.937.5

42.743.142.642.143.241.242.043.642.8

40.139.539.8

38.839.239.236.2

$9.209.619.76

9.1611.16

8.5910.26

10.079.61

10.218.95

10.739.96

10.83

8.568.71

9.899.948.99

12.279.334.049.619.128.92

12.797.478.70

12.109.54

11.029.16

10.49

7.447.477.598.138.49

8.128.44

11.5711.1011.2310.7011.3411.0512.2312.4113.57

10.0411.0110.50

10.6710.8910.859.63

$9.349.85

10.08

9.6311.45

9.0411.15

10.32!

9.069.28

10.0610.429.07

11.939.474.19

10.159.409.21

12.708.069.16

12.079.80

11.439.56

10.75

7.707.727.948.518.73

8.318.60

11.7911.4511.4110.9811.6511.4211.9012.5513.51

9.8910.9310.56

10.5110.6910.859.39

$9.439.76

10.17

9.6311.82

9.0110.91

10.33

8.959.17

10.0710.449.0211.969.52

&9.489.31

12.798.129.17

12.049.91

11.399.51

10.66

7.697.738.048.538.69

8.318.58

11.7711.4211.5110.8111.6811.4711.9012.7313.46

9.8911.0810.60

10.6310.5910.939.56

$370.76374.79391.38

363.65440.82

352.19421.69

416.90393.05428.82353.53457.10404.38445.11

336.41338.82

392.63407.54358.70521.48373.20379.36379.60340.18329.15538.46293.57358.44505.78397.82451.82372.81414.36

301.32310.75305.12323.57354.03

314.24323.25

488.25473.97450.32447.26474.01451.95534.45532.39574.01

416.66465.72413.70

416.13431.24428.58356.31

$380.14411.73405.22

400.61466.02

384.20487.26

428.28

88I!)

366.02382.34

408.44429.30370.06515.38391.11403.92413.11357.20347.22530.86315.15397.54516.60396.90478.92415.86422.48

320.32328.10338.24349.76372.77

319.10331.96

508.15498.08476.94472.14505.61472.79509.32538.40579.58

414.39459.06434.02

416.20431.88430.75357.76

$387.57400.16410.87

387.13479.89

375.72462.58

427.66

8I

358.90371.39

403.81417.60368.92504.71391.27

412.27357.40348.19533.34318.30387.89504.48407.30471.55400.37418.94

312.98323.11336.07336.94364.98

314.95321.75

502.58492.20490.33455.10504.58472.56499.80555.03576.09

396.59437.66421.88

412.44415.13428.46

. 346.07


106


ESTABLISHMENT DATASTATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS


C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selectedareas—Continued


Jan.1986

40.038.138.440.642.140.235.140.139.840.939.938.2

I41.2

40.640.340.8

41.341.940.441.2

41.645.6

41.341.843.538.943.138.8

41.341.241.741.740.7

39.840.2

40.542.3

40.640.039.538.740.139.840.641.1

38.6

Dec.1986

41.239.339.240.743.140.638.141.141.242.441.639.141.238.740.942.1

40.841.140.1

42.343.041.042.4

41.944.9

42.143.143.940.042.841.9

42.042.642.843.641.6

38.840.7

42.045.3

41.342.041.942.242.041.541.242.5

40.1

Jan.1987P

40.439.038.740.841.540.037.640.4

41.141.738.30040.441.9

40.841.540.3

41.842.441.541.8

42.245.6

41.442.343.038.944.439.3

41.341.941.543.241.0

38.339.9

40.841.6

40.641.741.741.540.740.740.041.5

39.9


Jan.1986

$9.6810.218.50

11.6210.239.218.259.5010.1111.059.918.310)08.689.11

7.787.337.62

7.839.087.587.68

7.637.77

8.417.399.208.818.749.18

9.649.429.6711.237.39

10.069.64

8.719.44

8.687.357.288.088.379.0610.857.89

11.86

Dec.1986

$9.8610.388.95

11.0310.249.258.399.6310.3111.109.958.61

11.548.098.679.21

8.047.518.01

8.069.267.817.96

8.117.99

8.797.839.009.148.899.87

9.809.6010.0011.147.43

10.049.80

8.949.69

9.027.517.518.458.649.7011.368.41

11.95

Jan.1987P

$9.8410.248.97

10.9110.159.318.369.68

11.079.878.600I1)8.749.22

8.117.598.05

8.049.227.847.96

8.088.27

8.827.898.938.958.919.94

9.799.509.9611.207.45

9.949.79

8.949.86

9.067.517.488.438.559.5911.398.55

11.86


Jan.1986

$387.20389.00326.40471.77430.68370.24289.58380.95402.38451.95395.41317.440)I1)349.80

375.33

315.87295.40310.90

323.38380.45306.23316.42

317.41354.31

347.33308.90400.20342.71376.69356.18

398.13388.10403.24468.29300.77

400.39387.53

352.76399.31

352.41294.00287.56312.70335.64360.59440.51324.28

457.80

Dec.1986

$406.23407.93350.84448.92441.34375.55319.66395.79424.77470.64413.92336.65475.45313.08354.60387.74

328.03308.66321.20

340.94398.18320.21337.50

339.81358.75

370.06337.47395.10365.60380.49413.55

411.60408.96428.00485.70309.09

389.55398.86

375.48438.96

372.53315.42314.67356.59362.88402.55468.03357.43

479.20

Jan.1987P

$397.54399.36347.14445.13421.23372.40314.34391.07

454.98411.58329.38(')(*)

35310386.32

330.89314.99324.42

336.07390.93325.36332.73

340.98377.11

365.15333.75383.99348.16395.60390.64

404.33398.05413.34483.84305.45

380.70390.62

364.75410.18

367.84313.17311.92349.85347.99390.31455.60354.83

473.21

PennsylvaniaAllentown-BethlehemAltoonaBeaver CountyErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle.JohnstownLancasterPhiladelphia PMSAPittsburghReadingScranton-Wilkes-Barre...SharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork

Rhode IslandPawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro.Providence

South CarolinaCharlestonColumbiaGreenville-Spartanburg.,

South Dakota .Sioux Falls....

TennesseeChattanoogaJohnson City-Kingsport-Bristol.KnoxvilleMemphisNashville

TexasDallasFt. Worth-Arlington.HoustonSan Antonio

UtahSalt Lake City-Ogden .

VermontBurlington...

VirginiaBristolCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorthern VirginiaRichmond-Petersburg.Roanoke

Washington.


107





Jan. Dec.1986

Jan.1987P


Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P


Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P


WisconsinAppleton-OshkoshEau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukeeRacineSheboyganWausau

Wyoming

Puerto Rico

Virgin Islands

41.041.938.542.839.8

41.343.939.442.641.138.739.440.941.539.640.241.3

39.1

37.9

42.7

41.343.740.241.342.2

42.042.940.942.439.741.139.540.842.342.143.642.5

41.2

39.5

42.8

39.841.738.740.341.1

41.542.541.141.339.140.740.140.341.642.441.842.4

38.4

39.6

40.9

$10.3012.5511.2012.0711.77

10.4410.1610.4611.4012.3810.498.969.81

11.7411.059.459.96

9.74

5.27

10.35

$10.4112.7112.1112.4512.00

10.5510.7510.3811.5911.9111.739.449.87

11.7110.859.749.84

9.60

5.39

9.74

$10.4613.1010.8112.3411.08

10.5610.7010.4311.4012.0611.738.969.83

11.8210.839.529.92

9.52

5.47

9.93

$422.30525.85431.20516.60468.45

431.17446.02412.12485.64508.82405.96353.02401.23487.21437.58379.89411.35

380.83

199.73

441.94

$429.93555.43486.82514.19506.40

443.10461.18424.54491.42472.83482.10372.88402.70495.33456.79424.66418.20

395.52

212.90

416.87

$416.31546.27418.35497.30455.39

438.24454.75428.67470.82471.55477.41359.30396.15491.71459.19397.94420.61

365.57

216.61

406.14

Not available.= preliminary.

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All Stateand area data have been adjusted to March 1986 benchmarks.

108


PRODUCTIVITY DATASEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Millions of hours (annual rate)1

Dec.1986r

Jan.1987r

Feb.1987P

Percent change

Feb. 1986to

Feb. 1987P

Dec. 1986to

Jan. 1987r

Jan. 1987to

Feb. 1987P

Total

Private sector

MiningConstructionManufacturing


Transportation and public utilities ...Wholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateServices

Government

188,487

154,379

1,622

40,73224,23116,50210,91311,63227,36212,31840,131

34,107

189,107

155,392

1,62610,25340,77024,25016,52010,93611,68627,55912,34640,216

33,715

191,018

156,999

1,62710,18441,03024,46216,56911,08811,77928,24812,41940,622

34,019

3.1

3.1

-16.99.9

.4-.62.02.1

.94.15.45.0

2.9

0.3

.36.0

.1

.1

.1

.2

.5

.7

.2

.2

-1.2

1.0

1.0

.1-.7.6.9.3

1.4.8

2.5.6

1.0

.9

Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,multiplied by 52.

p = preliminary.=revised.

NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely onestablishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2134-1,chapter 13, Productivity Measures: Business Economy and Major Sectors.

SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

109



C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted

(1977=100)

Item

Annual average

1985 1986r

Quarterly index

1984

IV

1985

IV

1986

IV

Business sector

Output per hour of all personsOutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour1

Unit labor costsUnit nonlabor paymentsImplicit price deflator

Nonfarm business sector



Manufacturing


Unit labor costs

Durable goods


Unit labor costs

Nondurable goods


Unit labor costs

Nonfinanclal corporations2

Output per all-employee hourOutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour1

Total unit costsUnit labor costsUnit nonlabor costs

Unit profitsImplicit price deflator

106.4122.7115.3175.398.8

164.8159.7163.0

104.8122.5116.9174.698.4

166.7160.6164.6

121.7120.498.9

176.799.5

145.1

124.6124.7100.1174.998.5

140.3

117.3114.197.3

179.4101.0152.9

106.8124.8116.9172.397.0

165.8161.2179.1133.1161.8

107.1125.8117.5180.9100.0168.9161.6166.3

105.5125.8119.3179.999.4

170.5163.7168.1

125.0123.498.7

181.9100.5145.5

127.9126.598.9

180.799.9

141.3

120.6118.798.5

163.9101.6152.5

106.9127.1118.9176.597.5

169.2165.1181.3133.2164.9

105.6119.0112.7167.197.9

158.3156.7157.7

104.6119.1113.8166.997.8

159.5156.4158.4

115.7115.399.7

166.897.7

144.2

115.4115.6100.2165.396.8

143.3

116.1114.999.0

169.299.1

145.7

105.9120.5113.7164.896.5

160.1155.7173.1138.5157.5

105.5119.5113.3169.098.1

160.2157.0159.0

104.4119.5114.5168.797.9

161.5157.2160.0

117.8117.499.7

169.198.1

143.5

118.3119.1100.7167.297.1

141.4

117.0114.898.1

171.999.8

146.9

105.5120.9114.6166.696.7

162.6157.9176.4130.3158.7

105.5120.2114.0170.698.2

161.7157.7160.3

104.3120.2115.2170.498.1

163.3157.9161.4

118.2117.999.7

171.598.7

145.1

119.1120.5101.2169.497.5

142.3

116.8114.097.6

174.6100.5149.4

105.8122.1115.5168.396.9

163.8159.1177.5130.5159.8

105.7121.3114.8172.398.4

163.1158.3161.4

104.4121.1116.0172.198.3

164.8158.9162.7

119.3118.899.6

173.899.2

145.7

121.4122.6100.9172.098.2

141.6

116.0113.297.6

176.5100.8152.1

106.0123.1116.1169.997.0

164.9160.3178.5129.3160.6

106.4122.3115.0174.598.6

164.0160.0162.6

104.9122.1116.4174.098.3

165.9160.8164.1

121.7119.998.5

175.699.2

144.3

124.4124.199.8

173.297.8

139.2

117.5113.696.7

179.4101.3152.7

106.5124.2116.6171.696.9

165.8161.1179.8130.2161.6

107.3123.5115.2176.499.0

164.4161.4163.4

105.4123.3116.9175.498.5

166.3163.0165.2

123.0121.298.5

178.1100.0144.8

126.3125.699.5

176.599.1

139.8

118.0114.597.0

180.4101.3152.8

107.8126.0116.8173.197.2

165.0160.5178.3141.7162.2

106.4123.8116.4178.099.0

167.3159.6164.6

104.5123.6118.2177.098.4

169.3160.3166.2

122.9121.999.1

179.399.7

145.8

126.4126.4100.0178.099.0

140.8

117.6115.197.9

181.3100.8154.1

107.0126.1117.8174.597.0

167.2163.0179.8131.2162.9

107.3125.3116.8179.199.2

167.0162.2165.3

105.6125.1118.5178.398.8

168.8163.9167.1

123.7122.899.3

180.299.8

145.7

127.1126.999.9

178.999.1

140.8

118.6116.798.3

182.2100.9153.6

106.9126.9118.7175.497.1

168.3164.0181.1131.7164.0

107.4125.4116.7180.4100.2168.0161.9165.8

105.7125.3118.5179.399.7

163.7167.5

124.7122.798.4

181.4100.8145.5

127.4125.798.7

180.2100.1141.4

120.7118.297.9

183.5102.0152.1

106.8126.6118.5176.197.8

168.6164.8179.9132.3164.3

107.3126.0117.4181.7100.4169.3163.4167.2

105.7126.1119.4180.499.6

170.7165.9169.0

125.8123.698.2

182.5100.8145.1

128.6126.298.2

181.3100.1141.0

121.7119.698.2

184.8102.1151.8

106.9127.0118.8176.897.7

169.8165.4182.6135.8165.7

106.6126.5118.7182.6100.2171.4159.1167.0

105.1126.7120.6181.699.6

172.8161.4168.8

125.8124.699.0

183.5100.7145.9

128.7127.298.8

182.6100.2141.8

121.4120.699.3

185.0101.6152.5

()0(3)O

()8

1 Measures of real hourly compensation have been revised to reflectthe most recent information on seasonal variation in the Consumer PriceIndex for All Urban Consumers.

2 The 1986 annual averages for the nonfinancial corporate sector are

preliminary.3 Not available.

=revised.SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

110



C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,seasonally adjusted annual rates

Item

Percent change from

Previous quarter

1985IV

1985I

1986II

1986 1986IV

1986r

Same quarter, previous year

1985IV

1985I

1986II

1986 1986IV

1986r

Business sector



Nonfarm business sector


Unit labor costsUnit nonlabor payments .....Implicit price deflator

Manufacturing


Unit labor costs

Durable goods


Unit labor costs

Nondurable goods

Output per hour of all personsOutput <HoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour1

Unit labor costs

Nonfinancial corporations2

Output per all-employee hourOutputHoursCompensation per hourReal compensation per hour1

Total unit costsUnit labor costsUnit nonlabor costs

Unit profitsImplicit price deflator

3.44.1

.74.42.01.03.71.9

2.24.01.83.2

.91.05.72.6

4.44.3-.15.63.21.2

6.14.9

-1.17.85.41.6

1.83.31.52.1-.2.3

4.95.91.03.41.1

-1.9-1.4-3.340.1

1.7

-3.21.04.33.8-.17.2

-4.33.0

-3.51.04.63.7-.27.4

-6.62.4

-.32.42.72.8

-1.13.0

.52.72.23.3-.52.8

-1.41.93.41.9

-1.93.4

-2.8.5

3.43.3-.55.56.33.3

-26.41.7

3.34.71.42.5

.9- 76.61.8

4.35.1

.83.11.5

-1.29.32.3

2.63.0

.42.1

.5-.5

2.11.5-.62.2

.6

.1

3.55.62.02.2

.6-1.3

-.52.63.12.0

.42.72.53.11.32.5

0.5.3

-.22.84.22.3-.71.2

.5

.6

.12.33.61.8-.61.0

3.2-.4

-3.52.74.1-.5

1.0-3.8-4.82.84.11.7

7.05.3

-1.62.94.2

-3.9

-.3-1.1-.81.62.9

.61.9

-2.72.0

.7

-0.42.02.42.9

.43.33.73.4

-.32.62.92.3-.12.65.53.6

3.62.9-.62.4

.0-1.1

3.71.8

-1.82.5

.0-1.2

3.64.81.22.7

.3-.9

.21.31.21.8-.62.81.66.1

11.03.6

-2.81.74.62.1-.65.0

-10.2-.5

-2.21.94.32.7

.05.1

-10.2-.4

-.13.33.42.1-.62.2

.63.22.53.0

.42.4

-1.23.44.6

.6-2.0

1.9

1.73.41.74.41.02.62.82.7

1.03.12.14.0

.63.03.73.2

4.43.2

-1.25.31.9.9

6.85.4

-1.25.62.1

-1.1

-.3-1.14.91.54.0

2.24.22.03.9

.51.51.61.18.72.2

0.93.02.14.4

.83.41.22.7

.22.82.63.9

.33.71.52.9

4.03.4-.64.51.0.5

6.25.0

-1.15.01.5

-1.1

.71.0.3

3.8.3

3.1

1.23.32.13.7

.22.12.41.3.6

2.0

1.53.31.83.9

.82.42.52.4

1.23.32.13.6

.52.53.12.7

3.73.4-.33.7

.6

.0

4.73.5

-1.14.1

.9-.6

2.23.1

.83.3

.21.0

.93.22.23.2

.12.12.31.51.82.1

1.02.51.63.41.72.41.22.0

.82.71.83.11.42.21.82.1

2.52.3-.23.31.6.8

2.41.3

-1.14.02.41.6

2.74.01.32.3

.6-.4

.32.01.72.61.01.72.3

.01.61.7

0.02.02.03.01.33.01.22.4

.22.32.12.81.22.61.72.3

2.32.0-.32.5

.8

.2

1.8.5

-1.32.71.0.9

3.14.41.22.4

.8-.7

-.9.8

1.72.2

.52.93.12.4

-4.22.1

0.12.22.02.61.22.4-.31.5

.52.52.02.61.22.1

.71.6

2.32.2-.12.31.0.0

1.8.6

-1.22.61.3.8

3.24.81.52.1

.7-1.1

Measures of real hourly compensation have been revised to reflectthe most recent information on seasonal variation in the Consumer PriceIndex for All Urban Consumers.

2 The 1986 annual averages for the nonfinancial corporate sector are

preliminary.3 Not available.

=revised.SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

I l l


STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATANOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas


State and area


Jan.1986

1,817.3425.7120.1203.5127.966.2

243.5

1,521.3946.5298.4

1,029.152.283.6

244.635.3

13,015.41,211.1

214.9274.4

4,021.0135.2997.1312.9826.3625.7144.2989.5864.6790.8174.9174.4172.3172.8

1,683.8127.9897.1

1,700.7226.8406.6

73.3264.9113.5101.1

310.9273.2

321.31,987.9

5,353.3131.0561.7117.996.0

396.9167.5164.8863.4484.9136.9104.8110.7880.5354.4

Dec.1986

1,875.7441.8127.9210.4134.769.3

241.8

1,626.91,011.4

314.0

1,067.854.888.6

256.836.5

13,389.21,271.8

221.1288.7

4,121.0143.2

1,015.6323.7862.9645.1150.6

1,022.3867.1795.4174.5180.0179.0179.0

1,689.2130.6900.3

1,777.1234.6428.4

75.7274.9120.2104.7

330.4289.7

328.42,079.8

5,721.6141.7595.9131.4103.1428.8172.2167.5904.4542.1148.1110.8119.2940.3385.2

Jan.1987P

1,861.9438.4126.5209.2133.668.9

237.1

1,606.5997.3308.1

1,056.553.987.2

253.136.2

13,381.71,277.0

225.2292.1

4,077.0145.3

1,023.4326.1867.9647.3151.6

1,022.3862.2797.8176.5178.2180.7180.2

1,702.7130.9905.4

1,752.8232.1427.8

74.8269.2118.7100.4

321.5280.9

326.72,039.9

5,665.9140.1591.0130.7101.4423.3173.5164.9887.2535.8144.7109.5118.3930.3385.4

U nemployed

Jan.1986

175.633.0

7.521.3

9.44.8

28.4

101.952.316.5

101.92.96.8

16.63.2

852.844.822.734.9

265.018.856.319.648.539.418.943.437.144.2

8.410.721.311.1

124.08.1

56.4

81.913.117.44.2

12.74.06.9

15.314.7

26.475.0

301.56.8

26.15.23.2

20.816.08.1

58.123.1

8.94.44.4

45.118.0

Number

Dec.1986

179.836.49.3

22.39.95.2

27.1

108.357.018.2

96.82.76.3

19.13.7

843.346.927.235.8

246.019.854.621.851.539.917.849.036.041.3

9.49.2

21.611.2

129.57.5

63.7

61.310.013.73.18.62.95.1

12.111.8

24.167.5

264.06.5

21.04.13.0

18.412.79.6

46.819.910.33.73.7

41.215.6

Jan.1987?

186.238.38.7

23.310.25.2

27.6

125.266.020.5

99.72.85.9

18.63.8

917.352.529.940.7

230.022.964.523.656.946.622.256.441.748.210.811.324.314.0

158.29.4

76.2

68.711.414.93.59.73.15.6

12.012.3

26.177.7

327.57.7

26.95.33.9

23.615.311.654.827.310.94.24.9

51.918.8

Jan.1986

9.7in6.3

10.47.37.3

11.7

6.75.55.5

9.95.58.26.89.0

6.63.7

10.612.76.6

13.95.66.35.96.3

13.14.44.35.64.86.2

12.36.4

7.46.36.3

4.85.84.35.84.83.66.8

4.95.4

8.23.8

5.65.24.64.43.35.29.54.96.74.86.54.23.95.15.1


Dec.1986

9.68.27.2

10.67.47.5

11.2

6.75.65.8

9.14.97.17.4

10.2

6.33.7

12.312.46.0

13.95.46.76.06.2

11.84.84.15.25.45.1

12.16.3

7.75.87.1

3.44.33.24.13.12.44.8

3.74.1

7.33.2

4.64.63.53.12.94.37.45.75.23.77.03.33.14.44.1

Jan.1987P

10.08.76.9

11.27.67.6

11.6

7.86.66.6

9.45.16.87.3

10.4

6.94.1

13.313.95.6

15.76.37.26.67.2

14.65.54.86.06.16.3

13.47.8

9.37.18.4

3.94.93.54.73.62.65.6

3.74.4

8.03.8

5.85.54.54.03.85.68.87.06.25.17.63.84.25.64.9

AlabamaBirminghamHuntsvilleMobileMontgomeryTuscaloosa

Alaska



California1

Anaheim-Santa AnaBakersfieldFresnoLos Angeles-Long Beach1

ModestoOaklandOxnard-VenturaRiverside-San BernardinoSacramentoSalinas-Seaside-MontereySan DiegoSan FranciscoSan JoseSanta Barbara-Santa Maria-LompocSanta Rosa-PetalumaStocktonVallejo-Fairfield-Napa


ConnecticutBridgeport-MilfordHartfordNew BritainNew Haven-MeridenStamfordWaterbury

DelawareWilmington

District of ColumbiaWashington

Florida1

Daytona BeachFort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano BeachFort Myers-Cape CoralGainesvilleJacksonvilleLakeland-Winter HavenMelbourne-Titusville-Palm BayMiami-HialeahOrlandoPensacolaSarasotaTallahasseeTampa-St. Petersburg-ClearwaterWest Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach


113



D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued


State and area


Jan.1986

2,885.354.869.3

1,337.9167.996.2

123.7103.4

481.5360.9

449.698.5

5,620.5162.960.982.3

3,082.4182.659.4

190.244.2

244.9155.0145.0104.6

2,722.761.256.486.9

141.3185.9259.4632.5

50.364.960.2

125.061.3

1,371.485.8

205.342.055.155.567.6

1,200.136.285.3

219.8

1,663.6174.4484.6

45.3

1,953.358.1

261.177.1

108.275.267.8

599.6167.5

544.640.4

112.3

2,277.81,114.8

Dec.1986

3,050.955.971.6

1,443.5173.999.0

126.7110.5

493.2370.2

460.9104.0

5,614.0170.962.985.1

3,095.4178.658.1

188.843.3

251.8150.8144.9104.0

2,788.562.260.691.8

145.2193.8261.4663.3

49.966.761.0

129.861.5

1,417.089.0

216.043.757.658.068.9

1,219.538.487.2

224.7

1,703.6182.6500.745.5

1,961.060.5

263.875.9

104.373.970.5

598.8167.1

556.640.2

119.5

2,385.31,162.1

Jan.1987?

3,027.655.872.5

1,438.6174.997.7

126.0109.8

480.0359.6

449.8100.6

5,583.5171.362.483.2

3,070.1178.158.2

186.143.2

246.2151.3145.3103.5

2,728.960.858.989.2

141.6189.4255.1648.149.464.759.7

126.260.2

1,413.289.7

217.344.254.755.368.6

1,215.637.787.5

223.4

1,665.6174.7484.444.3

1,936.060.0

260.174.8

101.373.067.4

590.8165.1

535.639.4

113.1

2,368.21,151.3

Unemployed

Jan.1986

182.25.23.9

64.19.78.38.27.2

25.516.9

46.57.0

485.412.93.84.3

233.421.06.3

15.05.2

14.215.313.36.9

229.64.73.16.0

10.912.931.940.24.43.35.58.95.9

127.86.8

15.04.72.05.39.7

70.11.54.9

13.3

182.410.440.6

5.3

234.85.9

28.99.6

10.410.07.2

60.719.9

38.43.43.8

118.966.8

Number

Dec.1986

173.16.03.7

64.210.57.17.16.7

20.614.2

39.66.2

390.69.53.03.5

193.214.15.0

13.33.6

11.411.710.95.1

179.84.02.14.59.49.8

31.531.83.62.44.26.84.1

90.14.6

10.73.31.34.07.0

65.91.34.2

13.0

144.19.3

31.94.4

262.56.3

28.214.216.010.67.4

65.021.3

24.02.22.4

99.355.7

Jan.1987*

173.05.73.2

64.310.87.16.96.5

21.314.9

48.27.3

459.412.33.64.4

221.415.86.1

15.34.3

13.014.312.96.5

204.45.02.84.5

10.810.833.736.24.32.74.87.34.7

97.75.3

11.23.31.44.37.0

78.01.64.9

14.9

180.511.539.15.3

284.17.1

31.015.316.811.18.2

68.622.8

36.43.03.9

123.966.1

Jan.1986

6.39.45.64.85.88.66.77.0

5.34.7

10.37.1

8.67.96.25.27.6

11.510.67.9

11.75.89.99.26.5

8.47.75.66.97.76.9

12.36.38.75.19.17.19.6

9.38.07.3

11.23.79.6

14.4

5.84.25.76.1

11.06.08.4

11.7

12.010.111.112.49.6

13.310.610.111.9

7.18.33.4

5.26.0


Dec.1986

5.710.75.14.46.17.25.66.1

4.23.8

8.65.9

7.05.64.74.16.27.98.67.08.34.57.87.64.9

6.46.43.54.96.55.1

12.14.87.23.67.05.26.7

6.45.24.97.52.27.0

10.2

5.43.54.85.8

8.55.16.49.7

13.410.410.718.715.314.410.510.912.8

4.35.52.0

4.24.8

Jan.1987P

5.710.24.44.56.27.35.55.9

4.44.1

10.77.2

8.27.25.75.37.28.9

10.68.2

10.05.39.48.96.3

7.58.34.75.07.65.7

13.25.68.84.28.15.87.8

6.95.95.27.62.57.8

10.2

6.44.45.66.7

10.86.68.1

12.1

14.711.811.920.516.615.212.111.613.8

6.87.73.4

5.25.7

GeorgiaAlbanyAthensAtlantaAugustaColumbusMacon-Warner RobinsSavannah

HawaiiHonolulu

IdahoBoise City

Illinois1

Aurora-ElginBloomington-NormalChampaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....ChicagoDavenport-Rock Island-MolineDecaturJolietKankakeeLake CountyPeoriaRockfordSpringfield

IndianaAndersonBloomingtonElkhart-GoshenEvansvilleFort WayneGary-HammondIndianapolisKokomoLafayetteMuncieSouth Bend-MishawakaTerre Haute

IowaCedar RapidsDes MoinesDubuqueIowa CitySioux CityWaterloo-Cedar Falls

KansasLawrenceTopekaWichita LMA

KentuckyLexington-FayetteLouisvilleOwensboro

LouisianaAlexandriaBaton RougeHouma-ThibodauxLafayetteLake CharlesMonroeNew OrleansShreveport

MaineLewiston-AuburnPortland

MarylandBaltimore


114





State and area


Jan.1986

3,022.11,504.5

94.576.847.0

184.7148.584.740.4

243.4206.2

4,319.6(2)ft(2)ftft(2)(2)ft(2)(2)ft

2,177.4(2)ft

56.589.6

1,125.4189.3

2,449.5782.841.0

1,209.8111.4

390.7

771.0115.3305.1

517.4(2)ft

548.489.8

118.0

3,832.0159.9696.7266.2526.4432.5960.2165.756.9

651.1245.7

51.861.5

Dec.1986

3,055.91,524.2

96.977.546.1

180.5148.484.941.0

248.3210.8

4,476.7(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)ftftft

2,236.5(2)ft

57.594.5

1,155.0197.3

2,526.9801.6

41.41,240.3

118.8

397.1

798.1118.1314.5

552.5ft(2)

565.993.2

125.5

3,851.8160.3701.0265.0530.4445.4951.8168.455.4

679.0259.3

56.664.7

Jan.1987P

3,019.81,506.8

94.676.745.2

179.0147.183.540.4

244.6206.7

4,416.5156.261.675.9

2,138.2203.6335.962.5

113.2236.9

67.6181.2

2,202.5102.0

1,308.158.594.9

1,145.6193.0

2,519.1807.140.9

1,241.7116.5

399.6

783.0114.7312.2

551.9(2)ft

556.491.7

122.9

3,813.0159.9689.6261.9521.3440.1945.6168.555.6

666.3255.055.062.9

Unemployed

Jan.1986

122.650.04.05.32.19.35.76.31.8

10.78.2

404.0ftft(2)(2)(2)ft(2)(2)ftft(2)

154.7ft(2)

3.06.9

125.213.6

169.139.83.6

87.76.3

38.0

49.74.4

19.4

40.6ft(2)

21.93.64.4

263.318.142.828.227.926.667.79.67.6

60.416.34.13.6

Number

Dec.1986

95.439.1

3.34.22.07.55.14.41.58.46.2

340.5(2)(2)ftftft(2)(2)ft(2)(2)ft

123.3(2)ft

2.46.1

135.116.0

155.136.2

3.182.4

5.9

31.8

41.53.9

16.7

33.0(2)(2)

14.12.23.0

151.310.824.916.814.814.538.7

5.54.3

63.016.73.73.7

Jan.1987P

123.349.74.35.92.58.26.16.11.9

10.57.9

357.96.24.76.2

158.124.722.5

5.05.7

14.37.4

17.5

140.311.362.0

2.66.6

145.917.1

173.246.23.6

93.06.3

40.3

44.34.2

17.6

35.8ft(2)

16.52.73.8

173.812.228.219.016.717.542.36.45.0

65.316.93.93.8

Jan.1986

4.13.34.26.94.45.03.87.54.34.44.0

9.4(2)(2)(2)(2)ft(2)ftft(2)(2)ft

7.1(2)ft5.37.7

11.17.2

6.95.18.77.35.6

9.7

6.43.86.4

7.8(2)ft

4.04.03.7

6.911.36.1

10.65.36.17.15.8

13.4

9.36.67.95.9


Dec.1986

3.12.63.45.44.44.13.55.13.63.42.9

7.6ftftftftftftftftft(2)ft

5.5(2)ft4.16.4

11.78.1

6.14.57.56.65.0

8.0

5.23.35.3

6.0ft(2)

2.52.32.4

3.96.73.66.32.83.34.13.27.8

9.36.56.65.7

Jan.1987?

4.13.34.57.75.54.64.27.34.74.33.8

8.14.07.78.17.4

12.16.78.05.06.0

10.99.7

6.411.04.74.57.0

12.78.8

6.95.78.77.55.4

10.1

5.73.65.6

6.5ftft

3.02.93.1

4.67.64.17.23.24.04.53.89.0

9.86.67.06.1

Massachusetts1

BostonBrocktonFall RiverFitchburg-LeominsterLawrence-HaverhillLowellNew BedfordPittsfieldSpringfieldWorcester

Michigan1

Ann ArborBattle CreekBenton HarborDetroitFlintGrand RapidsJacksonKalamazooLansing-East LansingMuskegonSaginaw-Bay City-Midland

MinnesotaDuluthMinneapolis-StPaulRochesterSt. Cloud

MississippiJackson

MissouriKansas CitySt. JosephSt. LouisSpringfield

Montana


NevadaLas VegasReno

new naifipsnireNashuaPortsmouth-Dover-Rochester...

New Jersey1

Atlantic CityBergen-PassaicJersey CityMiddlesex-Somerset-HunterdonMonmouth-OceanNewarkTrentonVineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New MexicoAlbuquerqueLas CrucesSanta Fe


115





State and area

Unemployed


Jan.1986

8,420.4409.1128.2435.2

39.549.6

1,381.03,940.93,278.0

123.9126.1494.7315.8134.0

3,160.084.9

586.3502.5379.2

308.040.880.032.5

5,127.2314.8189.2706.6915.0656.8451.7298.6221.2

1,565.931.747.4

508.5346.2

1,313.3130.5597.5119.6

5,493.8316.3

57.466.1

125.9293.6

94.7196.6

2,304.0930.6166.4336.2

47.954.754.9

201.4

499.3164.3325.2

1,550.6208.2214.6307.8

324.136.067.6

Dec.1986

8,453.9411.2124.7438.8

39.650.4

1,417.63,933.83,261.0

125.4126.1490.8318.5134.0

3,218.686.0

602.1503.2390.7

313.143.182.235.1

5,258.9322.9190.3738.5935.9686.7468.0313.7228.7

1,583.130.348.6

512.6358.0

1,353.7135.0617.4121.5

5,478.5306.6

56.561.7

124.6295.2

89.7203.9

2,339.5929.1165.5333.147.155.854.1

200.3

519.6120.0339.5

1,600.6219.5219.0323.7

339.038.969.9

Jan.1987P

8,499.4419.3126.6440.8

40.351.2

1,416.23,946.83,270.0

126.6126.7496.7323.2135.7

3,226.686.0

605.6507.0392.6

305.842.181.433.3

5,195.9317.6187.9725.4918.9676.2460.0307.9225.2

1,562.930.147.9

498.6356.4

1,366.2136.3624.1124.8

5,490.4304.8

56.462.6

124.6299.3

91.7202.0

2,329.8936.5166.6335.1

47.254.454.0

200.7

505.4164.4330.1

1,585.9217.7217.5318.5

330.837.868.4

Jan.1986

560.924.4

9.435.0

3.44.2

62.0265.2240.0

7.45.2

29.123.912.4

186.34.8

29.327.312.4

24.23.94.51.5

474.829.022.450.975.746.233.325.426.0

114.52.02.3

29.926.7

133.513.546.413.0

445.027.8

7.010.511.516.713.98.5

134.887.712.732.6

4.84.05.2

12.7

25.69.6

15.9

109.09.68.6

18.4

20.22.44.0

Number

Dec.1986

460.119.36.1

27.32.23.4

50.5225.3204.0

5.33.9

25.521.8

8.8

155.34.3

23.919.412.2

20.63.03.31.3

418.025.218.745.565.540.030.024.525.1

125.32.42.6

32.529.7

111.610.843.010.7

258.312.93.75.57.88.16.64.3

83.554.7

5.920.4

3.12.52.86.5

19.55.2

12.2

94.010.17.9

15.6

16.91.93.0

Jan.1987P

523.823.07.1

30.22.53.9

51.3264.7243.0

6.64.7

27.123.410.4

169.04.8

24.620.313.2

21.23.13.71.4

451.628.120.155.668.743.130.926.726.0

131.62.62.5

32.531.3

113.810.141.910.8

359.217.05.27.2

10.711.99.56.0

111.477.4

8.728.44.43.33.98.7

22.89.0

14.1

96.410.78.7

15.2

18.12.23.1

Jan.1986

6.76.07.48.18.68.54.56.77.35.94.15.97.69.2

5.95.65.05.43.3

7.99.65.64.5

9.39.2

11.87.28.37.07.48.5

11.7

7.36.24.85.97.7

10.210.47.8

10.8

8.18.8

12.116.09.1

i 5 7

14.64.35.99.47.69.7

10.17.39.56.3

5.15.84.9

7.04.64.06.0

6.26.65.9

Percent ofabor force

Dec.1986

5.44.74.96.25.66.73.65.76.24.23.15.26.96.6

4.85.04.03.93.1

6.66.94.03.6

7.97.89.96.27.05.86.47.8

11.0

7.98.05.36.38.3

8.28.07.08.8

4.74.26.68.96.32.77.42.13.65.93.56.16.64.55.33.3

3.74.33.6

5.94.63.64.8

5.05.04.3

Jan.1987P

6.25.55.66.86.17.63.66.77.45.23.75.57.27.6

5.25.64.14.03.4

6.97.34.54.3

8.78.8

10.77.77.56.46.78.7

11.5

8.48.75.16.58.8

8.37.46.78.6

6.55.69.3

11.58.64.0

10.43.04.88.35.28.59.36.07.24.3

4.55.44.3

6.14.94.04.8

5.55.84.6

New York1

Albany-Schenectady-Troy.BinghamtonBuffaloElmiraGlens FallsNassau-SuffolkNew York

New York City1

Orange CountyPoughkeepsieRochesterSyracuseUtica-Rome

North Carolina1

AshevilleCharlotte-Gastonia-Rock HillGreensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point...Raleigh-Durham

North DakotaBismarckFargo-Moorhead .Grand Forks

Ohio1

AkronCantonCincinnatiClevelandColumbusDayton-Springfield ....ToledoYoungstown-Warren.

OklahomaEnidLawtonOklahoma City .Tulsa

OregonEugene-Springfield .PortlandSalem

Pennsylvania1

Allentown-BethlehemAltoonaBeaver CountyErieHarrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .JohnstownLancasterPhiladelphiaPittsburghReadingScranton-Wilkes-BarreSharonState CollegeWilliamsportYork

Rhode IslandPawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro..Providence

South CarolinaCharlestonColumbiaGreenville-Spartanburg .

South Dakota.Rapid CitySioux Falls ...


116





State and area


Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

Unemployed

Number

Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P


Jan.1986

Dec.1986

Jan.1987P

ChattanoogaJohnson City-Kingsport-BristolKnoxvilleMemphis LMANashville

Texas1

AbileneAmarilloAustinBeaumont-Port ArthurBrazoriaBrownsville-HarlingenBryan-College StationCorpus ChristiDallasEl PasoFort Worth-ArlingtonGalveston-Texas CityHoustonKilleen-TempleLaredoLongview-MarshallLubbockMcAllen-Edinburg-MissionMidlandOdessaSan AngeloSan AntonioSherman-DenisonTexarkanaTylerVictoriaWacoWichita Falls

UtahProvo-OremSalt Lake City-Odgen

VermontBurlington

VirginiaCharlottesvilleDanvilleLynchburgNorfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport NewsRichmond-PetersburgRoanoke

WashingtonSeattle


WisconsinAppleton-Oshkosh-NeenahEau ClaireGreen BayJanesville-BeloitKenoshaLa CrosseMadisonMilwaukeeRacineSheboyganWausau

Wyoming

2,250.5197.0208.2271.1416.6489.2

7,923.455.397.5

412.6159.578.689.855.9

159.81,371.7

213.8626.4103.5

1,586.084.541.378.1

107.2138.752.259.844.0

556.446.455.773.137.187.355.6

736.996.7

486.9

286.870.1

2,827.361.751.068.8

557.0401.0114.8

2,097.9922.6

746.0116.4127.271.171.0

2,351.1ftftftft2

()ftft2

243.1

2,343.0204.3213.5279.8443.5517.8

8,317.555.8

100.4437.8162.281.495.757.4

168.01,440.7

231.1671.8107.0

1,620.290.545.480.7

113.8150.451.959.246.1

599.249.658.277.738.693.757.7

763.0100.1505.7

296.873.2

2,931.464.950.670.8

580.0417.8119.9

2,184.3979.2

743.2116.2127.572.671.5

2,423.6

()ftftftftft(2)ft

239.5

2,297.8202.0208.6276.0434.2502.1

8,208.755.498.6

432.3160.579.695.355.3

167.51,420.6

226.7665.1106.2

1,594.489.445.880.5

110.6149.851.458.245.2

592.449.057.776.638.391.857.5

758.297.5

504.8

293.572.7

2,861.562.549.168.3

563.1419.7116.5

2,172.1976.0

749.9117.5127.472.171.4

2,405.7157.869.7

100.668.751.850.6

205.4722.285.152.058.0

237.9

207.515.717.624.532.627.3

545.33.25.8

18.020.1

7.012.22.7

15.363.319.430.510.2

120.25.75.17.56.3

25.32.83.82.0

32.82.64.75.12.55.43.3

50.46.9

30.1

16.12.8

158.92.95.74.1

29.718.45.5

197.064.0

106.612.916.78.99.9

202.9ftftftft(2)ftftftftft2

22.6

178.313.714.222.228.923.1

724.15.06.2

25.819.98.5

14.13.6

20.582.624.843.011.3

160.96.97.79.36.8

29.85.59.03.1

45.13.94.97.33.77.64.6

45.67.2

26.3

13.32.2

137.92.64.13.6

27.116.75.7

180.360.7

86.510.012.98.07.8

171.9

()ftft

()ftft

23.3

186.013.515.623.528.825.1

806.85.77.0

29.523.49.3

15.83.8

22.494.826.651.812.5

174.97.68.8

10.27.6

32.15.99.33.4

51.74.35.47.64.28.15.3

56.38.9

32.4

15.22.8

148.62.44.03.7

29.618.55.6

201.566.6

97.811.716.38.48.2

190.612.55.67.85.95.03.4

10.045.4

7.13.15.6

25.3

9.27.98.49.07.85.6

6.95.76.04.4

12.68.9

13.54.89.64.69.14.99.87.66.7

12.39.65.9

18.35.46.34.55.95.78.57.06.86.26.0

6.87.26.2

5.63.9

5.64.7

11.16.05.34.64.8

9.46.9

14.311.113.112.513.9

8.6ftftftftftftftftftftft9.3

7.66.76.67.96.54.5

8.78.96.25.9

12.310.414.76.2

12.25.7

10.76.4

10.69.97.6

16.911.56.0

19.810.615.26.77.57.88.49.49.78.17.9

6.07.25.2

4.53.0

4.74.08.15.14.74.04.7

8.36.2

11.68.6

10.211.111.0

7.1ft

()ftftftftftftftft

9.7

8.16.77.56.56.65.0

10.27.16.8

14.611.716.66.9

13.46.7

11.77.8

11.811.08.5

19.112.76.9

21.411.415.97.58.78.89.39.9

10.98.89.3

7.49.16.4

5.23.8

5.23.88.25.55.34.44.8

9.36.8

13.09.9

12.811.711.5

7.97.98.07.78.69.76.64.96.38.46.0

10.6

1 Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See theExplanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.

2 Not available.p = preliminary.NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1986 have been

benchmarked to 1986 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the11 States and 2 areas designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1987 areprovisional and will be revised when new benchmark information becomesavailable. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of thispublication.

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Explanatory Notes

Introduction

The statistics in this periodical are compiled from twomajor sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2)reports from employers.

Data based on household interviews are obtainedfrom a sample survey of the population 16 years of ageand over. The survey is conducted each month by theBureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statisticsand provides comprehensive data on the labor force, theemployed, and the unemployed, including suchcharacteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship,marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.The survey also provides data on the characteristics andpast work experience of those not in the labor force.The information is collected by trained interviewers froma sample of about 59,500 households, representing 729areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, withcoverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. Thedata collected are based on the activity or statusreported for the calendar week including the 12th of themonth.

Data based on establishment records are compiledeach month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau ofLabor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. Theestablishment survey is designed to provide industry in-formation on nonagricultural wage and salary employ-ment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings,and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, andmetropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earn-ings series are currently based on payroll reports from asample of 250,000 establishments employing over 38million nonagricultural wage and salary workers. Thedata relate to all workers, full or part time, who receivedpay during the payroll period which includes the 12thday of the month.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD ANDESTABLISHMENT SERIES

The household and establishment data supplementone another, each providing significant types of infor-mation that the other cannot suitably supply. Popula-tion characteristics, for example, are readily obtainedonly from the household survey whereas detailed in-dustrial classifications can be reliably derived only fromestablishment reports.

Data from these two sources differ from each other

because of differences in definitions and coverage,sources of information, methods of collection, andestimating procedures. Sampling variability andresponse errors are additional reasons for discrepancies.The major factors which have a differential effect onthe levels and trends of the two series are as follows.

Employment

Coverage. The household survey definition of employ-ment comprises wage and salary workers (includingdomestics and other private household workers), self-employed persons, unpaid workers who worked 15hours or more during the survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members of the Armed Forcesstationed in the United States. Civilian employment inboth agricultural and nonagricultural industries is in-cluded. The payroll survey covers only wage and salaryemployees on the payrolls of nonagriculturalestablishments.

Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides in-formation on the work status of the population withoutduplication, since each person is classified as employed,unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed per-sons holding more than one job are counted only onceand are classified according to the job at which theyworked the greatest number of hours during the surveyweek. In the figures based on establishment reports,persons who worked in more than one establishmentduring the reporting period are counted each time theirnames appear on payrolls.

Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey in-cludes among the employed all civilians who had jobsbut were not at work during the survey week—that is,were not working but had jobs from which they weretemporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,vacation, labor-management disputes, or because theywere taking time off for various other reasons, even ifthey were not paid by their employers for the time off.In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leavepaid for by the company are included, but not those onleave without pay for the entire payroll period.

For a comprehensive discussion of the differencesbetween household and establishment survey employ-ment data, see Gloria P. Green's article "ComparingEmployment Estimates From Household and PayrollSurveys," Monthly Labor Review, December 1969.

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Hours of workThe household survey measures hours actually work-

ed whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid forby employers. In the household survey data, all personswith a job but not at work are excluded from the hoursdistributions and the computations of average hours. Inthe payroll survey, production or nonsupervisoryemployees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sickleave are included and assigned the number of hours forwhich they were paid during the reporting period.

EarningsThe household survey measures median earnings of

wage and salary workers in all occupations and in-dustries in both the private and public sectors. Datarefer to the usual earnings received from the worker'ssole or primary job. Data from the establishment surveygenerally refer to average earnings of production andrelated workers in mining and manufacturing, construc-tion workers in construction, and nonsupervisoryemployees in private service-producing industries. For acomprehensive discussion of the household survey earn-ings series, see Technical Description of the QuarterlyData on Weekly Earnings from the Current PopulationSurvey, BLS Bulletin 2113.

COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD DATAWITH OTHER SERIES

Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed totalfrom the household survey includes all persons who didnot have a job at all during the survey week and werelooking for work or were waiting to be called back to ajob from* which they had been laid off, whether or notthey were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figureson unemployment insurance claims, prepared by theEmployment and Training Administration of theDepartment of Labor, exclude persons who have ex-hausted their benefit rights, new workers who have notearned rights to unemployment insurance, and personslosing jobs not covered by unemployment insurancesystems (some workers in agriculture, domestic services,and religious organizations, and self-employed and un-paid family workers). Beginning in January 1978,coverage was extended to include domestic workerswhose employers paid $1,000 or more in wages in anycalendar quarter, agricultural employees whoseemployers engaged 10 or more workers in 20 weeks orpaid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any calendarquarter, and almost all State and local governmentemployees.

In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemploy-ment compensation differ from the definition ofunemployment used in the household survey. For exam-ple, persons with a job but not at work and personsworking only a few hours during the week are

sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation butare classified as employed rather than unemployed inthe household survey.

For an examination of the similarities and differencesbetween State insured unemployment and totalunemployment, see "Measuring Total and State InsuredUnemployment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

Agricultural employment estimates of the Departmentof Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage arethe inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics andStatistics Service series and the treatment of dualjobholders, who are counted more than once if theywork on more than one farm during the reportingperiod. There are also wide differences in samplingtechniques and collecting and estimating methods,which cannot be readily measured in terms of their im-pact on differences in the levels and trends of the twoseries.

COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOY-MENT DATA WITH OTHER SERIES

Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of theCensus, BLS establishment statistics on employment dif-fer from employment counts derived by the Bureau ofCensus from its censuses or sample surveys of manufac-turing and business establishments. The major reasonsfor noncomparability are different treatment ofbusiness units considered parts of an establishment,such as central administrative offices and auxiliaryunits, the industrial classification of establishments, anddifferent reporting patterns by multiunit companies.There are also differences in the scope of the industriescovered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes profes-sional services, public utilities, and financialestablishments, whereas these are included in the BLSstatistics.

County Business Patterns. Data in County BusinessPatterns (CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census,U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLSestablishment statistics in the treatment of central ad-ministrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences mayalso arise because of industrial classification and repor-ting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstaterailroads and government, and coverage is incompletefor some of the nonprofit activities.

Employment covered by State unemployment insuranceprograms. Most nonagricultural wage and salaryworkers are covered by the unemployment insuranceprograms. However, certain activities, such as interstaterailroads, parochial schools, and churches are notcovered by unemployment insurance whereas these areincluded in the BLS establishment statistics.

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Household Data(A tables)

COLLECTION AND COVERAGEStatistics on the employment status of the population,

the personal, occupational, and other characteristics ofthe employed, the unemployed, and persons not in thelabor force, and related data are compiled for the BLS bythe Bureau of the Census in its Current PopulationSurvey (CPS). A detailed description of this survey ap-pears in Concepts and Methods Used in Labor ForceStatistics Derived from the Current Population Survey,BLS Report 463. Historical national data are publishedin Labor Force Statistics Derived From the CurrentPopulation Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 2096.

These monthly surveys of the population are con-ducted with a scientifically selected sample designed torepresent the civilian noninstitutional population.Respondents are interviewed to obtain informationabout the employment status of each member of thehousehold 16 years of age and over. The inquiry relatesto activity or status during the calendar week, Sundaythrough Saturday, which includes the 12th of themonth. This is known as the survey week. Actual fieldinterviewing is conducted in the following week.

Inmates of institutions and persons under 14 years ofage are not covered in the regular monthly enumera-tions, and are excluded from the population and laborforce statistics shown in this report. Data on themembers of the Armed Forces stationed in the UnitedStates, who are included as part of the categories"noninstitutional population," "labor force," and"total employment." are obtained from the Depart-ment of Defense.

Each month about 59,500 occupied units are eligiblefor interview. About 2,500 of these households arevisited but interviews are not obtained because the oc-cupants are not at home after repeated calls or areunavailable for other reasons. This represents anoninterview rate for the survey of between 4 or 5 per-cent. In addition to the 59,500 occupied units, there are11,000 sample units in an average month which arevisited but found to be vacant or otherwise not to beenumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month.The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sam-ple to be common from 1 month to the next and onehalf to be common with the same month a year earlier.

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONSThe concepts and definitions underlying labor force

data have been modified, but not substantially altered,since the inception of the survey in 1940; those usedsince 1967 are as follows:

Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during thesurvey week, did any work at all as paid employees, intheir own business, profession, or on their own farm, orwho worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in anenterprise operated by a member of the family; and (b)all those who were not working but who had jobs orbusinesses from which they were temporarily absentbecause of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons, whetherthey were paid for the time off or were seeking otherjobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in theUnited States are also included in the employed total.

Each employed person is counted only once. Thosewho held more than one job are counted in the job atwhich they worked the greatest number of hours duringthe survey week.

Included in the total are employed citizens of foreigncountries who are temporarily in the United States butnot living on the premises of an embassy. Excluded arepersons whose only activity consisted of work aroundthe house (painting, repairing, or own homehousework) or volunteer work for religious, charitable,and similar organizations.

Unemployed persons are all civilians who had noemployment during the survey week, were4 available forwork, except for temporary illness, and had madespecific efforts to find employment sometime duringthe prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to berecalled to a job from which they had laid off or werewaiting to report to a new job within 30 days need notbe looking for work to be classified as unemployed.

Duration of unemployment represents the length oftime (through the current survey week) during whichpersons classified as unemployed had been continuouslylooking for work. For persons on layoff, duration ofunemployment represents the number of full weekssince the termination of their most recent employment.A period of 2 weeks or more during which a person wasemployed or ceased looking for work is considered tobreak the continuity of the present period of seekingwork. Measurements of mean and median duration arecomputed from a distribution of single weeks ofunemployment.

Unemployment is also categorized according to thestatus of individuals at the time they began to look forwork. The reasons for unemployment are divided intofour major groups. (1) Job losers are persons whoseemployment ended involuntarily who immediatelybegan looking for work, and persons on layoff. (2) Jobleavers are persons who quit or otherwise terminated

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their employment voluntarily and immediately beganlooking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons whopreviously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks orlonger but were out of the labor force prior to beginningto look for work. (4) New entrants are persons whonever worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks orlonger. Each of these four categories of the unemployedmay be expressed as an unemployment rate or propor-tion of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of thefour rates thus equals the unemployment rate for allcivilian workers.

Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who madespecific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-weekperiod preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not in-clude those persons unemployed because they (a) werewaiting to be called back to a job" from which they hadbeen laid off or (b) were waiting to report to a new jobwithin 30 days. Jobseekers are grouped by the methodsused to seek work, including going to a public or privateemployment agency or to an employer directly, seekingassistance from friends or relatives, placing or answer-ing ads, or utilizing some other method. Examples ofthe V other" category include being on a union or pro-fessional register, obtaining assistance from a communi-ty organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickuppoint.

The civilian labor force comprises all civiliansclassified as employed or unemployed in accordancewith the criteria described above. The labor force alsoincludes members of the Armed Forces stationed in theUnited States.

The overall unemployment rate represents thenumber unemployed as a percent of the labor force, in-cluding members of the Armed Forces stationed in theUnited States.

The unemployment rate for all civilian workersrepresents the number unemployed as a percent of thecivilian labor force. This measure can also be computedfor groups within the labor force classified by sex, age,race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.

Participation rates represent the proportion of thepopulation that is in the labor force. The labor forceparticipation rate is the ratio of the labor force, in-cluding the resident Armed Forces, to the noninstitu-tional population. The civilian labor force participationrate is the ratio of the civilian labor force to the civiliannoninstitutional population. Civilian labor force par-ticipation rates are usually published for sex-age groups,often cross-classified by other demographiccharacteristics such as race and educational attainment.

Employment-population ratios represent the propor-tion of the noninstitutional population that isemployed. The total employment-population ratio istotal employment, including the resident Armed Forces,

as a percent of the noninstitutional population. Thecivilian employment-population ratio is the percentageof all employed civilians in the civilian noninstitutionalpopulation.

Not in the labor force includes all persons who are notclassified as employed or unemployed. These personsare further classified as engaged in own homehousework, in school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The"other" group includes individuals reported as too oldor temporarily unable to work, the voluntarily idle,seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in anoff season and who were not reported as looking forwork, and persons who did not look for work becausethey believed that no jobs were available in the area orthat no jobs were available for which they couldqualify—discouraged workers. Persons doing only in-cidental, unpaid family work (less than 15 hours in thespecified week) are also classified as not in labor force.

For persons not in the labor force, data on previouswork experience, intentions to seek work, desire for ajob at the time of interview, and reasons for not lookingfor work are published on a quarterly basis. As ofJanuary 1970, the detailed questions for persons not inthe labor force are asked only in those households thatare in the fourth and eighth months of the sample, i.e.,the "outgoing" groups, those which had been in thesample for 3 previous months and would not be in forthe subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969 thesequestions were asked in those households entering thesample for the first time and those returning for the se-cond 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"groups.

Occupation, industry, and class of worker for theemployed apply to the job held in the survey week. Per-sons with two or more jobs are classified in the job atwhich they worked the greatest number of hours duringthe survey week. The unemployed are classified accord-ing to their last full-time job lasting 2 weeks or more.The classifications of occupations and industries used indata derived from the CPS are defined as in the 1980 cen-sus. Information on the detailed categories included inthese groups is available upon request.

The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage andsalary workers subdivided into private and governmentworkers; self-employed workers; and unpaid familyworkers. Wage and salary workers receive wages,salary, commission, tips, or pay in kind from a privateemployer or from a government unit. Self-employedpersons are those who work for profit or fees in theirown business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm.Unpaid family workers are persons working withoutpay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or in abusiness operated by a member of the household to

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whom they are related by birth or marriage.Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number

of hours worked during the survey week. For example,persons who normally work 40 hours a week but wereoff on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported asworking 32 hours even though they were paid for theholiday. For persons working in more than one job, thefigures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobsduring the week; all the hours are credited to the majorjob.

Persons who worked 35 hours or more during thesurvey week are designated as working full time. Per-sons who worked between 1 and 34 hours are designatedas working part time. Part-time workers are classifiedby their usual status at their present job (either full orpart time) and by their reason for working part timeduring the survey week (economic or noneconomicreasons). Economic reasons include: Slack work,material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, startor termination of a job during the week, and inability tofind full-time work. Noneconomic reasons include:Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation,demands of home or school, no desire for full-timework, and full-time worker only during peak season.Persons on full-time schedules include, in addition tothose working 35 hours or more, those who workedfrom 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic reasons and usuallywork full time.

Data on employment "at work" differ from data ontotal employment because they exclude persons in thezero-hours-worked category, "with a job but not atwork." These are persons who were absent from theirjobs for the entire week for such reasons as badweather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labordispute.

Employed persons are also categorized into full- andpart-time groupings based primarily on their usualstatus. In this context, full-time workers are those who(a) worked 35 hours or more during the survey week, (b)worked 1 to 34 hours for economic or noneconomicreasons, but usually work full time, and (c) were with ajob but not at work and usually work full time. Similar-ly, part-time workers are those who (a) voluntarilyworked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week, (b) work-ed 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually workpart time, i.e., persons who could only find part-timework; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usual-ly work part time.

Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workersare calculated using the concepts of the full- and part-time labor force which are based on the type ofjob—full or part-time—that persons—whether workingor unemployed—report that they want. The "full-timelabor force" includes all persons working part time butwho desire full-time work, that is, working part time foreconomic reasons. Thus, this category consists of per-

sons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarilyworking part time regardless of their usual status; andunemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The "part-time labor force" consists of persons working part timevoluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-timework. Employed persons with a job but not at work aredistributed according to whether they usually work onfull-time or voluntary part-time schedules.

Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hourslost to the economy through unemployment and in-voluntary part-time employment and is expressed as apercent of potentially available aggregate hours. It iscomputed by assuming that; (1) unemployed personslooking for full-time work lost an average of 37.5 hours,(2) those looking for part-time work lost the averagenumber of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons onpart time for economic reasons lost the difference be-tween 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours theyworked.

White, black, and other are terms used to describe therace of workers. Included in the "other" group areAmerican Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians andPacific Islanders. All tables in this publication whichcontain racial data, with the exception of A-5 and its an-nual counterpart, present data for the black populationgroup. Because of their relatively small sample size,data for "other" races are not published. In theenumeration process, race is determined by thehousehold respondent.

Hispanic origin refers to persons who identifiedthemselves in the enumeration process as Mexican,Puerto Rican living on the mainland, Cuban, Central orSouth American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent.Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race; thusthey are included in both the white and black populationgroups.

Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in theArmed Forces of the United States between August 5,1964, and May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in thecivilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in in-stitutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans aremen who never served in the Armed Forces.

Usual weekly earnings data are provided fromresponses to the question "How much does . . . USUAL-LY earn per week at this job before deductions?" In-cluded are any overtime pay, commissions, or tipsusually received. The term "usual" is as perceived bythe respondent. If the respondent asks for a definitionof usual, interviewers are instructed to define the termas more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or5 months. Data refer to wage and salary workers (ex-cluding the incorporated self-employed) who usuallywork full time on their sole or primary job.

Median earnings indicate the value which divides theearnings distribution into two equal parts, one part hav-

123


ing values above the median and the other having valuesbelow the median. The medians as shown in thispublication are calculated by linear interpolation of the$50 centered interval within which each median falls.

Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by theConsumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers(CPI-U).

Single, never married; married, spouse present; andother marital status are terms used to define the maritalstatus of individuals at the time of interview. Married,spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both werereported as members of the same household eventhough one may be temporarily absent on business,vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other maritalstatus applies to persons who are married, spouse ab-sent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse absent, in-cludes persons who are separated because of maritaldiscord, as well as persons who are living apart becauseeither the husband or the wife was employed and livingaway from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had adifferent place of residence for any reason.

A household consists or an persons—related familymembers and all unrelated persons—who occupy ahousing unit. A house, an apartment, a group of rooms,or a single room is regarded as a housing unit when oc-cupied or intended for occupancy as separate livingquarters.

A householder is the person (or one of the persons) inwhose name the housing unit is owned or rented. Theterm is never applied to either husbands or wives inmarried-couple families but relates only to persons infamilies maintained by either men or women without aspouse.

Family refers to a group of two or more personsresiding together who are related by birth, marriage, oradoption; all such persons are considered as members ofone family even though they may include a related sub-family, that is, a married couple or a parent-child grouprelated by birth or marriage to the householder andsharing the living quarters. The count of families used inthis publication excludes unrelated subfamilies such aslodgers, guests, or resident employees living in ahousehold but not related to the householder. Familiesare classified either as married-couple families or asfamilies maintained by women or men without spouses.A family maintained by a woman or a man is one inwhich the householder is either single, widowed, di-vorced, or married, spouse absent. Data on the earningsof families exclude all those in which there is no wage orsalary earner or in which the husband, wife, or otherpersons maintaining the family is either self-employedor in the Armed Forces.

Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts intracted areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD'S) in un-tracted areas, in which 20 percent or more of thenoninstitutional residents were poor according to the

1980 decennial census. Persons were classified as pooror nonpoor by comparing money income to a series ofpoverty income thresholds which vary by family sizeand number of children. While poverty areas have asubstantial concentration of low-income residents,many poor persons live outside these areas, and, con-versely, the areas include many people who are notpoor.' The metropolitan areas classification consists of the

total of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA'S) asdefined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)as of June 30, 1984. These definitions differ from thoseused in the 1980 decennial census. A detailed discussionof the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminologycan be found in "The New Metropolitan Area Defini-tions" section of the 1980 Census of Population Sup-plementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas,PC-S1-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the totalterritory outside MSA'S.

The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and inplaces of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanizedareas. More specifically, the urban population consistsof all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more in-habitants incorporated as cities, villages, boroughs (ex-cept in Alaska and New York), and towns (except in theNew England States, New York, and Wisconsin), butexcluding those persons living in the rural portions ofextended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporatedand unincorporated, included in urbanized areas. Thepopulation not classified as urban constitutes the ruralpopulation.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY

Change in lower age limitThe lower age limit for official statistics on the labor

force, employment, and unemployment was raised from14 to 16 years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possi-ble, historical series have been revised to provide consis-tent information based on the population 16 years andover. For a detailed discussion of this and other defini-tional changes introduced at that time, includingestimates of their effect on the various series, see "NewDefinitions for Employment and Unemployment,"Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on theLabor Force, February 1967.

Noncomparability of labor force levelsIn addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there

are several other periods of noncomparability in thelabor force data: (1) Beginning in 1953, as a result of in-troducing data from the 1950 census into the estimatingprocedures, population levels were raised by about600,000; labor force, total employment, andagricultural employment were increased by about

124


350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals andmen; other categories were relatively unaffected. (2)Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaiiresulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the popula-tion and about 300,000 in the labor force, four-fifths ofthis increase was in nonagricultural employment; otherlabor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3)Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 andlabor force and employment by about 200,000;unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4)Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 censuswas introduced into the estimation procedures, increas-ing the population by about 800,000; labor force andemployment totals were raised by a little more than300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essen-tially unchanged. (5) A subsequent population adjust-ment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March1973. This adjustment, which affected the white andblack-and-other groups but had little effect on totals,resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the whitepopulation and an increase of the same magnitude in theblack-and-other population. Civilian labor force amtotal employment figures were affected to a lesserdegree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,and the black-and-other labor force rose by about210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were notsignificantly affected.

In addition, beginning in January 1974, themethodology used to prepare independent estimates ofthe civilian noninstitutional population was modified toan inflation-deflation approach. This change in thederivation of the estimates had its greatest impact onestimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—particularly thoseof the black-and-other population—but had little effecton^estimates of the total population 16 years and over.Additional information on the adjustment procedureappears in "CPS Population Controls Derived fromInflation-Deflation Method of Estimation", in theFebruary 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigrationof Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the totaland black-and-other independent population controlsfor persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by76,000—30,000 men and 46,000 women. The additionof the refugees increased the black-and-other popula-tion by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and allof the changes were in the other population.

Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an ex-pansion in the sample and revisions in the estimationprocedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 inthe civilian labor force and employment totals;unemployment levels and rates were essentially un-changed. An explanation of the procedural changes andan indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in

the Current Population Survey in January 1978" in theFebruary 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individualwas determined by the household respondent for the in-coming rotation group households, rather than by theinterviewer as before. The purpose of this change was toprovide more accurate estimates of characteristics byrace. Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the samplehouseholds had race determined by the householdrespondent and seven-eighths of the sample householdshad race determined by interviewer observation. It wasnot until January 1980 that the entire sample had racedetermined by the household respondent. The new pro-cedure had no significant effect on the estimates.

Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratioestimation method was changed in the CPS estimationprocedure. Differences between the old and new pro-cedures existed only for metropolitan andnonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total UnitedStates. The reasoning behind the change and an indica-tion of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Cur-rent Population Survey in January 1979" in theFebruary 1979 issue of Emplovment and Earnings.

Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio ad-justment methodology was changed in the CPS estima-tion procedure. The purpose of the change and an in-dication of its effect on national estimates of labor forcecharacteristics appear in "Revisions in the CurrentPopulation Survey Beginning in January 1982" in theFebruary 1982 issue of Employment and Earnings. Inaddition, current population estimates used in thesecond-stage estimation procedure are derived from in-formation obtained from the 1980 census, rather thanthe 1970 census. This change caused substantial in-creases in total population and estimates of persons inall labor force categories. Rates for labor forcecharacteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged.Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustmentprocedure used is also described in the February 1982article cited above. The revisions did not, however,smooth out the breaks in series occurring between 1972and 1979 that are described above, and data usersshould make allowances for them in making certaindata comparisons.

Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio ad-justment methodology was updated to account forresults obtained from the 1980 census. The purpose ofthe change and an indication of its effect on nationalestimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Revi-sions in the Current Population Survey Beginning inJanuary 1983" in the February 1983 issue of Employ-ment and Earnings. Inhere were only slight differencesbetween the old and new procedures in estimates oflevels for the various labor force characteristics and vir-

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tually no differences in estimates of participation rates.Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the

CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjust-ment, the first and second-stage ratio adjustments, andthe composite estimator—were revised. These pro-cedures are described in the Estimating Methods sec-tion. A description of the changes and an indication oftheir effect on national estimates of labor forcecharacteristics appear in "Changes in Estimation Pro-cedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning inJanuary 1985" in the February 1985 issue of thispublication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight ef-fect on most estimates. The greatest impact was onestimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Majorestimates were revised back to January 1980.

Beginning in January 1986, the population controlsused in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodologywere revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the numberof undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since1980 and an improved estimate of the number of legalforeign-born emigrants for the same time period. As aresult, the total civilian population and labor forceestimates were raised by nearly 400,000; civilianemployment was increased by about 350,000. TheHispanic-origin civilian population and labor forceestimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,respectively, and civilian employment by 270,000.Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rateswere not significantly affected. Because of themagnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data havebeen revised back to January 1980 to the extent possi-ble. An explanation of the changes and their effect onestimates of labor force characteristics appears in"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the CurrentPopulation Survey Beginning in January 1986" in theFebruary 1986 issue of this publication.

Changes in the occupational and industrialclassification systems

Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupationalemployment data was affected as a result of changes inthe occupational classification system for the 1970 cen-sus that were introduced into the CPS. Comparabilitywas further affected in December 1971, when a questionrelating to major activity or duties was added to themonthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine moreprecisely the occupational classification of individuals.As a result of these changes, meaningful comparisons ofoccupational employment levels could not be made be-tween 1971-72 and prior years nor between those 2years. Unemployment rates were not significantly af-fected. For a further explanation of the changes in theoccupational classification system, see *'Revisions inOccupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisionsin the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971

and February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employmentand Earnings.

Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and in-dustrial classification systems used in the 1980 censuswere introduced into the CPS. These systems differ fromthose developed for the 1970 census which were used inthe CPS from January 1971 through December 1982.

The 1980 census occupational classification systemevolved from the Standard Occupational Classificationsystem (soc). While the CPS occupational data are nowcomparable with other data sources, the new system isso radically different in concepts and nomenclaturefrom the 1970 system that comparisons of historicaldata are not possible without major adjustments. Forexample, the 1980 major group "sales occupations" issubstantially larger than the 1970 category "salesworkers". Major additions include "cashiers" frcta"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietorsin retail trade establishments from "managers and ad-ministrators, except farm."

The industrial classification system used in the 1980census is based on the 1972 Standard IndustrialClassification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. Theadoption of the new system had much less of an adverseeffect on historical comparability than did the new oc-cupational system. The most notable changes from the1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment storesfrom "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal service from"public administration" to "transportation", andsome interchange between "professional and relatedservices" and "public administration."

Additional information on the 1980 census occupa-tional and industrial classification systems appears in"Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginningin January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of Employ-ment and Earnings.

Changes in the sample designSince the inception of the survey, there have been

various changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most ofthese changes were made in order to improve the effi-ciency of the sample design and/or to increase thereliability of the sample estimates.

One major change made after every decennial censusis to change the sample design to make use of the recent-ly collected census materials. Also, the number ofsample areas and the number of sample persons are in-creased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation planwas introduced in which a sample unit is interviewed for4 months, leaves the sample for 8 months, and thenreturns to the sample for another 4 months. WhenAlaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sam-ple areas were added to account for the population inthese States. After the 1960 census, selection of a majorportion of the sample from census address lists was

126


begun, though a portion of the sample is still collectedusing area sampling. Following the 1970 census, theultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncon-tiguous cluster of six housing units to a usually con-tiguous cluster of four housing units. In January 1978, asupplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in24 States and the District of Columbia and designed toprovide more reliable annual average estimates forStates, was incorporated into the design. In October1978 a coverage improvement sample, composed of ap-proximately 450 sample household units whichrepresented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and600,000 new construction housing units, was included incomputing the estimates in order to provide coverage ofmobile homes and new construction units that previous-ly had no chance for selection in the CPS sample selectedfrom the 1970 census frame. In January 1980, anothersupplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32States and the District of Columbia was added to the ex-isting sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 unitswas implemented in May 1981. Beginning in January1982, the sample was expanded by 100 households toprovide additional coverage in counties added toSMSA'S, which were redefined in 1973.

Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample wasselected based on 1980 census information rather than1970 census information. The selection of new sampleareas provided an opportunity to improve the efficiencyof the sample design. Sample areas chosen to replace in-coming sample areas account for only 10 percent of thenational estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted inincreased reliability for State estimates with a slightlyreduced sample size. The reliability of nationalestimates is unaffected. Sample households are chosenfrom 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973geographic areas in the United States. This currentnumber of sample areas is not completely comparable tothe old number of sample areas since many of the sam-ple areas have been redefined. (See pp. 7-10 of the May1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for an over-view of these new definitions and the introduction of thenew sample.)

Table A provides a description of some aspects of theCPS sample design in use during the different data col-lection periods. A more detailed account of the historyof the CPS sample design appears in the Current Popula-tion Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical PaperNo. 40, Bureau of the Census, or Concepts andMethods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived Fromthe Current Population Survey, Report 463, Bureau ofLabor Statistics.

ESTIMATING METHODSUnder the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of

the results for a given month become availablesimultaneously and are based on returns from the entire

panel of respondents. The estimation procedure in-volves weighting the data from each sample person bythe inverse of the probability of the person being in thesample. This gives a rough measure of the number of ac-tual persons that the sample person represents. Beginn-ing in 1985, almost all sample persons within the sameState will have the same probability of selection. Theseestimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and theratio estimation procedure is applied.

1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all inter-viewed households are adjusted to the extent needed toaccount for occupied sample households for which noinformation was obtained because of absence, im-passable roads, refusals, or unavailability of therespondents for other reasons. This noninterview ad-justment is made separately by combinations of similarsample areas that are not necessarily contained within aState. Similarity of sample areas is based onMetropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size.Within each combination of sample areas there is a fur-ther breakdown by residence, MSA sample areas arecategorized by central city and the balance of the MSA.Residence categories of non-MSA areas are urban andrural. The proportion of sample households not inter-viewed varies from 4 to 5 percent, depending onweather, vacation, etc.

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the populationselected for the sample may differ somewhat, bychance, from that of the population as a whole, in suchcharacteristics as age, race, sex, and residence. Sincethese characteristics are closely correlated with laborforce participation and other principal measurementsmade from the sample, the survey estimates can besubstantially improved when weighted appropriately bythe known distribution of these populationcharacteristics. This is accomplished through two stagesof ratio estimates as follows:

a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion ofthe 729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areasnot in the sample; the remainder of the sample areasrepresent only themselves. The first-stage ratio estima-tion procedure was designed to reduce the portion of thevariance resulting from requiring sample areas to repre-sent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is notapplied to sample areas which represent onlythemselves. The adjustment is made at the State levelfor each of the 43 States which contains nonsampleareas by race cells of black and non-black. The pro-cedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell atthe time of the 1980 census between the race distributionof the population in sample areas and the known racedistribution of the State.

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Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date

Time period

Aug.1947 to Jan.1954 .Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966.Jan. 1967 to July 1971 .Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981.May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .Jan. 1985 to present .

Number of sampleareas

68230

13302333357449449461614629629729

Households eligible

Interviewed

21,00021,00033,50033,50033,50048,00045,00045,00053,50062,20057,80057,000

Not interviewed

500-1.000500-1,000

1,5001,5001.5002,0002,0002,0002,5002,8002,5002,500

Households visited butnot eligible

3,000-3,5003,000-3,500

6,0006,0006,0008,5008,0008,000

10,00012,00011,00011,000

1 Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide cover-age in each State and the District of Columbia.

b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sam-ple proportions of persons in specific categories are ad-justed to the distribution of independent currentestimates of the civilian noninstitutional population inthe same categories. The second-stage ratio adjustmentwhich is performed to further reduce variability of theestimates and to correct to some extent for CPS under-coverage relative to the decennial census, is carried outin three steps. In the first step, the sample estimates areadjusted within each State and the District of Columbiato an independent control for the population 16 yearsand over. The second step involves an ad-justment by Hispanic origin to a national estimate for 8age-sex categories by Hispanic and npn-Hispanic. In thethird step, a national adjustment is made by the racecategories of white, black, and other races to indepen-dent estimates by age and sex. The white and blackcategories contain 32 age-sex groups each while theother races category has 6 age-sex cells. The entiresecond-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six times,each time beginning at the weights developed theprevious time. This ensures that the sample estimates Ofthe population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin categories will be virtually equal to the indepen-dent population control totals. This second-stage ad-justment procedure incorporates changes instituted inJanuary 1985. The nature and effect of these changesare discussed in detail in " Changes in Estimation Pro-cedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning inJanuary 1985" in the February 1985 issue of Employ-ment and Earnings.

The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutionalpopulation 16 years and over are an arithmetic ex-trapolation of the trend in the growth of this segment ofthe population from the April 1, 1980, census throughthe latest available July 1 estimate, adjusted as a laststep to a current estimate of the U.S. population of thisgroup. State estimates by age for July 1 are publishedannually in Current Population Reports, Series P-25.For a description of the methodology used in developing

2 Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska andHawaii after statehood.

the State total, use Report 640 of that series. A descrip-tion of the age estimates methodology is available uponrequest from the Chief of the Population Division, U.S.Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233.

Prior to January 1985, there was no separate controlfor Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. TheseHispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimatedHispanic births and immigrants and subtractingestimated Hispanic deaths and emigrants to yield anestimate of the Hispanic population by age and sex.

During the period from January 1982 to December1984, the "inflation-deflation" method was temporari-ly discontinued in the preparation of the independentnational controls used for the age-sex-race groups in thethird step of the second-stage ratio estimation pro-cedure. These controls were prepared by carrying for-ward the 1980 census data after taking account of subse-quent aging of the population, births, deaths, and netmigration and then subtracting the estimate for the in-stitutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning inJanuary 1985, the "inflation-deflation" method ofderiving independent population controls was rein-troduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the"inflation-deflation" method, the independent controlsare prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to in-clude estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, agingthis population forward to each subsequent month andlater age by adding births and net migration, and sub-tracting deaths. These post-censal population estimatesare then deflated to census level to reflect the pattern ofnet undercount in the most recent census by age, sex,and race. Because an estimate of undercount is first ad-ded and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex groupis unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method.Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the agestructure of the undercount, but not the level. Thisfeature of the method is important since the exactamount of undercount in the 1980 census remainsunknown.

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Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, andthe estimate date are based on tabulations of vitalstatistics for the resident population made by the Na-tional Center for Health Statistics and data on deaths ofmilitary personnel overseas from the Department ofDefense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are basedon data provided by the Immigration and Naturaliza-tion Service, the Department of Defense, the Office ofPersonnel Management, and the Puerto Rico PlanningBoard. The civilian noninstitutional population is deriv-ed by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institu-tional population for the estimate date from the total in-cluding Armed Forces overseas. The institutionalpopulation is computed by applying institutional pro-portions derived from the 1980 census to the totalpopulation, including Armed Forces overseas for theestimate date. All computations described above areperformed in cells defined by single year of age, race,and sex. The independent national control totals arethen obtained by collapsing these cells into broader agegroups for the population 16 years and older.

Beginning in January 1986, two changes were in-troduced into the estimation of the independent popula-tion controls. For the first time, an explicit allowancefor net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980(the census date) was added to the estimated level oflegal immigration. In addition, an increase in theestimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residentshas been incorporated into the postcensal populationestimates since 1980. The nature and effect of thesechanges are discussed in detail in "Changes in theEstimation Procedure in the Current Population SurveyBeginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issueof Employment and Earnings.

3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statisticsfor a given month, a composite estimating procedure isused which takes account of net changes from theprevious month for continuing parts of the sample (75percent), as well as the sample results for the currentmonth. Also included is an additional term which is anestimate of the net difference between incoming andcontinuing parts of the current month's sample. Almostall estimates of month-to-month change are improvedby this procedure, and most estimates of level are alsoimproved, but to a lesser extent.

Rounding of estimatesThe sums of individual items may not always equal

the totals shown in the same tables because of indepen-dent rounding of totals and components to the nearestthousand. Similarly, sums of percent distributions maynot always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Dif-ferences, however, are insignificant.

Reliability of the estimatesThere are two types of errors possible in an estimate

based on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling.The standard errors provided primarily indicate themagnitude of the sampling error. They also partiallymeasure the effect of some nonsampling errors inresponse and enumeration but do not measure anysystematic biases in the data.

Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling er-ror is unknown, but special studies have been conductedto quantify some sources of nonsampling error in theCPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling er-ror should be small on estimates of relative change, suchas-month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levelswould be more severely affected by the nonsamplingerror.

Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed tomany sources, e.g., inability to obtain informationabout all cases in the sample, definitional difficulties,differences in the interpretation of questions, inabilityor unwillingness of respondents to provide correct in-formation, inability to recall information, errors madein collection such as in recording or coding the data, er-rors made in processing the data, errors made inestimating values for missing data, and failure to repre-sent all sample households and all persons within sam-ple households (undercoverage).

Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phaseof the survey have been studied by means of a reinter-view program. This program is used to estimate varioussources of error as well as to evaluate and control thework of the interviewers. A random sample of each in-terviewer's work is inspected through reinterview atregular intervals. The results indicate, among otherthings, that the data published from the CPS are subjectto moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPSreinterview program and some of the other results maybe found in the Current Population Survey ReinterviewProgram, January 1961 through December 1966.Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.Department of Commerce.

The effects of some components of nonsampling er-ror in the CPS data can be examined as a result of therotation plan used for the sample, since the level of theestimates varies by rotation group. A description ofthese effects appears in the "The Effects of RotationGroup Bias on Estimates from Panel Surveys," by Bar-bara A. Bailar, Journal of the American StatisticalAssociation, Volume 70, No. 349, March 1975.

Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housingunits and missed persons within sample households.Compared to the level of the decennial census, under-coverage is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPSundercoverage varies with age, sex, race and Hispanicorigin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men thanfor women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics and other

129


races combined than for whites. Ratio estimation to in-dependent age-sex-race-origin population controls, asdescribed previously, partially corrects for the biasesdue to survey undercover age. However, biases exist inthe estimates to the extent that missed persons in missedhouseholds or missed persons in interviewed householdshave different characteristics than interviewed personsin the same age-sex-race-origin group. Further, the in-dependent population controls used have not been ad-justed for undercoverage in the 1980 census.

Additional information on nonsampling error in theCPS appears in "An Error Profile: Employment asMeasured by the Current Population Survey," byCamilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical PolicyWorking Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Of-fice of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards; in "TheCurrent Population Survey: An Overview," by MarvinThompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of Economic andSocial Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and in TheCurrent Population Survey, Design and Methodology,Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.Department of Commerce. This last document includesa comprehensive discussion of various sources of errorand describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.

Sampling error. The standard error is primarily ameasure of sampling variability, that is, of the variationthat occurs by chance because a sample rather than theentire population is surveyed. The sample estimate andits estimated standard error enable one to construct con-fidence intervals, ranges that would include the averageof all possible samples with a known probability. Forexample, if all possible samples were selected, each ofthese surveyed under essentially the same general condi-tions and using the same sample design, and an estimateand its estimated error were calculated from each sam-ple, then:

1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals fromone standard error below the estimate to one standarderror above the estimate would include the averageresult of all possible samples.

2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errorabove the estimate would include the average of allpossible samples.

3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errorsabove the estimate would include the average result ofall possible samples.

In order to derive standard errors that would be ap-plicable to a large number of estimates and could beprepared at a moderate cost, a number of approxima-tions are required. First, the standard errors in thisvolume reflect the sample design and estimation pro-cedures in effect prior to the expansions for State

estimates. Thus, these standard errors may slightlyoverstate the standard errors applicable to the presentdesign. Second, instead of computing an individualstandard error for each estimate, generalized sets ofstandard errors are computed for various types ofcharacteristics. This generalization yields more stableestimates of the standard errors. Consequently, the setsof standard errors provided give an indication of theorder of magnitude of the standard error of an estimaterather than the precise standard error.

Tables B and C show approximate standard errors formajor employment status characteristics for monthlyestimates and for changes for consecutive months.These standard errors are applicable to the level of theestimates in recent months (1985 annual averages).

Tables D through H provide generalized standard er-rors for monthly level and month-to-month change forestimated totals, unemployment rates, and percentages.Table I contains factors for use with table H for com-puting standard errors, as described below, for monthlylevel and month-to-month change for percentages.Standard errors for intermediate values not shown in.the table may be approximated by linear interpolation.The standard error for estimated changes from onemonth to the next is more closely related to the monthlylevel for the characteristic than to the size of the specificmonth-to-month change itself. Thus, in order to use thegeneralized standard errors for month-to-month changeas given in the tables of standard errors, it is necessaryto obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. Itshould be noted that the tables of standard errors formonth-to-month change apply only to estimates ofchange between 2 consecutive months. Estimates ofchange for nonconsecutive months are subject to higherstandard errors. Table J contains factors for use withtables D, F, H, and I to compute approximate stand-ard errors for levels, labor force participation rates, andpercentages as pertaining to the year-to-year change ofmonthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes inquarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes inyearly averages. Note that standard errors for changesin quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to con-secutive quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, thestandard errors must be adjusted due to the differences*in the sample size. For years prior to 1956, the standarderrors should be multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66period, they should be multiplied by 1.22. Table K pro-vides generalized standard errors for quarterly estimatesof persons and families for use with the CPS earningsdata.

Standard errors for estimated totals. Jables D and Eprovide generalized standard errors for monthly totalsand for month-to-month change. The figures given inthese tables are to be used for the characteristics as in-dicated.

130


Table B. Standard errors for major employment statuscategories(In thousands)

Employment status, sex,age, and race

Total, 16 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Men, 20 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Women, 20 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Black, 16 years and over:Civilian labor forceEmployed. .Unemployed

Men, 20 years and over:Civilian labor force . . .EmployedUnemployed

Women, 20 years and over:Civilian labor force.Employed.Unemployed

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:Civilian labor forceEmployed...Unemployed

Standard error of—

Monthlylevel

244263131

14816289

18919082

838657

829265

495643

676743

333030

Month-to-month

change (con-secutive

months only)

187200134

12714191

14014485

919763

637067

435046

444846

373432

Illustration. Assume that in a given month the numberof persons working a specific number of hours was12,000,000. an increase of 400,000 over the previousmonth. Linear interpolation in the second column oftable D shows that the standard error on an estimate of12,000,000 is about 159,000. The 68-percent confidenceinterval as shown by these data is from 11,841,000 to12,159,000. Therefore, a conclusion that the averageestimate derived from all possible samples lies within arange computed in this way would be correct forroughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall thatthe standard error of a month-to-month change isprimarily dependent on the size of the monthly estimate.Thus, using linear interpolation in the first column oftable E, the standard error on a month-to-month changeof 400,000, when the monthly level is approximately12,000,000, is about 118,000.

Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliabili-ty of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimatedpercentage, computed using sample data for bothnumerator and denominator, depends upon both thesize of the rate or percentage and the total upon whichthe rate or percentage is based. Estimated rates andpercentages are relatively more reliable than the cor-responding estimates of the numerator of the rates orpercentages; this is particularly true for percentages of50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages arenot published when the monthly base is less than 75,000,the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or the an-nual average base is less than 35,000.

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates

Characteristic

Total (all civilian workers) .Men, 20 years and over ..Women, 20 years and over.Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .White workers.Black workersMarried men, spouse present...Married women, spouse presentFull-time workers .Part-time workersUnemployed 15 weeks and over.

Occupation

Executive, administrative, and managerial.Professional specialtyTechnicians and related supportSalesAdministrative support, including clericalPrivate household .Protective serviceService, except private household and

protective .

by major characteristics

Standard error of—

Monthly level

0.11.15.17.65.1152.15.21.12.34.06

.21

.18

.49

.29

.241.07.67

.38

Consecutivemonth change

0.12.15.18.77.12.54.16.23.12.42.08

.24

.20

.55

.32

.261.20.76

.43

Characteristic

Occupation—Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair .Machine operators, assemblers, andinspectors

Transportation and material movingHandlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, andlaborers

Farming, forestry, and fishing .Industry

Nonagricultural private wage and salaryworkers.

MiningConstructionManufacturing .

Durable goods . . .Nondurable goods

Transportation, communications, andpublic utilities

Wholesale and retail tradeFinance and services . . .Government workers

Agricultural wage and salary workers.

Standard

Monthly level

0.32

.50

.57

.70

.65

.131.37.65.27.34.42

.41

.26

.20

.181.22

error of—

Consecutivemonth change

0.35

.57

.64

.80

.73

.141.56.74.30.38.48

.46

.29

.22

.191.40

131


Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level

(In thousands)

Estimated monthly level

Characteristic1

Agriculturalemployment

Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural employment data

Total orwhite Black

Total orwhite, 16 to

19 years

Black, 16 to19 years

Total orwhite men

only, orwomen only

Black men• only, or

women only

Unemployment

Total orwhite Black

501005001,0002,0004,0006,0008,00010,000 ...15,000 ...20,000 ...30,000 ...40,000 ...5D.000 ...60,000 ...70,000 ...80,000 ...100,000 .120,000.

1419436185

120146

111534486895

116133147177201236261278288293293273231

11153447648494979450

111533466380868370

11152933

101432456387

10512013215517018818917514161

1014314255665823

101533476693

113129143172195

11163549678899

1 When determining the standard error of an estimate for a groupwhich is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standarderror for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error

on the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, usethe column for total employed.

Tables F and G show generalized standard errors formonthly level and month-to-month change forunemployment rates. Generalized standard errors forestimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained throughthe use of the standard errors in table H and the factorsin table I. First obtain the standard error from table Hfor the specific percentage and base. The generalizedstandard error is then calculated by multiplying thestandard error from table H by the appropriate factorfrom table I. Wnen tne numerator and denominator ofthe percentage are in different categories, use the factorindicated by the numerator of the percentage.

Illustration. Assume that in a given month 3.6 percentof a total of 90,771,000 employed persons are employedin agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 3.6percent with a base of 90,771,000 is obtained from tableH (0.09 percent). The appropriate factor from table Ifor the numerator of the percentage, agriculturalemployment, is 1.26. The generalized standard error onthe estimated 3.6 percent is then approximately 0.09 x1.26 = 0.1 percentage point.

Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthlyestimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterlyaverages, yearly averages, and changes in yearlyaverages. Jhe approximate standard errors of levels,rates, and percentages involving year-to-year change of

monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes inquarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes inyearly averages may be obtained by using table J in con-junction with the other tables. Standard errors forestimates of change are more closely related to the levelof the estimate than to the size of the specific change.Thus, to obtain the standard error of an estimate of anaverage level, rate, or percentage, or an estimate of achange in level, rate, or percentage, it is first necessaryto find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimateof an average level, rate, or percentage, find the stand-ard error of this estimate. For an estimate of change inlevel, r,ate, or percentage, find the standard error of theaverage of the two estimates affecting the change. Then,after computing the standard error by treating theseestimates as monthly estimates aild using the proceduresabove, multiply this result by a suitable factor fromtable J to obtain the approximate standard error for theaverage or change.

Illustration. Sjuppose that one is interested in the year-to-year change of a monthly unemployment rate.Assume that for a certain month the unemployment rateis 6.9 percent, based on a total of 95,676,000 in thecivilian labor force, and that a year prior to this theunemployment rate was 6.1 percent, based on a total of94,254,000 in the civilian labor force for the month.First the standard. error on the average of the two

132


estimates, 6.5 percent with a base of 94,965,000, is ob-tained from table F (0.12 percentage point). The ap-propriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approx-imate standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is thengiven by 0.12 x 1.40 = 0.17 percentage point.

The approximate standard error of levels involvingyear-to-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining toCPS earnings data for persons and families may be ob-tained by using table K in conjunction with the follow-ing formula:

Standarderror of

respondents in the sample for each estimate. For con-secutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, thevalues of R are .30 for persons (total, white, and black)and .35 for families (total, white, and black). Therespective values for estimates of Hispanics are .45 and.55.

Illustration, ^ssume that in a given quarter the numberof women employed as full-time wage and salaryworkers was 27,000,000 and in the same quarter a yearlater, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Usinglinear interpolation in the eighth column of table K, thestandard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000;for 29,000,000 it is 221,000. Using the above formula,the standard error of the 2,000,000, year-to-year changeis:

Where X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is theestimate for another quarter. The coefficient, P, is ameasure of the correlation between the estimates X andY resulting from the presence of some of the same

,000)2 • (221,000) 2V(216,l

or about 259,000.

•2 (.30) (216,000) (221,000),

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change

(In thousands)

Estimated monthly level

Characteristic1

Labor force data other than unemployment and agriculturalemployment data

Total or white Black Total or white,16 to 19 years

Black, 16 to19 years

Unemployment

Total or white

Both sexes 16to 19 years, orpart-time labor

force2

Black Black, 16 to19 years

501005001,0002,0004,0006,0008,00010,000 ...15,000 ...20,000 ...30,000 ...40,000 ...50,000 ...60,000 ...70,000 ...80,000 ...100,000 .120,000 .

811253650708698

109131148174191203210212211193153

8112535476270737142

1318395472888871

13183436

121637517299

118132143160165

13184054707860

12173852698587

12183537

See footnote 1, table D.Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons

reentering the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons byduration of unemployment.

133


Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates

Monthly base of unemployment rate (Inthousands)

Monthly unemployment rate (percent)

1 10 15 20 25 30 35 50

501005001,000...2,000 ...4,000 ...6,000 ....10,000.,20,000 ..60,000 ..100,000

2.091.48.66.47.33.23.19.15.10.06.05

2.942.08

.93

.66

.46

.33

.27

.21

.15

.08

.07

4.573.231.451.02.72.51.42.32.23.13.10

6.284.441.991.40.99.70.57.44.31.18.14

7.465.282.361.671.18.83.68.53.37.21.17

8.345.902.641.871.32.93.76.59.42.24.19

9.016.372.852.011.421.01.82.64.45.26.20

9.056.733.012.131.501.06.87.67.47.27.21

9.876.983.122.211.561.10.90.70.49.27.22

10.217.223.272.281.611.14.93.72.51.29.22

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change In unemployment rates

Monthly base of unemployment rate (Inthousands)

501005001 0002,0004,0006 00010 00020,00060,000100 000

Monthly unemployment rate (percent)

1

2.321.64.73.52.37.26.21.16.12.07.05

2

3.282.321.04.73.52.37.30.23.16.09.07

5

5.143.641.631.15.81.57.47.36.25.14.11

10

7.185.082.271.601.13.80.65.50.35.19.14

15

8.696.142.741.941.37.96.78.60.42.22.15

20

9.907.003.132.211.561.10.89.68.47.23.15

25

10.937.123.452.441.721.20.98.75.51.24

30

11.818.353.732.631.851.301.05.80.54

35

12.588.893.972.801.971.381.11

50

14.4810.174.533.192.241.56

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor forcedata

Monthly base of percentages(In thousands)

Percentage of monthly level

1or99 2 or 98 5 or 95 10 or 90 15 or 85 20 or 80 25 or 75 30 or 70 35 or 65 50

501005001,0002,0004,0006,00010,000...20,000 ...40,000...60,000 ...80,000 ...100,000160,000

2.141.51.68.48.34.24.20.15.11.08.06.05.05.04

3.012.13

.95

.67

.48

.34

.28

.21

.15

.11

.09

.08

.07

.05

4.693.321.481.05.74.52.43.33.23.17.14.12.10.08

6.464.572.041.441.02.72.59.46.32.23.19.16.14.11

7.685.432.431.721.22.86.70.54.38.27.22.19.17.13

8.616.092.721.921.36.96.79.61.43.30.25.22.19.15

9.326.592.952.081.471.04.85.66.47.33.27.23.21.16

9.866.973.122.211.561.10.90.70.49.35.28.25.22.17

7.263.252.301.621.15.94.73.51.36.30.26.23.18

10.767.613.402.41-1.701.20.98.76.54.38.31.27.24.19

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specificcharacteristic.

134


Table I. Factors to be used with Table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-monthchange in percentages

Characteristic

Agricultural employment:Total or full-time labor forcePart-time labor force

Labor force data other than agriculturalemployment and unemployment data:

TotalMen onlyWomen onlyBoth sexes, 16 to 19 yearsPart-time labor force

Factor

Monthly level

1.261.26

1.00.93.86

1.001.00

Month-to-month change

1.051.50

.74

.84

.751.181.18

Characteristic

Unemployment:Part-time labor force, duration ofunemployment, left last job,reentering labor force

All other unemployment characteristics:Total or white:

TotalBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

Black:TotalBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years

Factor

Monthly level

1.01

.97

.97

1.041.04

Month-to-month change

1.21

1.081.21

1.131.24

Table J. Factors to be used with Tables, D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, andpercentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averagesand change in yearly averages,

Characteristic

Agricultural employment:

Total or menWomen or teenagers (16 to 19 years)Part time

Labor force data other thanagricultural employment andunemployment data:

Total or whiteBlack or teenagers

(16 to 19 years)Part time

Unemployment:

TotalPart time

Factor

Year-to-yearchange of monthly

estimate

1.301.30

1.40

1.30

1.301.40

1.401.40

Quarterlyaverages

0.89.83

.74

.88

.82

.74

.76

.69

Change inquarterlyaverages

0.80.80

.80

.88

.88

.88

.88

.88

Yearlyaverages

0.72.58

.46

.67

.57

.46

.50

.39

Change inyearly

averages

0.70.70

.70

.70

.70

.60

.65

.54

135


Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly level, to be used with CPS earnings data

(In thousands)

Estimated quarterly level

Characteristic

Total

Part-timeworkers

Total or full-time workers

Total orwhite Black

Men

Part-timeworkers

Total or full-time workers

Total White Black

Women

Total, full-time, orpart-time workers

Total orwhite Black

1050751001502002503005007501,000...1,500 ...2,000 ...2,500 ...3,000 ...5,000 ...7,500 ...10,000.15,000 .20,000 .25,000 .30,000 .40,000 .50,000 .75,000 .100,000

51113151922242634424859687683107130149180205226224273296331343

51215172124273038475466768593119145165198224244261286301304255

51215172124273038465363727985100107102

51113151922242634424859687582105127144187192207219236

51215172124273038475466768492117140157183199209212201

51215172124273038475466768492116138155179193199198174

5121517212427293745505965697164

51113151922242634424859687582105127145173195211224242

5111315192124263341465663697485

136


Establishment Data(Tables B-1 through C-8)

COLLECTIONPayroll reports provide current information on wage

and salary employment and hours and earnings innonagricultural establishments, by industry andgeographic location. Historical statistics are publishedin Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States,1909-84, and Employment, Hours, and Earnings, Statesand Areas, 1939-82 and their annual supplements.

Federal-State cooperationUnder cooperative arrangements, responding

establishments report employment, hours, and earningsdata to State agencies. State agencies mail the forms tothe establishments and examine the returns for con-sistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use thereported data to prepare State and area series and alsosend the reported data to the BLS (Washington Office)for use in preparing the national series. This avoids aduplicate reporting burden on establishments, andtogether with the use of similar estimating techniques atthe national and State levels, promotes increased com-parability between estimates.

Shuttle schedulesForm BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and

Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. Thecollection agency returns the schedule to the respondenteach month so that the next month's data can be enteredon the space alotted for that month. This "shuttle" pro-cedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy ofreporting, since the respondent can see the figures thathave been reported for previous months.

Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the totalnumber of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls ofnonagricultural establishments and, for most industries,employment, payroll, and hours of production andrelated workers or nonsupervisory workers for the payperiod which includes the 12th of the month.

CONCEPTS

Industrial classificationEstablishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are

classified into industries on the basis of their principalproduct or activity determined from information on an-nual sales volume. Since January 1980, this informationis collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemploy-ment insurance tax reports filed by employers. For anestablishment making more than one product or engag-ing in more than one activity, the entire employment ofthe establishment is included under the industry in-dicated by the principal product or activity.

All data on employment, hours, and earnings for theNation and for States and areas are classified in ac-cordance with the 1972 Standard Industrial Classifica-tion Manual (SICM),Office of Management and Budget.The BLS tabulates and estimates statistics whichdistinguish between private and public establishments,thus maintaining continuity with previously publishedstatistics for the private and government sector.

Industry employmentEmployment data, except those for the Federal

Government, refer to persons on establishment payrollswho received pay for any part of the pay period whichincludes the 12th of the month. For Federal Govern-ment establishments, employment figures represent thenumber of persons who occupied positions on the lastday of the calendar month. Intermittent workers arecounted if they performed any service during themonth.

The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, un-paid volunteer or family workers, farm workers, anddomestic workers. Salaried officers of corporations areincluded. Government employment covers only civilianemployees; military personnel are excluded. Employeesof the Central Intelligence Agency and the NationalSecurity Agency are also excluded.

Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paidsick leave (when pay is received directly from the firm),on paid holiday, on paid vacation, or who work duringa part of the pay period even though they areunemployed or on strike during the rest of the periodare counted as employed. Not counted as employed arepersons who are on layoff, on leave without pay, onstrike for the entire period, or who were hired but havenot yet reported during the period.

Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employeeson nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure thepercent of industries which posted increases in employ-ment over the specified time span. The indexes arecalculated from 185 seasonally adjusted employmentseries (two-digit nonmanufacturing industries and three-digit manufacturing industries) covering all non-agricultural payroll employment in the private sector. Amore detailed discussion of these indexes appears in"Introduction of Diffusion Indexes," in the December1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Industry hours and earningsAverage hours and earnings data are derived from

reports of payrolls and hours for production and related

137


workers in manufacturing and mining, constructionworkers in construction, and nonsupervisory employeesin private service-producing industries.

Production and related workers include workingsupervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (includinggroup leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, pro-cessing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage,handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking,hauling, maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services,product development, auxiliary production for plant'sown use (e.g., power plant), recordkeeping, and otherservices closely associated with the above productionoperation.

Construction workers include the followingemployees in the construction division: Working super-visors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices,helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, altera-tions, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whetherworking at the site of construction or working in shopsor yards at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling)ordinarily performed by members of the constructiontrades.

Nonsupervisory employees include employees (notabove the working supervisory level) such as office andclerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators,drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, socialworkers, research aides, teachers, drafters, photo-graphers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers,custodial workers, attendants, line installers andrepairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and otheremployees at similar occupational levels whose servicesare closely associated with those of the employees listed.

Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time pro-duction, construction, or nonsupervisory workers whoreceived pay for any part of the pay period which in-cludes the 12th of the month. The payroll is reportedbefore deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age andunemployment insurance, group insurance, withholdingtax, bonds, or union dues; also included is pay for over-time, holidays, vacation, and sick leave paid directly bythe firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly eachpay period); other pay not earned in the pay periodreported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips; and the value offree rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are ex-cluded. "Fringe benefits'' (such as health and othertypes of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,paid by the employer) are also excluded.

Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay periodwhich includes the 12th of the month for production,construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included arehours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leavewhen pay is received directly from the firm.

Overtime hours cover hours worked by productionor related workers for which overtime premiums were

paid because the hours were in excess of the number ofhours of either the straight-time workday or theworkweek during the pay period which included the12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are in-cluded only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours forwhich only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or othersimilar types of premiums were paid are excluded.

Average weekly hours. The workweek informationrelates to the average hours for which pay was receivedand is different from standard or scheduled hours. Suchfactors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours tobe lower than scheduled hours of work for an establish-ment. Group averages further reflect changes in theworkweek of component industries.

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of ag-gregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the cur-rent month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthlyfigures for 1977. For basic industries, the hours ag-gregates are the product of average weekly hours andproduction worker or nonsupervisory worker employ-ment. At all higher levels of industry aggregation, hoursagregates are the sum of the component aggregates.

Average overtime hours. The overtime hours representthat portion of the average weekly hours which exceed-ed regular hours and for which overtime premiums werepaid. If an employee were to work on a paid holiday atregular rates, receiving as total compensation his or herholiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours workedthat day, no overtime hours would be reported.

Since overtime hours are premium hours by defini-tion, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessari-ly move in the same direction from month to month; forexample, overtime premiums may be paid for hours inexcess of the straight-time workday although less than afull week is worked. Diverse trends at the industrygroup level also may be caused by a marked change inhours for a component industry where little or no over-time was worked in both the previous and currentmonths. In addition, such factors as stoppages,absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the sameinfluence on overtime hours as on average hours.

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings areon a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes inbasic hourly and incentive wage rates but also suchvariable factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes in output of workers paid on anincentive plan. They also reflect shifts in the number ofemployees between relatively high-paid and low-paidwork and changes in workers' earnings in individual

138


establishments. Averages for groups and divisions fur-ther reflect changes in average hourly earnings for in-dividual industries.

Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates.Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a statedperiod of time; rates are the amount stipulated for agiven unit of work or time. The earnings series do notmeasure the level of total labor costs on the part of theemployer since the following are excluded: Irregularbonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfarebenefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earningsfor those employees not covered under the productionworker, construction worker, 6v nonsupervisory em-ployee definitions.

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wagepayments. This series is compiled only for aircraftmanufacturing, sic 3721. The same concepts andestimation methods apply to this series as apply to theaverage hourly earnings series described above; the onedifference between the two series is definitional. Thepayroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu ofgeneral wage rate increases; such payments are excludedfrom the definition of gross payrolls used to calculatethe other average hourly earnings series.

For each sample establishment, in sic 3721 covered bya lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data areadjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sumpayment. Such payments are generally made once a yearand cover the following 12-month period. In order tospread the payment across this time period, a proratedportion of the payment is added to the payroll ea<chmonth. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rateto reduce the lump-sum amount to account for personswho received the payment but left before the paymentallocation period expired.

Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Averagehourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, arecomputed by dividing the total production workerpayroll for the industry group by the sum of total pro-duction worker hours and one-half of total overtimehours. No adjustments are made for other premiumpayment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shiftwork, and overtime rates other than time and one-half.

Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class Irailroads (excluding switching and terminal companies)are based on monthly data summarized in the M-300report of the Interstate Commerce Commission andrelate to all employees except executives, officials, andstaff assistants (ice group I) who received pay duringthe month. Average hourly earnings are computed bydividing total compensation by total hours paid for.Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total

number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, bythe; number of employees, as defined above. Averagewoekly earnings are derived by multiplying averageweekly hours by average hourly earnings.

/Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived bymultiplying average weekly hours estimates by averagehourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earningsare affected not only by changes in average hourly earn-ings but also by changes in the length of the workweek.Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion ofpart-time workers, stoppages for varying reasons, laborturnover during the survey period, and absenteeism forwhich employees are not paid may cause the averageworkweek to fluctuate.

Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can beaffected by structural changes in the makeup of thework force. For example, persistent long-term increasesin the proportion of part-time workers in retail tradeand many of the services industries have reducedaverage workweeks in these industries and have affectedthe average weekly earnings series.

Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, arecalculated from the earnings averages for the currentmonth using a deflator derived from the ConsumerPrice Index for Urban Wage Earners and ClericalWorkers (CPI-W).

ESTIMATING METHODS

The principal features of the procedure used toestimate employment for the establishment statistics are(1) the use of the "link relative'' technique, which is aform of ratio estimation; (2) periodic adjustment ofemployment levels to new benchmarks; and (3) the useof size and regional stratification.

The 'link relative" techniqueFrom a sample composed of establishments reporting

for both the previous and current months, the ratio ofcurrent-month -employment to that of the previousmonth is computed. This is called a "link relative/' Theestimates of employment (all employees, including pro-duction and nonproduction workers together) for thecurrent month are obtained by multiplying the estimatesfor the previous month by these "link relatives." In ad-dition, bias correction factors are applied to selectedemployment estimates each month. The size of the biascorrection factors is determined from past benchmarkcomparisons. Beginning with data for April 1983, thesefactors are modified by changes in the sample linkrelatives for the most recent quarter. Other features ofthe general procedures are described in table L.

Size and regional stratificationA number of industries are stratified by size of

139


Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings

Employment, hours,and earnings

All employees

Production or nonsupervisory workers, womenemployees .

Average weekly hours.

Average weekly overtime hours .

Average hourly earnings.

Average weekly earnings .

All employees, women employees, andproduction or nonsupervisory workers .


Average weekly overtime hours .

Average hourly earnings.

Average weekly earnings .

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, orregion,'size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,where stratified, industry)

Monthly data

All-employee estimate for previous month multipliedby ratio of all employees; in current month to allemployees in previous month, for sample estab-lishments which reported lor both months.1

All-employees estimate for current month multipliedby (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory work-ers to all employees in sample establish-ments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of womento all employees.2

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours dividedby number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2

Production worker overtime hours divided by numberof production workers.2

Total production or nonsupen/isory worker payrolldivided by total production or nonsupervisory workerhours.2

Product of average weekly hours and average hourlyearnings.

Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.

Sum of production or nonsupervisory workerestimates, or estimates of women employees, forcomponent cells.

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisoryworker employment, of the average weekly hours forcomponent cells.

Average, weighted by production worker employment,of the average weekly overtime hours for com-ponent cells.

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the averagehourly earnings for component cells.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourlyearnings.

Annual average data

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or non-supervisory worker employment mult ipl iedby average weekly hours) divided by annualsum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (pro-duction worker employment multiplied byaverage weekly overt ime hours) dividedby annual sunvof employment.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of pro-duction or nonsupervisory worker employmentby weekly hours and hourly earnings) dividedby annual aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and averagehourly earnings.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or non-supervisory workers divided by annual sum ofemployment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours forproduction workers divided by aryiual sum ofemployment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided byannual aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and averagehourly earnings.

1 The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias ad-justment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly form-ed enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.

2 The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weeklyhours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by

a wedding technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arisingmainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedureaccepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, atthe same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latestsample average.

140


establishment and/or by region, and the stratified produc-tion or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight thehours and earnings into broader industry groupings. Ac-cordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the sum-mary of computational methods in table L, may be awhole industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a sizestratum of a region within an industry.

Benchmark adjustmentsEmployment estimates are compared periodically with

benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) forthe various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate ad-justments are made as indicated. The industry estimatesare currently projected from March 1985 levels. Normally,benchmark adjustments are made annually.

The primary sources of benchmark information areemployment data, by industry, compiled quarterly byState agencies from reports of establishments coveredunder State unemployment insurance laws. Thesetabulations cover about 97 percent of employees onnonagricultural payrolls in the United States. Bench-mark data for the residual are obtained from the recordsof the Social Security Administration, the InterstateCommerce Commission, and a number of other agen-cies in private industry or government.

The estimates for the benchmark month are comparedwith new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revi-sions are necessary, the monthly series of estimates be-tween benchmark periods are adjusted between the newbenchmark and the preceding one, and the new bench-mark for each industry is then carried forward progressive-ly to the current month by use of the sample trends. Thus,under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establishthe level of employment; the sample is used to measure themonth-to-month changes in the level. A comparison of theactual amounts of revisions made at the time of the March1985 benchmark adjustment is shown in table M.

Data for all months since the last benchmark to whichthe series has been adjusted are subject to revision. Reviseddata are published as soon as possible after each bench-mark revision.

Table M. Comparison of nonagricultural employmentbenchmarks and estimates for March 1985

Industry

Total .

MiningConstruction . .ManufacturingTransportation and public

utilitiesWholesale trade .Retail tradeFinance, insurance, and

real estate .Services . . . .Government.

Benchmark

96,042,000

933,0004,241,000

19,295,000

5,155,0005,654,000

16,782,000

5,825,00021,561,000 I16,596,000

Estimate

96,045,000

962,0004,180,000

19,399,000

5,205,0005,681,000

16,818,000 i

' 5,796,00021,536,00016,468,000

Percentdiffer-ence

(1)

-3.11.4-.5

-1.0_ c

-.2

.5

.1

.8

1 Less than 0.05 percent.

THE SAMPLE

Desi gnThe sampling plan used in the Current Employment

Statistics > program is known as "sampling proportionate toaverage * ;ize of establishment." This design is an optimumallocation design among strata since the sampling varianceis proportional to the average size of establishments.Under t hi: 5 type of design, large establishments fall into thesample with certainty. The size of the sample for thevarious, industries is determined empirically on the basis ofexperience and of cost considerations. In a manufacturingindustry in which a high proportion of total employment isconcen trated in relatively few establishments, a larger per-cent of total employment is included in the sample. Conse-quently, the s ample design for such industries provides fora com plete census of the large establishments, with only afew chiosen from among the smaller establishments ornone ;at all if the concentration of employment is greatenough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a largeproportion of total employment is in small establishments,the sample desig n calls for inclusion of all large establish-ments and also for a substantial number of the small ones.Many industries L n the trade and services divisions fall intothis category. To keep the sample to a size which can behandled by available resources, it is necessary to designsamples for these industries with a smaller proportion ofuniverse employmei it than is the case for most manufac-turing industries. Sii ice individual establishments in thesenonmanufacturing divisions generally show less fluctua-tion from regular cy clical or seasonal patterns than doestablishments in man \ufacturing industries, these smallersamples (in terms oi ? employment) generally producereliable estimates.

In the context of the 1 *LS Current Employment Statisticsprogram, with its emph asis on producing timely data atminimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will pro-vide coverage of a suf ficiently large segment of theuniverse to provide reasoi lably reliable estimates that canbe published promptly anc i regularly. The present samplemeets these specifications fc )r most industries. With its use,the BLS is able to produc -e preliminary estimates eachmonth for many industries a nd for many geographic levelswithin a few weeks after th e reference period, and, at asomewhat later date, statistic :s in considerably greater in-dustrial detail.

CoverageThe BLS sample of establishment employment and

payrolls is the largest monthly sampling operation in thefield of social statistics . Table IN shows the approximateproportion of total emj3loyment in each industry divisioncovered by the group of establishn aents furnishing monthlyemployment data. The coverage l ror individual industrieswithin the division ma>' vary from the proportions shown.

Reliability of the em ployment es ttimatesAlthough the relath 'ely large size » of the BLS establish-

ment sample assures a high degrt *e of accuracy, theestimates derived from it may differ f rom the figures thatwould be obtained if it were possible to take a complete

141


Table N. Approximate size and coverage off BLS empl oymentand payrolls sample, March 19851

Industry

Total .

MiningConstructionManufacturingTransportation and public utilities . . .Wholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, andreal estate .

Services . . .Government:

federal2.State .Local .

Numberof estab-lishmentsin sample

243,000

3,60022,50052,00011,50022,30042,400

17,10048,500

5,1003,800

14,200

Employe

Numberreported

38,173,000

374,000858,000

10,654,0002,409,0001,042,0003,319,000

2,091, OO'O5,267,000

2,839,0003,087, 0006,233 ,000

F

•es

'ercent oftotal

40

402055471820

3624

10079(53

1 Since a few establishments do not report payroll and hoursinformation, hours and earnings estimates may be based on ;a slightlysmaller sample than employment estimates.

2 National estimates of Federal employment by a< gency are provided toBLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Deta1 iied industry estimatesfor the Executive Branch, as well as State and are a estimates of Federalemployment, are based on a sample of 5,100 rep orts covering about 64percent of employment in Federal establishments.

census using the same schedules arid procedures. Asdiscussed under the previous sectiori, a "link relative"technique is used to estimate employ anent. This requiresthe use of the previous month's esf jmate as the base incomputing the current month's e? stimate. Thus, smallsampling and response errors n iay accumulate overseveral months. To remove this a ccumulated error, theestimates are usually adjusted ar inually to new bench-marks. In addition to taking ac count of sampling andresponse errors, the benchmar k revision adjusts theestimates for changes in the in/ iustrial classification ofindividual establishments (res ulting from changes intheir product which are not i reflected in the levels ofestimates until the data are adjusted to new bench-marks). In fact, at the more • detailed industry levels,particularly within manufacti jring, changes in classifica-tion are the major cause o f benchmark adjustments.Another cause of difference s airises from improvementsin the quality of the benchr nark data. Table O presentsthe average percent revisions of the five most recentbenchmarks for major industry divisions. Detaileddescriptions of individual benchmark revisions areavailable from the Burea? a upon request.

The hours and earning's estimates for basic estimatingcells are not subject to benchmark revisions, althoughthe broader groupings may be affected slightly bychanges in employment weights. The hours and earningsestimates, however, Fire subject to sampling errors,which may be expressed as relative errors of theestimates. (A relative error is a standard error expressedas a percent of the e stimate.) Relative errors for majorindustries are preser ited in table O and for individual in-dustries with the sp< reified numbeir of employees in tableP. The chances are; about 2 out o f 3 that the hours andearnings estimates, from the sample would differ by a

smaller percentage than the relative error from theaverages that would have been obtained from a com-plete census.

One measure of the reliability of the employmentestimates for individual industries is the root-mean-square error (RMSE). The measure is the standard devia-tion adjusted for the bias in estimates:

RMSE= V/(Standard Deviation)2 + (Bias)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 thatan estimate from the sample would differ from itsbenchmark by less than the root-mean-square error.The chances are about 19 out of 20 that the differencewould be less than twice the root-mean-square error.

Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (basedon the most recent benchmark revisions) of differencesbetween final estimates and benchmarks are presentedin table P.

For the two most recent months, estimates of employ-ment, hours, and earnings are preliminary and are sofootnoted in the tables. These figures are based on lessthan the total sample and are revised when all thereports in the sample have been received. Table Qpresents root-mean-square errors of the amounts ofrevisions that may be expected between the preliminaryand final levels of employment and preliminary andfinal month-to-month changes. Revisions ofpreliminary hours and earnings estimates are normallynot greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1cent for hourly earnings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREASState and area employment, hours, and earnings data

Table O. Average benchmark revision in employmentestimates and relative errors for average weekly hours andaverage hourly earnings by industry

(In percent)

Industry

TotalTotal private

MiningConstructionManufacturing


Transportation and public utilitiesWholesale tradeRetail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estate .Services

Government3

Averagebench-

mark revi-sion in

estimatesof employ-

ment1

0.2.3

2.91.6.6.7.6.4.3

1.2.3.2.4

Relativeerrors2

Averageweeklyhours

0.11.0

.2

.1

.1

.1

.7

.2

.2

.2

.4

Averagehourly

earnings

0.21.3.5.2.3.2.6.4.4.4.6

The average percent revision in employment for the 1981-85benchmarks.

2 Relative errors relate to 1982 data.3 Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal

Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and asample of State and local government reports.

142


Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences betweenbenchmarks and estimates of employment and averagerelative errors for average weekly hours and average hourlyearnings

Size of employment estimate

50,000 ....100,000200,000 ..500,0001,000,000..2,000,000..

Relative error2

(in percent)

2,1003,9005,600

14,00015,00026,000

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.Relative errors relate to (982 data.

are collected and prepared by State agencies in coopera-tion with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan

areas. Definitions for all areas are published each yearin the issue of Employment and Earnings that containsState and area annual averages (usually the May issue).Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Addi-tional industry detail may be obtained from the Stateagencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.These statistics are based on the same establishmentreports used by BLS for preparing national estimates.For employment, the sum of the State figures may differslightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on anational basis, because some States have more recentbenchmarks than others and because of the effects ofdiffering industrial and geographic stratification.

For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sec-tions of this periodical, all the annual average data forthe detailed industry statistics currently published byeach cooperating State agency are presented in a sum-mary volume published annually by the BLS.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary

Industry

Total

Total private1

Goods-producing

Mining .Oil and gas extraction1

ConstructionGeneral building contractors1 ..

Manufacturing.

Durable goodsLumber and wood products. . .Furniture and fixturesStone, clay, and glass productsPrimary metal industries

Blast furnaces and basicsteel products1

Fabricated metal products . . .Machinery, except electrical. .Electrical and electronicequipment

Transportation equipment. . .Motor vehicles andequipment1

Instruments and relatedproducts

Miscellaneous manufacturing.

Nondurable goodsFood and kindred products . .Tobacco manufactures .Textile mill productsApparel and other textile

productsPaper and allied products . . .Printing and publishing

employment estimates

Root-mean-square errorof-

Monthlylevel

110,000

63,100

35,200

5,5004,600

18,3007,900

28,700

22,1003,8003,0002,3006,100

Month-to-monthchange

101,100

56,800

29,400

5,3004,300

13,5005,400

27,200

20,2003,2002,4002,1005,900

5,000 4,yuu4,600 3,9008,700 7,800

6,200 6,40013,200 | 11,800

10,000

2,2002,000

11,8008,5001,6002,700

10,200

2,1002,000

11,7008,6001,5002,700

6,500 6,1001,900 1,7002,400 2,500

Industry

Nondurable goods—ContinuedChemicals and allied products ..Petroleum and coal productsRubber and misc. plasticsproducts

Leather and leather products . .

Service-producing industries . .

Transportation and public utilities . .Transportation1

Communication and publicutilities1

Wholesale trade1 .Durable goods1 . . .Nondurable goods1

Retail trade1

General merchandise stores1 ..Food stores1

Automotive dealers and servicestations1

Eating and drinking places1

Finance, insurance, and real estateFinance1 .Insurance1 .Real estate1

ServicesBusiness services1

Health services1 . .

GovernmentFederalState1.Local1

Root-mean-square errorof-

Monthlylevel

2,5001,700

2,3002,800

98,200

14,70018,400

5,200

8,5005,6005,000

33,70019.7006,500

3,30019,200

8,6004,2002,8005,000

32,20012,90010,500

72,40018,20026,20038,800

Month-to-monthchange

2,4001,600

2,2002,600

94,000

14,20017,800

4,800

7,8005J004,500

32,40019,0005,800

2,90017,100

7,3003,6002,2004,100

27,90010,80010,200

66,10015,10024,70035,900

1 Data are based on differences from January 1981 through December1985; all other data reflect differences from January 1980 through December1985.

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Productivity Data(Tables C-9 through C-11)

COLLECTIONProductivity data are compiled by the Bureau of

Labor Statistics from establishment data and fromestimates of compensation and gross national productsupplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the,Federal Reserve Board.

CONCEPTSHours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural

establishments refer to hours paid for all employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salariedworkers.

Output is the constant-dollar market value of finalgoods and services produced in a given period. Indexesof output per hour of all persons measure changes in thevolume of goods and services produced per paid hour oflabor input.

Compensation per hour includes wages and salariesof employees plus employers' contributions for socialinsurance and private benefit plans. The data also in-clude an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplementarypayments for the self-employed, except for nonfinancialcorporations, in which there are no self-employed.

Real compensation per hour is compensation perhour adjusted to elimate the effect of changes in theConsumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers(CPI-U).

Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation costrequired to produce one unit of output and are derivedby dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.

Unit nonlabor payments include profits, deprecia-tion, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output.

They are computed by subtracting compensation of allpersons from the current-dollar gross national productand dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlaborcosts contain all the components of unit nonlaborpayments except unit profits.

Unit profits include corporate profits and inventoryvaluation adjustments per unit of output.

The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing thecurrent-dollar estimate of gross product by theconstant-dollar estimate, making the deflator, in effect,a price index for gross product of the sector reported.

NOTES ON THE DATAFor the business sector and the nonfarm business sec-

tor, these indexes relate to the gross domestic productless households and institutions, owner-occupied hous-ing, and the statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancialcorporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domesticproduct of nonfinancial corporate business.

Manufacturing output data are supplied by theBureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department ofCommerce, and the Federal Reserve Board. Quarterlymeasures have been adjusted by the Bureau of LaborStatistics to annual estimates of output (gross productoriginating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis.Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau ofEconomic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.Historical statistics for most productivity measures ap-pear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81,BLS Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be ob-tained from the Office of Productivity and Technology(202 523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data(D table)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAMLabor force and unemployment estimates for States,

labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas coveredunder Federal assistance programs are developed byState employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program. The local unemploymentestimates which are derived from standardized pro-cedures developed by BLS are the basis of determiningeligibility of an area for benefits under Federal pro-grams such as the Job Training Partnership Act And thePublic Works and Economic Development Act.

Annual average data for the States and areas shownin table D are published in Employment and Earnings

(usually the May issue). For regions, States, selectedmetropolitan areas, and central cities, annual averagedata classified by selected demographic, social, andeconomic characteristics are published in the BLSbulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment andUnemployment.

Labor force and unemployment estimates for coun-ties, cities, and other small areas have been preparedfor administration of various Federal economicassistance programs and may be ordered from theSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Print-ing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The report"Employment and Unemployment in States and Local

144


Areas" is published monthly through GPO and isavailable on microfiche only on a subscription basis.

ESTIMATING METHODSThe civilian labor force and unemployment estimates

in J l large States: New York, California, Illinois, Ohio,New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Texas, Massachu-setts, North Carolina, and Florida; and two areas: LosAngeles—Long Beach metropolitan area and New YorkCity, are sufficiently reliable to be used directly fromthe CPS. For a description of the CPS concepts, see"Household Data," above.

Monthly labor force and unemployment estimates inthe remaining 39 States, the District of Columbia, and253 labor market areas are prepared in several stages.The civilian labor force is the sum of the employmentand unemployment levels, which are estimated in accord-ance with the BLS Manual for Developing Local AreaUnemployment Statistics.

1. Preliminary estimate—employment: The totalcivilian employment estimate is based on data from thesurvey of establishments which produces an estimate ofpayroll employment. This place-of-work estimate mustbe adjusted to refer to place of residence as used in theCPS. Factors for adjusting from place of work to placeof residence have been developed for the severalcategories of employment on the basis of employmentrelationships which existed at the time of the 1970decennial census. These factors are applied to thepayroll employment estimates for the current period toobtain adjusted employment estimates, to which areadded estimates for employment not covered by unem-ployment insurance (UI).

2. Preliminary estimate—unemployment: In the currentmonth, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate ofthe estimates for each of three building block categories:(1) Persons who were previously employed in industriescovered by State UI laws; (2) those previously employedin industries not covered by these laws; and (3) thosewho were entering the civilian labor force for the firsttime or reentering after a period of separation. This isreferred to below as the UI- based estimate.

An estimate for those previously employed in coveredindustries is derived from a count of current employ-ment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimantswhose benefits have been exhausted, those persons dis-qualified from receiving benefits for nonmonetaryreasons (because they quit, were discharged for cause,etc., but would otherwise have been eligible), and per-son who either filed claims late or not at all.

The estimate of those previously employed in in-dustries not covered by UI is derived by applying to theemployment estimate for each noncovered industry orclass of worker subgroup in the State, the ratio of

covered unemployment to covered employmentweighted by factors reflecting national historical rela-tionships.

For the third category, new entrants and reentrantsinto the labor force, a composite estimate is developedfrom equations that relate the total entrants into thelabor force to the experienced unemployed and the ex-perienced labor force. For each month, the estimate ofentrants into the labor force is a function of: (a) themonth of the year; (b) the level of the experiencedunemployed; (c) the level of the experienced labor force;and (d) the proportion of the working age populationthat is considered "youth." The composite estimate oftotal entrants is defined as:

U= A(X + E) + BX, whereU = total entrant unemploymentE = total civilian employmentX = total experienced unemployment

A,B= synthetic factors incorporatingseasonal variation and an assumedrelationship between the proportion ofyouths in the working population and thehistorical relationship of entrants to theexperienced unemployed (B factor) or theexperienced labor force (A factor).

3. Correction factors for employment and unemploy-ment are then applied at the State level of the Ul-basedestimates obtained above for each of the 39 States andthe District of Columbia. These correction factors arebased on the ratio of the CPS to the Ul-based estimatesfor the 6-month period ending in the current month(e.g., a 6-month moving average).

4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independentestimates of employment and unemployment areprepared for the State (obtained directly from the CPSin the 11 large States or by the Ul-based method in theremaining States), and labor market areas (LMA's)within the State. The total of the geographic areas inthe LMA's exhausts the geographic boundaries of theState. A proportional adjustment is applied to allsub-state • LMA estimates to ensure that the sub-stateestimates of employment and unemployment add to theindependent State totals. In California and New York,which also have sub-state areas taken directly from theCPS, the additivity adjustment for the reamining areasis applied to the State total minus the direct CPS area.

5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year,monthly estimates prepared by the State employmentsecurity agencies using Ul-based estimating proceduresare adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annualaverage CPS estimates for the 39 States and the Districtof Columbia for which monthly CPS estimates are not

145


available. This adjustment is necessary because theState-prepared estimates are not as reliable as the CPSannual averages due to differences in the State UI laws,the structural limitations of the Ul-based estimatingmethod, and errors in the UI data.

The benchmarked estimates are produced in threestages. First, the monthly Ul-based estimates are ad-justed by the ratio of the CPS to the Ul-based annualaverages. Second, the difference between the ratio of

annual averages for two consecutive years is wedged in-to the monthly estimates in order to minimize the dis-turbance to the original series. Finally, the third-stageestimates are forced into agreement with CPS annualaverages. In the 11 States which use CPS estimatesmonthly, no benchmark correction is required, as theaverage of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates willequal CPS annual averages.

Seasonal Adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation'slabor force, the levels of employment and unemploy-ment, and other measures of labor market activityundergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal eventsas changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closingof schools. Because these seasonal events follow a moreor less regular pattern each year, their influence onstatistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting thestatistics from month to month. These adjustmentsmake it easier to observe the cyclical and othernonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluatingchanges in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important tonote that seasonal adjustment is merely an approxima-tion based on past experience. Seasonally adjustedestimates have a broader margin of possible error thanthe original data on which they are based, since they aresubject, not only to sampling and other errors but arealso affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjust-ment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series forselected labor force and establishment-based data arepublished regularly in Employment and Earnings.

The seasonal adjustment program used for theseseries is an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-movingaverage method. It provides for "moving" adjustmentfactors to take account of changing seasonal patterns. Adetailed description of the method is given in The X-llVariant of the Census Method II Seasonal AdjustmentProgram, Technical Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Cen-sus (1967).

Beginning in January 1980, BLS introduced two ma-jor modifications in the seasonal adjustmentmethodology for data from the household survey. First,the data are being seasonally adjusted with a procedurecalled X-ll ARIMA, which was developed at StatisticsCanada as an extension of the existing standard X-llmethod. A detailed description of the procedure ap-pears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method,by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No.12-564E, February 1980. The X-ll procedure wasoriginally developed at the Bureau of the Census and

had been used by the BLS to seasonally adjust laborforce series since 1973. Test have shown that use of theX-ll ARIMA procedure, which places more emphasis onrecent data, provides better seasonal adjustments thandoes the X-ll month alone.

The second change is that seasonal adjustment factorsare calculated for use during the first 6 months of theyear rather than for the entire year. In July of each year,BLS calculates and publishes in Employment and Earn-ings a set of seasonal adjustment factors for use in thesecond half, based on the experience through June.Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 yearsare made at the beginning of each calendar year.However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for1970-81 based on 1980 census population counts, revi-sions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982 werecarried back to 1970.

All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, aswell as the major employment and unemploymentestimates, are computed by aggregating independentlyadjusted series. For example, for each of the three ma-jor labor force components-agricultural employment,nonagricultural employment, and unemployment-datafor four sex-age groups (men and women under andover 20 years of age) are separately adjusted forseasonal variation and are then added to deriveseasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally ad-justed figure for the labor force is the sum of eightseasonally adjusted civilian employment components,plus the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted forseasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemploy-ment components; the total for unemployment is thesum of the four unemployment components; and theoverall unemployment rate is derived by dividing theresulting estimate of total unemployment by theestimate of the labor force. Because of the independentseasonal adjustment of various series, components willnot necessarily add to totals.

Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected laborforce series based on the experience through December,new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate

146


the civilian unemployment rate for the first 6 monthsof the following year, and a description of the cur-rent seasonal adjustment methodology are publishedin each January issue of Employment and Earn-ings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering therevision period for a broader range of labor forceseries are published in the February issue of this publica-tion.

Beginning in July 1980 the BLS also uses the X-llARIMA methodology in seasonally adjusting theestablishment data, which previously had been com-puted using the BLS Seasonal Factor Method. All seriesare seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative modelsunder X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors usedin calculating the current year's estimates are based onactual data through March 1986 and projected datathrough March 1987. The ARIMA model options forprojecting the data series for 1 year ahead have beenused in seasonally adjusting the establishment seriessince June 1981.

Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied tothe component levels. Seasonally adjusted totals formost of these series are then obtained by taking aweighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for thecomponent series. Seasonally adjusted average weeklyearnings are the product of seasonally adjusted averagehourly earnings and seasonally adjusted average weeklyhours.

Average weekly earnings in constant dollars,seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing averageweekly earnings, seasonally adjusted, by the seasonallyadjusted Consumer Price Index for Urban WageEarners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiplyingby 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonallyadjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weeklyhours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsuper-

visory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the1977 base. For total private, total goods-producing,total private service-producing, wholesale trade, retailtrade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurablegoods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours,seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the ag-gregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the ap-propriate component industries and dividing by the1977 base.

Seasonally adjusted data are not published for anumber of series characterized by small seasonal com-ponents relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregularcomponents. These failed or unsatisfactory seasonallyadjusted series are used in the aggregation to broaderlevel seasonally adjusted series, however.

Beginning in June 1983, seasonal adjustment factorsfor Federal Government employment are derived fromunadjusted data which include Christmas temporaryworkers employed by the Postal Service. In earlier yearsthe number of these workers was substantial, and attimes varied greatly from year to year, based on ad-ministrative decisions of the Postal Service. Hence, itwas considered desirable to exclude this group from theunadjusted data upon which the seasonal adjustment fac-tors were based. In the past several years, the number ofthese workers has decreased to the point where theirpresence has no impact on seasonal adjustment. Tem-porary census takers for the 1980 decennial census areremoved prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustmentfactors for Federal Government employment.

The revised seasonally adjusted series for theestablishment data reflect experience through March1986. Seasonal adjustment factors to be used for currentadjustment appear in the June 1986 issue of Employ-ment and Earnings.

147


U.S. Department of LaborBureau of Labor StatisticsREGION I - BOSTONJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal BuildingSuite 1603Boston, Mass. 02203

REGION II - NEW YORKSuite 34001515 BroadwayNew York, N.Y. 10036

REGION III - PHILADELPHIA3535 Market StreetP.O. Box 13309Philadelphia, Pa. 19101

REGION IV - ATLANTASuite 5401371 Peachtree Street, NE.Atlanta, Ga. 30367

REGION V - CHICAGO9th Floor230 S. Dearborn StreetChicago, 111. 60604

REGION VI - DALLASRoom 221525 Griffin StreetDallas, Tex. 75202

REGIONS VII and VIII15th Floor911 Walnut StreetKansas City, Mo. 64106

KANSAS CITY REGIONS IX and X - SAN FRANCISCO450 Golden Gate AvenueBox 36017San Francisco, Calif. 94102

COOPERATING STATE AGENCIESCurrent Employment Statistics Program (CES), and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program

(LA US)

-Research and Statistics Div., Depart, of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Room 427, Montgomery 36130-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 25501, Juneau 99802-Department of Economic Security, 733-A, P.O. Box 6123, Phoenix 85005-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, State Capitol Mall, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203-Employment Data and Research Div., Employment Development Depart., P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808.-Division of Employment and Training, 1330 Fox Street, Denver 80204-Employment Security Division, Labor Department, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109-Department of Labor, University Plaza Office Complex, P.O. Box 9029, Newark 19711-Division of Labor Market Information, Research and Analysis, Department of Employment Services,

500 C Street N.W., Room 411, Washington 20001-Bureau of Research and Information, Depart, of Labor and Employment Security, 2574 Seagate Drive,Tallahassee 32301

-Department of Labor, 254 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta 30334-Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, 830 Punchbowl Street, Room 304, Honolulu 96813-Department of Employment, P.O. Box 35, Boise 83735-Bureau of Employment Security, 910 South Michigan Avenue, 12th Floor, Chicago 60605-Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204-Department of Job Service, 1000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319-Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka Avenue, Topeka 66603-Department for Employment Services, Cabinet for Human Resources, 275 E. Main Street, Frankfort 40621-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 44094, Capitol Station, Baton Rouge 70804-Division of Research and Analysis, Department of Labor, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330-Research and Analysis Division, Department of Human Resources, 1100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201-Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Building, Government Center, Boston 02114-Research and Statistics Division, Employment Security Commission, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202-Department of Jobs and Training, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101-Labor Market Information Department, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39215-1699-Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson City 65104-Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1728, Helena 59601-Division of Employment, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln 68509-Employment Security Department, 500 East Third Street, Carson City 89713-Department of Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301-Division of Planning and Research, Department of Labor, P O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625-Employment Services Division, Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 1928, Albuquerque 87103-Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor, State Campus, Building 12, Albany 12240-Labor Market Information Division, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611-Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502-Labor Market Information Division, Bureau of Employment Services, P.O. Box 1618, Columbus 43216-Research and Planning Division, Employment Security Commission, 310 Will Rogers Memorial Office Building,Oklahoma City 73105

-Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, 875 Union Street N.E., Salem 97311-Research and Statistics Division, Department of Labor and Industry, 7th and Forster Streets, Harrisburg 17121-Department of Labor and Human Resources, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 17th Fl.,Hato Rey 00918 (CES). Bureau of Employment Security, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 15th Fl., Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)

-Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903-Employment Security Commission, P. O. Box 995, Columbia 29202-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 1730, Aberdeen 57401-Department of Employment Security, Cordell Hull Office Building, Room 519, Nashville 37219-Employment Commission, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147-Department of Employment and Training, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier 05602-Division of Research and Analysis, Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211-Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 818, St. Thomas 00801-Employment Security Department, 212 Maple Park, Olympia 98504-Division of Labor and Economic Security, Depart, of Employment Security, 112 California Avenue,

Charleston 25305-Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 53707-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82602

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