Endgame Review VIII

A Brief History of Unit 8The Great Depression – 25% of Americans

unemployed

Keynesian vs Austrian theories

Global collapse – British gold standard, German inflation

Banking crisis – Afraid of bank failure, Americans withdraw money, causing bank failure

Hoover's Solution – Revenue Act, Nat'l Credit Assoc.

Hoovervilles, Hoover flags, Hoover blankets

Bonus Army invades DC, Japanese Army invades China

FDR100 Days – 15 new laws

3R's, Brain trust: underconsumption/overproduction

Emergency Banking Relief – FDIC

Cuts veteran benefits, ends Prohibition

AAA, CCC, FERA, PWA, TVA, NIRA, etc.

New Deal II – ERAB: $4B in new spending

Wagner Act – guaranteed right to organize

Social Security Act – old age/unemployment insurance

1937 Depression – backslides

SCOTUS dismantling much of New Deal

HUAC roots out “Communists”

Republicans refuse new spending – New Deal fails

World War II

Europe – Germany invades Poland Sept 1939; France/Belgium spring 1940; Battle of Britain summer/fall 1940; USSR 1941

Pacific – Pearl Harbor attacked Dec 7 1941; US declares war, Germany declares war on US

Germany First – FDR unsure of American commitment to fight in Europe; invades North Africa, Sicily, Italy, then France; Russia rolls in; Hitler kills himself April 1945; Germany surrenders

Pacific and Home Fronts

Island Hopping – US bypasses unimportant islands as the Navy drives toward Japan; 2 nuclear bombs later, Japan surrenders Sept 1945

Homefront – racial and social tensions

Women – worked in factories, maintained homes

African-Americans – dealt with prejudice and discrimination in work and army

Japanese-Americans – internment camps because they were freaking out white people

Early Cold War and TrumanConstant war – America must remain engaged

New defense establishment – Pentagon, CIA, NSC

UN and NATO – first military alliances in peacetime

Truman harsher with USSR than FDR: • Containment – keep communism from spreading

• Germany/Berlin and Korea divided

Truman Doctrine – contain communism anywhere

Marshall Plan - $13B poured into Europe to fix

Fair Deal – Truman's social policies

End segregation, accept immigrants, and promote civil rights

Federal spending on education, housing, SS, etc.

Nearly loses him the 1948 election