ENDOCRINE PROJECTBy: Katie GlaeserMelanie Olmedo8th

January 13, 2014

Female Gonads (ovaries)

The female gonads (ovaries) are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus.

HORMONES •MAJOR:• ESTROGEN• PROMOTES THE

DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS

• PROGESTERONE• PREPARE AND

MAINTAIN THE BODY FOR PREGNANCY

Hormones Continued

Minor: LH (luteinizing hormone)

triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum.

FSH(follicle stimulating hormone) released by the anterior pituitary gland

HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) produced during pregnancy

GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

released during a menstrual cycle or giving birth

Relaxinproduced during pregnancy

TypesSteroid hormones: Estrogen

and Progestero

ne

Sex hormones: estrogen

Hormones Affect on the Body

The two hormones affect the body by controlling the development of female body characteristics such as:

Breasts Body Shape Body Hair They also regulate the menstrual

cycle and pregnancy. Increases growth of bones during

adolescence that lead to adult height and proportions.

Homeostasis

Progesterone is most active in females during ovulation and pregnancy where it maintains appropriate conditions in the human body to support a developing fetus.

Homeostasis Continued• Estrogens- A loss contributes to • Negative effects on the brain and

homeostasis • Estrogen helps improve blood flow to the

brain and prevents Alzheimer disease • Blocks the production of chemicals contributing

to it. • Increases the level of serotonin

• a chemical in the brain known to improve mood.

• A loss of estrogen can not only affect womens physical health but mental health as well

POSITIVE FEEDBACK:

• OCCURS BEFORE OVULATION

• ESTROGEN CAUSES THE RELEASE OF GNRH(GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE) FROM THE HYPOTHALAMUS• LH(LUTEINIZING

HORMONE) FROM THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY

• LH CAUSES THE RELEASE OF ESTROGEN

Causes Menstrual Cycles

Negative Feedback:

• Occurs after Ovulation• Corpus luteum

secretes progesterone because of the LH hormone• Progesterone inhibits

GnRH from the hypothalamus and LH from the anterior pituitary

Stops Menstrual Cycles

Animation

• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/animation__positive_and_negative_feedback__quiz_2_.html

OVARY FAILURE

Hypogonadism

• Causes: genetic disorders, infection, liver and kidney disease, radiation

• Effects: no hormones are produced, no menstrual cycles

• Treatments: Hormone based medicines usually come in pills or skin patches.

Ovary Failure Continued•Causes: aging •Effects: hot flashes, night sweats, discomfort, urine infections, and incontinence•Treatments: HRT (hormone replacement therapy), this treatment wont stop menopause from happening but it will make it less unbearable

Menopause

DISEASES

Ovarian Cancer

• Tumors arise most commonly from the epithelium of the ovary

Ovarian Cyst

• Sac filled with fluid or semifluid materials

Diseases Continued

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

•irregular periods, acne, obesity, and excessive hair growth. •Stein-Leventhal syndrome. •number of small cysts.

Premature Ovarian Failure

•women stop having periods at a very early age

Ovarian Torsion

•Partial or complete rotation of the ovary with its fallopian tube on its ligaments , inhibits the blood supply to the ovary

Sources

• http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8978• http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP2pages/reprod/female1.htm• http://www.healthywomen.org/condition/progesterone• http://www.menopauseatoz.com/00058.shtml• http://www.ovarydisease.com/>• http://www.medicinenet.com/ovarian_cancer/article.htm> • http://www.medicinenet.com/polycystic_ovary/article.htm> • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001195.htm