energetickÝ certifikÁt budovy - ener supply · web viewdoor and window openings are fitted with...

Investor: Miestny úrad mestskej časti Košice – Nad jazerom

Certificate prepared by: prof. Ing. Peter Horbaj, CSc.

Ing. Erika Pavlušová, PhD.

Ing. Norbert Horváth

Date: 20th March 2010

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ENERGY PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATE REPORT

Conversion of the Kindergarten on Poludníková Street into multi-purpose premises

MČ Košice – Nad jazerom

Abstract:

The administrative building is located on Poludníkova Street No. 7 in Košice. The energy perform-ance certificate of this building was prepared on the basis of the available project documentation and building inspection. The certification was carried out in accordance with applicable Decree No. 311/2009 exercising Act No. 555/2005 of Coll. on Energy Performance of Buildings. The result of the above review was an energy performance certificate and a graphic scheme represented by a building energy performance label. The energy performance class was based on a common meth-odology used for energy performance calculation.

Authors:

prof. Ing. Peter Horbaj, CSc.

Company:Registered office:Company Registration No.:Mobile phone:E-mail:

EEE - AudiCert, s.r.o.Hanojská 4, 040 13 Košice44 564 3330905 478 [email protected]

Ing. Erika Pavlušová, PhD.


ENERGO-CT s.r.o.Húskova 87, 040 23 Košice44 027 4860948 509 [email protected]

Ing. Norbert Horváth


Ing. Norbert Horváth – NH PartnerRosná 3, 040 01 Košice43 150 6910908 998 [email protected]

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1. ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF THE BUILDING

1.1. Introduction

The subject to the energy performance evaluation is a former kindergarten converted into an ad-ministrative building: Miestny úrad Košice – Nad Jazerom – City district, 7, Poludníková Street. The energy performance certificate was prepared based on consultations with the investor and the be-low-stated documents. Prior to the certificate preparation, the investor stated that the as-is construction of the site con-forms to the submitted project documentation and is thus fit for standardized evaluation.

1.2. Documents

Project documentation:- The project documentation for the building permit „Conversion of the Kindergarten on

Poludníkova Street into multi-purpose premises, Nad jazerom City District“, prepared by Ing. Ján Potočiar, SUDOP Košice a.s., 3, Čermeľská, Košice, year of preparation 2005.

Standards used:[1] STN 73 0540-1 Thermo-technical characteristics of building elements and buildings - thermal in-

sulation of buildings. Part 1: Terminology

[2] STN 73 0540-2 Thermo-technical characteristics of building elements and buildings - thermal in-sulation of buildings. Part 2: Functional requirements

[3] STN 73 0540-3 Thermo-technical characteristics of building elements and buildings - thermal in-sulation of buildings. Part 3: Properties of the environment.

[4] STN 73 0540-4 Thermo-technical characteristics of building elements and buildings - thermal in-sulation of buildings. Part 4: Calculation method.

[5] STN EN ISO 6946 Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance. Calculation method.

[6] STN EN ISO 13788 Hydrothermal performance of building components and building elements. In-ternal surface temperature to avoid critical surface humidity and interstitial con-densation.

[7] STN EN ISO 13790 Thermo-technical characteristics of buildings. Calculation of the energy for heat-ing.

[8] STN EN ISO 13790/NA

Thermo-technical characteristics of buildings. Calculation of the energy for heat-ing. National attachment.

[11] STN EN 15217 Energy performance of buildings. Methods for expressing energy performance and energy certification of buildings.

Legal regulations:- Act No. 555/2005 on Energy Performance of Buildings and on Changes in and Amend-

ments to Some Acts - Decree No. 311/2009 stipulating details of energy performance calculation and energy per-

formance content

Reference list:- I. Chmúrny et al.: Komentár a návrh výpočtu energetickej certifikácie budov / Comments to

and proposal of energy performance calculation, published by Inžinierske konzultačné stredisko Slovenskej komory stavebných inžinierov, October 2007.

- Z. Sternová et al.: Atlas tepelných mostov / The Atlas of Thermal Bridges, published by Jaga group, s.r.o., Bratislava, 2006.

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1.3. Requirements related to energy performance of the building

Act No. 555/2005 of Coll. on Energy Performance of Buildings specifies procedures and measures for energy performance improvement so as to optimise the internal environment of buildings and to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide created by building operation. Energy performance represents the amount of energy required for the fulfilment of all the energy needs related to a standard building use. This mainly applies to the amount of energy required for heating and hot-water preparation, air-conditioning, venting and lighting. According to the energy performance and carbon dioxide emissions individual building categories are assigned to energy classes A to G. Each energy class is expressed by a numeric range and is a sum of numeric indicators from individual energy consumption points in the building expressed by partial energy performance classes. Any new building must meet the minimum requirements of energy efficiency applicable to them and stipulated by technical standards. The project engineer is obliged to include the above minimum re-quirements of energy efficiency in their project documentation prepared for a building permit and to state the result of the energy performance report in a technical report of such project documenta-tion. Thanks to the energy performance certification the building is given an energy performance rating or class. Building calculation and categorisation forms the basis of energy performance certifica-tion. The result of such certification performance is an energy performance certificate. The methodology of energy efficiency calculation is based on a project, standardized, operational and adjusted evaluation of building energy performance. Standardized evaluation is used for the purpose of an approval procedure. It lies in the specification of energy required for heating, hot wa-ter preparation, air-conditioning, venting and for the lighting installed in the building. Such energy is calculated on the basis of standardised input data related to external climatic conditions, internal environment of the building, the purpose the building is used for and input data to actual construc-tion of building elements and technical and energy-related equipment of the building. It is used for energy performance certification. The result of such standardised evaluation is used to specify building energy efficiency rating.The total supplied energy is the sum of the energy supplied to individual energy-consuming equip-ment and to individual consumption points in the building and is expressed in kWh/m2 of the total floor area of the building - global indicator. If the above requirement is not met technically and economically suitable measures are then pro-posed for the building under evaluation in order to reduce the energy performance of the building to the required level. The energy needed for the building is expressed as the total annual kWh of supplied energy re-quired for heating, hot water preparation, air-conditioning, venting and lighting arising from its standard use and based on energy balance evaluation. An interval method calculating individual monthly energy balance is used for such energy balance evaluation. The total supplied energy is defined as the sum of the energy supplied in each time interval of the year and for all the heated, cooled, vented and air-conditioned zones of the building. As regards the buildings designed as ac-commodation premises, the calculation can be also based on a heating period. The type of the en-ergy carrier is also taken into consideration for calculation purposes. For the comparison of building energy performance a global indicator, i.e. specific energy con-sumption of the building expressed as annual supplied energy per total building floor area in kWh/m2.year is specified. The result of such evaluation is a building energy performance certificate and an extract from the energy performance certificate having the form of an energy efficiency or performance label.

1.4. Calculation method

The administrative building under building energy performance evaluation has been renovated. Its energy performance certificate was prepared as a part of its final approval procedure. Evaluation method – standardized evaluation;The requirements of building certification related to their power performance are based on the im-plementation of Directive of the European Parliament and Council No. 2002/91/ES of 16 th Decem-

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ber 2002 on Energy Performance of Buildings in the national legislation. Calculation methods are therefore similar in Central European countries. Upon their modification and transformation, they enable to use standard calculation methods arising from national technical standards harmonized with European technical legislation. Calculation was carried out in accordance with single calculation methodology stated in Decree No. 311/2009. The evaluation uses a balance method for a yearly time period. In order to calculate the performance of a building it has to be divided into zones. A building or its part is a zone if supplied from the same structure of energy systems or it has various methods of use in accordance with standardised conditions of internal and external environment and operation stipulated in applicable technical standards.

The building is used for administrative purposes only. The required temperature in different areas does not differ by more than 4 K. That is the reason why the building is regarded as a single tem-perature zone.

Building class: Administrative buildings

1.5. Building specification

The administrative building consists of two above-ground storeys. The entrance to the building faces southeast. There is a ground-level part of the meeting room designed from this south-eastern side. The cladding of the administrative building is made of 300 mm thick aero-concrete blocks, window piers are made of 300 mm thick Ytong building blocks. The cladding is thermally insulated using the contact insulating system Baumit with its 80 mm thick facade insulating boards Nobasil. Horizontal load-carrying structures consist of 300 mm thick Spiroll reinforced concrete floor panels. There is an inclined roof above the original roof structure of this two-storey building. The floor struc-ture located above the second above-ground storey is thermally insulated using panels made of 180 mm thick Nobasil basalt wool. There is a new single-cladding roof structure over the above-ground part of the building. It is thermally insulated using 200 mm thick Nobasil panels.The roof of the two-storey building is covered with metal sheets Rannila and the roof of the ground-level building with Fatrafol foil. The floor on the terrain level stayed the same. However, its wear layer has been renewed. Door and window openings are fitted with plastic double-glazed doors and windows.

Building viewed from north-west

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Building viewed from south-west

2. ENERGY NEEDED FOR STANDARDISED EVALUATION

2.1. Criterion of minimum thermal-insulating qualities of building structures

The composition of building structures starts from the interior:

A.: Composition of the aero-concrete building cladding:

Dwg. No.

Material Thicknessd (m)

Heat conductivity coefficient W/(m.K)

1. Lime plaster 0.005 0.872. Aero-concrete brickwork 0.300 0.343. Lime-cement plaster 0.005 0.994. Baumit adhesive mortar 0.005 0.805. Nobasil mineral wool facade insulation

boards0.080 0.044

6. Reinforcing mortar with forced-in fibreglass grating and anchoring elements 0.003 0.99

7. Baumit all-purpose primer 0.00058. Baumit silicate plaster 0.002 0.70

Thermal resistance of the structure:Rsi = 0.13 m2.K/W, Rse = 0.04 m2.K/W, R = 2.723 m2.K/W

Thermal transmittance:U = 0.35 W/(m2.K) < UN = 0.46 W/(m2.K) Acceptable

Annual moisture balance of the structure:There is not condensation of water vapour taking place in the structure.

B.: Composition of the meeting room cladding:

Dwg. No.



1. Lime plaster 0.005 0.872. Ytong brickwork 0.450 0.133. Lime-cement plaster 0.005 0.994. Baumit adhesive mortar 0.005 0.805. Nobasil mineral wool facade insulation

boards0.080 0.044





Annual moisture balance of the structure:

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There is no condensation of water vapour taking place in the structure.

C.: Window pier composition

Dwg. No.



1. Lime plaster 0.005 0.872. Ytong brickwork 0.300 0.133. Lime-cement plaster 0.005 0.994. Baumit adhesive mortar 0.005 0.805. Nobasil mineral wool facade insulation

boards0.080 0.044





Annual moisture balance of the structure:gk = 0,009 kg/(m2.rok) < gv = 14,801 kg/(m2.rok) Acceptable

Suitable annual moisture balance of the structure.

D.: Roof composition:

Dwg. No.



1. Suspended ceiling - Termatex 0.015 0.222. Closed air layer 0.300 1.7653. Moisture stop 0.0002 0.394. Corrugated sheet 0.001 50.05. Nobasil basalt wool boards 0.200 0.0446. Fatrafol hydro-insulation 0.001 0.16


Thermal transmittance:U = 0.20 W/(m2.K) ≤ UN = 0.20 W/(m2.K) Acceptable

Annual moisture balance of the structure:gk = 0.002 kg/(m2.rok) < gv = 0.486 kg/(m2.rok) - AcceptableSuitable annual moisture balance of the structure

E.: Ceiling composition above the exterior:

Dwg. No.



1. Ceramic tiling 0.009 1.012. Bonding cement 0.003 1.163. Self-levelling screed 0.003 1.164. Cement screed 0.020 1.16

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5. Reinforced-concrete floor slab 0.150 1.586. Baumit adhesive mortar 0.005 0.807. Nobasil mineral wool facade insulation

boards0.200 0.044




Thermal transmittance:U = 0.20 W/(m2.K) ≤ UN = 0.20 W/(m2.K) Acceptable

Annual moisture balance of the structure:gk = 0.002 kg/(m2.rok) < gv = 6.462 kg/(m2.rok) - AcceptableSuitable annual moisture balance of the structure

F.: Composition of the ceiling above the second above-ground storey:

Dwg. No.



1. Lime plaster 0.005 0.872. Spiroll floor panels 0.300 0.903. Gassilicate board 0.250 0.274. Polymer-modified cement mortar 0.005 1.165. Original hydro-insulation 0.010 0.216. Nobasil basalt wool boards 0.180 0.044



Annual moisture balance of the structure:There is no condensation of water vapour taking place in the structure.

G.: Ground floor composition

Dwg. No.



1. Ceramic tiling 0.009 1.012. Adhesive mortar 0.003 1.163. Cement screed 0.023 1.164. Oversite concrete 0.050 1.305. Perlite concrete 0.100 0.166. Hydro-insulation 0.0087. Concrete base 0.150

Calculation of thermal transmittance:

= 11.84 m A= 1 121.54 m2 P= 189.48 m

= 3.08 m Rsi = 0.17 m2.K/W, Rse = 0.04 m2.K/W, Rf = 1.13 m2.K/W

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If then

= 0.26 W/m2.K

Thermal transmittance: U = 0.26 W/(m2.K)

2.2. Thermal transmittance of building structures

Calculated values of thermal transmittance U W/(m2.K)

Thermal transmittance of aero-concrete cladding 0.35

Thermal transmittance of meeting room cladding 0.18

Thermal transmittance of window piers 0.23

Thermal transmittance of the roof 0.20

Thermal transmittance of the ceiling above the exterior 0.20

Thermal transmittance of the ceiling above the second above-ground storey

0.18

Thermal transmittance of the ground floor 0.26

Thermal transmittance of a double-glazed insulated window 1.50

Thermal transmittance of a double glazed insulated door 1.70

Standardized values of thermal transmittances UN :

Building structure type Maximum value

New buildings

UN W/(m2.K)

Maximum value

Restored buildings

UN W/(m2.K)

Cladding 0.32 0.46

Inclined roof 0.20 0.30

Strop above the external environment 0.20 0.30

Strop below the unheated area 0.25 0.35

Thermal transmittances were calculated according to the applicable STN EN ISO 6946 standard. The results of thermal-insulation characteristics of building structure evaluation were specified in the TEPLO program.

2.3. Calculation of the maximum temperature of the internal surface – hygienic criterion

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The lowest surface temperature of the structure:Walls, ceilings and floors of the premises with the relative air humidity must have the temperature of each point of the internal surface expressed in oC and above the dew point tem-perature and exclude the risk of mould occurrence

For and the surface temperature critical to mould occurrence

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and safety loading expressing the effect of continuous heating = 0,5 K.

The lowest internal surface temperature in the critical detail of the building structure defined by bi-dimensional thermal field:

Point of contact between the external wall and roof structure

The temperature of the internal surface in a room corner:

Acceptable The lowest internal surface temperature of the structure meets the hygienic criterion.AREA, a program of surface thermal fields was used for hygienic criterion evaluation.

2.4. Calculation of the minimum average air interchange

The intensity of the air interchanged in the room (n) can be accepted if gap permeability of contacts and gaps of panels (natural infiltration) fulfil the following condition:

n ≥ nN = 0.5 1/h

where nN is a required average intensity of air interchange in 1/h.

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The average value nN = 0.5 1/h inside all residential and non-residential buildings is a criterion of a minimum air interchange if the hygienic regulations and operating conditions do not require other-wise. For residential buildings, the requirement of nN = 0,5 1/h applies.

Coefficient of the gap permeability of an opening structure:

Type of opening structure

Gap permeability coefficient

ilv. 10 -4

m3/m.s.Pa 0,67

Gap length

l

m

Double-glazed insulated plastic window 0.9 . 10 -4 851.6

Double-glazed insulated plastic door 1.9 . 10 -4 103.5

Calculated average intensity of air interchange:

= 0.33 1/h

The calculation considers the hygienic minimum as an average value of air interchange intensity:n = 0.5 1/h

2.5. Calculation of specific heat required for heating – energy criterion

a.) Basic information – building

Climatic data:- Thermal zone: 2. - Design temperature of external air in the winter e = -13 oC - Relative humidity of external air e = 84 %- Design temperature of internal air i = 20 oC- Relative humidity of internal air i = 50 %

For the calculation of surfaces and volume of the building, external dimensions were used. The considered type of heating was of discontinuous type. An increase in the thermal transmittance caused by thermal bridges U = 0.05 W/(m2.K) was planned provided that there is a continuous thermo-insulating layer on the outer surface of the structure.

b.) Heat required for heating – current state

= 2 065,75 m2

Specific heat loss towards exterior Structure Ui (W/m2.K) Ai (m2) bxi Ui.Ai.bxi (W/K)Cladding –meeting room 0.18 77.24 1 13.90Cladding – aero-concrete 0.35 754.36 1 264.03Window pier 0.23 273.42 1 62.89Roof 0.20 182.24 1 36.45Ceiling above the second above-ground storey 0.18 947.10 0.8 136.38Ground floor 0.26 1,121.54 1 291.60Ceiling above the exterior 0.20 7.80 1 1.56Windows 1.5 241.53 1 362.30

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Entrance door 1.7 44.63 1 75.87Amount 3,649.86 1,244.97

HTM = 182.49 W/KHT = 1,427.47 W/K

Average value of air interchange intensity nN = 0.5 1/hHv = 978.05 W/K

Specific heat loss of the building H = 2,405.52 W/K

Required – modified internal temperature, with night and weekend reductions applied: 18.5 °C

Number of degree days (18.5 – 3.86). 212 = 3,104 K.day

Heat loss Ql calculation I II III IV X XI XIIt – days 31 28 31 30 31 30 31t (hours) 744 672 744 720 744 720 744e (oC) -1.8 0.4 4.6 9.9 9.8 4.3 -0.3i (oC) 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 Ql 36,330.9 29,258.8 24,876.9 14,894.9 15,570.4 24,593.9 33,646.4

Internal heat gains Qit (hod) 744 672 744 720 744 720 744 Qi 9,221.5 8,329.1 9,221.5 8,924.0 9,221.5 8,924.0 9,221.5

Calculation of effective collective area of glazed areas Orientation Fw g Fs.Fc.Ff A (m2) As (m2)

SW 0.9 0.75 0.5 7.67 2.59SE 0.9 0.75 0.5 148.33 50.06NE 0.9 0.75 0.5 2.08 0.70NW 0.9 0.75 0.5 128.08 43.23

Solar heat gainsIs – SW 22.7 33.8 50.9 62 44.8 24.9 20.9Qs 58.76 87.50 131.76 160.49 115.97 64.46 54.10Is – NE 10.2 16.1 26.8 41.6 18.3 9.6 7.4Qs 7.16 11.30 18.81 29.20 12.85 6.74 5.19Is – SE 22.7 33.8 50.9 62 44.8 24.9 20.9Qs 1,136.39 1,692.07 2,548.12 3,103.81 2,242.75 1,246.53 1,046.28Is - NW 10.2 16.1 26.8 41.6 18.3 9.6 7.4Qs 440.92 695.95 1,158.48 1,798.24 791.05 414.98 319.88Qs 1,643.23 2,486.83 3,857.18 5,091.75 3,162.62 1,732.70 1,425.46

Heat gain use factor 0.30 0.37 0.53 0.94 0.80 0.43 0.32C 124,000 124,000 124,000 124,000 124,000 124,000 124,000 29.57 29.57 29.57 29.57 29.57 29.57 29.57ao 1 1 1 1 1 1 1o 15 15 15 15 15 15 15A 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 0.98 0.97 0.92 0.77 0.83 0.95 0.98

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Needed heat for heating by months Qh

Month: I. II. III. IV. X. XI. XII.Qh (KWh) 25,678.85 18,804.27 12,794.00 4,096.38 5,335.84 14,459.49 23,240.39

Heat needed for heating on annual basis and defined by month-based calculation method:

Qh = 104,409.2 kWh/year

Specific consumption of heat required for heating:

E1 = 14.1 kWh/m3

E2 = 50.5 kWh/m2

c.) Energy criterion

When evaluating buildings in relation to heat needed for heating, the following is taken into consid-eration:

- Volume of individual storeys and volume of the building Vb,- Specific heat loss H of individual storeys,- Heat gained from solar radiation and internal heat gains,- Standardized number of degree days D=3422 K.day and difference between the internal

and external air temperature 35 K,- Average value of the air interchanged in the building n=0,5 1/h,- Specific building area Ab.

The buildings meet the energy criterion if their specific heat consumption depending on the building shape factor is

E1 E1,N or E2 E2,N

Energy performance of the building Volume of the building (m3)

= 7,409.47Specific area (m2): = 2,065.75

Average floor-to-floor height (heated storeys only) [m]: = 3.6

Structure Area m2 W/(m2K)

Factor W/K

External wall – meeting room 0.18 77.24 1 13.90External wall – aero-concrete work 0.35 754.36 1 264.03Window pier 0.23 273.42 1 62.89Roof 0.20 182.24 1 36.45Ceiling above the second above-ground storey 0.18 947.10 0.8 136.38Ground floor 0.26 1,121.54 1 291.60Ceiling above the exterior 0.20 7.8 1 1.56Windows 1.5 241.53 1 362.30Entrance door 1.7 44.63 1 75.87Amount 3,649.86 1,244.97

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Effect of thermal bridges (W/K): 182.49

Specific heat loss (W/K)

1,427.47

Average thermal transmittance (W/(m2K): 0.39

Specific heat loos caused by venting (W/K):Air interchange intensity in 1/h

0.5978.05

Specific heat loss (W/K): 2,405.52

Solar gains (kWh):South-West 260 0.675 7.67 673.04South-East 260 0.675 148.33 13,015.96North-East 130 0.675 2.08 91.26North-West 130 0.675 128.08 5,619.51

19,399.77

Internal gains (kWh): 61,972.5

(W/m2): Family house Block of flats Public building ·

Total internal gains (kWh): 81,372.27

Heat required for heating (kWh/year):

120,189.18

Specific heat used for heating (kWh/m3): 16.2

Specific heat used for heating (kWh/m2): = 58.2

Building shape factor 0.49

Standardized values New buildings kWh/m3

Restored buildings30.9 kWh/m3

111.3 kWh/m2

E1 = 16.2 kWh/m3 < E1N = 30.9 kWh/m3

E2 = 58.2 kWh/m2 < E2N = 111.3 kWh/m2

The building meets the requirement arising from the energy criterion specified in STN 73 0540-2 and related to heat needed for heating.

The specific heat requirement serves for the comparison of design scheme of the building and takes into consideration the effect of the building orientation and thermal technical quality of build-ing structures. It does not serve as evaluation of the actual energy requirement in particular condi-tions of the building orientation.

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ENERGY DEMAND FOR HEATING AND HOT WATER PREPARA-TION

Calculated Energy Rating for the Initial State

a) Identification Data on Building

The energy performance assessment refers to an administrative building built on 7, Poludnikova Street, in Kosice. In developing the Energy Performance Certifi -cate, the investor was consulted and the following documents were used.Before drawing up the Certificate, the investor stated that the actual execution of construction corresponds to the project documentation presented and it is suitable for normalized assessment.

b) Purpose of the Energy Assessment

The building for the Heating and Hot Water Preparation consumption site was as-sessed via the calculated energy assessment.

c) Description of Building

See the Introduction section of the Energy Performance Certificate.

Heated area 2 065.75 sq. m

d) Applicable Standards

- STN EN 15316-1 Heating systems in buildings. The method of calculating the energy demands of the system and the system efficiency.

- EN 15316-3-1 Heating systems in buildings. The method of calculating the energy demands of the system and the system efficiency. Part 3-1: Hot wa-ter systems, Characteristics of demands (core requirements).

- EN 15216-3-2 Heating systems in buildings. The method of calculating the energy demands of the system and the system efficiency. Part 3-2: Hot wa-ter systems, distribution.

- EN 15316-3-3 Heating systems in buildings. The method of calculating the energy demands of the system and the system efficiency. Part 3-3: Hot wa-ter systems, production.

Literature: - I. Chmúrny a kol.: Komentár a návrh výpočtu energetickej certifikácie budov.

(Comments and Design of Building Energy Certification Calculation);- The Decree No. 311/2009 Coll. establishing the calculation details of energy

performance of buildings and the contents of the Energy Performance Certifi -cate;

- Methodological guidance of the Ministry of Construction and Regional Develop-ment of the Slovak Republic – the Section of Building and Housing Policy, to

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the application of the Decree No. 311/2009 Coll. establishing calculation details of energy performance of buildings and the content of the Energy Performance Certificate.

Project documentation:- SO 313 The Kindergarten Reconstruction - Central Heating, SUDOP Kosice

a.s., Ing. Pavol Skripko, Designer in Charge, 2005.- SO 313 The Kindergarten Reconstruction - Sanitary, SUDOP Kosice a.s.,

Ing. Monika Mosiniová, Designer in Charge, 2005.

Personal inspection of the facility was carried out on 24 February 2010

e) Input Data of the Energy Assessment

The heat exchanger station, SYMPATIK PNV 260 UK, 50 TUV – AKU, is the source of heat for the building, providing the heat from the central heating. The heating water is treated electronically through the EZV 40, U = 230 V water treat-ment plant. The plant is designed with the return heating water pipe. The heating system is secured against undesired pressure increase by a pressurized expan-sion tank with the volume of 3,000 Liters and DN 40 safety valves in the heat ex-changer station.

The heating system is divided into five loops with the following parameters:

Branch A - HVAC branch - KLUB, Qt = 26,000 W; the temperature gradient of 90/70 °CCirculation of heating water in the loop is ensured by the GRUNDFOS hot-water pump of the MAGNA type, UPE 32-120 F, D32, N=345W, U=230V.The thermal power is controlled in HVAC facilities by three-way motorized selector valves. Each facility is fixed to the steel pipes. The radiators are air convectors connected via three-way selector valves (a part of the facility).

Branch B – the central heating branch MÚ, Qt = 100,000 W, the temperature gra-dient of 80/60 °CThermal performance of the heating system depending on the ambient tempera-ture is regulated by the ESBE actuator with a 3-way mixing valve of the 3MG32-18 type, DN32, U = 230 V. Circulation of the heating water in the hot water circuit is provided by the GRUNDFOS pump of the UPE type, 40-120F, DN40, N = 445W, U = 230V.The return pipe leading to the collector comprises a filter that captures particles in the pipes, and an inclined HERZ Stromax M valve that tunes up the branch.The radiators are KORADO board ones with thermostatic valves and HERZ mini heads.

Branch C – the central heating branch for police, Qt = 12,000 W, temperature gra-dient of 80/60 °CThermal performance of the heating system depending on the ambient tempera-ture is regulated by the actuator with a 3-way mixing valve of the ESBE 3MG15-1.6, DN15, U = 230V type. The heating water circulates in the circuit thanks to the

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Grundfos circulation pump, the 15-40, G1´´, N=60W, U=230V type. The radiators are the KORADO board ones with thermostatic valves and the HERZ mini heads.

The D branch - the central heating branch for KLUB, Qt = 7,200W, the thermal gradient of 80/60 °CThermal performance of the heating system depending on the ambient tempera-ture is regulated by the actuator with a 3-way mixing valve of the ESBE 3MG15-1, 2, DN 15, U = 230 V type. The heating water circulates in the circuit thanks to the Grundfos circulation pump, the 15-40, G1´´, N=60W, U=230V type. The radiators are the KORADO board ones with thermostatic valves and the HERZ mini heads.

The E branch - HVAC branch, Qt = 78,000W, the thermal gradient of 90/70 °CThe heating water circulates in the circuit thanks to the Grundfos circulation pump of the MAGNA UPE 32-120 f, D32, N=345W, U=230V type. The thermal perfor-mance in facilities is controlled by a three-way selector valves with actuators. Each facility unit will be fixed to the distribution.

f) Energy Demand for Heating - Current Status

The effectiveness of heat transferring and control system:

Heat loss of the building QN = 79 382.16 WAnnual heat demand of the building Qh = 104 409.20 kWh/year

According to EN 15316-2-1, the following input data is set:

Internal temperature control: regulation by thermostatic valves ηc = 0.93Return temperature: 90/70 °C ηL1 = 0.88Radiator position on the outside wall under the window ηL2 = 0.88, ηB = 1Factor for the uninterrupted operation finf = 0.97Radiation factor fradiant = 1.0Factor of hydraulic control fhydr = 1.0

The effectiveness of the internal temperature distribution: ηL = 0.88

The overall efficiency of the heat- transferring system: η1,em = 1/(4 - (ηL + ηc + ηB)) = 0.84

Loss of energy from the heat-transferring system:

Ql,em = ((fradiant * finf * fhydr/ η1,em)-1) * Qh Ql,em = 16,110.34 kWh

The required thermal energy for the heat transfer:

Qin,em = Qout,em – k*Wem + Ql,em Qin,em = 120,519.54 kWh

k*Wem = 0 J - heat gains, additional energy

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Specific energy demands for heat transfer:

Qin,em = 58.34 kWh/m2 x year

Assessment of heat losses in pipes according to STN EN ISO 12241 :

Thermal insulation of pipes is 20 mm thick with a thermal conductivity coeffi-cient of λ = 0.05 W/mK. The heat transfer coefficient on the surface of insulation is hse = 10 W/m2.K.

The CH pipe consists of low-pressure seamless steel tubes made of 11353.1 ma-terial with welded joints. The average diameter of the pipes is 40/2.6 / DN40 /. The internal diameter is 37.4 mm; the outer diameter is 42.6 mm. The outer diameter of the insulated pipe is 82.65 mm.

The ambient air temperature is θa = 18 °C; the mean temperature of the heat-transferring medium is θi = 80 °C. Horizontal pipes in unheated spaces are 26 me-ters long.

Heat flow density in non-insulated pipes: qneizol = π*hse*Dr*Δθ qneizol = 81.766 W/m

Heat flow density in insulated pipes: qizol = 20 W/m

Effectiveness of CH distribution system insulation: n = (1-qizol/qneizol)*100=75.54 %

The effectiveness of the heat distribution system, including regulation:

The average part of losses in distribution: βD = Qin,em/ (QN*tH) = 0.2984

Two-pipe system fNET =1.0Hydraulic controlled system fHB = 1.0The maximum heating circuit length Lmax = 262 mAdditional heat source losses ΔpG = 0 kPa – not considered in calculation Additional loss in radiators ΔpFH = 0 kPaExisting building b = 2The necessary electrical energy:

Δp = 0.13*Lmax + 2 + ΔpFH + ΔpG = 36.06 kPa

Hydraulic power is determined as:

Phydr = 0.2778* Δp*V = 34.194 W

Hydraulic energy demand:

Wd,hydr = (Phydr/1000)* βD * tH * fNET * fHB = 51.915 kWh/ year

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Total need for electricity without an operating factor: Wd,e = Wd,hydr * ed,e

ed,e = fe *( Cp1 + Cp2 * βD-1) = 167.747

Wd,e = 8,708.478 kWh/year

Intermittent operation of the pump 16 hours/day; start-up mode = 3%Intermittent operation factor: αr = 16/24 = 0.667, αb = 0.03 under STN EN 13790

Αseth = 1 - αr - αb = 0.303

The total need for electricity with an operating factor:

Wd,e = Wd,hydr * ed,e * (αr + 0.6 * Αseth + αb) = 7,651.849 kWh/year

Heat transmitted:

Horizontal pipes in the unheated spaces are 26 meters long in total. Pipes are isolated by the MIRELON 20 mm-thick insulation.

Heat transmitted by horizontal pipes QD,u = 2,645.76 kW/yearHeat transmitted by vertical pipes QD,h = 58,243.27 kW/ yearTotal transmitted heat QD = 60,889.03 kW/ yearRenewed energy QD,r = 58,243.27 kW/ year

Energy efficiency of distribution system :

ηD,h = (fh * Qoutx) / (fh * Qinx + fw * Wx)ηD,h = 0.83

Specific energy requirements for heat distribution:

Qin,D = 70.16 kWh/m 2 .year

Total Annual Energy Demands

The value of the energy demands for classification in the Energy Class is

Qin = 69.50 kWh/m 2 .year

In accordance with the Decree No. 311/2009 Coll., Annex No. 3, the building in terms of heating is classified in Administrative Buildings of the Class 57 <C ≤ 84.Summary data on energy consumed for heating - current status:

Data monitored Marking Unit Value

Annual heat demands for heating Qnh (kWh/year) 104,409.20

Annual heat losses from transfers and the distribution system Qsys,h (kWh/ year) 16,110.34

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Annual heat gains for heating from TV Qw,d,h (kWh/ year) 1 362,46Total need for electricity Wd,e (kWh/ year) 7 651,85

Annual energy demands Q (kWh/ year) 126 808,92

Energy acquired from OZE Qh,oze (kWh/ year) 0,00Heat source efficiency for heating h (%) 94,00

Total annual energy demands Qc (kWh/ year) 143 574,03

Total floor area Ac (m2) 2 065,75EP values (kWh/m2/year) 69,50

Energy Class C

Current energy efficiency class in terms of heating of the admin-istrative building: “C”

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Energy Demands for Water Heating - the Current Status

Input data:The current energy demands for water heating are calculated by considering lever-type taps according to the current state.

Hot water is prepared by the accumulation system. Hot water is provided by a plate heat exchanger that is part of the water-water exchange station. Heat ex-changer performance is 50 kW; thermal gradient is 90/70 °C.There is a stock 200 L accumulation tank used to accumulate the hot water. Power control is designed by a three-way valve, which is part of the exchange station. The hot water pipes are plastic-aluminum, insulated by Mirelon 9 mm thick insula-tion that are routed in the ceiling ducts.

The volume of water consumed is

VW = 0.4 m3/day

262 days are needed to prepare the hot water.

The requirement for energy supplied to the discharges:

The daily heat demand: QW = 89.60 kWh/ day

Annual heat demand: QW,r = QW * 262 = 23,475.20 kWh/year

Heat needed for heat losses in the distribution network:

The tW hot water system is operated for 24 hours per day.

The number of horizontal pipes ih = 1The total length of the horizontal pipes Lih = 198.4 mThe number of vertical pipes IV = 2The total length of the vertical pipes Liv = 11.2 m

Heat flow density of an insulated pipe qvertic = 8 W/m; qhoriz = 8 W/m.

The average hot water temperature in pipes = 38 °C; the average ambient temper-ature for vertical pipes = 20 °C; for horizontal pipes = 18°C.

Daily heat loss in vertical pipes: QW,d,i,v = 0.81 kWh/ day

Daily heat loss in horizontal pipes: QW,d,i,h = 31.74 kWh/ day

The total daily heat loss of the distribution system: QW,d = 32.57 kWh/ day

Total need for heat in the distribution system per a year without making deductions in gains to the building heating: QW,d,year = 8,532.34 kWh/ year

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Net energy demands for hot water system:

Pump input power: Ppump = k2 * Qh = 0.2 kW

Annual requirement for pumps: Wwd,pump = fpump * Ppump = 1,257.60 kWh/year

Energy efficiency of the distribution system:

Energy demands for the hot water system: Q = ΣQw + Qwd + Qws + Qwpp + Qwhg

Qws – the heat loss of the hot water reservoirQws = 1,173.76 kWh/year

Qwpp – The heat loss in a connection - not consideredQwhg – The heat loss in the heat source - not considered

Q = 51,248.25 kWh/year

Specific energy demands of the hot water system:

QA = 15.69 kWh/year.m 2

Pursuant to the Decree No. 311/2009 Coll., Annex 3, the building in terms of water heating is classified to Administrative Buildings of the Class 13 <D ≤ 16.Summary data on the energy consumed for water heating – the current status:


Annual heat demand for consumed water Qw (kWh/ year) 23,475.20Annual heat loss of the distribution system Qw,d (kWh/ year) 8,532.34Annual heat gains in heating Qw,d,h (kWh/ year) 853.23Net energy of the circulation pump – elec-tric Wwd,pump (kWh/ year) 1,257.60

Annual energy demands Q (kWh/ year) 36,786.42Energy acquired from OZE Qw,oze (kWh/ year) 0Efficiency of the heat source for water heating w (%) 94

Total annual energy demands Qc (kWh/ year) 32,411.90Total floor area Ac (m2) 2,065.75

EP values (kWh/m2/ year) 15.69

Energy Class D

The energy efficiency class of the administrative building in terms of water heating: “D”

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For the “Water Heating” consumption site, I suggest implementing the time regula-tion of hot water circulation; once implemented, the EP values should be as fol-lows:


Annual heat demand for consumed water Qw (kWh/ year) 22,008.00Annual heat loss of the distribution system Qw,d (kWh/ year) 3,555.14Annual heat gains in heating Qw,d,h (kWh/ year) 355.51Net energy of the circulation pump – elec-tric Wwd,pump (kWh/ year) 438.00

Annual energy demands Q (kWh/ year) 29,178.74Energy acquired from OZE Qw,oze (kWh/ year) 0Efficiency of the heat source for water heating w (%) 94

Total annual energy demands Qc (kWh/ year) 25,645.63Total floor area Ac (m2) 2,065.75

EP values (kWh/m2/ year) 12.41

Energy Class C

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1. BUILDING CLASSIFICATION TO ENERGY CLASSES

1.1. Data on Building

To mutually compare energy performances of buildings of the same types, there is specific annual energy consumption of buildings set and expressed as a ratio of the total annual energy supplied per a unit of the total floor area.

Building Administrative building

Building type Administrative building

Floor area (sq. m) 2 066

The minimum requirement Rr (kWh/m2.a) 84

Typical building Rs (kWh/m2.rok) 159

Total energy supplied EP (kWh/m2.a) 141

Energy efficiency class of the building assessed D

CO2 emissions (kWh/m2.a) 60

A. Range of Energy Classes for Heating

A B C D E F GAdmin.

buildings ≤ 28 29-56 57-84 85-112 113-140 141-168 160

B. Range of Energy Classes for Water Heating

A B C D E F GAdmin.

buildings ≤ 4 5-8 9-12 13-16 17-20 21-24 24

C. Range of Energy Classes for Lighting

A B C D E F GAdmin.

buildings ≤ 10 11-20 21-25 26-30 31-38 39-45 45

D. Range of Energy Classes of Global Variable - the Total Energy Supplied

A B C D E F GAdmin.

buildings ≤ 42 43-84 85-121 122-159 160-197 198-237 237

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Comparison of the building energy performances in the current state and after changes pro-posed

Current Status The status after changes proposed

Heat needed for heating kWh/(m2.year) 50.54 50.54

Energy demands for heating kWh/(m2. year) 69.50 69.50

Energy demands for hot water kWh/(m2. year) 15.69 12.41

Energy demands for lighting kWh/(m2. year) 55.82 14.89

Primary energy kWh/(m2. year) 267.60 148.32

Emissions of CO2 kg/m2 59.66 42.55

Total energy supplied kWh/(m2. year) 141 97

Energy savings after changes % 31.35

Energy Class D C

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ENERGY DEMAND NEEDED FOR STANDARDIZED ASSESSMENT BY ENERGY CARRIERS AND CO2 EMISSIONS - CURRENT SITUATION

3

Energy carrier / Energy use

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Heating 69.50 69.50Hot water 15.69 15.69Cooling Ventilation systemLighting 55.82 55.82

Subtotal 141.01

Production: solar thermalProduction: solarphotovoltaicProduction: cogeneration

Total 141.01 85.19 55.82

Weighted factors for primary energy

1.3 2.81

Primary energy kWh/(m2.a) 110.75 156.85 267.60

Weighted factors for CO2 emissions

0.45 0.382

CO2 emissionskg/(m2.a)

38.34 21.32 59.66

ENERGY DEMAND NEEDED FOR STANDARDIZED ASSESSMENT BY ENERGY CARRIERS AND CO2 EMISSIONS – AFTER CHANGES

4

Energy carrier / energy use

Tota

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Heating 69.50 69.50Hot water 12.41 12.41Cooling Ventilation systemLighting 14.89 14.89

Subtotal 96.80

Production: solar thermalProduction: solarphotovoltaicProduction: cogeneration

Total 96.80 81.91 14.89

Weighted factors for primary energy

1.3 2.81

Primary energy kWh/(m2.a) 106.48 41.84 148.32

Weighted factors for CO2 emissions

0.45 0.382

CO2 emissionskg/(m2.a)

36.86 5.69 42.55

2. Conclusion

The building is classified into energy classes in each category of buildings. The reference value for energy demands is a normatively determined or calculated value of energy demand per different categories of buildings and energy consumption sites in them. Reference values R for the purposes of classification of buildings into energy classes per each category of building and energy consumption site correspond to the Rr and Rs reference values. Rr is a value of the minimum threshold to be met by new buildings in the Slovak Republic; Rs is the average value of energy de-mands for each category of buildings in the existing building fund in the Slovak Republic and the energy consumption site. In substantially renovated buildings, the R r reference value means a mini-mum requirement if technically, functionally and economically feasible. R r is the upper limit of the Energy Class B; Rs is the upper limit of the Energy Class D.

Total energy supplied to the administrative building in its current state is 141 kWh/(m2.a), re-sulting in the classification of the building in the Energy Class "D".

The primary energy of 268 kWh/(m2.a) is higher than 240 kWh/(m2.a) of the total floor year a year. The building does not meet the requirement for minimum energy performance. The building meets the average energy performance value set to 159 kWh/(m2.a).

Proposed Measures to Improve the Building Energy Class:

- Circulation to be time-controlled for a period of 10 hours;- The original lighting to be replaced by lights with electronic ballasts and T5 lamps.

By implementing the proposed measures, the administrative building being assessed would achieve a higher Energy Class "C" based on the specific energy consumption of 97 kWh/(m2.a).

The proposed modifications would ensure the energy savings of 31.35% compared to the current state of the building.

The value of the primary energy of 148 kWh/(m2.a) would be less than 240 kWh/(m2.a) of the total floor area a year. The building should meet the minimal energy performance requirement.

.......................................... ............................................. ................................... Ing. Erika Pavlušová, PhD. doc. Ing. Peter Horbaj, CSc. Ing. Norbert Horváth

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