energy consumptions of public sector, energy audits and ...Óbuda university power system department...
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumptions of public sector, Energy audits and the
Intelligent network Dr. Péter Kádár
Óbuda University, Power System Department, Hungary [email protected]
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Draft
• Curve analysis • Audits • Energy management • Intelligent networks and customers
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 2
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Focus on the public consumption
• Residential area • Flats • Housing estates • Hospital • Library • Local government office • School • Caretaking home for old people • Kindergarten • Industrial buildings • Office towers • Agricultural buildings
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 3
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Óbuda University Power System Department
The energy
• Electricity • Gas • Remote heating • Water • Canalisation • Telecom
Everything that „come from the utility”
(and the bill comes)
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 4
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Óbuda University Power System Department
The sources of the data for further analysis
• Yearly invoices • Monthly invoices • Daily meter reading • Automatic meter data for every 15 min • Rough estimation based on nominal power consumption
and watch • Measurement, etc.
Load curve – like the EletroCardioGram (ECG)
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 5
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Traditional load curve analysis
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 8
Daily load curve of a primary school
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 9
Daily load curve of a water well
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 10
Aggregated load curve of 7 water pump in a week
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 11
High school, building I. a March week
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 12
High school building II., a March week
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 13
Grammar school, a February week
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 14
Grammar school, January weeks
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 15
National feast
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 16
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
kWh
Old people's home I.
Old people's home II.
Homeless hotel
Caretaking center for homeless people I.
Caretaking center for homeless people II.
Temporary family hotel
Monthly electricity consumption of social institution (11 months)
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Seasonal gas consumption in social institution (12 months)
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 17
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
m3 Homeless hotel
Temporary family hotel
Old people's home I.
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 18
Monthly electricity consumption data of a water utility
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
MW
h
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 19
Daily gas consumption in a year
020000400006000080000
100000120000140000160000180000200000
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49
Hetek
Fo
gya
sztá
s
HKSzCsPSzoV
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption audits
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 21
The basic rules of the energy management
• How can you spare energy? • How can you use with greater efficiency? • How can you buy cheaper energy?
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 22
Questions to answer
• Ratio of the energy consumption • Assessment of the present energy purchase • Assessment of the energy management
person/system • Is there any anomalies? – benchmarking • Capability of the loadforecasting • General status of the technical devices • Thermal isolation (heating and cooling) • Recommendation for the control of the
heating/cooling. Shadowing – passive houses • Alternative, direct energy usage (lighting, heating)
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 23
Methodes of energy audit
• Walk and look • Talk and hear • Assessment of the building heating/cooling system • Analysis of elecricity and gas consumption • Investigation of the alternative sources • Thermovision • Project plan, etc.
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 24
The way of the electricity
10/0.4 kV transformer
Meters
Current transformers
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 25
Devices from different ages
10/0.4 kV transformer 0.4 kVmain supply Meter box
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 27
Electrical devices
10/0.4 kV transformer 0.4 kV distribution box
Aggregator
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 28
Metering in Hungary
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Metering in Greece
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 29
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Metering in Greece
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 30
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 31
Reactive power compensation and distr. boxes
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 32
UPS and batteries
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 33
Problems of public energy management
• Costs occurre later (bill arrives months later than the real consumption)
• Fixed prices, the consumption can not be changed
• The public customer is a „ financially secure customer”
• The technical and financial management is distributed
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 34
Present deals
Co-generation – tri-generation Natural gas -> electricity + heat + cooling
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 35
Gas engines
• 400 pcs in Hungary • 600 MW biult in capacity • State support • Co-generation
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 36
Electrical energy management: active power and the tariffs
050000100000150000200000250000300000350000400000
2004
. okt
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04. s
zept
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04. a
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2004
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04. j
ún.
2004
. máj
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04. á
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kWh Csúcson kívül
Csúcs
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 37
Electrical energy management: peak power
Maximal load <900kW
Peak must be set/controlled by the tariffs
Peak time Out-of-peak time
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 38
Electrical energy management: predefined peaks
June, July, August, September – lower consumption – higher costs
oversizing !
Peaktime deviance Out-of-peak time deviance
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 39
Over- and undersizing of the prefixed peak
1 000 000
1 100 000
1 200 000
1 300 000
1 400 000
1 500 000
1 600 000
750
770
790
810
830
850
870
890
910
Lekötött tel jesítmény (kW)
Ár
(Ft) Büntetés
Teljesítmény díj
810 kW real plan, penalty or overcosts?
900 kW fixed
765 kW fixed
Fine Power cost
Contracted power (kW)
Price
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 40
Peak management
• The tariff structure must be known • Strategy: less fixed + some penalties • Lower consumption, lower peaks! • Peak controlling, limiting
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 41
Electrical energy management: reactive power
Penalty for the capacitive reactive power!
Inductive reactive poser can be 25-30 % of the active part.
cosϕ=0,96
condenser
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Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 42
Walking – looking – listening
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 43
Ratio analysis
Beépített teljesítmény arányok
52%
8%
4%
8%
18%
10%
HőtechnikaVilágításPékségIrodákMallEgyéb
Built in power
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Óbuda University Power System Department
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Measurement analysis
Havi negyedórás átlagértékek
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
0:15
1:45
3:15
4:45
6:15
7:45
9:15
10:45
12:15
13:45
15:15
16:45
18:15
19:45
21:15
22:45
Idő
JanuárFebruárMárciusÁprilisMájusJúniusJúliusAugusztusSzeptemberOktóberNovemberDecember
Average daily loads
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Óbuda University Power System Department
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Measuring
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 46
The relation of the electrical and heating energy
• Heating – cooling system • Cooling with absorber machines • Seasonality • Building technology • Drives (air, lifts) • Cogeneration • Air conditioners • Electric heating
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Óbuda University Power System Department
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Ratio of heating and cooling in a mall
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Cooling of the conference room
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 48
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 49
Gas consumption
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
140 000
160 000
180 000
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII VIII IX. X. XI. XII.
m3
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 50
Thermovision
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 51
General recommendations for better energy management
Lowering costs: • Cheaper energy purchase • Decrease of consumption • Decrease of losses How? • Energetics audit • Investment • Change the present practice!
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 52
Energy management in the organisation
• Personal competences – Clearing the responsibilities – Clearing the motivation – Support for the work – Responsibility
• Technical conditions – Energy measurements – Central control system – Actors in the system (switches, controllers)
• Financing (short term ROI)
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 53
Recommendations:
• Building an energy management system • Building of energy manager team • Environment and sustainability consciousness
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 54
Specific recommendations - electricity
• Appropriate feeding point • Better load forecast • Better purchasing agreements • Peak control (e.g. with meters Actaris SL7000) • On-line SCADA control • Reactive compensation • Renovation of old devices, nets • Phase balancing
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 55
Specific recommendations - heat
• Measurements • Independent measurement of the heating energy
and the hot water(‘s energy) • Better isolation • Temperature control • Optimisation, etc.
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Óbuda University Power System Department
What about the renewables?
• Small scale application, only on economy basis • Wind – not really • PV? – only if you combine with architectural
solutions, e.g. shadowing • Geothermal – if the tempreature is high enogugh,
combined with heat pump • Solar collector? – yes! Even try to use it for air
conditioning
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Shadowing by PV cells at University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 57
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Measure – thermal isolation
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 58
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 59
The process of energy management
Planned schedule
Settling Continuous control
Technology
Measurements Influences / actions / control
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 60
Energy magement system
• „SCADA” • Data acqiosition, visualisation, reporting, statistics • Support for cost planning • Forecast • Portfolio management • Risk management • Control
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 61
Continuous control of the usages
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 62
Energy management functions
• limit investigation • optimisation •cost allocation •settling
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 63
Building control system
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 64
Intelligent network? Intelligent customer?
Future trends
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 65
Intelligence in the power system – customer level
hair drier, TV set, radio, telecommunication devices, modems, lighting, iron, microwave oven, coffee machine, computers, cooking plate
spontaneous loads (based on individual needs)
washing machine, tumble drier, refrigerator, cooler, air conditioners, electric bread baking machine and the heat pump
Can be delayed, controlled
Electric heating devices
Existing ripple control (HKV / RKV)
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 66
Seeking for low level DSM sources
Is there DSM potential in the households? The methodes: • Monitoring of the household consumption • Creating an aggregated schedule • Identification of ripple control part • Proposal for the better ripple control schedule • Identification of the controllable part • Proposal for new schedule
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 67
„Stopwatch measurement” - Flat 1.
•Forrás: hallgatói projekt mérés Kun Viktor vezetésével
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 68
„Stopwatch measurement” - Flat 2.
•Forrás: hallgatói projekt mérés Kun Viktor vezetésével
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 69
„Stopwatch measurement” - Flat 3.
•Forrás: hallgatói projekt mérés Kun Viktor vezetésével
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 70
„Stopwatch measurement” - Flat 4.
•Forrás: hallgatói projekt mérés Kun Viktor vezetésével
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 71
Analysis of customers’ behaviour
Some remarks: • Four flats was checked • The actual load is replaced by the nominal load • 5 min time blocks • Weekday was measured • Smoothing function was applied • The load of the 4 flats was extended on 40 flats • At the reschedule of the ripple control we calculated the
same amount of the consumption
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Óbuda University Power System Department
The need for the DSM
• Decreasing the peak / increasing the valley load
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 72
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 73
40 households, present ripple control
05000
10000150002000025000300003500040000
0:00
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4:45
6:20
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Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 74
40 households, rescheduled ripple control
05000
100001500020000250003000035000
0:00
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Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 75
40 households, reschedule potential
05000
10000150002000025000300003500040000
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 76
40 households, after the reschedule of 50 %
0
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 77
Foundings
• The greater parts of the consumers’ appliances can be involved into the DSM
• This is only qualitative measurements • The adaptive reschedule can be performed by differenf
optimisation methodes
This is the low level intelligence in the network
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Remote measurement with special recorder
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 79
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 80
Peak hours
Deep valley hours
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 81
Electric water heating
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Reschedule
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 84
05000
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0:00
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 85
Functions of the intelligent VGRID elements
Schedule center
•Monitoring of generation capabilities
•Monitoring of load demand
•Global load forecast
•Generation optimisation
•Scheduling
•Load control
•Logging, evaluation
•Connection with the system operator
Intelligent generatorn
•Monitoring of possible generation capacity
•Cost calculation
•Generation control
•Connection with the schedule centre
Intelligent loadi
•Load forecast
•Local load control
•Connection with the schedule centre
•Cost dependency
Intelligent storagex
•Storage/generation capability
•Local store control
•Connection with the schedule centre
•Cost calculation
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 86
Radial IP connections of the VGRID elements
Schedule center Intelligent loadg
Intelligent generatoro
Intelligent storagey
Intelligent loadi
Intelligent loadj
Intelligent loadh
Intelligent loadk
Intelligent loadj
Intelligent generatorq
Intelligent generatorp
Intelligent generatorm
Intelligent storagex
Measurement and control unit
High level control (TSO)
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 87
Local power surveillance
generators loads
households
Utility trader
Energy controller
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 88
Communication possibilities
• Inside the flat – LAN (ethernet) – WiFi – Bluetooth – EIB (instabus) – ZIGbee – Other field buses (profibus, mobus), stb.
• Between the household and the utility – SMS – GPRS – Internet – PLC (Power Line Carrier), etc.
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 89
Conclusion
The basic rules of the Energy management: • How can you spare energy? • How can you use with greater efficiency? • How can you buy cheaper energy?
The customer behaviour can be adjusted (DR, DSM) • The local intelligence can find a lot of DSM resources • The new IT systems makes it possible • The network contains intelligent solution on different
levels • The technical solution is possible
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Óbuda University Power System Department
Energy consumption, audits and the intelligent network - Patra, 2013 90
Thanks for the attention!