energy. future. zae. - h-disnet
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H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 1 © Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research e. V. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, and dissemination as well as in the case of industrial property rights.
ENERGY. FUTURE. ZAE. Unlocking the potential of thermo-chemical technologies
Dieter Preßl
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 2
Outline
1. ZAE Bayern | Short introduction
2. Liquid sorption systems | Potential & Challenges
3. R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern | Examples
4. Project MAKSORE | Absorption thermal energy storage with aqueous salt solutions
5. Summary & Outlook
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 3
Outline
1. ZAE Bayern | Short introduction
2. Liquid sorption systems | Potential & Challenges
3. R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern | Examples
4. Project MAKSORE | Absorption thermal energy storage with aqueous salt solutions
5. Summary & Outlook
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 4
Since 1991, ZAE Bayern has been engaged in
Research Commercialisation Training and education Consulting and information
in all fields important for energy research and related topics. Aim: Realisation of an CO2-neutral energy supply by synergetic use of Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency Technologies
ZAE Bayern – Mission and Vision
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 5
ZAE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TRL (Technology Readiness Level)
Res
sour
ces Academic research
Private economy
Basic research
Applied research
Technology development
Prototypes & products
From basic research to full-size demonstrators
ZAE fills the gap between basic research and commercialisation of new ideas
ZAE Bayern – Applied Energy Research for the Energy Economy
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 6
ZAE Bayern – Scientific Divisions
RENEWABLE ENERGIES (RE) Locations Erlangen|Nürnberg|Hof Scient. director: Prof. Brabec Head of division: Dr. Hauch
Scientific divisions ENERGY STORAGE (ES) Location Garching Scient. director: Prof. Spliethoff Head of division : Dr. Hauer
ENERGY EFFICIENCY (EF) Location Würzburg Scient. director: Prof. Dyakonov Head of division : Dr. Ebert
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 7
Flexibility for Electricity and Heat
Division ES Energy Storage
~85 employees ~5.5 m € R&D-budget/year ~3,500 m² research facilities
System Engineering Energy concepts Studies & scenarios
Solar Thermal & Geothermal Solar district heat Geothermal
Thermal Energy Storage Heat and cold storage materials
Electric Energy Storage Redox-Flow-Batteries Electrolysis
Heat Conversion Heat pumps Chillers
Lehrstuhl für Technische Elektrochemie
HCV
SYS
SGT
TES
EES
ZAE Bayern – Division Energy Storage (ES)
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 8
Outline
1. ZAE Bayern | Short introduction
2. Liquid sorption systems | Potential & Challenges
3. R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern | Examples
4. Project MAKSORE | Absorption thermal energy storage with aqueous salt solutions
5. Summary & Outlook
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 9
Liquid sorption systems – Potential
Heating
Cooling
Drying
Energy storage
Integration of renewable
energies in the energy system
Increase of overall energy
efficiency
Use of low temperature heat
Heat driven
Wide application field Benefits
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 10
New applications
proposed, e.g. thermochemic
al district network or
energy storage
Large quantities of
sorption material are
needed in this systems
Sorbent material costs are crucial for
these systems‘ economic efficiency
Standard sorbents are economically unviable in
this applications
Re-evalution of known materials (Costs vs.
performance)
Research on new materials (e.g. ternary
salt solutions)
Research on materials as liquid sorbents in new applications
Liquid sorption systems – Challenge „sorbent“
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 11
Ternary salt solutions as liquid sorbents
Potential advantages over binary salt solutions
• Lower material costs • Lower vapour pressure • Higher solubility
• Performance losses expected
Cost saving vs. performance losses Economic optimization for new applications needed
Liquid sorption systems – Challenges
But
Example for ternary salt solution: Klimat 3930
• CaCl2 + Ca(NO3)2∙4H2O + H2O • Tested in open sorption system at ZAE Bayern
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 12
Ternary salt solutions as liquid sorbents
Estimation of performance in sorption systems
• Material data needed • Experimental measurement causes high costs i.a. because of
additional parameter (mass ratio) Prediction of relevant data via modelling
• Originally used for phase change materials at ZAE Bayern • Calculation of essential material data for multicomponent salt solutions • E.g. liquidus surfaces and vapour pressures
Liquid sorption systems – Challenges
Modified BET-model
Mg(NO3)2 LiNO3
H2O
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 13
Slurries to increase maximum concentration of solution in thermochemical district networks
• Slurry = temporary solid phase + permanent liquid phase Higher maximum concentration
• Slurry production and transport in pipes analyzed in ZAE-Project PC_Cools_S − Material: K2HPO4∙6H2O / 30 % solid phase − Application: Cooling of buildings
Liquid sorption systems – Challenges
Concentration difference ( energy density)
Minimum concentration set by user
Maximum concentration
limited by crystallization
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 14
Outline
1. ZAE Bayern | Short introduction
2. Liquid sorption systems | Potential & Challenges
3. R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern | Examples
4. Project MAKSORE | Absorption thermal energy storage with aqueous salt solutions
5. Summary & Outlook
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 15
Demonstrator Würzburg
• Open sorption system
• Integrated energy storage
• Building air-conditioning with dry and
cool air
• Powered by waste heat, solar heat
or district heat
R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern – Examples
Wärmequellen:Regenerator
Absorber
SolespeicherLiCl-H2O
Kühler& WRG
indirekterVerdunstungskühler
Energiespeicherbis 250 kWh/m3
70 .. 80°C
Ventilations-kühllast
22°C
Frostschutz Heizung
35°C
Fernwärme BHKW Wärme Solare Wärme
Kühler& WRG © ZAE Bayern
32% 42%
Bypass
AU
FO AB
ZU
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 16
Demonstrator Würzburg
R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern – Examples
• Maximum airflow capacity: 6000 m3/h
• Maximum cooling capacity: 40 kW
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 17
Demonstrator Arnstorf
• Closed sorption system
• All-season building air-conditioning
• Single effect: Solar heat driven
• Double effect: Solar heat in
combination with natural gas
R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern – Examples
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 18
Demonstrator Arnstorf
• Maximum heating capacity: 160 kW
• Maximum cooling capacity: 90 kW
R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern – Examples
Innovative flexible absorption chiller
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 19
Outline
1. ZAE Bayern | Short introduction
2. Liquid sorption systems | Potential & Challenges
3. R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern | Examples
4. Project MAKSORE | Absorption thermal energy storage with aqueous salt solutions
5. Summary & Outlook
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 20
MAKSORE = Materials and components for sorption heat storage with high energy density
• Aim: 3 different storage concepts (2 x adsorption + 1 x absorption) Increase energy density (compactness!) of storage systems Facilitate integration in existing building stock
• Duration: 09/2014 – 03/2018
• Partners:
Project MAKSORE
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 21
Project MAKSORE
Materials
• LiBr/H2O: Consistent formulation of thermo-dynamic material data
• Alternative salt solutions as sorption/storage materials
System Modelling
• Theoretical energy densities for absorption heat/cold storage
• Absorption and desorption process
Components
• Experimental plant of an absorption thermal energy storage
• Investigation of absorption thermal energy storage
TNutz / °C TAntrieb / °C
mPC
M/m
Lsg,
star
k / k
g/kg
Research topics
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 22
Project MAKSORE
Absorption cold storage – Motivation
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Volu
met
ric e
nerg
y de
nsity
of m
ater
ial /
kW
h/m
3
Sensible Latent Absorption Water Water/Ice LiBr/H2O 6°C/12 °C 6°C/35°C/35°C/92°C
Crystallisation of solution
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 23
Absorption cold storage – Schematic process
Technical system
• Modified process of an absorption chiller • Integration of an storage tank • Crystallisation to further increase energy density
Storage of • Industrial waste heat • Waste heat of block-type thermal power stations • Solar heat ( Seasonal storage)
Project MAKSORE
Potential application fields
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 24
LiBr/H2O: Measurement of material data for cLiBr ≥ 70 %
Alternative salt solutions (ternary systems!)
Materials Geometry suited for energy storage application
Experimental testing in MAKSORE plant
Absorber/Desorber
design Experimental investigation on lab scale
Experimental testing in MAKSORE plant
Crystalli-zation Compact
absorption cold storage system (5 kW, 40 kWh)
With crystallisation of aqueous salt solution
Labor-atory plant
Planned follow-up project: Absorption cold storage for industrial application
Project MAKSORE
Status Quo: Project outlined
Next step: Recruiting of industrial partners (provider or user)
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 25
Outline
1. ZAE Bayern | Short introduction
2. Liquid sorption systems | Potential & Challenges
3. R&D on liquid sorption systems at ZAE Bayern | Examples
4. Project MAKSORE | Absorption thermal energy storage with aqueous salt solutions
5. Summary & Outlook
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 26
• Liquid sorption technology has high potential for application in future energy system − Integration of renewable energies (e.g. solar heat) − Increase in energy efficiency (e.g. use of waste heat)
• Absorption process is highly suitable for energy storage
− High energy densities / compactness − Cost efficient energy storage
• Focus of future research should be on
− Sorption materials (i.a. multicomponent salt solutions) − Compact and cost efficient systems
Therefore: R&D activities on liquid sorption systems have to be intensified
Summary & Outlook
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 27 © Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research e. V. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, and dissemination as well as in the case of industrial property rights.
Thank you for your attention!
Dieter Preßl ZAE Bayern Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research e. V. Division: Energy Storage Walther-Meissner-Str. 6 D-85748 Garching Tel.: +49 89 329442-67 Fax: +49 89 329442-12 [email protected] http://www.zae-bayern.de
Grant number 03SF0441D
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 28
Experimental plant
Project MAKSORE
Value
Volume of salt solution 0,45 m3 (cLiBr = 55 %)
Cooling capacity 5 kW*
Energy stored 80 kWh*
* Depending on operating temperatures
Experimental plant of an absorption cold storage (before installation of heat insulation)
H-DisNet Workshop / Berlin / November 16, 2018 © ZAE Bayern 29
Challenges
Liquid sorption materials
• Costs • Thermodynamic properties
− Low vapour pressure − High Solubility − Viscosity
• Toxicity (i.a. water endangering class) • Corrosivity
Liquid sorption systems
Components & Systems
• Costs (!) • Durability • Reliability • Compactness