ENERGYMarta Meireles da Silva Gil y

Mar Roquette Domnguez 2B

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INDEX

- Energy definition

- Types of energy

- Energy sources

- Renewable energy sources

- Non-renewable energy sources

- Types of power stations

- Wind turbines created water from thin air.

ENERGY DEFINITION Energy is the capacity of an object of doing a work

It is measured in joules or calories

TYPE OF ENERGY

MECHANICAL ENERGY

KINETIC ENERGYIt is the energy that objects have when they're in motion

POTENTIAL ENERGYIt is the energy that objects have when they're moved from their stable positions of equilibrium.

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

The energy associated with an electrical current. It makes electrically powered machines work when they're connected to a supply of electricity.

ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY

Transported by electromagnetic waves, such as radio, television or X-ray waves. Luminous energy is a type of electromagnetic energy generated by sun or artificial lights.

SOUND ENERGY

Associated with waves that are transmited through vibrations

CHEMICAL ENERGY

Stored in substances. It can be released or absorbed during chemical processes

NUCLEAR ENERGY

Contained in nuclei of atoms. It is released during nuclear reactions.

THERMAL CALORIFIC ENERGY

Comes from the vibration of particles in matter. Temperature measures the thermal energy of an object.

ENERGY SOURCES

Energy sources are natural resources that provide different forms of energy. This is transformed for specific uses.

Renewable energy comes from unlimited natural resources.

RENEWABLEENERGYSOURCESENERGY

Renewable energy comes from unlimited natural resources.

RENEWABLEENERGYSOURCESENERGY

HYDRAULIC ENERGY

Production: 1. When the water is released from the dam and falls, its potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy.2. The kinetic energy moves mechanical elements called turbines which rotate an alternator.3. The alternator transforms kinetic energy into electricity.

Transformation:-In hydroelectric power stations near rivers with a lot of water.-In hydroelectric power stations near rivers in valleys with high slopes to contain the water.

HYDRAULIC ENERGY

Advantages:-It's cheap-It's clean-It's non-polluting

Disadvantages:-Building power stations is very expensive-Reservoirs can cover a lot of productive land and even destroy villages.-Reservoirs can spoil the landscape and affect the animal and plant life in the area.-If a dam breaks, there's a risk of a catastrophe.

SOLAR ENERGY

Production and transformation:-To produce hot water by using flat solar thermal collector.-To generate electrical energy using solar panels.-To produce electrical energy in heliostat fields.

Advantages:-It's clean.-Big power station are not needed.-It's unlimited.

Disadvantages:-It's a variable source of energy-Solar panels are still quite expensive for general use.

WIND ENERGY

Production and transformation: Wind energy is produced by the effect of radiation on the atmosphere. When wind energy causes the blades of wind turbine to move, the wind's kinetic energy is converted into electricity.

Advantages:-It's unlimited and non-polluting.-The cost of building and maintaining a wind farm is low.

Disadvantages:-It's a variable source of energy.-Wind turbines are a hazard for bird.-Wind turbines produce noise pollution.

MARINE ENERGY

Types:-Tidal energy: can be extracted from the tides.-Waves energy: is obtained from the movement of sea waves.-Ocean thermal: is produced from the difference in temperature between the surface of the sea and the deep sea.

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Definition: Comes from the surface of the sea and the earth's crust. -In temperatures below 150C, it produces heat.-In temperatures above 150C, it produces electricity.

Definition: It is produced from plant remains, forest and agricultural waste. It is used to produce electricity and for transformation into fuels.

BIOMASS

ENERGYSOURCESNON-RENEWABLE

Non-renewable energy sources come from natural resources that are limited.

They will eventually run out if we continue to use them

Regeneration rate is very slowbecause they need millions of years to form.

NUCLEAR ENERGY

Definition: Nuclear energy is stored in the nuclei of atoms and this released in the nuclear reaction.

Types: -Nuclear fusion: when two light nucleus joined to form a heavier one.-Nuclear fission: when a heavy nucleus is split into two lighter nuclei

COAL

Definition:It was formed from the remains of fossilised plants.

Extraction:-Open-cast mines: when the coal is close to the surface, soil is removed to expose it.-Underground: when the coal is burieddeep on the ground, mines have to bemake to mined the coal.

Transport:-By sea: in enormous ships-By land: usually by train-By road: only for local transport

COAL

Uses for energy-Nowadays: to generate electricity-In the past: For street lighting As a domestic fuel

Other uses-Coke: uses in the steal industry-Pitch and tar: used in making roads, lubricating oils, plastics.

PETROLEUM

Definition: It is formed from the buried remains of plants and animals that have been descomposed because of bacterial action.

Extraction:1. A well is drilled on land or under the sea. The platform built in the sea is called an oil rig.2. The petroleum is extracted using pumps or sometimes the natural pressure makes it rise.3. The extracted petroleum contains salt water, rock, mud and gas, so it's then purified.

PETROLEUM

Storage: it's stored in containers

Transport:-Oil tankers: they are specialised ships designed for intercontinental transports.-Oil pipers: they are enormous steel pipers.

Transformation/Uses:-Liquid fuels gases/Fuel.-Liquid fuels/Heat engines and aeroplanes.-Fuel oil/In thermal power stations to produce electricity or heating-Light components/Lubricant, for making creams-Heavy components/To make things waterproof or for asphalt

NATURAL GAS

Definition: It is a mixture of gases made from decomposed plants and animals.

Extraction: It is expensive to extract. It's extracted by drilling.

Uses: Gas for fuel is used in industry and homes to produce thermal energy and in thermal power stationsto obtain electrical energy.

NATURAL GAS

Storage and transport:1. Natural gas is transported from gas fields by gas pipelines to a liquefaction plant.2. The gas is transform into liquid to reduce its volume.3. It's transported in LNG carriers which are specially designed ships.4. When it reach its destination, it's returned to gaseous state, and it's transported again by pipelines.

Type of power station

HYDRAULIC POWER STATION

In a hydraulic power station it is used the water power to generates electricity.

In general, these plants take advantage of the gravitational potential energy that have the water of a natural bed of a river because of a irregularity on the land.

The water in his fall is passed to a turbine which transmits the power to a generator where it is transformed into electrical energy.

NUCLEAR POWER STATION

Operation: Nuclear power plants operate by producing nuclear reactions creating the heat necessary to produce electrcity. This heat-generating process from the nucleus of an atom is known as fission.

Components: A nuclear power plant consists of several vital components necessary to fully execute its operations, including the control rods, shielding and reactor core.-Nuclear reactor: A nuclear reactor operates within a nuclear power plant to mine uranium and create nuclear fuel.

THERMAL POWER STATION

A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated. The greatest variation in the designof thermal power stations is due to the different fuel sources. Some prefer to use the term energy centre because such facilities convert forms of heat energy into electricity. Some thermal power plants also deliver heat energy for industrial purposes, for district heating, or for desalination of water as well as delivering electrical power.

EOLIC POWER STATION

A wind farm is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electric power. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines, and cover an extended area of hundreds of square miles, but the land between the turbines may be used for agricultural or other purposes. A wind farm may also be located offshore.

SOLAR POWER STATION

Solar power stations are form by solar cells.

The solar cell is the basic building block of solar photovoltaic. The cell can be considered as a two terminal device which conducts like a diode in the dark and generates a photovoltage when charged by the sun. Usually it is a thin slice of semiconductor material of around 100 cm2 in area. The surface is treated to react as little visible light as possible and appears dark blue or black. A pattern of metal contacts is imprinted on the surface to make electrical contact.

SOLAR POWER STATION

When charged by the sun, this basic unit generates a dc photovoltage of 0.5 to 1 volt and, in short circuit, a photo-current of some tens of milliamps per cm2. Although the current is reasonable, the voltage is too small for most applications. To produce useful dc voltages, the cells are connected together in series and encapsulated into modules.

Wind turbines created water from thin air

I thing that it will be a good idea to made this wind turbines, because nowadays there are lot of people who does not have water and water is necessary for live. But I also thing that these people in the world that doesn't have water are also the poorest people so they need help in order to put one of these wind turbines in their villages.

Wind turbines created water from thin airSo as a conclusion I will wanted to say that before doing this wind turbines people must know them and help with some money to the villages that need these wind turbines.

THE ENDBy:

Marta Meireles da Silva Gil

Mar Roquette Domnguez

2B