English 83RWeek 7, Day 2October 10, 2013

English 83R Mrs. E. Buchanan

What kind of pattern – Kennedy & Lincoln?

a. Compare and Contrast

b. Cause and Effect

c. Classification/Division

Please place your homework on the counter after you have clicked in: Author’s Purpose and Tone Assignment, Literature Circle packet opened up to your “role” for this week.

Pick up Vocabulary #6 and Patterns Assignment.

Agenda

• Vocabulary #6 – Same Activity we did on Tuesday.• Count off to 10• Put word/definition and sentence on the board

• Literature Circles• More Transitions and Patterns of Organization #4-7

Literature Circles

• Please get into your literature circles.

Review First 3 Patterns

• What does a Compare and Contrast Pattern do?• Classification?• Cause and Effect?• Review the homework

Transitions

• Authors use two common methods to show connections, or relationships, between ideas.

• These two methods are transitions and patterns of organization.

Transitions

• We all use transition words all the time – everyday - when you have a conversation with someone. You might be talking at the dinner table with your family. You start out talking about your day at school, perhaps your midterm grades and other school related topics. The next thing you realize is that you are now talking about your upcoming spring break vacation. How did you jump topics during your conversation? By using transition words to get there.

Transitions

• The conversation might go like this:

• Mom: How was your day at school, Johnny?

• Johnny: First of all, I went to my English 83R class, took my vocab quiz, and got an A. After class, I went to the library to start working on my midterm essay. Next, I went to lunch with Joey, and finally I went to the travel agency to pick up tickets for our trip to Cancun.

Transitions

• During reading, it is important to pay special attention to transition words.

• These special words show the relationships between ideas within sentences and within paragraphs

Transitions

• Look at the sentences below. Which one is easier to read and understand?

• Naomi was happy to find out that she is having a baby boy. She needs to paint the nursery because the walls are pink. She will have new carpet installed. She will buy a new crib.

• Naomi was happy to find out that she is having a baby boy. First of all , she needs to paint the nursery. Next she will have new carpet installed. Finally, she will buy a new crib.

Transitions

• Sentence number one did not make sense • The addition of the transition words First, next, finally in

the second paragraph makes the situation clear.• Although Naomi is happy to be having a boy, she now

needs to paint, install new carpet, and buy a crib.

Transitions

• Transitions are words or phrases (like first of all) that show relationships between ideas. They are like signs on the road that guide travelers.

• Writers often signal a change in topic with a transition word or phrase that serves as a link or bridge from one thought to the next one.

• Now let’s discuss patterns or organization – through this you will see how transition words are used.

MORE PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION

Patterns of Organization

• Writers organize their supporting sentences and ideas in ways called Patterns of Organization.

• Just as transitions show relationships between ideas in sentences, patterns of organization show the relationships between supporting details in paragraphs, essays, and chapters.

• Patterns of organization are structures our minds use all the time.

• All of our thinking and communicating depend on patterns of organization.

We are going to learn about four more Patterns of Organization

• Steps in a Process• Listing

• Examples/Illustration• Chronological Order

Steps in a Process

• In the steps in a process pattern, something is explained or described in a step-by-step manner.

• The sequences are clearly identified by specific transition words.

After Afterward At this point

At this stage Finally First, second, third

Next Now Then

Process Now Step

Group Practice

• Group 1: Baking a cake• Group 2: Asking your parents for a loan to buy a car• Group 3: Deciding what classes to take in Spring• Group 4: Breaking up with your boyfriend/girlfriend• Group 5: Planning a trip to Hawaii• Group 6: Planning a baby shower for your best friend

Examples

• A paragraph of examples usually gives a general statement of the main idea and then presents one or more concrete examples to provide support for this idea.

• Many writers place the most important or convincing example either first, as an attention-getter, or last, as a dramatic climax.

• While the terms example and illustration are used interchangeably, an illustration is usually longer, and there may only be one in the paragraph.

Example & Illustration

Illustration words signal that an author is providing one or more examples to develop and clarify an idea.

In the cartoon below, the husband gives examples of what, to him, are deep emotions.

Illustration Words:(for) example, including, one, once,(for) instance, specifically, such as,to illustrate, To be specific, (as an illustration)

Examples

• “Money” (by Richard Armour)• Workers earn it• Bankers lend it• Women spend it• Forgers fake it• Taxes take it• Dying leave it• Heirs receive it

Listing

When an author simply lists information without regard to order, the pattern of organization is referred to as simple

listing or enumeration.

Sometimes authors use numbers (1,2,3), letters (a, b, c) or asterisks (*)

to show the individual items on the list.

List of Items Transition (addition) Words

One First (of all) Secondly

Thirdly To begin with For one thing

Other Another Also

In addition Next Moreover

Further Furthermore Last (of all)

List of Items Practice using Transition (addition words)

• Group 1: Reasons for attending college• Group 2: The importance of exercise• Group 3: Tips for men on how to propose marriage• Group 4: Why you should stop smoking• Group 5: The importance of participating in class• Group 6: The advantages of becoming a vegetarian

Chronological Order

• See if you can arrange the following sentences in a logical order, so that they form a short paragraph. Which sentence should come first? Second? Third? Last? Use the time words as a guide.

• A. Next, the two people declare themselves a couple, telling friends and relatives about the new person in their lives.

• B. The two people then make a commitment to have an exclusive relationship with each other.

• C. A relationship begins when two people show interest in each other and choose to spend time together.

• D. Last, the two people formalize the relationship by cohabitation or marriage.

Chronological Order

• A relationship begins when two people show interest in each other and choose to spend time together. The two people then make a commitment to have an exclusive relationship with each other. Next, the two people declare themselves a couple, telling friends and relatives about the new person in their lives. Last, the two people formalize the relationship by cohabitation or marriage.

• Authors usually present events in the order in which they happen, resulting in the time order pattern of organization.

• The time transitions then, Next, and Last introduce the points being listed and indicate their order.

• Two kinds of time order are a series of events or stages and steps in a process.

• As a student, you’ll see time order used frequently. For example, textbooks in all fields describe events and processes, such as … • the events leading to the Boston Tea Party• the important incidents in Abraham Lincoln’s life• the steps involved for a bill to travel through Congress• the process involved in writing a paper• the stages in the development of a cell

Time Order

Main idea: Children master language in predictable stages.

1. At about six months, babies begin to repeat sounds2. Three or four months later, babies can repeat sounds

and carry on little “conversations.”3. Toddlers understand many words but cannot talk.4. Finally, the child talks in single words and two-word

sentences.

For Next Week

• Quiz on Author’s Purpose & Patterns of Organization &• Vocab. 5-6 will the be last quizzes for this portion of the

class.• They will both be held on Thursday, 10/17/13• Last Literature Circle: Tuesday – I will be reviewing all

the packets.• Homework For Tuesday: Patterns Activity using “Science

of Shopping”