eng.hcterminology unit 7

8/13/2019 Eng.hcterminology Unit 7

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Unit 7Endocrine System1. Match the numbers with the anatomical names.

The endocrine system consists of a widely distributed group of glands thatsecretes regulatory substances called hormones. Because thesesubstances are released directly into the blood, the endocrine glands arenown as the ductless glands. !espite the fact that hormones in the bloodreach all parts of the body, only certain tissues respond. The tissue that isinfluenced by a specific hormone is called the target tissue. The cellsthat mae up this tissue ha"e specific receptors on their membranes towhich the hormone attaches, enabling it to act on the cells.#ormones#ormones are produced in e$tremely small amounts and are highlypotent. By means of their actions on "arious target tissues, they affectgrowth, metabolism, reproducti"e acti"ity, and beha"ior. %hemically,hormones fall into two categories& steroid hormones, made from lipids,and hormones made of amino acids, which include proteins and proteinliecompounds. Steroids are produced by the se$ glands 'gonads( and theouter region 'corte$( of the adrenal glands. )ll of the remaining endocrineglands produce amino acid hormones. The production of hormones iscontrolled mainly by negati"e feedbac. That is, the hormone itself, orsome product of hormone acti"ity, acts as a control o"er furthermanufacture of the hormone*a self+regulating system. #ormoneproduction also may be controlled by ner"ous stimulation or by other

hormones.

. Match the numbers of the glands from tas 1 to the ind of hormonesthey produce.


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steroid hormones -----------------h.s made of amino acids -----------------


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3. Fill in the names of the basic hormones in the table below.

# 'somatotropin()%T# 'adenocorticotropic()!# 'antidiuretic( /"asopressin )0aldosteronecalcitonin

cortisol 'hydrocortisone(epinephrine 'adrenaline( / norepinephrine

'noradrenaline(estrogens2S# 'follicle+stimulating h(glucagoninsulin3# 'luteni4ing h(5 /

6%S# 'interstitial cell+stimulating(o$ytocin 8T

parathyroid h93 'prolactin(progesteronese$ hormonestestosteronethymosin

thyro$ine :T; and Tectionof mil

thyroid increases metabolic rate and production ofbody heat5 re?uired for normal growthdecreases calcium le"el in blood

parathyroid

calcium metabolism 'increases %a le"el(

adrenalcorte$

metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins,and fats5 acti"e during stressconser"e sodium and water whileeliminating potassium 'regulateselectrolytes and water balance(

secondary se$ual characteristics

adrenalmedulla

response to stress5 increases respiration,B, heart rate

pancreatic islets

transport of glucose into cells5 decreasesblood sugar le"elsstimulates li"er to release glucose5increases blood sugar le"els

testes growth and de"elopment of se$ual organs,maturation of sperm cells

o"aries growth and de"elopment of se$ual organs

prepares uterine lining for implantation offertili4ed o"um, maintaining pregnancy

thymus de"elopment of T cells needed forimmunity


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!isorders associated with endocrine dysfunctions;. a. @ou are going to describe some of the disorders 'with the help of adescription( to the rest of the group. They will ha"e to find the name of thedisorder from the list below.

b. Ahat is the #ungarian e?ui"alent of each disorder

C. 2ind the e?ui"alent English terms for the diagnostic tests of diabetes.#ow is diabetes diagnosed

@our doctor may do different types of blood tests to see if you ha"e diabetes.

@ou may ha"e one or more of the following tests. random "DrcuormDrDs

Dhgyomri "DrcuormDrDs

terhelDses "Drcuor "i4sglat

F. )nswer the ?uestions about the terms of this case study.!iabetes Treatment Aith an 6nsulin umpM.. a


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a. only present in the abdomen, thighs, andupper armsb. a topical applicationc. below the sind. in a large arterye. abo"e the pubic boneC. )n islet transplantation refers to&

a. transfer of parathyroid cells to the li"erb. e$cision of bo"ine pancreatic cellsc. surgical insertion of an insulin pump intothe abdomend. a total pancreas and idney transplantatione. transfer of insulin+secreting cells into apancreas

Blood and 3ymphatic System

1. @ou are going to watch a short presentation about blood.a. Before you watch, thin o"er what you now about the function of bloodcells. !iscuss the tass.

+ Match the synonyms.leuocytes plateletsthrombocytes white blood

cellserythrocytes red blood

cells+ roup the white blood cells in thepicture.

granulocytes---------------agranulocytes

--------------.+ Ahat is common in&albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen----------------------b. Jow watch the "ideo, and tae notes.

. Ahat do you thin these diseases are !iscuss it in pairs.--------- is a neoplasm of white blood cells. The rapidly di"iding butincompetent white cells accumulate in the tissues and crowd out the otherblood cells. The symptoms include anemia, fatigue, easy bleeding,splenomegaly, and sometimes hepatomegaly 'enlargement of the li"er(. The

causes are unnown but may include e$posure to radiation or harmfulchemicals, hereditary factors, and perhaps "irus infection. Treatment includeschemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation.


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---------is a hereditary deficiency of a specific clotting factor. 6t is ase$+lined disease that is passed from mother to son. There is bleeding intothe tissues, especially into the >oints 'hemarthrosis(. 6t must be treated withtransfusions of the necessary clotting factor.

---------is defined as a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in theblood. 6t may result from too few red blood cells, cells that are too small, or

too little hemoglobin in the cells. Ley tests in diagnosing the disease are bloodcounts, mean corpuscular "olume 'M%0(, and mean corpuscular hemoglobinconcentration 'M%#%(. The general symptoms include fatigue, shortness ofbreath, heart palpitations, pallor, and irritability.


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s4ltte N ellenteste a4 anytl csa pr hnapon t immuni4l+ amior a nem beoltott gyerme tallo4i egy betegsDggel, nnyenelaphat>a N rDgebben, amior mDg nem "olta oltso, so gyerme halt megs4amrhgDsben, anyarban, "agy >r"nyos gyermebDnulsban stb.+ a4 oltsoal lassVt>u "agy megaadlyo44u a fertW4W betegsDgeter>edDsDt, Ds "Dd> a csent immunitsban s4en"edW betegeetstb.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/immunization.htmlhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/immunization.html

eng.hcterminology unit 7

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