Engineering Thermodynamics (I)

Spring, 2016

Assoc. Prof., Dr. Yonghua HUANG

Office Hour: Fri 15:30 to 16:30 PM in ME-A435 Other time: Email for appointment; Phone: 34206295

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Modern vehicles

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Example: Renewable/green energy age

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Example: Global CO2 Production/~Fossil Fuel Consumption

Global energy demand by type (billion tonnes of oil equivalent)

Source: World Energy Outlook 2009. © OECD/IEA 2009, page 622 and pages 196-197;

Energy Challenge

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Two experiments

Volume changing? Mass? Density? Pressure? Work?

Energy?

Liquid nitrogen? Why liquid? Temperature? T-V relation

of gaseous air? Property? Cold? Warm? Heat Transfer?

Volume changing? Work? Thermal Energy<->Work?

What comes to your mind?

Startup (transient) – steady? Volume changing? Work

output? Electricity? Continuous runningcycle? Energy

conversion? Combustion?

Friction? Efficiency? Why high temperature?

Experiment #2

Experiment #1

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Other daily life problems?

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Which course study these subjects?

System

Working substance

Properties

Energy

Work

Energy Mechanical work

Efficiency

Cycle

Energy quality….

Th

erm

od

yn

am

ics

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What is thermodynamics?

Wikipedia: Thermodynamics is the science of energy

conversion involving heat and other forms of energy, most

notably mechanical work.

Our: Thermodynamics = therme(heat) + dynamis(power)

• natural extension of the “mechanical world dynamics” to applications

involving temperature effects.

• Science and engineering on most efficient conversion of energy and heat

into useful work recognizing we have finite resources (total energy) at

our disposal; Impact on environment (soil, water, air-local, state, country,

earth)and society.

This course : basic concepts + laws + fluid property +

fundamental process +cycles + applications.

Thermodynamics: Promising career growth opportunities!!!!

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Do you know these faces?

James Watt, Scottish (1/19 1736 –8/25 1819)

James Joule, English (12/24 1818 –10/11 1889)

Sadi Carnot, French (6/1 1796 –8/24 1832)

“Father of thermodynamics"

Rudolf Clausius, German (2/2 1822 –8/24 1888)

“entropy”

William Thomson, English (6/27 1824 –12/17 1907)

1st & 2nd law, Kelvin

Walther Nernst, German (6/25 1864 –11/18 1941)

3rd law

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Do you know these faces?

Joseph Keenan, American (8/24 1900 –7/17 1977)

“useful energy, steam properties “

Zoran Rant, Slovene (9/14 1904 –2/12 1972)

“exergy and anergy"

Genius’ party

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Two Basic Approaches for Thermodynamic Analysis

Only four laws of thermodynamics: 0-3rd Law

Depth of knowledge required depends on the problem

Go from simple to more complex analysis(80/20 rule)

Classical Thermodynamics

does not require detailed knowledge of molecular structure to

describe a system

Statistical Thermodynamics

considers quantum mechanical description and behavior of

molecules

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Objectives of this Course

To provide a thorough understanding of the basic

concepts of classical thermodynamics

To apply the basic concepts of classical

thermodynamics to the solution of practical

problems

To develop the skills necessary for a systematic

approach to problem solving

Cultivate a strong work ethic

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BOOKS

TEXTBOOK: • Moran, Shapiro, Boettner, Bailey, Principles of Engineering

Thermodynamics (7th Ed., SI), John Wiley, 2012

• Moran, M.J. & Shapiro, H.N., Fundamentals of Engineering

Thermodynamics (6th Ed., SI), John Wiley, 2009.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

• Gengel Y.A., Boles M. A., Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach

5th Ed. McGraw-Hill, 2005

• 《工程热力学》第4版，童钧耕，高等教育出版社，2007-06，

ISBN 978-7-04-021447-5

• 《工程热力学学习辅导与习题解答》，童钧耕，高等教育出版社，

2008-03，ISBN 978-7-04-023618-7

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Visiting our website…

http://cc.sjtu.edu.cn search the course “Thermodynamics”

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What can we get from there?

Course syllabus…

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What can we get from there?

Course policy…

Software tools:

and many documents for reading…

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What can we get from there?

Lecture slides…

Homework:

Solutions…

and videos, software, documents…

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Please read the assigned sections from the textbook before coming to class Lectures are meant for further insights and discussion I would like you all prepare your own hand written:

Lecture notes, equations, derivations ----- Solution to textbook problems SP & assigned textbook problems* Additional problems you may do on your own

*Copying homework directly from a friend or file or solution manual (or other such resource) will be considered cheating.

ASSIGNMENTS

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HOMEWORK

Must follow Problem Solution Format (in English)

2 - 4 problems every lecture, will be collected (on

Monday) and graded within a week. No late

homework accepted.

Solutions posted on the webpage: http://cc.sjtu.edu.cn ,

and also available from TA.

Ask questions at office time or by E-mail Discussion on what you have accomplished and where you got stuck

Solve additional problems from the textbook to

get solid practice for examinations

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Problem Solution Hints

(1) Given/Known/Problem Statement: State in your own

words

Helps you in formulating the problem –

• Change in total energy?

• Change in kinetic energy or potential energy?

• Energy balance in a closed (no mass transfer across the

system boundary) or open system?

• Rate of change of energy in a closed or open system?

• Do I need to calculate energy or work output or heat into

system?

• Do I have number of equations equal to number of unknowns?

• If not, what additional assumptions do I have to make?

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(2) Find/Unknown/Calculate/Determine

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(3) A sketch of system and your control volume/mass.

Problem comprehension improved by drawing

(4) Do I need to make simplifying assumptions?

So that number of unknowns = # equations ---property relationships,

process equations and governing equations

(5) Relevant Equations from the book

(6) Solution (with units)

Approximately equally weighted numerical scoring for 1-6 items.

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Example

1kg Air 1kg Air

0.1MPa, 100˚C̊ 0.5MPa, 1000˚C̊

m

m

3

5 58.314 5 J/(mol K) 20.786 J/(mol K)

2 2

20.786 J/(mol K)718 J/(kg K)

28.9 10 kg/mol

V

VV

C R

Cc

M

718 J/(kg K) 1000 100 K 646.2 kJ/kgVu c T

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Bad example

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COURSE GRADING

Homework 20% Quizzes (3%*5)and Mid-term Examinations (15%) 30% Experiments 5% Open project and discussions 5% Final Examination 40%

All examinations, including the final, are closed book, except an equation sheet (single side of a A4 paper).

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CLASSROOM RULES

Common courtesy rules

Turn off/set to silent mode cell phones

Do not read any other material once lecture has

started

Class time is not for socializing, not for other

course homework, and sleeping

Questions are welcomed

Medical proof required to excuse you for

homework, or an exam

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Homework:

• Read Chapter 1 (1.1-1.9)

• Read stories about history of Thermodynamics or the pioneering people such as Sadi Carnot, James Joule and William Thomson et al. Write down your reflections/thoughts/comments (>200 English words)