engl 112 chapter 12 supplementary notes 2015
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ENGLISH 112 (Language Structures and Drills II)
Peter Lambe, Spring 2015
CHAPTER 12
Adjective Clauses
(Supplementary Notes)
Important Terms
Adjective
Adjective Phrase
Adjective Clause
Features of an Adjective Clause
Analyzing Sentences Containing Adjective Clauses
Practice Exercises
Subject Pronouns (who, which, that)
Object Pronouns (whom, which, that, Ø)
Using Ø as an Object Pronoun
Pronouns Functioning as OP (Object of a Preposition)
Relative Pronoun whose
Answer Key
Constructing Sentences with Adjective Clauses
Practice Exercises
Subject Pronouns (who, which, that)
Object Pronouns (whom, which, that, Ø)
Pronouns Functioning as OP (Object of a Preposition)
Relative Pronoun whose
Answer Key
THE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
(The Relative Clause)
Before studying the adjective clause, it is useful to review the following terms:
Adjective
An adjective is a word that modifies a noun. This means that it describes some quality of the
noun, or indicates its quantity or extent, or specifies that the noun is distinct from something
else.
a comfortable chair
that enormous cat
difficult exercises
Notice that each adjective above (i.e. comfortable, enormous and difficult) occurs inside a
noun phrase and modifies the head noun of the phrase (i.e. chair, cat, exercises). When
adjectives occur inside noun phrases, it is also possible to stack more than one of them
together to modify the head noun. For example,
a long dangerous journey
this delicious Indian food
my small brown leather wallet
that beautiful tall green Chinese vase
All of the adjectives in the examples above are placed before the head noun they modify.
They occur inside a noun phrase. When adjectives occur in this position they are called
attributive adjectives.
Sometimes an adjective can modify a noun, but occur outside of the noun phrase (in another
part of the sentence). For example,
S Cs
The coffee was strong. (noun phrase)
S Cs
These boxes are fragile. (noun phrase)
S Cs
The children felt sick. (noun phrase)
Notice that in each of these examples, the adjective occurs outside of the subject noun phrase
(i.e. the coffee, these boxes, or the children). It forms a part of the sentence called the subject
complement (Cs). This piece comes directly after linking verbs such as be, feel, seem,
appear, etc. Linking verbs act like equal signs (=) in a sentence, linking the subject noun
phrase with the subject complement. When adjectives occupy this position, they are called
predicate adjectives.
Predicate adjectives can also modify head nouns of object noun phrases. In this case, they
occur directly after the object noun phrase. They form a piece called the object complement
(Co). For example,
O Co Khalid is wearing his hair short. (noun phrase)
O Co The waiter served the meal hot. (noun phrase)
O Co The letter made Thamir angry. (noun phrase)
Adjective Phrase
Adjectives can be expanded into adjective phrases. An adjective phrase is a group of words
that contains a head adjective plus any modifying words (e.g. adverbs such as extremely,
very, quite, really, a little, somewhat, etc.). Examples of adjective phrases include:
strong
extremely fragile
very sick
quite short
really hot
a little angry
In each adjective phrase above, the head adjective is underlined. Notice that the simplest
adjective phrase, strong, consists of only a head adjective with no modifiers. Adjective phrases
can be used in either of the predicate positions above such as subject complement (Cs) or object
complement (Co).
S Cs
These boxes are extremely fragile. (noun phrase) (adjective phrase)
O Co Khalid is wearing his hair quite short. (noun phrase) (adjective phrase)
A noun may be modified by both attributive and predicate adjectives in the same sentence.
For example,
The black Turkish coffee was very strong.
Adjective Clause
In addition to using an adjective before a noun or an adjective phrase after a noun, there is a
third way in which a noun can be modified. This involves adding a dependent clause after the
noun. This dependent clause is called an adjective clause (or relative clause). It is a dependent
clause, so it contains its own subject (S) and verb (V), but it cannot stand alone. It is called an
“adjective clause” because it does the same job as an adjective (i.e. it modifies a noun located
in the main clause). For example,
S V
Ali liked the coffee [ that he ordered in the restaurant yesterday ].
(adjective clause)
The whole adjective clause modifies the noun coffee. It tells you “which” coffee Ali liked.
Therefore, a noun can be modified in 3 ways:
1) By placing an adjective (or string of adjectives) before the noun.
the black Turkish coffee (adj) (adj)
2) By adding an adjective phrase to the sentence (in a piece separate from the
noun).
The coffee was very strong. (adjective phrase)
3) By adding an adjective clause immediately after the noun.
S V
The coffee [ that Ali ordered in the restaurant ] was very strong. (adjective clause)
Notice that all three types of modification can be used within one sentence to modify the same
noun coffee.
The black Turkish coffee [ that Ali ordered in the restaurant ] was very strong.
The methods for analyzing and constructing adjective clauses will now be outlined:
Features of an Adjective Clause
1) An adjective clause is a dependent clause. Therefore, it has its own subject (S) and verb
(V), but it cannot stand alone by itself as a complete sentence.
2) An adjective clause fulfills the same purpose as an adjective (i.e., it modifies a noun which
is located in the main clause or next higher clause). It is normally placed immediately after
the noun it modifies.
3) An adjective clause begins with a relative pronoun. The relative pronouns include the
following words: who, whom, which, that, whose, where, when and Ø.
4) The relative pronoun always has a function within the adjective clause (i.e., it can function
as S, O, OP, etc. within the adjective clause).
5) Since the relative pronoun is a pronoun, it must refer back to a noun phrase in the main
clause. The noun phrase that it refers back to is called the antecedent. This antecedent
contains the head noun being modified. (Note: The antecedent also has a function within the
main clause, but this function does not have to be the same as the function of the relative
pronoun.)
6) An adjective clause can be removed from the main clause without damaging the structure of
the main clause. However, its removal may alter the meaning of the sentence.
ANALYZING SENTENCES CONTAINING ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
Practice Exercises
Analyze each sentence below using the following procedure:
Find the adjective clause and separate it by putting [square brackets] around it.
Circle the relative pronoun and identify the function of each piece inside the
adjective clause (S, V, O, etc.).
Underline the antecedent in the main clause. (The antecedent is the whole noun phrase
containing the head noun being modified.)
Identify the pieces that make up the main clause (S, V, O, etc.).
Reconstruct the adjective clause as a statement by substituting the antecedent for the relative
pronoun.
Check your work with the answer key that follows.
Example: The black Turkish coffee that Ali ordered in the restaurant was very strong.
S O S V Ap V Cs
The black Turkish coffee [ Ali ordered in the restaurant ] was very strong.
Adjective clause: that Ali ordered in the restaurant
Relative pronoun: that
Function of relative pronoun: O
Antecedent: the black Turkish coffee
Reconstructed adjective clause: Ali ordered the black Turkish coffee in the restaurant.
Subject Pronouns (who, which, that)
1. I saw the man who closed the door.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
2. The people that live next to me have three cars.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
3. The tools which were lying outside our garage were getting dirty.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
that
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
4. A barometer is an instrument that measures air pressure.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
Object Pronouns (whom, which, that, Ø)
5. The children whom we watched in the park were feeding ducks in a pond.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
6. The people that Khalid is visiting live in Olaya.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
7. The vegetables which we bought in that store were fresh.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
8. Waleed has read the books that he borrowed from the library.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
Using Ø as an Object Pronoun
Object pronouns can always be removed from an adjective clause. When we analyze a
sentence from which the object relative pronoun has been removed, we usually mark
this “invisible pronoun” with the symbol Ø. Remember that this symbol Ø still has a
function (O) within the adjective clause! Ø can always be changed back to the word
that.
Example:
The children we watched in the park were feeding ducks in a pond.
S O S V Ap V O Ap
The children [ we watched in the park ] were feeding ducks in a pond.
(Ø = that)
Adjective clause: Ø we watched in the park
Relative pronoun: Ø
Function of relative pronoun: O
Antecedent: the children
Reconstructed adjective clause: We watched the children in the park.
Ø
9. I know the woman the newspaper reporter interviewed last week.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
10. The people my brother called didn’t answer their phone.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
11. The jeep Abumezyed drives needs a new air conditioner.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
Summary of Relative Pronouns
(Subject and Object)
S who that (human)
which that (non-human)
O who(m) that Ø (human)
which that Ø (non-human)
Answer Key (#1 - 11)
S V O S V O
1. I saw the man [ who closed the door ].
Adjective clause: who closed the door
Relative pronoun: who
Function of relative pronoun: S
Antecedent: the man
Reconstructed adjective clause: The man closed the door.
S S V Ap V O
2. The people [ that live next to me ] have three cars.
Adjective clause: that live next to me
Relative pronoun: that
Function of relative pronoun: S
Antecedent: the people
Reconstructed adjective clause: The people live next to me.
S S V Ap V Cs
3. The tools [ which were lying outside our garage ] were getting dirty.
Adjective clause: which were lying outside our garage
Relative pronoun: which
Function of relative pronoun: S
Antecedent: the tools
Reconstructed adjective clause: The tools were lying outside our garage.
S V Cs S V O
4. A barometer is an instrument [ that measures air pressure ].
Adjective clause: that measures air pressure
Relative pronoun: that
Function of relative pronoun: S
Antecedent: an instrument
Reconstructed adjective clause: An instrument measures air pressure.
S O S V Ap V O Ap
5. The children [ whom we watched in the park ] were feeding ducks in a pond.
Adjective clause: whom we watched in the park
Relative pronoun: whom
Function of relative pronoun: O
Antecedent: the children
Reconstructed adjective clause: We watched the children in the park.
S O S V V Ap
6. The people [ that Khalid is visiting ] live in Olaya.
Adjective clause: that Khalid is visiting
Relative pronoun: that
Function of relative pronoun: O
Antecedent: the people
Reconstructed adjective clause: Khalid is visiting the people.
S O S V Ap V Cs
7. The vegetables [ which we bought in that store ] were fresh.
Adjective clause: which we bought in that store
Relative pronoun: which
Function of relative pronoun: O
Antecedent: the vegetables
Reconstructed adjective clause: We bought the vegetables in that store.
S V O O S V Ap
8. Waleed has read the books [ that he borrowed from the library ].
Adjective clause: that he borrowed from the library
Relative pronoun: that
Function of relative pronoun: O
Antecedent: the books
Reconstructed adjective clause: He borrowed the books from the library.
S V O O S V At
9. I know the woman [ Ø the newspaper reporter interviewed last week ].
Adjective clause: Ø the newspaper reporter interviewed last week
Relative pronoun: Ø
Function of relative pronoun: O
Antecedent: the woman
Reconstructed adjective clause: The newspaper reporter interviewed the woman last week.
S O S V V O
10. The people [ Ø my brother called ] didn’t answer their phone.
Adjective clause: Ø my brother called
Relative pronoun: Ø
Function of relative pronoun: O
Antecedent: the people
Reconstructed adjective clause: My brother called the people.
S O S V V O
11. The jeep [ Ø Abumezyed drives ] needs a new air conditioner.
Adjective clause: Ø Abumezyed drives
Relative pronoun: Ø
Function of relative pronoun: O
Antecedent: the jeep
Reconstructed adjective clause: Abumezyed drives the jeep.
Pronouns Functioning as OP (Object of a Preposition)
Sometimes the relative pronoun can be preceded by a preposition. The complete prepositional
phrase is actually an adverbial (A) which contains a preposition (P) and an object of a preposition
(OP) inside it.
The man [ to whom I talked ] was helpful.
The chair [ in which I am sitting ] is hard.
Ibrahim likes the students [ with whom he is studying ].
Organic chemistry is a subject [ with which Mohammed is familiar ].
We can analyze these types of sentences as follows:
Example: The man to whom I talked was helpful.
A
S P OP S V V Cs
The man [ to I talked ] was helpful.
Adjective clause: to whom I talked
Relative pronoun: whom
Function of relative pronoun: OP
Antecedent: the man
Reconstructed adjective clause: I talked to the man.
Example: The chair in which I am sitting is hard.
A
S P OP S V V Cs
The chair [ in I am sitting ] is hard.
Adjective clause: in which I am sitting
Relative pronoun: which
Function of relative pronoun: OP
Antecedent: the chair
Reconstructed adjective clause: I am sitting in the chair.
whom
which
These types of structures occur in very formal English. In everyday informal English, we often prefer
to break up the adverbial so that the preposition occurs at the end of the adjective clause. When we
do this, we have the choice of keeping the original pronoun (whom or which) or replacing it with
that or Ø. (Notice that Ø can be used for an OP as well as for an O.) So when an adjective clause
contains an OP pronoun, the adjective clause can be written in four (4) ways:
Example: The man to whom I talked was helpful.
The man [ to whom I talked ] was helpful. (formal)
The man [ whom I talked to ] was helpful.
The man [ that I talked to ] was helpful.
The man [ Ø I talked to ] was helpful.
Example: The chair in which I am sitting is hard.
The chair [ in which I am sitting ] is hard. (formal)
The chair [ which I am sitting in ] is hard.
The chair [ that I am sitting in ] is hard.
The chair [ Ø I am sitting in ] is hard.
Analyze the sentences below using the same procedure as before. Some of these sentences are
formal and some are informal. Check your work with the answer key that follows.
12. The man that I told you about is over there.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
13. The picture at which Talal is looking is beautiful.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
14. The person Suhaib was waiting for didn’t come. (Hint: This sentence contains Ø.)
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
15. The plane which I was traveling on made an emergency landing.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ____________
Function of relative pronoun: ________
Antecedent: ________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
Relative Pronouns Functioning as OP
(Object of a Preposition)
OP *to whom . . .
whom . . . to (human)
that . . . to
Ø . . . to
OP *to which . . .
which . . . to (non-human)
that . . . to
Ø . . . to
(* Any preposition can be used in place of to.)
Answer Key (#12 - 15)
S OP S V O P V Ap P OP
12. The man [ that I told you about ] is over there. (A = about that)
Adjective clause: that I told you about
Relative pronoun: that
Function of relative pronoun: OP
Antecedent: the man
Reconstructed adjective clause: I told you about the man.
S P OP S V V Cs P OP
13. The picture [ at which Talal is looking ] is beautiful. (A = at which)
Adjective clause: at which Talal is looking
Relative pronoun: which
Function of relative pronoun: OP
Antecedent: the picture
Reconstructed adjective clause: Talal is looking at the picture.
S OP S V P V P OP
14. The person [ Ø Suhaib was waiting for ] didn’t come. (A = for Ø)
Adjective clause: Ø Suhaib was waiting for
Relative pronoun: Ø
Function of relative pronoun: OP
Antecedent: the person
Reconstructed adjective clause: Suhaib was waiting for the person.
S OP S V P V O P OP
15. The plane [ which I was traveling on ] made an emergency landing. (A = on which)
Adjective clause: which I was traveling on
Relative pronoun: which
Function of relative pronoun: OP
Antecedent: the plane
Reconstructed adjective clause: I was traveling on the plane.
Relative Pronoun whose
The relative pronoun whose shows possession. It is very different from the other relative pronouns
because it must be attached to a head noun (i.e. it occurs inside of a larger noun phrase). This whole
noun phrase has a function inside the adjective clause, not just whose by itself.
Example:
S O S V V A
The instructor [ course I am taking ] is from Canada.
(noun phrase)
Adjective clause: whose course I am taking
Relative pronoun: whose
Function of noun phrase containing relative pronoun: O
Antecedent: the instructor
Reconstructed adjective clause: I am taking the instructor’s course.
(add ’ s to the antecedent)
Analyze the following sentences, which all contain adjective clauses with whose. Check your
work with the answer key that follows.
16. The man whose wife speaks four languages is a journalist.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ______________
Function of noun phrase containing relative pronoun ________
Antecedent: _____________________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
(add ’ s to the antecedent)
17. The woman whose cat died was sad.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ______________
whose
Function of noun phrase containing relative pronoun ________
Antecedent: _____________________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
(add ’ s to the antecedent)
18. I have a friend whose brother is a police officer.
Adjective clause: ______________________________________________________
Relative pronoun: ______________
Function of noun phrase containing relative pronoun ________
Antecedent: _____________________________
Reconstructed adjective clause: ___________________________________________
(add ’ s to the antecedent)
Notes
(1) The relative pronoun whose is normally used with humans. However, it can also be used
with animals or objects.
I bought an antique table whose leg was broken.
Abumezyed has a jeep whose air conditioner rarely works.
Nora found a cat whose eyes were different colors.
(2) Don’t confuse who’s with the relative pronoun whose. Who’s is a contraction for who is
or who has.
Who’s sitting in that desk? (Who’s = Who is)
Who’s written this composition? It’s excellent! (Who’s = Who has)
Answer Key (#16 - 18)
S S V O V Cs
16. The man [ whose wife speaks four languages ] is a journalist.
Adjective clause: whose wife speaks four languages
Relative pronoun: whose
Function of noun phrase containing relative pronoun: S
Antecedent: the man
Reconstructed adjective clause: The man’s wife speaks four languages.
S S V V Cs
17. The woman [ whose cat died ] was sad.
Adjective clause: whose cat died
Relative pronoun: whose
Function of noun phrase containing relative pronoun: S
Antecedent: the woman
Reconstructed adjective clause: The woman’s cat died.
S V O S V Cs
18. I have a friend [ whose brother is a police officer ].
Adjective clause: whose brother is a police officer
Relative pronoun: whose
Function of noun phrase containing relative pronoun: S
Antecedent: a friend
Reconstructed adjective clause: A friend’s brother is a police officer.
CONSTRUCTING SENTENCES WITH ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
In the previous section, we practiced analyzing and taking apart complex sentences which
contained a main clause and an adjective clause. We ended up with two separate sentences – the
original main clause and a reconstructed adjective clause.
In this section, we will practice the opposite procedure. We will start with two separate sentences
and use the first sentence as a main clause, and convert the second sentence back into an
adjective clause.
Practice Exercises
Construct a complex sentence with a main clause and an adjective clause using the following
procedure:
Read the two separate sentences. The second sentence will provide further information
about some noun phrase in the first sentence.
Find the noun phrase being modified in the first sentence. Use the first sentence as a
main clause.
Open up the main clause and build an adjective clause immediately after the noun phrase
being modified. (This noun phrase will become the antecedent.)
Choose an appropriate relative pronoun (there may be several choices) to begin the
adjective clause. Insert the second sentence into this adjective clause space. Remember
that the relative pronoun will replace one part of the original sentence.
Check your work with the answer key that follows.
Example: (a) The bus is sometimes late.
(b) I take it to school every morning.
The second sentence gives further information about the bus.
Open up the first sentence and form an adjective clause inside it.
The bus [ ] is sometimes late.
The bus [ which I take to school every morning ] is sometimes late.
“ [ that I take to school every morning ] “
“ [ Ø I take to school every morning ] “
In the following exercises, combine the two sentences in each pair. Use “b” as an adjective
clause. Give all the possible forms of the adjective clauses.
Subject Pronouns (who, which, that)
1. a) The woman was very nice.
b) She sat next to me on the plane.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. a) Steam is a gas.
b) It forms when water boils.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. a) The sandstorm is very powerful.
b) It is moving toward us.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. a) Do you know the mechanic?
b) He works in that garage.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Object Pronouns (whom, which, that, Ø)
5. a) The flight was on time.
b) I took the flight to Singapore.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6. a) The woman thanked me.
b) I helped her.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
7. a) I found an interesting article in the magazine.
b) I bought the magazine yesterday.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
8. a) I liked the people.
b) I visited them last weekend.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Pronouns Functioning as OP
9. a) The bus was an hour late.
b) We were waiting for it.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
10. a) The man became very angry.
b) Mona was arguing with him.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
11. a) I enjoyed meeting the people.
b) You introduced me to them.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
12. a) The topic was interesting.
b) Omar talked about it.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Relative Pronoun whose
13. a) The family is staying in a hotel.
b) Their house burned down.
____________________________________________________________
14. a) Sultan is the student.
b) I borrowed his laptop computer.
____________________________________________________________
15. a) The reporter won an award.
b) Her articles explained global warming.
____________________________________________________________
16. a) A weed is a plant.
b) Its value hasn’t been discovered yet.
____________________________________________________________
17. a) Faisal is the student.
b) His car ran out of gas on the highway.
____________________________________________________________
Answer Key (#1 – 17)
Subject Pronouns (who, which, that)
1. The woman [ who sat next to me on the plane ] was very nice.
that sat next to me on the plane
2. Steam is a gas [ which forms when water boils ].
that forms when water boils
3. The sandstorm [ which is moving toward us ] is very powerful.
that is moving toward us
4. Do you know the mechanic [ who works in that garage ]?
that works in that garage
Object Pronouns (whom, which, that, Ø)
5. The flight [ which I took to Singapore ] was on time.
that I took to Singapore
Ø I took to Singapore
6. The woman [ whom I helped ] thanked me.
that I helped
Ø I helped
7. I found an interesting article in the magazine [ which I bought yesterday ].
that I bought yesterday
Ø I bought yesterday
8. I liked the people [ whom I visited last weekend ].
that I visited last weekend
Ø I visited last weekend
Object of a Preposition (OP)
9. The bus [ for which we were waiting ] was an hour late.
which we were waiting for
that we were waiting for
Ø we were waiting for
10. The man [ with whom Mona was arguing ] became very angry.
whom Mona was arguing with
that Mona was arguing with
Ø Mona was arguing with
11. I enjoyed meeting the people [ to whom you introduced me ].
whom you introduced me to
that you introduced me to
Ø you introduced me to
12. The topic [ about which Omar talked ] was interesting.
which Omar talked about
that Omar talked about
Ø Omar talked about
Relative Pronoun whose
13. The family [ whose house burned down ] is staying in a hotel.
14. Sultan is the student [ whose laptop computer I borrowed ].
15. The reporter [ whose articles explained global warming ] won an award.
16. A weed is a plant [ whose value hasn’t been discovered yet ].
17. Faisal is the student [ whose car ran out of gas on the highway ].
_________________________
Peter Lambe Spring 2015