English 200Dr. Jun Zhao

Marshall University Lesson Two-Metaphor

BRUCE WILLIS looking for his Demi Moore, attractive, intelligent, professional, sporty guy 31, n/s, w.l.t.m. gorgeous brunette 25-35.

ANGEL WITH halo & wings but in need of TLC, 43, WLTM male with lots of tinsel to make me shine for years to come. Don’t let me be boxed again!

metaphors used here

And here? My love is a red red rose. Thank you for your valuable input. How did they sell that idea? The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area

and typically 30-65 km in diameter. If you have a minute, can I ask you

something? It is 10 PM now. We need to table this discussion for our

next meeting.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_O6rwzLeIs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZNY8sEMJDc&feature=related

And these?

Figures of speech, ornamental devices, inventive, expressive, unexpected, original, creative…

But also: -tools to help us understand/conceptualize

the world - everyday language is rife with metaphors

those metaphors in everyday language are “dead” metaphors, Conceptual Metaphors

Metaphors:

conventionalizedlexicalizeddead

a way of thinking

based on similarity and comparison

Conceptual Metaphors

Similarity, comparison between the literal meaning and the figurative meaning of an expression

Life is a journey ( time/events passed)

X is like Y (in respect of…) explained explaining base of element element comparison

How it works?

My love is a red red rose. X Y

Ideas are objects X Y Thank you for your valuable input.How did they sell that idea?We need to table the discussion.

Time is commodity X Y If you have a minute,

Storm is like a human being X YThe eye of the storm

Cont’d

What is common about Xs and Ys?

Abstract, non-tangible, unfamiliar

Concrete, tangible, familiar

X ---- explained element,

love idea time storm

Y explaining element

rose objects commodity human being

mapping scope

source target concept concept Y X concrete abstract familiar unfamiliar

Metaphor: mapping between two concepts

mapping

Mapping scope Proper relevant

correspondence from a source concept onto a target concept

Reflection of our conceptual experiences of the world

3 major components:

- image schemas - basic correlations - culture-dependent

evaluations

image schemas: bodily experience Orientation: up is better, down is

not:

I am in cloud 9.Go to hell.I feel so low. He jumped out of

happiness.

Orientation: up controlling, down controlled There are two types of

people in this world: those on the top of the social ladder, and those on the bottom.

The entire Fiji rugby board has been forced to step down by Government intervention after an alleged mismanagement of a lottery.

Burma remains under the tight control of the military-led State Peace and Development Council.

Bodily experience cont’d Body is a container of

emotion He almost burst a

blood vessel. She was flushed with

anger. She turned pale as a

sheet. I was chilled to the

bone.

Path: life is a journey The baby is on the way. The baby has arrived. Look at how far we’ve come together. Think about the bright future in front of us. Looking back into the past He is still with us. They brought him back. He is gone.

Image Schemas Cont’d

Basic correlations: the events and actions in the world around us Action/change -The country's slow economic growth has

contributed to the preservation of much of its environment and ecosystems.

-To get motivated, create a list of activities for each day.

Harry raised our morale by telling jokes. You can make ice out of water by freezing it. I made a paper airplane out of a sheet of

newspaper. She is slowly changing into a beautiful woman. Our present legal system evolved out of

English common law. Universities are incubators for new ideas. Edward Teller is the father of the hydrogen

bomb.

Causation:

A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language of that family.

This List of language families includes also language isolates, unclassified languages and other types of languages.

The chart below shows the relations among some of the languages in the Indo-European family.

The dotted line from French to Middle English suggests not direct descent, but the influx of French vocabulary in the centuries after the Norman Invasion.

Family:

Culture-specific evaluations For wife sweetie

pumpkinbaby dollhoneypumpkin pie

For wife 贱内 humbled one inside my house 那口子 the other one of the marriage 老婆 old woman 家里的 the one at home 孩子的妈 mother of my child

Cont’d Your friendship warms

my heart.

Cold-blood Cold war

In Arabic,جاءني خبر أثلج صدري

I received a news yesterday that froze my chest! (a good one)

You have wasted my time. It is worth your time. We are running out of time. How do you spend your time? Can you give me a minute? All the time you have spent on your study is

a good investment.

Time is Money

You’re in high spirits. My spirits sank. That boosted my spirits. I fell into a depression. Wake up! He’s under hypnosis. He rises early in the morning. He fell asleep.

Exercise-1

He’s at the peak of health. He came down with the flu. He dropped dead. He is under the weather. He’s in top shape. I am on top of the situation. I have control over her. He is my social inferior. His power is on the decline.

-2

This gadget will save you hours.That flat tire cost me an hour.I’ve invested a lot of time in her.I don’t have enough time to spare for that.You need to budget your time.Put aside some time for Ping Pong.How much time do I have left?Thank you for your time.He’s living on a borrowed time.

3

The marriage is dead. It can’t be revived. This is a sick relationship. Their relationship is in really good shape. I could feel the electricity between us. There are sparks between them. I was magnetically drawn to her. There is incredible energy in their

relationship. No chemical between us.

4

I can’t take my eyes off her.He sits with his eyes glued to the TV. Her eyes picked out every detail of the

pattern.I could see the fear in his eyes.Love showed in his eyes.His eyes displayed his compassion. Her life is crammed with activities.Get the most out of life.

5