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Language

1. Complete the following sentences putting a, an or the in the blank spaces where you think they are necessary

a. ___ milk comes from ___ cow.b. ___ grass is not always greener on ___ other side.c. I like to read ___ book in ___ evening.d. ___ boys have been playing soccer for ___ hour.e. ___ window is made of glass.f. Do you have ___ pen and ___ pencil?g. When you go out please buy ___ loaf of bread and ___ 500g packet of sugar.h. ___ page of ___ book is torn.

2. Change the following sentences to the plural

a. A tomato is a plant.b. A cat is a furry animal.c. A city is a large town.d. The cup is blue and the saucer is yellow.

3. Change the following sentences to the singular

a. The children are playing with the toy trucks.b. Cities are large towns.c. Mothers, grandmothers and little girls attended the concerts.d. The lads drove the calves and the oxen home.

4. More about punctuation

A piece of writing without any punctuation would be as confusing (and as dangerous) as a

gift package to make the passage easier to read and understand.

Passage:

did you hear the good news alice called to her friend my sister emma is going to marry edward they are already engaged i am really looking forward to their wedding day peter and his parents are taking me down to durban because my mother and father will already be there i am so excited wouldnt you be too if it were your sister

5. Making new words

Have you ever watched your mother in the kitchen? She often mixes two or more things

cake!).

You can do the same thing with words.

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If you add the word parts un- and dis- to the beginning of some words, you can form a new word opposite in meaning.Example: un + do = undo (loosen)

dis + honest = dishonest.

Now let’s make a list on the writing board to see how many words you can think of that are made like this.

Here are a few: un + tie, lock, fold, fasten, button, cork. dis + cover, agree, appear, connect.

You can also add -er to the ends of words for the person who can and -ful for full of.Note: When you add full to a word it drops one “l” e.g. wonder + full = wonderfulbeauty + full = beautiful.

Example: run + er = runner (person who can run) hope + ful = hopeful

Here are some words to use this way:bank, paint, sell, buy, wait + -erwonder, thank, cheer, grate, care + ful

Other word parts we can use in the same way are:-less, -ous, -ish.How many words can you think of that are formed this way?

6. Can you remember your Parts of Speech? Let’s look at them again

Verbs A verb, a verb is a doing word A verb, a verb tells us what to do. A verb, a verb is a doing word A verb, a verb tells us what to do.

Am, is, are, has, have, had, was and were, too

Am, is, are, has, have, had, these are verbs as well.

and future

Sometimes verbs end in s, ed, or ing. I’m sure we’ll remember this better if we sing.

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Exercise

Draw four columns in your exercise book. Write the parts of speech mentioned on the

the following paragraph.

Santa Claus, or Father Christmas, is based on a Christian saint who lived long ago. The saint’s name was Nicholas. St Nicholas came to be associated with the Christmas holiday. One story tells how St Nicholas made a gift to three pretty girls, who could not get married because their poor father had no money for a dowry. St Nicholas is said to have tossed three bags of gold silently through their window and one of these bags landed in a wet stocking

Christmas Eve to receive presents may have grown out of this tale.

Something to talk about

How and why do we celebrate Christmas?

Nouns A noun is the name of a person, place or thing Person, place or thing. Person, place or thing. A noun is the name of a person, place or thing. A noun is a naming word. Proper nouns have capital letters, Abstract nouns describe our feelings, Collective nouns are names for groups of things.

Adjectives An adjective is a describing word, yes, it is! An adjective is a describing word, yes it is! It describes a noun. An adjective can be compared, yes it can. Use it with er and est or more and most Adjectives can be compared, yes they can

the pattern!

Adverbs An adverb adds to a verb, an adverb adds to a verb, An adverb mostly ends in ly, an adverb adds to a verb.

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7. Parts of speech: The Pronouns

We call words which we use to replace nouns in sentences pronouns. Look at the following example. Instead of saying: John invited John’s friends to John’s party. John made all the preparations John and John’s sister also helped John, it is better to say: John invited his friends to his party. He made all the preparations himself and his sister also helped him.

a. The words in brackets below are used incorrectly. Can you correct them?

Those books lying on (you) table are (me). They are actually (Peter), but I need them for (me) school task. So don’t think they are (you) to use as you like!

Whenever I take out (me) photograph album, I see many photographs of (us) family. This

new bicycle at that time, newer than (you). I wish we could have (us) childhood all over again.

b. Write down the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the sentences below.

1. Those records are (me), not (you)!2. This is (Father) newspaper and here lies (Mother) magazine.3. Fairy stories are a great favourite of (her).4. That dictionary over there is (he). I don’t know where (my) is. May I borrow (your).5. Why is (us) classroom so quiet? Perhaps the teacher has gone to (he) car to fetch (us)

exercise books.

ProverbsStudy the pictures on 88. Then match each picture with the proverb it illustrates and its correct meaning.

Picture 1Proverb d: It’s no use crying over spilt milk.Meaning f: Once you have made a mistake, worrying about it won’t put things right.

I me my mine myself you you your yours yourself he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself they them theirs theirs themselves we us our ours ourselves

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Learn all the proverbs and their meanings by heart once you have completed the exercise.

Match the meanings to the proverbs

Proverbs

a. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.b. While the cat’s away the mice will play.c. Every cloud has a silver lining.d. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.e. Great oaks from little acorns grown.f. A stitch in time saves nine.g. Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched.h. The early bird catches the worm.

Meanings

a. Don’t plan too far ahead, and don’t rely on things always turning out well for you.b. Even the worst things that happen have a good side to them.c. Important things often start in a small way.

e. You won’t be able to do your work well if you don’t allow time for rest and play too.f. Once you have made a mistake, worrying about it won’t put things right.g. People do as they please when the person they are afraid of is out of the way.h. If you put something right as soon as it goes wrong, you won’t have much trouble

later.

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Homophones

Look at the sentences below:

• We walked through the forest.• He threw the ball over the wall.

There are some words that sound the same, but have different meanings. Try to choose the correct word of the two in brackets. Then write a sentence of your own to show the meaning of the second word.

a. I (knew, new) that you were ill.

d. I shall (meat, meet) you at the store.e. He walked (passed, past) without seeing me.f. Mom gave me (sum, some) biscuits.g. The strong wind (blew, blue) two trees down.h. I shall (pour, poor) the tea into the cups.i. We left (hour, our) books at home.j. The (son, sun) did not shine yesterday.k. The hunter shot at the buck, but he (missed, mist) it.l. I could not (hear, here) what they were saying.m. Mother gave me a big (peace, piece) of cake.n. John asked (whether, weather) I would help him.o. We stayed there for a (whole, hole) week.

Word riddle

Stay in your groups and see whether you can work out each letter of the word below from the following riddle. The word means something everyone likes.

My second is in dark and also in shirt.My third is in page and also in hive.My fourth is in ship and also in boats.

My seventh is in treat and also in gift.My last is in sweet and also in sour.

1.___ 2. ___ 3. ___ 4. ___ 5. ___ 6. ___ 7. ___ 8. ___.

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Comprehension exercise

Baptism

Just before Jesus went up to heaven He told his disciples to go and tell everybody about Him. He also said that they should baptize all who believe in Him.

There are three special things that the minister of a church must do: He must preach God’s Word, telling people about Jesus; he must baptize the covenant’s children and he must serve the Lord’s Supper.

Baptism helps us because it is a sign. It shows us that Jesus cleans our hearts. We use water to wash our faces and our hands, we bathe our bodies in water - we need the blood of Jesus to make our hearts clean. When the minister baptizes someone in water, it is a sign to show us that Jesus washes our hearts. Baptism says: Just as water makes our bodies clean, so Jesus’ blood will make your heart clean if you believe in Him.

Baptism is a sign that God makes us new creatures. The Bible says that when we are baptized, we are buried with Jesus and we rise with Him to a new life. When we believe in Jesus, the Holy Spirit makes us new; He gives us new hearts that love God and want to do His will.Do you remember the story of Philip and the man who rode in a chariot? As soon as the man believed in Jesus he wanted to be baptized and then he went on his way happy, because he was sure that he belonged to Jesus.

There is a story in the Bible about a man who was baptized in the middle of the night. The

told him to keep them locked up tight, so he put Paul and Silas in the worst part of the jail. That night he was frightened by a terrible earthquake and asked Paul what he should do to be saved. Paul said “Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ.” The jailor did believe and Paul baptized him together with the rest of his family.

God the Father, God the Son and the Holy Spirit work together to prepare us for heaven. That is why the minister says, “I baptize you in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost.”

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Comprehension exercise

Answer the following questions in your class work book.

A. Say whether the following statements are true or false and select a phrase from the passage to prove your answer

1. The disciples were given an order to spread the Word of God.2. The minister of the church must do four special things.3. The water is a symbol of Jesus’ blood.4. Through baptism we become new people.5. The jailer at Philippi helped Paul.6. There had been a shaking of the earth.

1. follower2. spread the Word3. symbol4. faith5. Goaler6. shaking the earth7. relations8. a cart drawn by horses

C. Choose the most appropriate option to complete the statements

1. Jesus told his disciples to• go on a journey.• spread the Word of God and baptize believers.• only baptize people.

2. Baptism is done in• the name of the Trinity.• the name of Paul.• the name of Jesus.

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God’s abundant riches

everyone must have seemed like an impossibility, but God takes care of His own. Use the code to help you discover how God feels about your needs. It will help you to view your needs in the right way, too.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6

5 4 3 2 1

But my God shall ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ in all your ___ ___ ___ ___ according to His 8 6 11 11 15 2 13 22 22 23 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ in ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ by ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 9 18 24 19 22 8 20 15 12 9 2 24 19 9 18 8 7

___ ___ ___ ___ ___. 17 22 8 6 8

Philippians 4:19

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Poetry

Ish!

Narrator:When Frederick’s grandmother

young Frederick turned up his noseand said:

Frederick:Ish!

Grandmother:Okay.

Narrator:said his grandma,

Grandmother:I’ll give you some ish,

Narrator:as she scraped out some earwaxright into a dish.She brushed in some dandruffthat fell from her head,

from her husband, Ed.She sniffed at the mixtureand started to sneeze.Her eyes watered up; she got weak in the knees.Okay

Narrator:said Fred’s grandma,

Grandmother:now eat up this ish.

Frederick:No way,

Narrator:said young Frederick,

Frederick:

The end!

1.What is the lesson of the poem?2. Read Exodus 16:2-4.

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Nativity song

How far is it to Bethlehem?Not very far.

Lit by a star?

Can we see the little Child,Is He within?If we lift the wooden latchMay we go in?

May we stroke the creatures there,Ox, donkey or sheep?May we peep like them and seeJesus asleep?

If we touch His tiny handWill He awake?Will He know we’ve come so farJust for His sake?

Great Kings have precious gifts,And we have naught,Little smiles and little tearsAre all we brought.

For all weary childrenMary must weep.Here on His bed of straw,Sleep, children, sleep.

God in His mother’s arms,Babes in the byre,

Their hearts’ desire.

Frances Chesterton

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Star Bright, Star Bright

When Joseph and Mary reached Bethlehem,No lodging at all could be found for them,Until poor Joseph, quite ill with despair,Found an inn, and the owner thereSuggested the stable where the beasts were fedAnd sweet-smelling hay to make a bed.

“Look,” said Mary, “that Star so bright!I feel that my Son will be born tonight.”And when later the Babe in a manger she laid,The ox and donkey were undismayed.

The shepherds of the Birth were told,For, as they watched the star on high,

“Be not afraid,” they said, “we bringTidings of a Heavenly King,That star will guide you straight to them,Who watch by the manger in Bethlehem.”

The simple shepherds at once obeyed, Though each in his heart was much afraid.That star in the East sent down a beamOn three wise men, who followed their dream,Till at last they entered the stable-doorAnd with the shepherds they knelt to adore.

All stared at the costly gifts they brought.(“oh that I had a gift,” each thought.)

Incense and gold, as bright as the sun,They joyously gave to the little One,

All knelt around His crib to pray.

And it matters not if a gift be smallOr if there be no gift at all.For still today in heaven aboveThe greatest gift is the gift of God.

Vivienne Ross-Harding

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Revision

sentences

a. We are (hope) ___ that our team will win.b. The (honest) ___ boy was caught out.c. I think that is a (craze) ___ thing to do.

e. The moon (appeared) ___ behind the clouds.f. That is a very (value) ___ book.g. The (swim) ___ has won three gold medals.

2. Write down the time words and the correct form of the verb

a. At the moment Jenny and I (are decorating, was decorating, will decorate) the Christmas tree.

b. Today (was, is, will be) the day before my birthday.c. Yesterday we all (drove, drive, will drive) to Uncle Ted’s nursery.d. Next week Mother and I (go, went, are going) to town to buy everybody presents.

3. Rewrite the following passage using the correct punctuation

did you hear the good news alice called to her friend my sister emma is going to marry edward they are already engaged i am really looking forward to their wedding day peter and his parents are taking me down to durban because my mother and father will already be there i am so excited wouldnt you be too if it were your sister

I meant to do my work today

I meant to do my work today - But a brown bird sang in the apple tree,

And all the leaves were calling me.

And the wind went sighing over the landTossing the grasses to and fro,And a rainbow held out its shining hand - So what could I do but laugh and go!

Answer the following questions

1. Have you ever wished that you could play truant?2. What attracted you to a day away from school? It could have been one of the

distractions mentioned in the poem, or something quite different.3. Read Exodus 20:9. What does God command us to do?

1 -y -ful -able -er -or 2 dis- un-

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4. Which day can we rest?5. What else should we do on this “rest day”?6. Write a paragraph describing the temptation that called you.7. What were the consequences of your day off - amusing or painful?8. Write a paragraph relating these consequences.

Stories always have:

• An introduction, which usually tells how the event began and should ‘grab’ the reader’s attention, making them want to read on.

• A body, in which the story unfolds in a logical way, each event leading naturally to the next.

• A conclusion, where the story is rounded off, the ends neatly drawn together. The

sadness or amusement.

friend to read them and give an opinion.

Working with tenses

Here is a summary of all the tenses we did this year

Name of tense Time words

1 Present Tense

always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, seldom.

(Used when talking about things that gen-erally don’t change or are rules and every

day occurences.)I write down my homework daily.

I writeHe; She; It

(and single nouns) writes

We; You; They(and all plural

nouns)write

2 Present Continuous

Tense

now, at this moment, while, at present

(Used when the activity is still in the process of happening)

I am writing down my homework now.

I am

+ writing

He; She; It(and single nouns) is

We; You; They(and all plural

nouns)are

3 Present Per-fect Tense

just, yet, already, ever(Used when an activity has just been done,

I have just written down my home-work.

I have

+ writtenHe; She; It

(and single nouns) has

We; You; They (and all plural

nouns)have

Remember: Time words are clues to the tenses you must use!

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4 Past In-

(Simple Past)

yesterday, in 1960, a year ago, in the past, last...(year, month, May,

etc.), when I was small.

I wrote down my homework yester-day.

IHe; She; It

(and single nouns)We; You; They(and all plural

nouns)

wrote

5 Past Contin-uous Tense

then, at that moment, while, yester-day at 2 o’clock

in the past.)Friday at two I was writing down my

homework.

IHe; She; It

(and single nouns)was

+ writingWe; You; They(and all plural

nouns)were

6 Past Perfect Tense

By that time; after...(Actvity happened before another activity

in the past.)After I had written down my home-

work, I visited Brenda.

IHe; She It

(and single nouns)We; You; They(and all plural

nouns)

had + written

7 Future In-

tomorrow, later today, in that year, next week, in future, later today

(Activity will take place in future. We can also use ‘going to’ for future.)

I shall write down my homework to-morrow. I am going to write it down

neatly.

IWe shall + write

He; She; ItYou; They will + write