english std 8-3- rocks
DESCRIPTION
Presentation makes you know about metals and non metals and earthquake happens.TRANSCRIPT
© PRADIP PATEL
ASIA
SCIENCESCIENCEStd:- VIIIStd:- VIII
Rocks, Minerals, Rocks, Minerals, and Metalsand Metals
Graphics & Written ByGraphics & Written By :- :- Pradip B. PatelAsia English School
1,sunrise park, opp, Drive in road
TheltejAhmedabad – 38 00 54
Chapter -3 -3Rocks, Minerals and MetalsRocks, Minerals and Metals
qDko, qinjo Ane 2atuAoqDko, qinjo Ane 2atuAo
SHALESHALESHALESHALE
LIMESTONELIMESTONELIMESTONELIMESTONE
SANDSTONESANDSTONESANDSTONESANDSTONE
FOLDED ROCK FORMATIONFOLDED ROCK FORMATIONFOLDED ROCK FORMATIONFOLDED ROCK FORMATION
GASGASGASGAS
WATERWATERWATERWATER
OILOIL
Rocks are found on the Rocks are found on the crust of the earth and crust of the earth and made up of mineral made up of mineral
IRON ROCKIRON ROCK
© PRADIP PATEL
Some are coarse grained as granite. Clay has much fine grains that we cannot see them separately. If you closely examine a piece of granite, you will find that it is made up of a number of substances under a magnifying lens or a microscope. Substances which assemble together to form rocks are called mineralsminerals.. Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances.
Std - 8th chapter – 3Rocks, Minerals & Metals
© PRADIP PATEL
Magnifying lens
© PRADIP PATEL
1.02.12.6
2.8
3.6
5.1
8.2
27.8
46.8
OXYGEN (O2)
SILICON ( Si)
ALUMINIUM ( Al)
IRON ( Fe)
CALCIUM (Ca)
SODIUM (Na)
POTASSIUM (K)MAGNESIUM (Mg)OTHERS
The Earth’s CrustThe Earth’s Crust
The average thickness of earth crust is 35 km under the continents and 10 km under the oceans.
Three forth of the earth crust is made just of two non metals.(1) Oxygen (2) Silicon.
Remainder of the crust consists of mainly six metals (1) Aluminum (most abundant) (2) Iron (3) Calcium (4) Sodium (5) Potassium(6) Magnesium.
Std - 8th chapter – 3Rocks, Minerals & Metals
MineralsMinerals PercentagePercentage
© PRADIP PATEL
Pressure
Wea
ther
ing,
ero
sion
and
sed
imen
tatio
n
Dee
p bu
rial p
ress
ure
and
high
hea
t for
mel
ting
SEASEA
Heat, pressure & chemical changes
Melts, cools and becomes solid
Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks
Heat,pressure & chemical change
Weathering, erosion and becomes solid
Igneous RocksIgneous Rocks
Std - 8th chapter – 3Rocks, Minerals & Metals
Magma
© PRADIP PATELIGNEOUS ROCKSIGNEOUS ROCKS
Magma Magma
Meaning:- Word derived from the latin word ‘ignis’ meaning fire. First rock to appear on the earth’s surface.
Formation:- Formed by the cooling and solidification of extremely hot molten material, magma below the earth crust.
This magma pushes its way through earth’s crust with high pressure to form igneous rocks.
Large part of west central part of our country called the Decean Plateau.
Granite is formed when the rising magma solidifies before reaching the surface in the form of coarse grained.
Std - 8th chapter – 3Rocks, Minerals & Metals
© PRADIP PATEL
SEA
By the deposition fo sediments SEDIMENTS are broken down particles of existing rocks which are deposited layers by layers by flowing water or wind in the sea along with dead plants and animals.
All this are neatly preserved in the sediments. The process goes on for millions of years and the resultant rocks are called
Sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks contains the relics of plants & animal known as Fossils. They harden with age. Thickness of overlaying layers are usually soft.
Small plant, animals are depositing
layer by flowing water
or wind
SEDIMENTARY ROCKSSEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Std - 8th chapter – 3Rocks, Minerals & Metals
© PRADIP PATEL
PRESSURE
METAMORPHIC ROCKSMETAMORPHIC ROCKS
HEAT & PRESSUREHEAT & PRESSURE FORMATION :- When igneous or sedimentary rocks are subjected to intense heat, compression or fluid injection the physical & chemical properties changes which results in metamorphic rock
Std - 8th chapter – 3Rocks, Minerals & Metals
© PRADIP PATEL
Naturally occuring inorganic substances with specific composition.
Substance which assemble together to form rocks are called Minerals.
There are about 2000 distinctive minerals.
A mineral made of atom of a single element or of more than one
elements.
It is identified by its physical properties such as colour, lustre,
hardness, specific gravity and cleavage.
MineralsMinerals
GaeilnaGALENA ( PbS )
meGne3a{3MAGNETITE ( Fe3O4 )
Paa{ra{3PYRITE ( FeS2 )
Asbestos has a shimmering silky lustre.Abrq
Have metallic lustre.
Std - 8th chapter – 3Rocks, Minerals & Metals
© PRADIP PATEL
MineralMineral UsesUses
1 Quartz Glass, Sandpaper, Telephone, Radio, Watches.
2 Feldspur Porcelain, China dishes.
3 Mica Insulator in Electrical appliances: irons, motors, toasters
4 Rock salt In food, food preservation, raw material for chemical industry.
5 Gypsum Cement, Plaster of paris
6 Talc Talcum powder
7 Pitch blend Nuclear fuel
8_ Monazite Nuclear fuel for breeder reactor.
Non-metallic minerals and their usesNon-metallic minerals and their usesStd - 8th chapter – 3
Rocks, Minerals & Metals
© PRADIP PATEL
Std - 8th chapter – 3Rocks, Minerals & Metals
IdentifyIdentify uses of uses of mineralmineral
© PRADIP PATEL
Chemical Chemical formulaformula
MetalMetal Type of oreType of ore
Haematite Fe2O3 Iron Oxide
Iron Pyrite FeS2 Iron Sulphide
Copper Pyrite CuFeS2 Copper Sulphide
Copper glance Cus / Cu2S Copper Sulphide
Bauxite Al2O3 . 2H2O Aluminium Oxide
Galena PbS Lead Sulphide
Litharge PbO Lead Oxide
PyrolusitePyrolusite MnO Manganese Oxide
Some common oresSome common oresStd - 8th chapter – 3
Rocks, Minerals & Metals
© PRADIP PATEL
Waste gas
SLAGCalcium silicate
MOLTEN IRONBLAST FURNACEBLAST FURNACE
3000 C.5000 C.7000 C.9000 C.
10000 C.12000 C.
19000 C
Cone & Glass shape
HOT AIR Middle portion of the furnace is known as BOSCH.its width is
about 7-8 meters.
Blast furnace total Blast furnace total height is about 30-40 height is about 30-40 meters.meters.
Out side portion is made up of steel, and inside portion is
lined with fire bricks.
FeO + CO Fe + CO2
Iron oxide, limestone & cokeCaCO3 heat CaO + CO2
CaO + SiO2 CasiO3
Impurities slagFe2O3 + C 2 Fe3O4 + COFe3O4 + CO 3 FeO + CO2
Std - 8th chapter – 3Rocks, Minerals & Metals
© PRADIP PATEL
Pig ironPig iron Wrought ironWrought ironIt contains 4 to 5 percent carbon and other impurities such as sulphur, phosphorous, silicon and manganese.
It is the purest commercial form of iron free from carbon.
The presence of impurities lowers the melting point.
It is malleable.
It is brittle. It is ductile and stronger.
It can be melted and moulded into various shapes such as pipes, storage tanks, bath-tubes, stores, cylinder and other shapes.
It can not used for molded articles.
Sheets and wires cannot be made of pig iron.
It can be hammered into sheets and drawn into wire or given desired shapes.
Pig ironPig iron && Wrought ironWrought ironStd - 8th chapter – 3
Rocks, Minerals & Metals
© PRADIP PATEL
Waste gas
Iron oxide, lime stone& coke
Hot air.
SLAG
This way molten iron is directly taken to
steel plants.
The concentrated ore along with coke (c) and limestone are added to a blast furnace. Blasts of hot air at about 19000 C are blown into the furnace lined with fire bricks. The coke reduces the ore to metallic iron. The molten iron collects at the bottom of the furnace. Limestone on heating decomposes to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Calcium oxide reacts with the sand and forms a slag (calcium silicate)
3000 C.5000 C.7000 C.9000 C.
10000 C.12000 C.
19000 C
BLAST FURNACEBLAST FURNACE
Std - 8th chapter – 3Rocks, Minerals & Metals
2o.- Ð p/kr` -Ë qDko,qinjo Ane 6atuAo
© PRADIP PATEL
Impure copper anode
Impurities
Copper sulphate solution
Electric supply
+
-
iv·<t ivwajn4I kaœprnu> xuµIkr` iv·<t ivwajn4I kaœprnu> xuµIkr`
kaœprne kaœpr sLfe3na µav`ma> 2n6/uv trIke levama> Aave 0e Jyare xuµ kaœprnI p¤IAone 1`2/uv trIke levama> Aave 0e. iv·<t p/vah p/sar krva4I 2n6/uv Aog5e 0e Ane xuµ kaœprna Aayno 1`2/uv trf jay0e Ane Tya> jma 4ay 0e. ANy AxuiµAo §av`na ti5ye wegI 4ay 0e.
Pure copper cathode
© PRADIP PATEL
1.1. Gujarat Secondary Education Board. Gujarat Secondary Education Board.
Gandhinagar.Gandhinagar.
2.2. Microsoft clip art.Microsoft clip art.
3.3. Asia school staff.Asia school staff.