INTRODUCTION

WHAT'S WITH THIS TOPIC ?

The researchers chose this topic for us to widen our knowledge about this matter. We were so curious about this disease because we saw a lot of obese or overweight people everywhere. Now, as we get to know this disease and widened our knowledge about this topic, we expect that everyone of us will know how to deal and prevent this kind of disease so that we can not put our health to risk that will put our lives in danger. Reading this research will give more information about this topic.

WHO DISCOVERED OBESITY ?

According to Online etymology dictionary, Douglas Harper (2010), from French Obesity, which is from Latin obesitas which means "Fatness" and from obesus which means "something thats eaten itself fat. Root words are from "ob" (which means over) and "edere" which means to eat.

HISTORY OF OBESITY

The historian says the first people to commonly recognize obesity as a medical condition were the Greeks. Hippocrates recognized it and stated that not only was being overweight a disease, but it also lent itself to the onset of other diseases. Sushuruto (6th Century BCE), an Indian doctor made the connection between obesity, diabetes, heart failure, and stated that physical work (exercise) would help cure all three diseases. The scarceness of food throughout history, Obesity came to be as a sign of the wealthy, those who could afford to eat.

Starting in the time of the ancient greeks and moving forward, Obesity became a sign of gluttony and was often mocked for being "fat". After Christianity became more widespread, believers found obesity to be the cause of laziness and lust after food, both sins against God and the church. Eventually, Obesity turned into an issue of physical attraction when many people decided that excess weight was not appealing on the opposite sex. No matter what the reason, obese people have been singled out of centuries.

OVERVIEW

According to medicine.medscape.com (2014), Obesity in children is a complex disorder. Its prevalence has increased so significantly in recent years that many consider it a major health concern of the developed world. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) indicates that the prevalence of obesity is increasing in all pediatric age groups, in both sexes, and various ethnic and racial groups, many factors, including genetics, environment, metabolism, lifestyle, and eating habits are believed to play a role in the development of Obesity. However, more than 90% of cases are idiopathic; less than 10% associated with hormonal or genetic causes.

Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents. It occurs when a child is well above the normal weight for his or her age and height. It is particularly troubling because the extra pounds often start children on the path to health problems that were once confined to adults, such as diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol. Childhood Obesity can also lead to poor self-esteem and depression. www.mayoclinic.org ( 2014)

According to contemporarypediatrics.modernmedicine.com (2013), recent statistics suggest Childhood Obesity rates may be leveling off. The problems associated with Childhood overweight and obesity, however, continue to be a heavy burden on the minds, health, and pocketbooks of society, parents and children, and pediatricians. Childhood Obesity is the number one health concern among parents in the World, topping drug abuse and smoking and with good reason. Excess weight at young ages is associated with higher and earlier death rates in adulthood because of obesity, today's pediatricians are witness to an onslaught of pediatric patients with adult-like physical and mental health problems.

Obesity in children and adolescents is associated with multiple comorbidities, including metabolic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, orthopedic, and psychological disorders. In fact, cardiovascular and metabolic impairments in childhood and adolescence constitute major risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease in adulthood. An obese children are more likely to become obese adults. Also, if children are overweight, obesity in adulthood is likely to be more severe. Obesity"s financial toll is staggering. Treating obesity and obesity-related conditions costs billions each year. One estimate suggests the United States spent $190 billion on Obesity-related health care expenses in 2005, which is twice previous estimates. Pediatricians who spend their days treating these patients say the old paradigm of dictating to kids and their parents that they need to eat less and exercise more doesn't work in this new age.

FACTS OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY

Only about 8% of adolescents aged 12 to 15 years get 60 minutes of daily physical activity (Troiano RP, et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;[1]:181-188).In some communities children "account for almost half of new cases of type 2 diabetes which had previously been adult onset" (Frieden TR, et al. Health Aff [Millwood]. 2010;29[3]:357-363).Hospitalizations of obese children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years nearly doubled between 1999 and 2005 for obesity-related conditions such as asthma, diabetes, gallbladder disease, pneumonia, skin infections, pregnancy complications, depression and other mental disorders (Trasande L, et al. Health Aff [Millwood]. 2009;28[4]:W751-W760).Defined as body mass index (BMI) >1.2 times the 95th percentile or an absolute BMI >35 kg/m, severe obesity is estimated to affect about 5% of the US pediatric population (Kelly AS. J Pediatr. 2013;163[1]:6-8).About 1 in 3 kids and teenagers is overweight or obese, nearly triple the rate in 1963 (American Heart Association; 2013).In 2007, the average person consumed 400 more calories a day than in 1985, and 600 calories more a day than in 1970 (Wallinga D. Health Aff [Millwood]. 2010;29[3]:405-410). Recent data show that Hispanic and black high school children have obesity rates of 16.6% and 18.3%, respectively, which is significantly higher than their white counterparts (10.8%) (Trust for America's Health; 2009). The same disparities exist for younger children ( Bethell C, et al. Health Aff [Millwood]. 2010;29[3]:345-356).Almost 17% of children were obese in 2009 - 2010 (Ogden CL, et al. NCHS Data Brief. 2010;[82]:1-8).Percentage of adolescents aged 12-19 years who are obese: 18.4% (2009-2-10) (Ogden CL, et al. NCHS Data Brief. 2012;[82]1-8)Percentage of children aged 2-5 years who are obese: 12.1% (2009-2010) (Ogden CL, et al. NCHS Data Brief. 2012;[82]:1-8)Most obese children and adolescents are not low income (below 130% of the poverty level). Childhood Obesity prevalence decreases as the education of the head of household increases, but the relationship is not consistent across race and ethnicity groups (Ogden Cl, et al. NCHS Data Brief. 2010;[[51]:1-8).

PROBLEM

Childhood Obesity has both immediate and long-term effects on health and well-being. There are lots of treatment that can cure Childhood Obesity. According to www.aacap.org (2014), the problem of Childhood Obesity in the World has grown considerably in recent years, between 16 and 33 percent of children and adolescents are obese. Obesity is among the easiest medical conditions to recognize but most difficult to treat. Unhealthy weight gain due to poor diet and lack of exercise is responsible for over 300,000 deaths each year. The annual cost to society for obesity is estimated at nearly $100 billion. Overweight children are much more likely to become overweight adults unless they adopt and maintain healthier patterns of eating and exercise. Overweight and Obesity are the result of "Caloric Imbalance" - too few calories expended for the amount of calories consumed and are affected by various genetic, behavioral and environmental factors.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Obesity frequently becomes a lifelong issue. The reason most obese adolescents gain back their lost pounds is that they tend to go back to their old habits of eating. An obese adolescent must therefore learn to eat and enjoy healthy foods in moderate amounts and to exercise regularly to maintain a desired weight. Parents of an obese child can improve their child's self-esteem by emphasizing their strengths and positive qualities rather than just focusing on their weight problem.

FIVE (5) QUESTIONS

Why is it important to tackle the issue of Childhood Obesity ?What are the causes of the Obesity disease ?What are the common methods to treat obesity ?What is the impact of food television advertisements on Childhood Obesity ?How can we, as a society, make a difference in the Obesity epidemic ?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Obesity and its interaction with age, specially during childhood level. This study will help you be aware of this type of disease and it will widen your knowledge about this topic. In order for you to avoid this kind of disease you should have a proper diet and always consult your dietitian to get more information about this disease.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This topic, the researchers will be focusing on discussing the causes of childhood obesity, the effects of fats in our body, the six different kinds of Obesity, What are the proper diet to overcome Obesity, common treatment of Obesity, the effects of Obesity to people and ways to avoid this kind of disease.