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ENHANCED FIRST AID REFRESHER
(EFAR)
ONSHORE/OFFSHORE
Version 1.0
01 October 2018
GWO | ENHANCED FIRST AID REFRESHER
GLOBAL WIND ORGANISATION www.globalwindsafety.org
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CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................4
CHANGE LOG .............................................................................................................5
SCOPE ......................................................................................................................6
GENERAL REQUIREMENT TO GWO ENHANCED FIRST AID REFRESHER ................................7
Target group ................................................................................................................... 7 Aims and objectives ......................................................................................................... 8 Conformity with other Training .......................................................................................... 8 Legal requirements .......................................................................................................... 8 Duration and organisation of EFAR Module .......................................................................... 8 Validity period ................................................................................................................. 8 Delegate prerequisites for the EFAR ................................................................................... 9 EFA Refresher Training ..................................................................................................... 9 Physical demands ............................................................................................................ 9
GENERAL RESOURCES REQUIRED TO DELIVER EFAR MODULES ...................................... 10
Training Staff ................................................................................................................ 10 Facilities and Equipment ................................................................................................. 10 Theory training facilities .................................................................................................. 10 Practical training facilities................................................................................................ 10 Training Equipment ........................................................................................................ 11
UNDERSTAND GWO LEARNING OBJECTIVES ................................................................. 12
Taxonomy ..................................................................................................................... 12
ADMINISTRATION AND CERTIFICATION OF EFAR MODULES ........................................... 15
Administrative arrangements ........................................................................................... 15 Delegate performance assessment ................................................................................... 15 Requirement to upload training record in WINDA ............................................................... 15 Training Providers own Records and Certificates issue ........................................................ 16
MODULE: ENHANCED FIRST AID REFRESHER (EFAR) ..................................................... 17
1.1 Aims and objectives of the EFAR Module ...................................................................... 17 1.2 Duration of the EFAR Module...................................................................................... 18 1.3 EFAR Trainer/Delegate Ratio ...................................................................................... 18 1.4 Equipment for the EFAR module ................................................................................. 19 1.5 EFAR Module Time Table ........................................................................................... 20 1.6 Detailed description of the EFAR Module ...................................................................... 22
Lesson 1 - Introduction ................................................................................................... 23 Lesson 2 - Risks/Hazards/Legislation ................................................................................ 24 Lesson 3 - Anatomy ....................................................................................................... 26 Lesson 4 - Management of an incident - National Emergency Response - Medical
Teleconsultation ............................................................................................................. 28 Lesson 5 - Lifesaving and Enhanced First Aid using primary and secondary survey ................. 30 Lesson 6 - Pain management and further possible medication ............................................. 40 Lesson 7 - Themes ......................................................................................................... 41 Lesson 8 - Scenario-based training................................................................................... 48 Lesson 9 - Evaluation ..................................................................................................... 50
1.7 Delegate performance assessment ......................................................................... 51
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ANNEX 1 - CONTROL MEASURES FORM (TEMPLATE) ...................................................... 52
ANNEX 2 - MEDICAL SELF-ASSESSMENT FORM (TEMPLATE) ........................................... 54
ANNEX 3 - EFA GUIDELINE: RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................... 55
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AED Automatic External Defibrillator
AHA American Heart Association
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AS/NZS Australia and New Zealand Standard
EFAR Basic and Enhanced First Aid Training Refresher
BST Basic Safety Training
BSTR Basic Safety Training Refresher
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CSA Canadian Standards Association
EFA Enhanced First Aid
EFAR Enhanced First Aid Refresher
EN European Standards
ERC European Resuscitation Council
GWO Global Wind Organisation
WTG Wind Turbine Generator
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CHANGE LOG
Table 1 - Change Log
Amendments
& Dates
Ver. Changes Approved by
& Dates
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SCOPE
The Global Wind Organisation (GWO) is an association of Wind Turbine owners and
manufacturers with the aim of supporting an injury-free work environment in the wind
industry. An objective of GWO is to develop common industry training and best practice
Standards for health and safety as a vital and necessary way forward to reduce risks for
personnel in the wind industry working on site and to reduce environmental risks across
Europe and the globe.
This Standard has been developed in response to the demand for recognizable Enhanced
First Aid (EFA) training in the industry and has been prepared in co-operation between
the members of GWO based on risk assessments and factual incident and accident
statistics pertaining to the installation, service and maintenance of wind turbine
generators and wind power plants.
This Standard describes the requirements for Enhanced First Aid Refresher training that
are recommended by the members of GWO. The members of the Global Wind
Organisation (GWO) recognize trained persons as competent within EFA in the wind
industry. GWO accepts the trained person as possessing the required knowledge, skills
and attitude to provide ongoing care to an ill or injured casualty over a short period of
time while waiting for professional emergency rescue teams to arrive.
Training is verified through the GWO database WINDA.
Where national legislation sets higher requirements for the specific training, the Training
Provider shall incorporate these requirements into the training program.
Additional training may be required for company or country specific reasons.
This standard has been developed by the GWO Training Committee. Disputes and
potential non-conformities should be brought to the attention of the GWO Audit and
Compliance Committee.
The standard has been approved by the GWO Steering Committee.
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GENERAL REQUIREMENT TO GWO ENHANCED FIRST
AID REFRESHER
The Enhanced First Aid offers two options to attend the training - see below figure 1.
New technicians can enter via the main EFA training which consists of Basic First Aid
(FA) and EFA elements and two certificates FA and EFA will be issued.
If you already have a GWO Basic First Aid (or refresher) FA (or FAR) certificate, you
have the option of taking the Refresher First Aid (FAR) combined with EFA training
elements and you will also receive two certificates EFAR and EFA after successful
completion of the training.
Figure 1 - Flowchart of EFA training process
• Delegates can join the main EFA training without prior basic FA training
• The Enhanced training EFA or EFAR includes all elements of the FA(R) training
module
• At the end of the training the Delegates receive both a FA(R) and EFA(R)
certificate
Target group Personnel who will be working in the wind industry or related fields and will have their
duties in a wind turbine environment, usually in physical contact with a wind turbine or
an offshore wind structure.
Personnel that is selected by their employer to perform Enhanced First Aid onshore or
offshore, where training according to the GWO Enhanced First Aid training may enable
them to react to incidents and thus mitigate the results of casualties deriving from the
identified risks.
The Annex 3 - EFA Guideline: Recommendations has been developed to assist employers
in determining who and how many should take the training.
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Aims and objectives The EFAR Training shall enable Delegates to support and care for others working in the
industry by possessing the knowledge, skills and attitude of Enhanced First Aid. Upon
completion of the GWOEFA Delegates will be able to administer safe, effective and
immediate lifesaving and enhanced first aid measures to save life and give assistance in
remote areas using advanced emergency equipment and medical teleconsultation.
Conformity with other Training The GWO EFAR standard sets out minimum requirements.
The modules, learning objectives, lessons and elements may be delivered in the order
that fits best for the specific training situation.
Provided the minimum requirements of the EFAR are met the Training Provider may
choose to incorporate delivery of other similar certified training.
Legal requirements The Training Provider shall identify whether national legislation sets additional
requirements for EFAR or prohibits delivery of certain elements.
If so, the Training Provider shall incorporate these identified requirements in the training
or cancel particular elements.
Duration and organisation of EFAR Module
Table 2 - Duration of Modules
Modules Duration (hours)
EFAR 16 hours
Within the module timetables, approximate duration of each of the lessons are given.
The training provider may choose to deliver elements of the training according to other
timetables, as long as the total duration is not reduced, and practical elements are not
reduced in length. Theoretical elements may be delivered during the practical exercises
when feasible.
Validity period The EFAR is valid for the period of 24 months as stated in the table below. Certificates
and training records shall be renewed before the end of a given validity period. A
certificate or training record can be renewed up to two months prior to expiry and
maintain the original certification date by uploading the previous certificate’s valid until
date in WINDA.
If a certificate or training record is renewed outside of two months of expiry, it must
carry the new date of certification.
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A Delegate is only allowed to attend a refresher course in the specific EFAR Training prior
to the date of expiry on the current certificate or training records.
If a certificate or training record is expired, the Delegate must attend the full Enhanced
First Aid training to obtain new training records in Basic and Enhanced First Aid.
The validity period is automatically calculated in WINDA by entering the course
completion date.
Table 3 - Certificate Validity of Course/Modules
Course/Modules Certificate Validity (Months)
EFAR 24 Months
Delegate prerequisites for the EFAR All personnel participating in Enhanced First Aid refresher shall be medically fit and
capable of fully participating.
Training providers shall have a procedure that requires Delegates to sign a statement
stating that they are medically fit to participate in the training and that they do not
suffer from any medical illness or are under influence of any narcotic substance or
alcohol. The Annex 2: Medical Self-Assessment Form shall be used if no other equivalent
procedure is in place.
Delegates’ signatures testifying to their medical fitness shall be collected prior to the
start of the Enhanced First Aid refresher course.
Furthermore, Delegates shall have created a personal Delegate profile in WINDA and
provide their own WINDA ID prior to completing the EFAR training.
EFA Refresher Training The GWO EFA training (Refresher) is to be refreshed continuously and regularly within
24 months in a total duration of 2 days (EFAR) supported by relevant drills and exercises
ref. Annex 3: EFA Guideline: Recommendations.
Physical demands EFAR Modules may potentially be physically demanding.
If there is any doubt regarding the medical fitness of any Delegate, the Training Provider
shall stop training the Delegate and seek a physician’s advice.
Note: Practical exercises shall be designed and delivered solely to meet this Standard
and shall not place any physical or mental demands on the Delegates other than those
required to meet this Standard.
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GENERAL RESOURCES REQUIRED TO DELIVER EFAR
MODULES
The Training Provider shall ensure that Staff, facilities and equipment are in place to
support the training of Delegates.
Training Staff The Instructor shall possess appropriate qualifications and experience to ensure that all
training and supportive activities are carried out in accordance with current legislation
and current CRITERIA FOR TRAINING PROVIDERS OFFERING GWO TRAINING.
Instructors must be:
• Trained in instructional/lecture techniques and/or have documented instructional/
teaching experience
• Continually trained medically and educationally in adequate time intervals
• Included in an on-going training program, which includes visits to onshore and/or
offshore wind turbine generators (WTG) (tower, nacelle, hub) prior to instructing
Enhanced First Aid training, to enable them to maintain and update skills related to
the courses they instruct. Instructors shall physically visit the tower, nacelle and hub
of WTGs
• Able to demonstrate competencies in pre-hospital emergency care with evidence of
practice e.g. a valid certificate for practicing a pre-hospital functions as medical
technician or similar
• Knowledgeable within medical teleconsultation.
All Staff shall possess the appropriate competencies to conduct/assist the elements of
training they have been assigned to.
Facilities and Equipment The full range of facilities and equipment relevant to the modules delivered shall be
available during the training. The following facilities criteria shall be adhered to.
Theory training facilities Facilities shall be designed to enable each Delegate to see, hear and fully participate in
the taught subject matter.
Practical training facilities All facilities shall be maintained and where appropriate, inspected and tested in
accordance with current national legislation and manufacturers’ recommendations.
Risk assessments shall be conducted and documented for all training facilities. The
Training Provider shall hold the required permits to operate the facilities.
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The learning process during "scenario-based training" is facilitated by identical or
comparable elements comparing the training environment and the delegates’ working
environment. Identical or comparable elements enhances the application of what is
learned.
The practical training facilities and a training environment are expected to incorporate as
many identical or comparable elements to a real wind turbine working environment as
possible.
The objective is that the practical training facility should enable each Delegate to
individually and/or as part of a team, see, hear and practice the taught subject matter in
such a way, that it resembles the working practices in a real wind turbine environment.
The facilities shall enable training to be executed by doing relevant work tasks end-to-
end under realistic simulated working procedures, and/or realistic simulated emergency
situations (fire, first aid, evacuation or casualty rescue) end-to-end scenarios in a real or
simulated wind turbine environment.
Training Equipment The required equipment for training shall be available and shall fulfil national legal
requirements.
The equipment shall be maintained, inspected and tested in accordance with current
national legislation and manufacturers’ recommendations. Risk assessments shall be
conducted and documented for all training equipment. The Training Provider shall hold
the required permits to operate relevant equipment.
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UNDERSTAND GWO LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The described learning objectives (expected learning outcome) are the foundation of the
course contents and what the delegate performance assessment must be based upon.
Traditionally learning objectives are prepared within three different domains of learning
– knowledge, skills and attitude. A learning objective describes the expected learning
outcome on completion of a module or a course, within one or more learning domains.
If a learning objective is related to more than one domain of learning, e.g. to knowledge
and skills, one learning objective per learning domain is often prepared – to enable a
better understanding of the learning objective.
The GWO Training Provider may apply teaching methods (didactics) that are appropriate
to the course participants prior training, education and cultural backgrounds, but should
always aim to provide course participants ample possibility to perform hands-on
demonstrations and learning reflection.
Taxonomy To formulate a measurable learning objective, taxonomy is used to describe the level of
expected learning outcome within a learning domain.
As an example belonging to the learning domain of knowledge, to have a delegate name
or recognize something, as oppose to have him explain it in his own words, or even
apply or demonstrate what he has learned – describes different performance levels, i.e.
different taxonomy levels.
Different taxonomies are associated with different learning domains, for instance:
Knowledge: such as Bloom’s “cognitive taxonomy”
• Intellectual knowledge, mental skills and procedures
Skills: such as Simpson’s “psychomotor taxonomy”
• Physical skills, cognitive controlled and observable
Attitude: such as Krathwohl’s “affective taxonomy”
• Attitude and feelings to the learning
Selecting a suitable taxonomy level, an action verb expresses the expected behavior of
the delegate, thus describing the taxonomy level of a learning objective.
Action verbs are usually highlighted in bold in this standard. The table below presents
the three learning domains with taxonomy level 1-3, provided with associated action
verbs applicable in the learning objective wording, defining the taxonomy level. In the
Enhanced First Aid refresher standard, the learning objectives are in general described
as level 2 or 3.
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Table 4 - Learning domains with taxonomy level 1-3.
Knowledge Skills Attitude
3 Application / Applying
To use in a new situation.
Solving problems by applying
acquired knowledge, facts,
techniques and rules in a
different way.
Applying a procedure to a
familiar or unfamiliar task.
Using a manual to calculate
and operate.
Action verbs
Apply, Change, Choose,
Compute, Modify, Operate,
Practice, Prepare, Schedule,
Solve, Write.
Guided response
Follows instructions to build a
model.
Using a tool after observing
an expert demonstrate
how to use it.
Be able to demonstrate an
activity to other learners.
Can complete the steps involved in the procedure as
directed.
Action verbs
Accomplish, Achieve,
Calibrate, Complete, Control, Demonstrate, Perform,
Refine, Show.
Value
Demonstrates belief in the
company described
process.
Shows the ability to solve
problems.
Informs management on matters that one feels
strongly about.
Decide worth and relevance
of ideas and tasks.
Action verbs
Argue, Challenge, Confront,
Complete, Debate, Criticize,
Justify, Join, Propose.
2 Comprehension /
Understanding
Construct a meaning from instructional messages,
including oral, written and
graphic communication.
Demonstrating basic
understanding of facts and
ideas.
Explain in your own words the steps of performing a
complex task.
Action verbs
Classify, Distinguish, Estimate, Explain, Express,
Give, Illustrate, Indicate,
Locate, Predict, Summarize,
Translate.
Set
Awareness or knowledge of
the ability needed
to use the skill.
Carry out tasks from verbal
or written instructions.
Showing eagerness to assemble components to
complete a task.
Knows and acts upon a
sequence of steps in a
process.
Action verbs
Access, Build, Complete,
Conduct, Execute,
Implement, Operate,
Perform, Recreate.
Respond
Completing work
assignments with highly respect
to the agreement.
Participating in team problem
solving activities.
Questions new ideas and
concepts in order to fully
understand them.
Participate actively and
respectful in discussions.
Showing enthusiasm.
Action verbs
Assist, Contribute, Discuss,
Present, Question, Report,
Respond, Tell, Write.
1 Knowledge /
Remembering
Memory of facts,
terminology, rules,
sequences, procedures, etc.
Locating knowledge in long-term memory and retrieving
Perception
Watch instructor and repeat
action, process
or activity.
Receive
Listening to discussions of
controversial issues
with an open mind.
Respecting the rights of
others.
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relevant knowledge from
long-term memory.
Action verbs
Arrange, Define, Describe, Find, Identify, List, Name,
Outline, Recognize, Relate,
Recall, Retrieve.
Recognizing sounds or
pictures that indicate certain
functionalities.
Estimate the event of a certain function and be
prepared for it.
Action verbs
Attempt, Copy, Duplicate,
Follow, Organize, Repeat, Sketch, Replicate,
Reproduce.
Listen to others and
remember their
opinions.
Be positive and creative to
what is being taught.
Action verbs
Ask, Be open to,
Concentrate, Discuss, Focus,
Follow, Listen, Reply, Take
part.
Note: Higher taxonomy levels exist.
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ADMINISTRATION AND CERTIFICATION OF EFAR
MODULES
Administrative arrangements Appropriate for the enrolment and certification of Delegates and all aspects of the
delivery of training shall be in accordance with this Standard.
Delegate performance assessment Delegates will be assessed by means of direct observation and supplementary oral
questions where appropriate (formative evaluation).
Throughout the entire course the instructor will enforce the Delegate Assessment Form
(see annex 1) and adhere to it, accordingly, with a high focus on evaluating the
Delegate’s practical skills.
The Trainer keeps a Delegate Assessment Form (or adaptation) for each Delegate until
the completion / evaluation of the EFAR Module.
The Delegate Assessment Form (or adaption) is a final evaluation tool for the instructors
to assess Delegates during practical elements. It allows measurement of the number of
violations in regard to safety, competency, or attitude.
It shall be used as a progressive evaluation tool to discuss the performance of a
Delegate in guiding them to success and it also serves as supporting documentation if a
Delegate passes or fails the Module. If a Delegate fails to meet the demands of the EFAR
module, they shall attend a new EFAR Module.
Training Provider may adapt the Delegate Assessment Form to other media. Training
Providers shall have a documented procedure in place for dealing with Delegates not
meeting the stated learning outcomes.
Requirement to upload training record in WINDA Training Providers are responsible for uploading a record of training to WINDA, the GWO
online database of training records. This must be done as soon as possible and no later
than 10 working days after completion of the training program.
Each record shall contain the following:
1) Delegate’s WINDA ID
2) Course code
3) Course completion date
Course codes:
Enhanced First Aid Refresher EFAR
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Training Providers own Records and Certificates issue
The Training Provider shall in accordance with the criteria for Training Provider maintain
own records of Delegates.
Upon request from GWO or any of the members of GWO, the Training Provider shall be
able to verify the training and competence records of any specific personnel either
attending a course and/or performing training of a course by name and nationality.
Training providers may issue other additional proof of training, e.g. as paper certificate
or plastic cards. If the training provider chooses to do so, it is recommended (not a
requirement) to include the delegate WINDA id.
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MODULE: ENHANCED FIRST AID REFRESHER (EFAR)
1.1 Aims and objectives of the EFAR Module The aim of this EFAR Module is to review and build on previously gained knowledge and
skills from BST First Aid or to refresh current EFA skills through theoretical and practical
training so that Delegates can administer safe and effective Enhanced First Aid in the
wind industry.
The EFAR Module shall ensure that the following objectives are covered:
• Local legislation/risks/hazards and demands to ensure knowledge of the roles,
responsibilities and rules that apply to Enhanced First Aid in Remote Areas
• The importance of carrying out basic and enhanced First Aid in a safe and sound
manner, in accordance with the legislative requirements of their geographic location
and according to European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and American Heart
Association (AHA) guidelines
• Identifying and explaining normal function, normal signs and symptoms of serious
and minor injuries and illness related to the human body
• Demonstrating understanding and correct order of management in an emergency
situation in a Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) environment
• Delivering immediate enhanced first aid to stabilise the casualty, to include but not
limited to:
• Stopping life-threatening bleeding
• Establishing and maintaining an airway
• Knowing the indications for and the use of Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
• Using basic and advanced First Aid equipment in a First Aid scenario
• Resuscitation
• Using standardised methodologies, specifically
the Primary and Secondary Survey - based on the "C"-A-B-C-D-E principle
• Assessing the casualty, for injury or acute illness, to determine if medical advice and
external-to-incident support is required; to include but not limited to:
• Life-threatening bleeding, circulatory disorder
• Impaired consciousness
• Compromised airway, breathing, too slow or too fast
• Immediate life-threatening illnesses and other health problems especially with
severe pain
• Requesting telemedical consultation and medical/rescue assistance
providing a concise and relevant report of the casualty’s condition and obtaining
medical advice to further stabilise the casualty by using:
• Telemedical consultation through National resources (e.g. Coastguard)
• Telemedical consultation through private contractor (where established)
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• Requesting immediate medical/rescue assistance providing a concise and relevant
report of the casualty’s condition
• Preparing the casualty for transfer to nominated evacuation/rescue point, including:
• Immobilisation where required or other non-medical mitigation e.g. cooling gels
• Understanding the complexity and restrictions of medical pain relief and the role
of clinical governance in the control of medication
• Accompanying the casualty, if required, to suitable medical facility and formally
hand over the casualty
• Escorting the casualty to the nominated evacuation/rescue point providing
continued enhanced first aid
• Acting as a leader in first aid situations
• Administering safe, effective and immediate lifesaving and enhanced first aid
measures to save life and give assistance in remote areas using advanced
emergency equipment and medical teleconsultation, while having particular regard
for personal-protection
1.2 Duration of the EFAR Module The optimal total time for completing this EFAR Module is estimated to be 16 hours,
including meals and breaks.
This EFAR training shall focus on the access and egress conditions encountered in wind
turbine environments. The practical skills shall be trained and demonstrated in a
restricted area of movement and all elements of the course shall be covered by
demonstration and practical exercises, where possible.
If this training is part of a programme of longer duration, the total contact time per day
shall not exceed 8 hours and the total training day shall not exceed 10 hours. The total
training day includes contact time, refreshment and meal breaks and travel between
training sites, where applicable. It shall be ensured that everyone is given the
opportunity to share their opinions and experiences, where possible.
Ensure that Delegates with prior experience share their experiences related to
(Enhanced) First Aid in a way that is constructive for the entire class.
1.3 EFAR Trainer/Delegate Ratio • The ratio shown for theory sessions indicates the maximum number of Delegates
that can attend the course.
• The ratio shown for practical sessions indicates the maximum number of Delegates
to be supervised by one instructor during each activity.
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Module Session Trainer –
Delegate Ratio
EFAR Module
Theory 1:12
Practical 1:6
1.4 Equipment for the EFAR module The following equipment is required during the entire duration of this EFAR Training to
meet the needs of the EFAR First Aid Training Module:
1) Torso anatomy dummy
2) Airway model
3) Resuscitation dummies - adult and child (e.g. for ventilation, laryngeal tubes, AED
use, immobilization)
4) First Aid equipment
5) First Aid bag
6) Make - up kit for First Aid scenarios
7) AED (Automated External Defibrillator) according to national best practise
8) Bag valve mask incl. accessories, national best practise airway devices e.g. laryngeal
tubes (sizes. 4/5), supraglottic airway device, oropharyngeal tube, manual suction
device
9) Pulse oximeter for heart rate monitoring
10) Trauma pressure dressing, haemostatic agents/dressings, tourniquet
11) Eyewash fluid
12) Medications e.g. analgesic, cooling gel (exercise samples without active ingredients)
13) Splint material, basic immobilisation, pelvic sling, chest seals
14) Cervical immobilizer according to national best practice
15) Blankets and/or chemical active warming blanket
16) Equipment for medical teleconsultation
17) Suitable media (e.g. videos)
18) Stretcher/spineboard
In order to comply with national legislation and Standards, the equipment supplied and
used by staff and Delegates shall follow the appropriate guidelines, e. g.:
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Europe - EN UK - BS
USA - ANSI Canada - CSA
Australia and New Zealand - AS/NZS Asia - ANSI / EN
Note: All equipment shall be maintained and where appropriate, inspected and tested in accordance with
current national standards/legislation and manufacturers’ recommendations.
1.5 EFAR Module Time Table The order in which the elements of this EFAR training Module are delivered may vary.
Within the module timetables, approximate duration of each of the lessons are given.
The training provider may choose to deliver elements of the training according to other
timetables, as long as the total duration is not reduced, and practical elements are not
reduced in length. Theoretical elements may be delivered during the practical exercises
when feasible.
Lesson Element Approximate
Duration (min.)
1 Introduction 1.1 Safety instructions and emergency
procedures
1.2 Facilities
1.3 Introduction
1.4 Scope and main objectives
1.5 On-going assessments (Delegate
Assessment Form)
1.6 Motivation
TOTAL 15 min.
2 Risks/Hazards/Legislation 2.1 Risks and hazards
2.2 First Aid guidelines and emergency
plans
2.3 National legislation
2.4 Global legislation
TOTAL 15 min.
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3 Anatomy 3.1 The human body’s life conditions,
structure, function and signs
3.2 Understanding of personal hygiene
TOTAL 40 min.
4 Management of an
incident - National Emergency Response -
Medical Teleconsultation
4.1 Safety awareness in an emergency
situation
4.2 Management of an incident
4.3 Emergency Rescue Teams, Emergency
Calls and Medical Teleconsultation
TOTAL 50 min.
5 Lifesaving and Enhanced
First Aid using Primary and Secondary
Survey
5.1 "C" – A – B – C – D – E – Principle
5.2 Primary Survey
5.3 “C”: Critical bleeding
5.4 A: Airway
5.5 B: Breathing
5.6 C: Circulation
5.7 Secondary Survey
5.8 D: Disability
5.9 E: Environment/Exposure
5.10 Psychological First Aid
TOTAL 280 min.
6 Pain management and further possible
medication
6.1 Application algorithm
6.2 Further Possible Medication
TOTAL 40 min.
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7 Themes Choose one of the following 5 themes for
instruction
7.1 Theme 1:
Psychological effects of First Aid
7.2 Theme 2:
Sudden sickness and environmental
factors
7.3 Theme 3:
Types of trauma
7.4 Theme 4:
Incident management and situational
awareness
7.5 Theme 5:
Complex incidents with several (2-5)
casualties
TOTAL 100 min.
8 Scenario-based training 8.1 Practice First Aid techniques
TOTAL 245 min.
9 Evaluation 9.1 Summary
9.2 Evaluation
9.3 Training records
TOTAL 15 min.
GRAND TOTAL 800 min.
1.6 Detailed description of the EFAR Module The learning outcomes specified for the EFAR Module are:
Note: The administrative part of the registration should be carried out before the course commences.
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LESSON 1 - INTRODUCTION
15 min.
The aim of this lesson is to give the Delegates the needed awareness of the Refresher
Course content and the facilities involved in order to ensure that all Delegates are aware
of what to expect and what is expected of them during the course.
To successfully complete this lesson of the EFAR Module, Delegates shall be aware of:
• Safety instructions and emergency procedures
• Facilities
• Introduction
• Scope and main learning objectives
• On-going assessment (Delegate Assessment Form)
• Motivation
ELEMENT 1.1 - SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
The Instructor shall explain:
Safety instructions according to internal procedures
Emergency procedures and emergency exits for the areas the Delegates will
be located during the course
ELEMENT 1.2 - FACILITIES
The Instructor shall explain:
General description of the facilities at the training location (Administration,
dining area, restrooms, toilets, etc.)
ELEMENT 1.3 - INTRODUCTION
The Instructor shall give:
A short introduction, including their backgrounds as instructors
Delegates shall give:
A short introduction, including job function and expected primary geographic
work location
The Instructor shall explain:
The programme of the EFAR Module, including breaks and meal times
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ELEMENT 1.4 - SCOPE AND MAIN OBJECTIVES
The Instructor shall explain:
Scope and main objectives of this EFAR Module
ELEMENT 1.5 - ON-GOING ASSESMENTS (DELEGATE ASSESSMENT FORM)
The Instructor shall explain:
1.5.1 The reasons for the on-going assessment
1.5.2 GWO Delegate Assessment and their use
ELEMENT 1.6 - MOTIVATION
The Instructor shall explain:
1.6.1 The importance of personal involvement in the course
1.6.2 The definition and need for correct Enhanced First Aid
1.6.3 Chain of survival
1.6.4 The importance of refreshing and building on previously acquired
understanding, knowledge and skills in First Aid
LESSON 2 - RISKS/HAZARDS/LEGISLATION
15 min
The aim of this lesson is to refresh and increase Delegates’ previously acquired
knowledge of the relevant risks/hazards/legislation and demands of First Aid in order to
improve their awareness of the roles, responsibilities and rules that apply to First Aid.
To successfully complete this lesson of the EFAR Module, Delegates shall be able to:
• Explain risks and hazards relating to (Enhanced) First Aid in a WTG environment as
well as relating to remote areas with dangerous locations/tasks
• Explain various First Aid guidelines – (e.g. ERC and AHA) in the context of
(Enhanced) First Aid in a WTG environment
• Summarize national legislation relevant to (Enhanced) First Aid
• Recognize global legislation relevant to (Enhanced) First Aid
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ELEMENT 2.1 - RISK AND HAZARDS
The Instructor shall lead the discussion on:
Risks and hazards involved in an incident relevant for job functions within the
wind industry: Difficulties in Management of accidents /emergencies / survival
in remote areas
Dependency on site organisation, types of activity, work location and
personnel
Onshore
Offshore
Remote areas in general
ELEMENT 2.2 - FIRST AID GUIDELINES
The Instructor shall explain:
2.2.1 Recent changes/updates to guidelines from ERC and AHA*
*If ERC and/or AHA guidelines have changed, these changes shall be discussed during this EFAR Module
ELEMENT 2.3 - NATIONAL LEGISLATION
The Instructor shall explain:
Recent changes/updates to national legislation
Recent changes/updates to national legal requirements
Recent changes/updates to national legal responsibilities
Recent changes/updates to the role of First Aid in the wind industry
ELEMENT 2.4 - GLOBAL LEGISLATION
The Instructor shall explain:
Refreshing site organisation and types of units on a site and using of the
Delegates’ personal practical experiences
Recent changes/updates to global legislation
Recent changes/updates to global legal responsibilities
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LESSON 3 - ANATOMY
30 min
The aim of this lesson is to refresh and increase Delegates’ previously acquired
knowledge and skills regarding the human body. Delegates will be able to identify and
explain normal bodily function, signs, symptoms and functions of major and minor
injuries and illness related to the human body.
To successfully complete this EFAR Module, Delegates shall be able to demonstrate:
• Understanding of the human body’s life conditions, structures, functions and signs
• Knowledge and skills for detecting abnormal signs, symptoms and functions of
serious and minor injuries
• Knowledge and skills for detecting abnormal signs, symptoms and functions of
serious and minor illness related to the human body
• Understanding of anatomy and First Aid in emergency situations
• Understanding of personal hygiene
ELEMENT 3.1 - THE HUMAN BODY’S LIFE CONDITIONS, STRUCTURES, FUNCTIONS AND SIGNS
Delegates shall explain and demonstrate:
3.1.1 Normal life conditions for the human body
3.1.1.1. Human cells and life conditions
3.1.1.2. Cells and Oxygen (O2)
3.1.1.3. Role of carbon dioxide (CO2) on cells
3.1.1.4. Vital organs and their requirements
Vital systems of the human body
3.1.2.1. Nervous system
3.1.2.2. Respiratory system
3.1.2.3. Circulatory system
3.1.2.4. Other systems and organs
Nervous system
3.1.3.1. Anatomy of the nervous system
3.1.3.2. Structure, functions and normal signs
3.1.3.3. Threats to the nervous system
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Respiratory system
3.1.4.1. Anatomy of the respiratory system
3.1.4.2. Structure, functions and normal signs
3.1.4.3. Threats to the respiratory system
Circulatory system
3.1.5.1. Anatomy of the circulatory system
3.1.5.2. Structure, functions and normal signs
3.1.5.3. Threats to the circulatory system
Other systems and vital organs of the human body
3.1.6.1. Anatomy of vital organs
3.1.6.2. Structure and functions
3.1.6.3. Threats to vital organs
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
If Delegates do not cover all points during their review, the Instructor shall
ensure that following topics are covered:
3.1.7.1. Life conditions, structure, function and signs of the human
body
3.1.7.2. Serious and minor injuries - signs, symptoms and function
3.1.7.3. Serious and minor illness - signs symptoms and function
3.1.7.4. Use of anatomy and First Aid in emergency situations
ELEMENT 3.2 - UNDERSTANDING OF PERSONAL HYGIENE
The Instructor shall explain:
3.2.1 Personal hygiene
3.2.1.1. As a First Aider
3.2.1.2. Protection and use of barriers in emergency situations
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LESSON 4 - MANAGEMENT OF AN INCIDENT - NATIONAL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE - MEDICAL TELECONSULTATION
50 min
The aim of this lesson is to give the Delegates the knowledge, skills and attitude to
demonstrate understanding and correct order of management of emergencies
(accident/illness) in remote areas.
To successfully complete this lesson, Delegates shall be able to:
• Understand personal hazards to rescue personnel and victim associated with
emergency situations and apply knowledge and skills for safety awareness
• Perform skills to take FA-measures with regard for personal protection
• Show knowledge about core aspects of psychological care in first aid situations
• Demonstrate understanding and skills to approach and manage different emergency
situations
• Demonstrate understanding of the principles of the ACT Method (Assess,
Communicate, Triage) and recognize the importance of raising the alarm before
starting first aid
• Demonstrate skills on how to ensure the rescue of injured persons and their removal
from the immediate hazard area to the nearest safe location
• Conduct proper emergency calls in a remote situation
• Distinguish and use of the adequate measures given by the chain of survival
• Transfer understanding of functions and support from Emergency Rescue Teams in
WTG environments
• Use clear communication in a team setting
• Administer Enhanced First Aid via medical teleconsultation
ELEMENT 4.1 - SAFETY AND AWARENESS IN AN EMERGENCY SITUATION
The instructor shall lead a discussion on:
"Safety first"
Appropriate safety behavior and awareness as an Enhanced First Aider in a
WTG
The risks and hazards of working in the wind industry with special focus on
remote locations and the chain of survival
How to spot and stop hazardous rescue situations
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Safety for all persons involved in an accident
The core aspects of psychological care in first aid situations
ELEMENT 4.2 - MANAGEMENT OF AN INCIDENT
The instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
Managing an incident
4.2.1.1. How to follow an efficient and correct First Aid structure
4.2.1.2. Analysis and management of an incident
4.2.1.3. Different emergency situations in the wind industry
4.2.1.4. Call for help - challenges onshore
4.2.1.5. Call for help - challenges offshore
4.2.1.6. Moving or not moving a casualty in different emergency
situations (risks of e. g. fire, water versus deteriorating injuries)
4.2.1.7. How to move and place a casualty (depending on injuries, ref:
lesson 5)
4.2.1.8. How to move and place a casualty in the recovery position
Delegates shall explain and demonstrate:
Managing an incident
4.2.2.1. How to follow an efficient and correct First Aid structure
4.2.2.2. Analysis and management of an incident
4.2.2.3. Different emergency situations in the wind industry
4.2.2.4. Call for help - challenges onshore
4.2.2.5. Call for help - challenges offshore
4.2.2.6. Moving a casualty with two First Aiders
4.2.2.7. Moving a casualty alone
ELEMENT 4.3 - EMERGENCY RESCUE TEAMS, EMERGENCY CALLS AND MEDICAL
TELECONSULTATION
The instructor shall explain:
4.3.1 Emergency Rescue Teams
4.3.1.1. Functions of Emergency Rescue Teams
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4.3.1.2. Co-operation with Emergency Rescue Teams
4.3.1.3. Challenges for Emergency Rescue Team on site
Skills for supporting professional emergency services
The means of “bridging the time” while waiting for professional help to arrive
The use of the principles of ACT Method (Assess, Communicate, Triage)
The principles of emergency calls in accordance with emergency response
plans
The means and use of medical teleconsultation focusing on the current and
future applicability and technical infrastructure
The administering of First Aid measures via medical teleconsultation
Delegates shall practise and demonstrate:
A proper emergency call in a remote situation
The use of medical teleconsultation and communication media
Performance of First Aid measures in representative work setting comparable
to specific remote locations including the use of medical teleconsultation
LESSON 5 - LIFESAVING AND ENHANCED FIRST AID USING PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SURVEY
280 min.
The aim of this lesson is to give the Delegates knowledge, skills and steps to follow a
methodical sequence to identify and treat life threatening time critical injuries and
illnesses. Delegates shall be able to demonstrate correct use of Lifesaving and Enhanced
First Aid using the "C"-A-B-C-D-E principle during primary and secondary survey
supported by teleconsultation. Further aim of this lesson is to give the Delegates
confidence and skills to be able to deliver immediate enhanced first aid to stabilize the
casualty and to perform basic life support with the help of additional FA equipment, such
as supplemental respiratory aids and the use of an Automatic External Defibrillator
(AED).
Delegates shall receive the knowledge and skills to be able to assess, assist and provide
the necessary First Aid to special incidents frequently occurring after injuries/accidents
or during illnesses.
To successfully complete this lesson, Delegates shall be able to:
• Understand the principles of Primary and Secondary survey
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• Assess a casualty using the Primary and Secondary Survey
• Immediate First Aid actions using Primary and Secondary Survey and the "C"-A-B-C-
D-E- principle
• Treatment of Catastrophic external haemorrhage "C" critical bleeding
• Deliver correct First Aid for obstruction of airways - establish and maintain an airway
• Implement the required recovery position, dependent on the status
• Correct First Aid to an unresponsive and breathing/not breathing casualty
• Perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
• Understand the capabilities, the different technical specifications and safe use of
AEDs
• Understand the enhanced use of AED through help of medical teleconsultation
• Provide knowledge of the benefits of airway management devices during
resuscitation (resuscitation bag incl. accessories, pocket mask, laryngeal tube)
• Apply techniques to assess circulation (e.g. pulse oximeter for heart rate monitoring)
• Deliver correct First Aid for external and internal bleeding
• Deliver correct First Aid for shock
• Identify signs and symptoms of serious and minor injuries and illnesses
• Deliver Enhanced First Aid for acute illnesses of deteriorated disorders/diseases
which are critical in terms of time
• Understand psychological First Aid
ELEMENT 5.1 - THE "C"- A-B-C-D-E- PRINCIPLE
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
Meaning of the "C"- A-B-C-D-E- principle
Procedure of Primary and Secondary Survey
ELEMENT 5.2 - PRIMARY SURVEY
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
Conditions and procedure of Primary survey comprising assessment of risks
and threats for First Aider and victim, safety awareness, rescue measures,
emergency call
First approach using the “C”-A-B-C-D-E-principle as steps to follow a
methodical sequence to identify and treat life threatening time critical injuries
and illnesses
Check for response ("look, listen, feel") to find out: alert - voice/pain
responsive - unresponsive
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The Delegates shall practice and demonstrate:
Delivering Enhanced Life Saving First Aid using the "C"-A-B-C-D-E principle
during primary survey supported by teleconsultation.
ELEMENT 5.3 - "C" CRITICAL BLEADING
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate
Haemostasis of Critical/Catastrophic external hemorrhage:
Threat and detection of catastrophic bleeding
Haemostasis using algorithm-oriented procedures
Correct treatment of a casualty with catastrophic external hemorrhage
including the use of normal and enhanced first aid equipment:
o Direct pressure
o Pressure dressings
o Haemostatic agents/dressings
o Tourniquets
ELEMENT 5.4 - A: AIRWAY
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
Obstruction of airways, respiratory disorders
Reasons for obstruction of airways, breathing - not breathing
Threats
First Aid to an unresponsive, breathing casualty
Adults and children
Placing of a casualty in the recovery position (lying) and use of the rescue
blanket
The Delegates shall practise and demonstrate:
Checking airways
Response and slowdown of casualties
Removal of occluding objects
Recovery position - single First Aider
Recovery position - two First Aiders
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ELEMENT 5.5 - B: BREATHING - CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate facilitation of breathing:
Casualty position needed to facilitate breathing
Casualties not breathing, unresponsive
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) through the use of training dummies:
Reasons for being unresponsive and not breathing
Threats
Performing CPR on adults - single First Aider
correct use of AED and ventilatory equipment
Performing CPR on adults - two First Aiders
correct use of AED and ventilatory equipment
The capabilities and the different technical specifications of AEDs
AED safety procedures including environment conditions (wet, metallic)
Correct treatment of a casualty who requires ventilatory support including:
o Use of a pocket face mask
o Use of a bag valve mask
o Use of suction
Correct treatment of a casualty with an obstructed airway using the following
national best practice airway management devices (according to
country/company regulations):
o Oropharyngeal tube (Guedel) and/or
o Supraglottic airway and/or
o Laryngeal tubes (sizes 4/5)
o Bag valve mask resuscitation
o Mouth-mask resuscitation (pocket face mask)
o Placing the laryngeal tube and/or supraglottic airway
Delegates shall practice and demonstrate:
Performing CPR on adults - single First Aider correct use of AED and
ventilatory equipment
Performing CPR on adults - two First Aiders correct use of AED and ventilatory
equipment
Treatment of a casualty who requires ventilatory support using advanced First
Aid equipment/airway management devices:
o Bag valve mask resuscitation
o Mouth-mask resuscitation (pocket face mask)
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o Laryngeal tube and/or supraglottic airway
Reanimation with correct use of resuscitation equipment and help of medical
teleconsultation, enhanced using an AED as well as inserting supraglottic
airway and/or the laryngeal tube (2 care-giver method)
Note: Resuscitation According to the European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for
Resuscitation
ELEMENT 5.6 - C: CIRCULATION
Instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
Circulation - Assessment techniques
Skin colour
Capillary refilling time
Pulse
Correct functioning and informative value of a pulse oximeter for heart rate
monitoring
Bleeding, external
Reasons for external bleeding
Threats
Use of advanced First Aid equipment
The Delegates shall practice and demonstrate:
First Aid when a casualty is bleeding externally
Bandaging
Use of advanced First Aid equipment
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
Bleeding, internal
Reasons for internal bleeding
Threats
Use of medical teleconsultation
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The Delegates shall practice and demonstrate:
First Aid when a casualty is bleeding internally
Recurring surveys
Identify and treat shock (see 5.5.6)
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
Shock
Reasons for shock
Types of shock
Threats
Recurring surveys
Use of advanced First Aid equipment
First Aid to shock
The Delegates shall practice and demonstrate:
Use of advanced First Aid equipment
First aid treatment of shock
The Instructor shall explain and give examples on:
Acute illnesses of deteriorated disorders/diseases
Heart attacks, strokes, seizure disorders, suspension syncope and other
casualties out of general or internal medicine, which are critical in terms of
time
The reasons, frequency and risks of these diseases
Minor incident in an escalating to a serious incident
FAST-schema (Face, Arms, Speech, Time) as assessment for
stroke
Necessity of support by medical teleconsultation
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Discuss the difficulties of EFA
The Instructor shall show the procedure and value of:
Taking care of the casualty / psychological FA-techniques
Contacting professional rescue personnel nearby
Using medical teleconsultation services for advice on pain management and
medication (ref. lesson 6)
The Delegates shall explain and practise:
Assessment of stroke following FAST schema (see 5.6.7.4)
Continuous monitoring of casualty in cases of deteriorated disorders
Early use of medical teleconsultation services
ELEMENT 5.7 - SECONDARY SURVEY
The Instructor shall explain:
The general conditions of secondary survey using the A-B-C-D-E - principle
without "C"
The A - B – C - D – E- principle in the context of the secondary survey
The differences between/indications for sitting, lying and shock position
(conscious/unconscious) and the importance of keeping up body temperature
ELEMENT 5.8 - D: DISABILITY
Consciousness
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate 3 stages of consciousness:
Conscious with adequate reactions to questions and situations, alert
Inappropriate behavior and reactions, but awake (e. g. after stroke, drugs
etc.)
Unconscious without any reactions, unresponsive
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The Delegates shall be able to:
Distinguish the 3 stadiums of Consciousness
Perform adequate FA measures
Damages and poisoning through contact with chemical / biological agents
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate toxic / allergic symptoms of the body:
Assessment of different reactions of the body
Immediate first aid measures
The need of medical teleconsultation for further treatment
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate superficial chemical burn of skin / eye
injury:
Align with emergency / company physician because of removal/antidote
Application of bandages and the use of an eyewash bottle
The Delegates shall perform:
Washing/removal procedure and sterile dressing
Application of bandages and the use of an eyewash bottle
Bone fractures and injuries to joints/muscles
The instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
Body check: Examination of the casualty from head to toe (skull, thorax,
upper extremities, abdomen, spinal column, hips, lower extremities)
How to take measures to immobilize and perform proper axial, pain-relieving
positioning
Rest - Ice - Compression - Elevation (R - I -C - E) method
Serious chest injuries and their management, including the use of chest seals
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The Delegates shall recognize and assist:
The use of splints, spineboard and other immobilization/stabilization materials
(e.g. pelvic sling)
Positioning with head injuries
ELEMENT 5.9 - E: ENVIRONMENT/EXPOSURE
Hypothermia/Hyperthermia and Heat Stroke
The Instructor shall explain:
The stages of hypothermia and hyperthermia and the appropriate measures
The difference between heat exhaustion/heat stroke
The use of active warming blankets
Cooling measures for heat exhaustion/heat stroke
The Delegates shall explain and recognize:
The dangers of hypothermia and how to take appropriate measures
The difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke
The use of active warming blankets
Drowning and water immersion
The Instructor shall explain:
Stages and threats of water immersion:
• Cold shock
• Physical incapacitation
• Hypothermia
• Collapse: just before, during, or just after rescue
First aid depending on the symptoms of the casualty:
Continuous monitoring of the causality with the support of teleconsultation
because of possible deteriorating stages
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The Delegates shall explain and describe:
Correct actions for those recovered from water immersion
Threats and necessity of medical teleconsultation support
Burn
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
Cooling measures
Application of a burn dressing
The Delegates shall perform:
Application of a burn dressing
Bite Wounds
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
Severe, possible secondary infected bite wounds, e. g. by dogs
Bites for example of bats or raccoons possibly transmitting viral diseases like
rabies
Snake bites with toxins
The Delegates shall be able to:
Distinguish different forms / threats of bites
Know importance of companies OHS strategy depending on assessment on site
Use advice of medical teleconsultation services
ELEMENT 5.10 - PSYCHOLOGICAL FIRST AID
The Instructor shall explain aspects of Psychological First Aid:
Reactions to an unusual situation/ extreme event, and how to mitigate
abnormal reactions
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Behaviour to a casualty
To the surroundings and next of kin
LESSON 6 - PAIN MANAGEMENT AND FURTHER POSSIBLE
MEDICATION
40 min.
The overall aim of this lesson is to give the Delegates an understanding of the
complexity and restrictions of medical pain relief and the role of clinical governance in
the control of medication. Depending on enhanced FA-Equipment (especially drugs for
medication on site after release through the emergency-call-physician) EFA can apply
knowledge of legal medication in casualties and administering appropriate medication to
the victims.
Note: Practical content of equipment for EFA should be supplemented at the request of
the company physician, especially application of other medication according to national
regulations.
To successfully complete this lesson of the EFA Module, Delegates shall be able to:
• Master the application algorithm for pain management
• Administer safe and correct further possible medication via medical teleconsultation
ELEMENT 6.1 - APPLICATION ALGORITHM OF PAIN MANAGEMENT
The instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
6.1.1 Numerical rating scale for pain
6.1.2 Non-medicinal treatment according to the step-scheme of pain relief
6.1.3 Clarification of prerequisites for the application of medicinal pain relief
through the emergency-call physician
Delegates shall be able to demonstrate:
6.1.4 Correct management of a casualty in pain including:
6.1.5 Assessment of pain using numerical rating scale for pain
6.1.6 Performance of non-medicinal treatment according to the step-scheme of
pain relief
6.1.7 Clarification of prerequisites for the application of medicinal pain relief
through the emergency-call physician
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6.1.8 Correctly perform the administering of appropriate analgesia via medical
teleconsultation (integrated in a WTG-related scenario by using a telecommunication
system)
ELEMENT 6.2 - FURTHER POSSIBLE MEDICATION
The instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
6.2.1 The general requirements for application of medications in casualties
6.2.2 The knowledge of the action and side-effects of medication, as far as
available for EFA
6.2.3 Clarification of prerequisites for the application of medication after release
through the emergency-call physician
Delegates shall be able to demonstrate:
6.2.4 Correct management of medication administering through the use of
medical teleconsultation
LESSON 7 - THEMES
80 min.
This lesson presents 5 themes (situations or factors) that may significantly affect the
response and management of First Aid incidents in Wind Turbine environments.
The aim of this lesson is to give the Delegates the knowledge, skills and understanding
presented in one of the 5 themes.
The course Instructor shall select one of the 5 themes to teach during the EFAR
Training.
Theme 1 - Psychological effects of First Aid:
To successfully complete this EFAR Module Theme 1, Delegates shall be able to
demonstrate:
(1) Knowledge of how administering (Enhanced) First Aid during an incident
psychologically affects the Enhanced First Aider
(2) Knowledge of how to give psychological (Enhanced) First Aid to the
Enhanced First Aider (Person administering Enhanced First Aid)
▪ Immediately after an incident (short-term impacts on the
Enhanced First Aider)
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▪ After an incident (long-term impacts on the Enhanced First
Aider)
(3) Knowledge of tools an Enhanced First Aider can use to evaluate whether
they can give psychological (Enhanced) First Aid or if they need to
contact professional help
(4) Knowledge of where Enhanced First Aiders can receive psychological help
(company-specific internal and external psychological help)
Theme 2 - Sudden sickness and environmental factors:
To successfully complete this EFAR Module Theme 2, Delegates shall be able to
demonstrate:
(1) Knowledge of and skills for responding to sudden sickness and
environmental factors, that affect the central nervous system
(2) Knowledge of and skills for responding to sudden sickness and
environmental factors that affect the respiratory system
(3) Knowledge of and skills for responding to sudden sickness and
environmental factors that affect the circulatory system
Theme 3 - Types of trauma:
To successfully complete this EFAR First Aid Module Theme 3, Delegates shall be able to
demonstrate:
(1) Knowledge of and skills for managing and responding to trauma incidents
that affect the central nervous system
(2) Knowledge of and skills for managing and responding to trauma incidents
that affect the respiratory system
(3) Knowledge of and skills for managing and responding to trauma incidents
that affect the circulatory system
Theme 4 - Incident management and situational awareness:
To successfully complete this EFAR Module Theme 4, Delegates shall be able to
demonstrate:
(1) Knowledge, skills for and understanding of incident management and
situational awareness in a wind turbine environment, onshore
(2) Knowledge, skills for and understanding of incident management and
situational awareness in a wind turbine environment, offshore
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Theme 5 - Complex incidents with several (2-5) casualties:
To successfully complete this EFAR Module Theme 5, Delegates shall be able to
demonstrate:
(1) Knowledge of and understanding for managing and effectively carrying
out Enhanced First Aid during complex incidents with several (2 - 5)
casualties in a wind turbine work environment
(2) Knowledge of and understanding of situational awareness and
psychological effects of managing and administering Enhanced First Aid
during complex incidents with several (2 - 5) casualties in a wind turbine
work environment
ELEMENT 7.1 - THEME 1: PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF (ENHANCED) FIRST AID
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
Psychological effects of administering (Enhanced First) Aid for Enhanced First
Aider (person administering Enhanced First Aid)
Psychological consequences of administering Enhanced First Aid
7.1.2.1. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after administering
First Aid
7.1.2.2. Tools First Aiders can use to minimise psychological impacts of
administering First Aid
7.1.2.3. Where Enhanced First Aiders can receive help for coping with
psychological effects (including PTSD) of administering Enhanced First
Aid
7.1.2.4. How Enhanced First Aiders can evaluate whether they can
administer psychological (Enhanced) First Aid or if they need to contact
professional help
Delegates shall explain and demonstrate:
Psychological effects of administering (Enhanced) First Aid for Enhanced First
Aider
7.1.3.1. Psychological consequences of administering (Enhanced) First
Aid
7.1.3.2. PTSD after administering First Aid
7.1.3.3. Tools First Aiders can use to minimise psychological impacts of
administering First Aid
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7.1.3.4. Where Enhanced) First Aiders can receive help for coping with
psychological effects (including PTSD) of administering First Aid
7.1.3.5. How Enhanced First Aiders can evaluate whether they can
administer psychological (Enhanced) First Aid or if they need to contact
professional help
The Instructor shall facilitate debriefing:
Psychological effects of administering (Enhanced) First Aid for Enhanced First
Aider
Review positive actions observed during exercise
Suggest points for improvement
ELEMENT 7.2 - THEME 2: SUDDEN SICKNESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
Sudden sickness and environmental factors (e.g. chemical, air quality, dust,
pollen, gases, poisonous animals, etc.)
7.2.1.1. Most common First Aid conditions caused by local
environmental factors found at the specific geographic work locations
and workplace related hazards
7.2.1.2. Most common First Aid conditions worsened by local
environmental factors found at the specific geographic work locations
7.2.1.3. Effects of alcohol and other medication/narcotics on physical
and psychological performance
Delegates shall explain and demonstrate:
Sudden sickness and environmental factors (e.g. chemical, air quality, dust,
pollen, gases, poisonous animals, etc.)
7.2.2.1. How to respond to sudden sickness caused and worsened by
environmental factors that affect the central nervous system
7.2.2.2. How to respond to sudden sickness caused and worsened by
environmental factors that affect the respiratory system
7.2.2.3. How to respond to sudden sickness caused and worsened by
environmental factors that affect the circulatory system
The Instructor shall facilitate debriefing:
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Sudden sickness and environmental factors (e.g. chemical, air quality, dust,
pollen, gases, poisonous animals, etc.)
7.2.3.1. Review positive actions observed during exercise
7.2.3.2. Suggest points for improvement
ELEMENT 7.3 - THEME 3: TYPES OF TRAUMA
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
7.3.1 Types of trauma
7.3.1.1. Most common trauma conditions caused by accidents at
construction sites onshore and offshore
7.3.1.2. Most common trauma conditions caused by accidents at
service sites during operation and maintenance onshore and offshore
Delegates shall explain and demonstrate:
7.3.2 Types of trauma
7.3.1.3. How to respond to trauma incidents that affect the central
nervous system
7.3.1.4. How to respond to trauma incidents that affect the respiratory
system
7.3.1.5. How to respond to trauma incidents that affect the circulatory
system
The Instructor shall facilitate debriefing:
7.3.3 Types of trauma
7.3.1.6. Review positive actions observed during exercise
7.3.1.7. Suggest points for improvement
ELEMENT 7.4 - THEME 4: INCIDENT MANAGEMENT AND SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
7.4.1 Incident management and situational awareness
7.4.1.1. How lacking situational awareness can worsen First Aid
incidents and cause further harm
7.4.1.2. How to manage First Aid incidents and preserve situational
awareness offshore and onshore
Delegates shall explain and demonstrate:
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Incident management and situational awareness
7.4.2.1. How lacking situational awareness can worsen First Aid
incidents and cause further harm
7.4.2.2. How to manage First Aid incidents and preserve situational
awareness offshore and onshore
The Instructor shall facilitate debriefing:
Incident management and situational awareness
7.4.3.1. Review positive actions observed during exercise
7.4.3.2. Suggest points for improvement
ELEMENT 7.5 - THEME 5: COMPLEX INCIDENTS WITH SEVERAL (2-5) CASUALTIES
This theme allows Delegates to gain knowledge, skills and practical experience with
managing and administering First Aid during complex incidents with several (2-5)
casualties. For this theme the Course Instructor shall divide their Delegates into three
(3) different groups with roles shown in the table below:
During this exercise the following shall occur:
• The Observational, First Aid and Casualty Groups give each other feedback on the
incident management, First Aid performance and situational awareness during this
exercise
• The instructor leads and supports the group discussion and gives personal feedback
on the incident management, First Aid performance and situational awareness during
this exercise
• The exercise is repeated, switching the participants of each group. Each Delegate
shall participate at least once as a member of the Observational, First Aid and
Casualty groups
The Instructor shall explain and demonstrate:
7.5.1 Complex incidents with several (2-5) casualties in wind turbine working
environments
7.5.1.1. Difficulties and challenges of managing and administering First
Aid during complex incidents with several (2-5) casualties
7.5.1.2. Situational awareness and psychological effects of managing
and administering First Aid during complex incidents with several (2-5)
casualties
7.5.1.3. Systematically and effectively managing complex First Aid
scenarios during complex incidents with several (2-5) casualties
The Instructor shall lead the discussion on:
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Complex incidents with several (2-5) casualties in wind turbine working
environments
7.5.2.1. Positive observations and constructive criticism for Delegates’
performance during this exercise with several (2-5) casualties
7.5.2.2. How Delegates can manage and administer First Aid more
effectively and efficiently during complex incidents with several (2-5)
casualties
Delegates shall explain and demonstrate:
Complex incidents with several (2-5) casualties in wind turbine working
environments
7.5.3.1. How to manage and administer First Aid during complex
incidents with several (2-5) casualties
7.5.3.2. Situational awareness, knowledge and understanding of
psychological effects of managing and administering First Aid during
complex incidents with several (2-5) casualties
7.5.3.3. How to systematically and effectively manage complex First
Aid scenarios during complex incidents with several (2-5) casualties
Delegates shall explain and discuss:
Complex incidents with several (2-5) casualties in wind turbine working
environments
7.5.4.1. Positive and negative points of the Observational, First Aid and
Casualty Groups’ performance and incident management during these
complex incident exercises with several (2-5) casualties
7.5.4.2. How to improve the Enhanced First Aid Groups’ performance
with regards to administering First Aid, situational awareness and
incident management for complex incidents with several (2-5)
casualties using their background knowledge of First Aid.
The Instructor shall facilitate debriefing:
Complex incidents with several (2-5) casualties in wind turbine working
environments
7.5.5.1. Review positive actions observed during exercise
7.5.5.2. Suggest points for improvement
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LESSON 8 - SCENARIO-BASED TRAINING
245 min.
The aim of this lesson is to refresh and build on Delegates’ previously acquired
knowledge and skills to be able to assess, assist and provide correct Enhanced First Aid
during an incident.
To successfully complete this EFAR Module, Delegates shall, through different scenarios,
be able to demonstrate:
• Managing incidents - approaching and assessing incidents
• Providing the necessary life-saving First Aid in an incident
• Correct use of basic and advanced First Aid equipment
• Knowledge and skills for AED safety procedures and correct use of an AED
After the course, the Delegates will have the attitude to:
• Act as a leader in first aid situations
• Administer safe, effective and immediate lifesaving and enhanced first aid measures
to save life and give assistance in remote areas using advanced emergency
equipment and medical teleconsultation, while having particular regard for personal-
protection
ELEMENT 8.1 - PRACTISE FIRST AID TECHNIQUES
The Instructor shall explain:
Safety procedures in the training area
Delegates shall practise and demonstrate:
Safe life - saving First Aid techniques through relevant scenarios according to
the Control Measures Form
The Instructor shall ensure that:
Following topics are covered during scenario-based training:
8.1.3.1. Managing incidents using medical teleconsultation
8.1.3.2. Providing necessary life-saving First Aid
8.1.3.3. Correct use of First Aid and advanced emergency equipment
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8.1.3.4. Knowledge of and skills for AED safety procedures
8.1.3.5. Correct use of an AED and airway management devices
This scenario-based training shall be conducted as group work with one or more
Delegates as First Aiders, while the other Delegates act as casualty/casualties or
observer/s. Each Delegate shall, as a minimum, act as First Aider at least one time.
Relevant normal and advanced First Aid equipment shall be available and used at all
times during scenario-based training.
To ensure all of the above mentioned points are covered during scenario-based training,
Training Providers shall combine several of the following First Aid situations mentioned
below.
At least one scenario must be based on an electrical incident:
First Aid situations
8.1.4.1. Dropped object - serious head injury, unresponsive, breathing
8.1.4.2. Fall from heights - external bleeding, unresponsive, breathing
8.1.4.3. Serious internal bleeding
8.1.4.4. Serious external bleeding
8.1.4.5. Unresponsive with normal breathing
8.1.4.6. Unresponsive, not breathing
8.1.4.7. CPR using an AED
8.1.4.8. Epileptic seizure
8.1.4.9. Asthma
8.1.4.10. Stroke (circulatory, respiratory, central nervous system,
includes heat stroke)
8.1.4.11. Serious burn
8.1.4.12. Hypothermia
8.1.4.13. Hyperthermia
8.1.4.14. Crush injury
8.1.4.15. Eye injury
8.1.4.16. Electrical accidents minor/serious
8.1.4.17. Amputation
8.1.4.18. Minor incident escalating to a serious incident
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The Instructor shall facilitate debriefing:
First Aid situations
8.1.5.1. Review positive actions observed during exercise
8.1.5.2. Suggest points for improvement
The Instructor shall facilitate debriefing:
Complex incidents with several (2-5) casualties in wind turbine working
environments
8.1.6.1. Review positive actions observed during exercise
8.1.6.2. Suggest points for improvement
LESSON 9 - EVALUATION
15 min.
The aim of this lesson is to summarise the EFAR Module and give the Delegates the
opportunity to conduct an open-minded review of the training and the instructor.
To successfully complete this EFAR Module, Delegates shall be able to demonstrate:
• Active participation in the evaluation
ELEMENT 9.1 - SUMMARY
The Instructor shall:
9.1.1 Summarise the EFAR Module and give the Delegates final feedback
ELEMENT 9.2 - EVALUATION
Delegates shall:
9.2.1 Conduct a written evaluation
The Instructor shall:
9.2.2 Give necessary feedback on the written evaluations
ELEMENT 9.3 - TRAINING RECORDS
The Instructor shall:
9.3.1 Ensure that all Delegates are registered with a personal Delegate profile in
WINDA and have provided their WINDA ID to the Training Provider prior to completing
the training course.
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1.7 Delegate performance assessment Assessment of learning outcomes:
Delegates will be assessed according to the learning outcomes stated in Section 1.6 by
means of direct observation and supplementary oral questions, where appropriate.
The assessment shall be conducted during practical scenarios based on the wind turbine
work environment. Each Delegate shall demonstrate the ability to deal with a casualty
that is:
(1) Unconscious
(2) Requires CPR
(3) A scenario as detailed in Lesson 8
The formal evaluation of knowledge of above scenarios shall be in accordance with the
Practical Assessment Measures in Section - 3 (Measures).
Training Providers shall have a documented procedure in place for dealing with
Delegates not meeting the stated learning outcomes.
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ANNEX 1 - CONTROL MEASURES FORM (TEMPLATE)
Delegate full name as in passport:
Delegate WINDA ID:
Course module:
Date of completion:
Topics Violation of
Assessment
Measures
0-2
passed/ 3
failed
Instructor Remarks
Scenario Organisation
Aware of personal and
group safety at all times
Organises and utilises
correct equipment for
given scenario
Organises individuals
and groups as required
Scenario
Management
Establishes and
maintains control of the exercise scenario at all
times
Fully participates in the
exercise scenario
Follows instructions
when required
Demonstrates correct
and safe First Aid
exercise scenario
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Knowledge, skills and
understanding
Applies subject
knowledge correctly in
given scenario
Demonstrates
understanding of
subject
Delivers appropriate
first aid measures
Total Marks 0-9 Pass
10-27 Fail
PASS: ☐ FAIL: ☐
Instructor Name (in CAPITAL letters)
Instructor Signature
Training provider
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ANNEX 2 - MEDICAL SELF-ASSESSMENT FORM
(TEMPLATE)
YOUR PERSONAL HEALTH IS YOUR OWN RESPONSIBILITY. YOUR TRAINING PROVIDER
SHALL NOT BE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY ILLNESS WHATSOEVER DURING OR AFTER
THE TRAINING.
I hereby confirm that I have read and understood the listed risks and potentially life-
threatening medical conditions and that I am physically and medically fit to participate in
GWO Training.
I hereby confirm that there is no factor that will inhibit or affect my participation in GWO
Training. I agree to follow all instructions from the appointed Instructor for the duration
of the GWO Training. Should there be any doubt regarding my medical fitness, the
training provider will stop the training and seek a physician’s advice.
Name as in passport
Delegate WINDA ID
Course module
Signature and date
The following conditions could pose a risk, when you participate in GWO training
• Asthma or other respiratory disorders
• Epilepsy, blackouts or other fits
• Angina or other heart complaints
• Vertigo or inner ear problems (difficulty with balance)
• Claustrophobia/Acrophobia (fear of enclosed area/height)
• Blood pressure disorder
• Diabetes
• Pacemaker or implanted defibrillator
• Arthritis, osteoarthritis or other muscular/ skeletal disorders affecting mobility
• Known allergies (E.g. bee, wasps or spider stings / bites)
• Recent surgery
• Any other medical condition or medication dependency that could affect climbing or
physical impact of climbing
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ANNEX 3 - EFA GUIDELINE: RECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction
Wind turbines are placed in increasingly remote areas, away from established medical
facilities – both offshore and onshore. This can increase the time interval between the
placing of an emergency/distress call and the arrival of professional emergency
responders. The GWO Enhanced First Aid (EFA) Standard has been devised so that wind
turbine technicians have an additional level of first aid training focused on stabilising and
keeping a casualty alive until they are rescued.
Purpose
This training standard provides the foundation for the development of the enhanced first
aid competencies. This document serves as a guideline for when and how GWO members
should implement EFA-training and what special equipment wind technicians should be
trained to use. The decision to employ enhanced first aiders should be the outcome of a
medical risk assessment.
To implement GWO Enhanced First Aid, the employer will need to have the following:
• EFA training
• EFA equipment
• Access to medical teleconsultation services
When to implement EFA training
GWO recommends that implementation of EFA training is based on a risk assessment
(see table 1 below).
In general, all First Aid (FA) requirements for a wind farm will be dependent on the
specific activity being undertaken and an estimation of the likely time interval for either
medical support to reach the site or for the casualty to receive medical support.
Emergency calls and medical teleconsultation support system as a basic
principle
The company/employer emergency plan is a central component of the rescue chain,
especially offshore.
The employer must ensure that in the event of an emergency, it has established lines of
communication between itself and any external emergency control centre or external
facilities such as First Aid, emergency medical care, emergency rescue services and
firefighting.
All personnel must always be able to place an emergency call, from every workstation.
In an emergency, rescue and first aid workers (employed or externally contracted) must
be able to quickly respond to and access the scene of the emergency.
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The employer is also obligated to ensure appropriate transport which may include public
resources in specific cases. Onshore public emergency service facilities are usually
available to provide qualified transportation; however, this may not the case with
offshore.
Delivering EFA must be supported by company/national arrangements ensuring a system
for medical teleconsultation: It is a recommendation that the employer has a robust
telecommunication system - enabling medical teleconsultation support for EFA.
The term 'Teleconsultation' in the context of administering basic and enhanced First Aid
should be seen primarily as guidance, support and assistance provided by an
emergency-call physician to all first aiders and medical assisters in emergencies (Fig. 2).
The goals of teleconsultation are to achieve a qualitative improvement in First Aid and,
in the context of enhanced first aiders, to extend the range of potential measures. As
such, Teleconsultation should be understood as representing an additional structural
element within the existing company rescue service capabilities, aimed at realizing a
qualitatively high degree of patient care.
EFA trained personnel provide a valuable component to meet this requirement. However,
an enhanced first aider is not a medical professional and may have had limited real-life
experience in providing medical intervention. Therefore, he/she will require medical
teleconsultation and in severe cases support from professional medical responders.
Figure 2 - Teleconsultation - support of (enhanced) first aid with respect to
qualifications and approval of medication
Teleconsultation can essentially be grouped into the following components:
• Supporting first and enhanced first aiders in carrying out First Aid measures
• Diagnosing and determining the indication status of the medical measures taken
• Monitoring and supervising the measures taken
• Providing individual as well as psychological support of the (enhanced) first aider
• Ensuring documentation and evaluation
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An essential prerequisite for teleconsultation is the availability of adequate information
and communications technology (ICT). The reliability and durability of the ICT deployed
must be assured along with the technical and organisational guarantee of data
protection and data security. The availability of bi-directional and reliable audio
transmissions (e.g. radio, satellite or IP telephony or mobile phones) is not always
sufficient. The possibility for transmitting photos to the consulting physician and the
availability of reliable, at least unidirectional, real-time video transmissions should be the
standard.
So the consulting physician will be able to oversee a patient examination while remaining
informed about the events transpiring on location. The integration of medical-technical
equipment for transmitting and monitoring vital data establishes an essential foundation
for the emergency physician in making decisions about necessary actions. Employers
should provide documented instruction as to the use and deployment of information and
ICT.
Risk Assessment
This chapter provides guidance about reasonable numbers of personnel to be EFA
trained.
In renewable energy installations there are Normally Unmanned Installations (NUI) such
as wind turbines; Manned Installations (MI) like Offshore Support Platforms (OSPs) and
fixed building structures, which will require different FA measures.
The following factors need to be considered1:
• The nature of work activities performed at the site
• Number of people on site
• Project duration
• Transportation options and availability
• Transportation infrastructure
• Geography
• Climate
• Security
• Characteristics of the working population (e.g. age profile, gender mix, migrant
status, etc.)
In general, in a high-risk situation, basic and enhanced FA as well as paramedic support
may need to be immediately available. In a medium risk situation, basic FA should be
immediately available with Enhanced FA available within a defined time, which is to be
determined by the employer. In a low risk situation, time to provide Enhanced FA may
be prolonged. However, health related considerations alone, may be the driver for
maintaining a heightened Enhanced FA readiness.
In order to decide on the appropriate degree of FA-measures based on the risk
1 IRHC Institute for Remote Healthcare for Energy and associated Maritime activities
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assessment it is imperative to take company-work-specific characteristics into account.
The duty of care ultimately lies with company management.
Employers can in justified cases and where appropriate deviate from the measures
recommended in this document, whenever an equally effective alternate measure has
been implemented.
Non-permanent manned installation
In general, each location and activity should be subject to its own medical risk
assessment. The following table shows an example of the output of a medical risk
assessment and the recommended ratio of personnel with EFA-training according to the
level of risk depending on type of activity and work location.
Level of risk
depending on type of
activity and work
location
Number or ratio of personnel with EFA-training
High
• (De)commissi
oning work
• Large
component
replacement
• New
installation
work
• Replacing
rotors
• Working with
cranes
• Working
under stress
2 EFA
2:10 ratio
EFA
2:10 ratio
EFA
Medium
• Scheduled
work
• Maintenance
work
• Minor
installation
work
1 EFA
2 EFA
2:10 ratio
EFA
Low 0 EFA 1 EFA 2 EFA
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• Normal
inspection
work
• Operation
monitoring
<4 4-10 >10
Number of persons on a non-permanently manned
offshore/onshore renewable energy installation
Figure 3 - Table 1 (Example of) Risk Assessment with recommended ratio of EFA-
personnel for a non-permanent manned renewable energy installation
Manned installation
Manned installations, e.g. supply ships, transformer and residence platforms, normally
offer various additional FA-equipment or facilities and special rescue personnel, e.g.
paramedic support.
If, in principle, an increased level of risk exists (see preceding table 1) or at the locations
above, many workers are present for prolonged periods more highly qualified
professional emergency responders and fixed equipment should be allocated.
The emergency capabilities of co-located assets should be considered e.g. other manned
platforms, oil and gas platforms.
Organisational Measures
It is the employer’s duty to ensure, according to the specific national regulations,
coordination between all parties and participants, especially between the company
physician, safety responsible FA-personnel, onsite rescuer personnel and employee
representatives.
This also includes First Aid rendered through external sources, such as public rescue
services, emergency control centres and medical teleconsultation, as commissioned by
the employer.
EFA-Equipment - Personal rescue bag for EFA
This standard recommends work-team-related special EFA-bags are issued containing
the following items:
• Automated External Defibrillator (AED) according to national best practice
• Bag valve mask incl. accessories, national best practice airway devices e.g.
laryngeal tubes (sizes. 4/5), supraglottic airway device, oropharyngeal tube,
manual suction device
• Equipment for medical teleconsultation
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• Pulse oximeter for heart rate monitoring
• Trauma pressure dressing, haemostatic agents/dressings, Tourniquet
• Eyewash fluid
• Medications e.g. analgesic, cooling gel
The equipment supplied and used by the instructors and delegates shall follow and
comply with relevant national legislation and the appropriate guideline standards.
The following additional EFA equipment will also be recommended on site:
• Splint material
• Cervical immobilizer and stretcher
• Blanket and/or chemical active warming blanket
For drills and exercises e.g. during mandatory breaks or planned tutorials (see section
‘Drills and Exercises’ in this annex):
• Training dummy (e.g. for ventilation, laryngeal tubes, AED use, immobilization)
• Suitable media for support (e.g. videos)
Drills and Exercises
Frequent practice of EFA competencies will ensure delegates’ capabilities are maintained.
All refresher EFA training is recommended to be combined with further training and
drills.
Employers are encouraged to focus on practice-oriented training, while addressing
offshore/onshore renewable energy installations and specific scenarios therein. For
example, drills and exercises should where possible, be carried out at the workplace e.g.
WTG nacelle.
To supplement the training, local monthly small-scale exercises are recommended with
content and participants altering regularly to ensure all personnel and scenarios are
covered during a defined calendar period, nominally 12 months.
Table top and live exercises with external emergency services should be conducted
regularly. The timing will be determined by the emergency services. As a guide, a table
top every 6 months with a live exercise every 12 months is recommended.