CONTENT

1. UFOs Stories

a. MYSTERIES OF THE NAZCA LINES b. THE INCREDIBLE CROW CIRCLES, TRUE? OR JUST A THYMUS… c. UNIDENTIFIED SUBMERGED OBJECT (USO) ONLY ON THE AIR?

2. Old Civilizations

a. THE MUMMIES b. THE BIGGEST MYSTERY AMONG ALIENS AND MEN c. PURPOSES OF A GREAT MONUMENT “STONEHENGE”

3. MYSTIQUE PLACES

a. EL DORADO” THE LEGEND b. WHERE IS ATLANTIS? c. BERMUDAS TRIANGLE.... REALLY IS A MYSTERY?

4. SECRETS

a. FREEMASONRY b. LIBRERY OF ALEXANDRIA c. WHAT IS THE ORIGINAL PAINTING?

5. Scientific mysteries

a. INVISIBLE BODIES, AN INEXPLICABLE MYSTERY? b. THE LOCH NESS MONSTER c. DINOSAUR EXTINCTION

THANKS TO

UFO STORIES

MYSTERIES OF THE NAZCA LINES

There are so many unexplainable

mysteries in our world. One of these great

mysteries is the Nazca Lines located in the

Nazca Desert in southern Peru. These are

some of the greatest Geoglyphs that the

world has to offer like patterns of animals,

insects, humanoid creatures. Who built the

Nazca lines?

The Nazca lines weren’t discovered

until the middle of the 20th century when

airplanes started coming over the desert.

Some researchers said the lines were

created by the Nazca culture around one

hundred before Christ.

Some people think that the Nazca

lines were built by aliens because one the

figures has a strange airport like shape

moreover this has some characteristics of a

modern airport like large landing strip and

parkings.

Maria Reicheoriginally was a

mathematics professor and archeologist

from Germanywho studiedthe Nazca Lines

for over 20 years and she has come up with

thetheory that these were used to track the

sun and astronomical calendar cycles. It

then instantly became the largest solar

observatory in the world.

I think the theory of the Nazca lines being

built by aliens wasn’t nearly as good as the

theory by Marie Reiche is better.

In conclusion the theory presented by

Maria Reiche is the most logical of all the

theories presented about the Nazca Lines,

but there may be a lot more about this

complex mystery.

Andres Aparicio

THE INCREDIBLE CROW CIRCLES,

TRUE? OR JUST A THYMUS…

Crop circles are draws of huge

dimensions made in wheat that appears in

the middle of the night, generally those

circles have a very complex geometric and

designs with different significant sometimes

so complex that people can’t believe who it

was made by the man.

The first crop circle was found in

1976, it appear in England (Winchester),

those first circle have a simple geometry

(big circles with little circles around), and

was televised in all news of the world, then

suddenly start to appear in a lot of countries

with biggest sizes and compound

geometry.

As far people realize about crop

circles many theories come out, like crop

circles was made by ufo referring to weird

lights on the sky, also people say other

people did the circles and finally that those

circles was a result of an atmospheric

phenomenon.

Because of all the speculations about

the crop circles, in 1991 Doug Bower and

Dave Chorley told that they were the

responsible of the first circles, some

meteorologists talked about crop circles as

a result of tornadoes so Dave and Dough

started to do straight lines on the circles to

silence all the speculation.

However people don’t believe that

two men did those big crop circles in one

night besides Dave and Dough doesn’t

have enough knowledge about complex

geometries or golden ratio, for that reason

researchers began to analyze the wheat,

then they found in some circles that the cell

phones an the compass doesn’t work and

the electromagnetic radiations was zero.

In 1996 arose one prove of the flying

lights, a video who showed how two flying

lights did a crop circle whit the shape of a

snowflake in seconds, it was the master

prove of the people who believe in ufo,

years later one guy confess that he was the

author of the video and showed how he did

it, people of all the world outraged began to

say that this guy work for the government

according to they all was a constipation to

hide a big secret.

All became on a confusion, people

began to make groups of believers and

skeptical, both groups with strong evidence,

for that reason a professor called robin

Allen and a group of students did sixty crop

circles, according to the ufo believers all

circles was make by ufo those declarations

were very awkward to the believers

however they still believe in ufo.

Other group of people appears,

people who say that they were inspired by

the ufo, they went to the crops in the middle

of the night and a strange energy told him

what to do, they said that the ufo only

appears on the middle of the night because

of the farmers, they probably attack the ufo

if they arrive in the day.

Still without a specific response a

group called “BCI Research” they

investigated for fourteen years, the only

consistent evidence was the wheat

nodules, on the anonymous crop circles

those nodules were longest that the normal

nodules, and has a special radioactivity like

a microwave also the nodules has holes

than the others didn’t, according to they

those characteristics was made by natural

phenomenons like the geometry of

snowflakes.

A lot of things have said about crop circles,

but…

Why don’t make the circles in another kind

of crops? Why don't make direct messages

to the people? A long travel to make a

circle and then go… is that logical? People

have they own conclusions but the real true

is something that we never will to know.

Andres Fergusson

UNIDENTIFIED SUBMERGED OBJECT

(USO) ONLY ON THE AIR?

Many people know sighting reports

about UFOs, strange objects that fly

through the air of our planet. But also it’s

remarkable that most parts of our world are

covered with water and that there is some

evidence that the UFOs also use this

"matter" to move to most places of the

planet without being seen by anyone. Then,

unidentified objects aren’t confined to the

sky. In fact throughout the seas, oceans, as

well as lakes and rivers of the world,

strange metallic objects have provoked a

lot of curiosity in the people. If a UFO

moves beneath the water with an amazing

speed we call it a USO - an Unidentified

Submerged Object or Underwater

Submarine Object - and there are a lot of

sighting reports about such strange

submarines than most of us don’t know.

But, why are USOs moving through

the water? Maybe they have the same

reason as the UFOs in the sky. What is

their task? Unfortunately we don’t know

their task. Are UFOs and USOs parts of the

same phenomena and do they have a

common origin? Can all UFOs also be

USOs? Isn’t it a problem for them to move

in space, air and water? Are there alien

bases beneath the sea? Who knows,

nobody knows which is the answer to these

questions, simply it’s an enigma. Are there

any normal and natural explanations for the

sightings of USOs?

The Bermuda triangle is famous for

hundreds of sightings of unidentified and

strange submarines and unexplainable

lights beneath the sea. A lot of reports

around the world are told by fishermen and

sailors such as the cases best known as

the stories of the Argentinean “Naviero” and

Brazilian “Caioba-Seahorse” ships, also in

the Atlantic Sea. There are also sighting

reports about such objects in rivers and

even in lakes. The sightings in some lakes

in California have been as widely reported

as the sightings in the Nile and Amazonas

Rivers. Also there are reports about strange

metallic objects that broke with great power

through the ice of the frozen lake Siljan in

Sweden. Generally, most people

recognized three types of objects as a gray

cylindrical object, a gray round object or as

a very bright metallic disc shaped object

with a diameter of approximately 10 meters

which emits several lights with green, red,

blue, yellow and white colors drifting in the

water.

On the other hand, the scientists think

some tiny plants and animals in the sea are

called plankton, which are in fact able to

emit light and to produce "glowing spots" on

the water and also chemical reactions can

cause such phenomena. The mysterious

"white water" in the Bermuda triangle is

maybe a result of chemical reactions. But

can plankton produce "illusions" of solid

and metallic cylindrical and disc shaped

objects moving with high speed? How can

plankton rise from the water and start flying

through the air?

In the meantime people in the whole

world will certainly continue to discover

strange objects not only flying in the sky but

also diving beneath the sea. If we believe

that UFOs are a fact, we can believe that

the submarine objects also exist. If we find

the truth about one of the phenomena we

can maybe solve also the other.

Daniel Burgos

OLD CIVILIZATIONS

THE MUMMIES

There are many mummies in the

world but many of them weren't intentional

mummification. Only in ancient Egypt the

most important people were mummified

intentionally so each generation discovers

new thing over their context. The last

discover is found cocaine leftovers.

Egyptians were the most well known

empire and their kings were called as

“Pharaoh”. They intentional mummied

the Pharaoh because they thougt that when

Pharaoh died, he was about to begin a long

travel to a new life so he needed his own

belongings to travel safe and quiet.

But Egyptian Pharaoh not was only

person they mummied all of most loved

Pharaoh's things too, that is to say his

wife, pets generally cats, and favorite

musician were buried next to him in same

tomb even if they weren't dead. For

example musician was founded with his

fingers in harp we could think he performed

a song at the end.

Mummies were sold at markets too, in

middle age you could buy three kind of

mummies: 1) Mumia arabus,; 2) Mummia

Arabus vulgaris; and 3) Mumia Grecorum.

They were sold everywhere. Also part of

mummies were used like a panacea

medical but theirs effects were

questionated until in different stories sick

worsened until dead, it was called as

mumia, but at the end didn’t has enough of

mummies so for this practice then people

sentenced to death were mummified and

sold. However the substance mumia

currently is used to only asphalt, in

Colombia it’s known as neme.

Recently in the past century was

discovered a Tutankamun tomb and there

was interesting situation because it has

damning. Someone who dare take an

object will be death; curiously all people

participate in the burrowing during the next

year were dead.

Now in a strange coincidence in the

Egyptian mummies has found cocaine

leftovers. There was a extrange mummy

known as Henut Taui, she wasn’t Pharaoh

but she was appreciated too much.

Although Egyptian pharaohs used to

smoke opio and marihuana, the

consumption cocaine was unknown, in

1992 study begun and the scientists believe

that is possible because they commerce

with pre-colombian culture. I think ti’s not

possible because of the long distance

between the two lands.

Verónica Cuervo

THE BIGGEST MYSTERY AMONG

ALIENS AND MEN

For thousands of years Egypt has

attracted the attention from people around

the planet, there you can find one of the

wonders of the world “the famous

Pyramids”. There are about 110 pyramids,

some were built as burial places for kings

or queens, and they belonged to Pharaohs

and represented their power.

How did the Egyptian people build

them??? It s big mystery.

There are different opinions about it,

some people said that The Pharaohs

ordered it, and the farmers made them,

other people think that the aliens made

them. But nobody has the last word, it will

always be the biggest mystery of the

mankind.

They are the most perfect

construction that exists in the world, three

millions of stone blocks were used to build

them, and they were covered with white

limestone to make them shine with the sun.

All these blocks are joined without mortar,

fitting perfectly together, so it s impossible

to pass a knife blade between two blocks of

this stone.

But when they were build, the big

construction machines we know now didn´t

exist, so it s difficult to think that people in

this time could build this demanding

masterpiece…

For this reason people around the

word talk about the idea that aliens came to

earth and they helped the Egyptian people

to build the pyramids. Maybe it was easier

and faster to make them together.

Is there other reason to think that

aliens build them???

Some years ago an alien body was

found buried perfectly preserved, carefully

mummified in an ancient pyramid. The

mummy looks like an alien, dating back

over 2000 years and it seems it would be a

humanoid. Some people think that he has

different characteristics of the reptilian, for

example his fur and his eyes too large and

oval. The mummified body was buried with

great respect and care, accompanied by

weird objects that until now nobody have

been able to identify. No one has found

similar elements in other Egyptian tombs,

so that discovery would be of great

importance for the mankind today.

However it´s important to recognize

that ancient civilizations have been

rememberedfor their inventions and

majestic strides….. are the Pyramids one of

these? Were The Egyptian helped by

aliens? Who made the pyramids of Egypt?

Laura Huertas

PURPOSES OF A GREAT MONUMENT

“STONEHENGE”

There are some monuments that

nobody knows who and why built, many

people wanted to explain with theories and

legends, but with the passage of time,

these theories were overthrown by others;

this is the case of Stonehenge a circle

monument of stones that is in Salisbury

England.

Stonehenge has had about five

theories, Initially in the XII Century,

Geoffrey de Monmouth, said that the

Stones were brought from Ireland By Merlin

to build a monument for the war dead, then

in the XVIII Century William Stukeley

influenced by John Aubrey affirmed that

Stonehenge was built by Druids (Celtic

priests), for religious ritual and Ceremonies

like sun worship.

However in the IX Century Joseph

Norman Lockyer found some points on the

monument that were linked with the

solstices, putting Stonehenge as

astronomical observatory, beside theses

theories, many people thinks that

Stonehenge was build by Aliens, and some

people found Stonehenge as a circle of

constant energy for spaceships.

Recently, Mike Parker Pearson

discovered that Stonehenge was built

around 5,500 years ago and that his stones

(blue stones) are of Gales. He affirm that it

was built by prehistoric people who wanted

to worship to the died of their relatives,

according with he, Stonehenge was a

monument with the same purpose of the

pyramids; It was for the worship of the

death, Prehistoric people thought that the

dead walked into the world of the death.

Mike Parker found some traces of

other Stonehenge that was built of wood

and this meant the life.

Finally, all people could think different

theories about Stonehenge, but his great

architecture and the big coincidences with

other buildings around the world are

amazing and some people still have big

questions about Stonehenge.

Leonardo Daza

“

MYSTIQUE PLACES

EL DORADO” THE LEGEND

"El Dorado shifted geographical

locations until finally it simply meant a

source of untold riches somewhere in the

Americas," says Jim Griffith, a folklorist in

Tucson, Arizona.

El Dorado is the name of the

legendary golden city or the "Lost City of

Gold", that has been searched since 16th

century by explorers in the called “New

World”. According to legend in the mythical

place there is a city with large reserves of

gold and the streets paved with this metal.

The legend tells of a Muisca King who

used to cover himself in gold dust during

important ceremonies, the Muiscas built

rafts in which the King very resplendent

with many golden and emeralds objects

gave as an offering to their gods into Lake

Guatavita. In the book “El Carnero” written

by Juan Rodriguez Frayle he tells the

legend. A part of Rodriguez`s book says:

“The gilded Indian then... [threw] out all the

pile of gold into the middle of the lake”.

This story fascinated the explorers

when they arrived to America. . When

Spanish explorers reached South America

in the early 16th century, they heard

stories about a tribe of natives high in the

Andes mountains in what is now Colombia.

They tried to find this place exploring the

jungles of “Nueva Granada”.

Part of the story is true. In Lake

Guatavita and in other lakes in Colombia

many golden objects have been found in

this places. Part of this objects are in the

famous Gold Museum in Bogota. The most

famous is a wonderful piece called

“Miusca Raft”. It was made between 1.200

and 1.500 B.C.

In the same way a lot of pieces of

gold and treasures quickly were stolen by

the conquerors when they saw how the

Muiscas towns had a lot of gold in their

possession.

Since the discovering of America

there have been many expeditions to find

not only treasure of gold but also in search

of a city covered by the precious metal.

Some of the most famous

expeditions were directed by: Franciso

Orellana (1541), Sebastian Belalcazar y

Franciso Pizarro (1535) Nicolas de

Federman (1535), Gonzalo Jimenez de

Quesada (1536), Felipe de Utre (1541) and

Walter Raleigh (1595). They searched for

Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Brazil

and Venezuela.

Many people died in the attempt.

Although this place of immeasurable

richness hasn't been found and the search

of it has not been successful, is impossible

not tell and remember this amazing history.

Erika Diaz

WHERE IS ATLANTIS?

The story of Atlantis arises from the

writings of Plato, he was a Greek

philosopher. In 427 B.C., he wrote the

“Dialogues of Plato”, these dialogues by

Plato in Critias and Timaeus, say that this

story was told by the Greek wise Solon,

who in turn received it from an Egyptian

priest. In these writings he describes a

great continent that had a wonderful

civilization, he said, had ever existed in “a

distant point of the Atlantic Ocean” opposite

the Pillars of Hercules, in the year 900 B.C.,

and he said that Atlantis had sunk into the

sea in a day and a night, victim of a big

cataclysm. These writings created the

legend of the lost continent of Atlantis.

It's necessary to make an explanation

on this period of time, and is that Salon

could have misinterpreted the Egyptian

symbol for 100 and 1000, that is, that the

Atlantis would have existed in 9000 years

B. C. Which coincides with the ice age or in

900 years B.C.

However, hidden beneath the sea,

the ruins of the Atlantis remain hidden but

nobody knows where. Yet for centuries it

has been studied in every way it’s possible

exact location, there are many theories that

try to explain the mystery of Atlantis.

Central America has a vast column

along the Atlantic seabed. Some suggest

that the higher parts of this mountain range,

were once above sea level, forming

Atlantis.

There is another theory about Atlantis

in North America. From the accounts of

Christopher Columbus, who had obtained

traces of Atlantis in that continent, however,

this theory was discarded because the

characteristics of the inhabitants of Atlantis,

is unlike those of the ancient North

Americans.

About the continental bridges, many

centuries ago the African continent was

joined to South America and Europe. Some

theories said that those bridges to link

continents coincided with Atlantis, but

geologists said that this was not possible

because these continental bridges ceased

to exist several million years ago, long

before the existence of Atlantis.

This is the most modern theory and

which most people believe, because there

are many people who believe that Plato

was wrong when he said that Atlantis was

"beyond the Pillars of Hercules", nor was in

the year 9000 , it was in the year 900. In

900 BC in the Cyclades Islands located in

the Mediterranean a big catastrophe

occurred. In Santorini, occurred volcanic

blast and the crater was so big that half of

the island sank beneath the sea. The lava,

the ash and the wave height of 60 meters

destroyed the island and the nearby coasts.

For years, many people have been

suggesting different theories about the

location of Atlantis, but no one is sure

where. Was there some day Atlantis? And if

so where is?

In my opinion, the most accurate

theory is the possibility that Atlantis was

destroyed by a cataclysm. Probably that

Atlantis is on the seabed and that an

earthquake destroyed the island.

Natalia Pedreros

BERMUDAS TRIANGLE.... REALLY IS A

MYSTERY?

Have you ever heard about the

Bermudas Triangle? Maybe yes. Maybe

you know that The Bermudas Triangle was

and have been a mystery or enigma, but

what are the reasons that made the

Bermudas triangle an enigma?

It´s known like a dangerous and mysterious

area because there have disappeared

sailors, pilots and tourists, these events

have never been resolved and happened

under mysterious circumstances. As a rule,

people have attributed these to the

paranormal activity and extraterrestrial

beings.

The triangle area covers about

1,140,000 KM2 between the Straits of

Florida, the Bahamas, the Caribbean Island

area and the Atlantic east to the Azores.

A big number of aircraft and surface

vessels have gotten lost in this place.

Briefly the first disappearance there

was reported by Edward Van Winkle Jones.

Two years later the Fate Magazine

published “Sea Mystery at Our Back Door”

by George X. Sand. In the article the author

covers the loss of several planes and ships,

including the loss of flight 19.

In the Flight 19 traveled a group of

five US navy TBM Avenger bombers on a

training mission. The five airplanes

disappeared after showing disorientation,

instruments failure and after crossing

strange messages with the control tower

and each other in which it appeared that

the compasses had stopped working, which

was difficult in the case of an airplane that

had been revised before taking off, but it

was highly unlikely for all aircraft. No one

never found the slightest trace of them and

the flying boat sent to rescue disappeared

the same day. Similar events have

happened as Flight 19 have never been

found.

Other important event was the loss of

2 transport air craft Tudor Iv Known as Star

Tiger and Star Ariel. It happened before

dawn on January 31 of 1948. The aircrafts

made contact with a control tower. The

Captain requested to calibrate radio

navigation systems because the airplanes

were slightly off course. The position was

corrected with respect to Bermuda’s

triangle. After this last message, no was

recorder.

Many theories exist to give

explanation to these unknown events,

some are science fiction and others are

based on scientific principles. Theories

related to science fiction are: Relations with

Alians beings, which exert a force that

causes vessels and aircraft sink.

One theory is that under the area of

the triangle the ancient Atlantis lives. A city

that apparently existed 5000 years before

Christ, scientifically advanced. This city

mysteriously disappeared, which suggests

that from this civilization will be sending

rays and other energies which would be

responsible for the disappearances.

A mathematical model by Monash

University in Melbourne (Australia) confirms

the existence of bubbles of methane from

the seabed, which could be the cause of

the mysterious sinking of ships. Methane

combined with the water is heated, forming

bubbles which reach the surface and burst

generating turbulence and sinking vessels.

Many people have different theories

to give explanation to the disappearances.

Some are perhaps less probable than

others that are based on scientific theories.

No matter how many theories there is yet

no explanation to all these events in the

Bermuda Triangle. But, who is the right?

The science? or popular beliefs?

Natalia Diaz

SECRETS

FREEMASONRY

In the centuries 16th and 17th, was

created a fraternity, named freemasonry,

based in the love to the humanity, in the

symbols, like a, The Square and

Compasses meaning the Grand

Geometrician of the Universe, and the limits

that must be maintained over any other

Mason, and with the “G” in the middle

represents God, and their philosophy is

based in the naturalism and rationalism

view appealing to reason as a source of

knowledge or justification. They are a lodge

with the same ideology, but different and

adverse to the catholic’s religion, that tries

to find the true through of the reason, the

exaltation of the mind and the moral of the

humanity, excluding the divinity and the

religious beliefs. Its origins are evidenced

like a pagan reaction against the

Christianity, and the maxim theory is: “its

essence can only be understood by a

Mason” originated by the Gnostics, people

that unbelievable in God.

No one knows with certainty how or

when the Masonic Fraternity was formed,

the oldest document that makes reference

to Masons is the Regius Poem, printed in

1390. However, the first fraternity was the

Grand Lodge of England, founded on 24

June 1717, when four personalities of

London met for a reunion; from here they

moved to France where they founded "The

Grand Orient of France" in 1736. But, there

is evidence that suggest that there were

Masonic lodges in Scotland as in late 16th

century.

Masonic influence as powerful in

politics as in business. When the Masons

have taken control of a government, as in

France in 1877 and Portugal in 1910, have

passed laws to restrict the activities of the

Church. The American continent has also

been deeply affected by Freemasonry.

They are still present in the power groups,

the fraternity spread throughout Europe and

the American Colonies its ideologies, and

They became very popular in colonial

America. George Washington was a

Mason; Benjamin Franklin served as the

head of the fraternity in Pennsylvania, as

did Paul Revere and Joseph Warren in

Massachusetts. Other well-known Masons

involved with the founding of America

included John Hancock, John Sullivan,

Lafayette, Baron Fredrick von Stuben,

Nathanael Greene, and John Paul Jones.

Another Mason, Chief Justice John

Marshall, shaped the Supreme Court into

its present form.

In consequence, the Freemasonry

defends the independence of human

reason before to any authority, and this is

the most serious disagreements with the

teachings of the Catholic Church. They

spread a universal morality that

independently from all religions. Finally, the

ideal of Freemasonry aren t anymore

according to the needs of the modern man,

and tends to disappear.

Nicolas Rubio

LIBRERY OF ALEXANDRIA

In times where was not technological

progress, men could create what is

considered one of the wonders of the

architecture and science, the Library of

Alexandria.

Founded in the third century BC by

Ptolomeo and located in the editorial capital

of the world, was a marvel in its time and

was not surpassed by any other until

modern times where technological

advances made it possible.

Among its main attractions it had a

zoo, beautiful gardens, meeting room and a

laboratory where biologists made many

advances in this field . The library was

visited by people from all regions who came

by boat to see the majesty of it.

The interior had the largest existing

manuscript collection at the time, because

at that time people could only write and

draw on papyrus and they were the only

way to publish a book, which was very

expensive. In the library was the most

exactly copies from the some books that

people couldn't buy.

The library only worked over a

thousand years. All the collection of the

papyrus were donated for all king who ruled

in the time, according to data in total

900.000 of them. Many librarians worked

there, according to official records was the

first time a library was managed by experts.

But what happened with the library,

was it destroyed? Who did it? In which

year?. These are some of the most

important questions about what was the

reality of the end. Some people said that

the emperor Julio Cesar in his eagerness to

kill his opponent went to Alexandria with his

army, but with such good luck, the other

emperor has already been assassinated by

other king who was in war. After Julio

Cesar, was forced to leave the city so he

burned when some ships to avoid local

people follow him but the fire was

extinguished for almost the middle of the

city including the library. The people wants

blow out the fire but it was too late, the

library was completely brought to ashes.

Other studies say that there are large

numbers of people who think that the library

was not destroyed. They say that the library

was transformed into a church and a

monastery.

Well nobody knows for sure what

happened to the library. There is no trace of

it and most of the manuscripts that were

there disappeared. Only the memory

remains of what was in antiquity, the

greatest center of knowledge and wisdom

invented by men.

Carlos Johnson

WHAT IS THE ORIGINAL PAINTING?

“The Gioconda” or “The Mona Lisa”

is the most famous painting in the art world,

after five centuries of existence. “The

Gioconda” was painted by Leonardo Da

Vinci. He began this work in 1503 and

finished in 1507, when he was fifty-five

years old. He was an Italian painter,

sculptor, architect, musician, scientist,

mathematician, engineer, inventor,

anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist

and writer while a genius.

The identity of the model has been

one of the greatest misteries of this work. In

2005 Heilderberg university academics

discovered any notes into margins of a

book by Leonardo Agostino Vespucci who

was a Florentine official, an Italian writer,

painter and Leonardo’s friend. These notes

said: Leonardo is working “on the head of

Lisa del Giocondo” she was a member of

the Gherardini family of Florence and

Tuscany, and wife of wealthy Florentine silk

merchant Francesco del Giocondo, these

notes could be a confirmation. However

these notes don’t have a description of the

painting or drawing and could be attribute

to any female portrait of that time.

On august 21, 1911 a man named

Vicenzo Peruggia, former employee of the

Louvre museum, stole “The Gioconda”.

He arrived at 7am, he dressed with a white

coat like those used by museum staff, he

picked up the box and the framework was

withdrawn, so after leaving the museum

with the painting hidden under his clothes.

It wasn`t detected immediately, because in

those days the museum was closed to the

public for maintenance, finally the painting

disappeared and was recovered two years

and one hundred and eleven days after.

Peruggia was an Italian patriot who

believed that Leonardo’s painting should be

returned to Italy to display it in an Italian

museum. Peruggia has been motived by an

Argentinean storekeeper named Edward

Valfierno. He did business with five

American collectors and a Brazilian, he sold

forgeries made by other painter, each for

three hundred thousand dollars. Finally

Peruggia was arrested when he attempted

to sell “The Gioconda” to the Director of

the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.

In Madrid, Prado museum, there’s

one copy of “The Gioconda”, researches

believed to have been made by an

apprentice of Leonardo da Vinci, possibly

painted at the same time. In the world there

are a lot of copies of this painting and if we

think of the long time that this painting was

disappeared, then, Is “The Gioconda”

displayed in the Louvre museum, the

original one?

Yeni Manrique

SCIENTIFIC MYSTERIES

INVISIBLE BODIES, AN INEXPLICABLE

MYSTERY?

Many people consider the black holes

are inexplicable paradoxes because they

think they don’t have a logical explanation.

Perhaps, People haven't gotten to know the

wonders that are hidden in those invisible

bodies .It is the reason why a lot of

questions arise when the term “Black hole”

is mentioned.

Black holes have been intuited by

astronomers for centuries, mythicized by

science fiction, analyzed by highly

specialized researcher, besides, another

part of researchers considered the black

hole's existence as being something not

real. These are the reasons why for many

years black holes have been one of the

most enigmatic objects.

But, what’s a black hole? Simply put, a

Black hole is a region of space that is so

incredibly dense that light cannot escape.

The black hole's formation can be

something weird and very complex.

Generally, it is formed when a star is

becoming bigger and bigger and bigger

than the sun (supernova), namely, her

nucleus exploit and until now don't exist a

familiar force that can stop its immense

gravity to hang over him.

Furthermore, this enigma is known as

“Information paradox”, It refers the future of

the thing that comes in the black hole.

Stephen Hawking says it has solved this

paradox. He says black holes seem to

“have not horizon” to protect its contents

from the outside world, namely, The black

holes emit a radiation and then It opened to

reveal all the information that they contain.

But, what’s the true mystery? If it’s

something that nothing has, there is only

emptiness. Likely, the real mystery is

getting to know the true mystery could be:

How we could get to communicate with any

universe?

It is believed that in all galaxies exist

some black holes in their center. Millions

and billions are more massive than our sun.

Some of these are the most violent and

energetic objects of the universe.

However, what’s the mystery about

the not returning point? It can be the

possibility to come inside to a gloomy world

with a distorted time-space which would

lead us to parallel universes ,also, their

departure would be called “White hole” or

On the other hand, the black holes collapse

could create “The Wormhole” that It can

transport us to another dimension .

Anyway, there are so many advances

in science that today we can speak of the

creation of an artificial black hole; in

addition to being able to speak of a black

hole eclipse and now we can transport

ourselves to another dimension. Are

humans very far from knowing this great

mystery?

Monica Muñoz

THE LOCH NESS MONSTER

This is a legend about one lake

monster that inhabits in the Scottish

Highlands. Popular interest began when the

people around the world knew the story

about this creature. The evidence about the

existence is anecdotal and you only can

find few photographies and sonar readings.

The most common theory between the

believers is that the creature is the last

survivor of the plesiosaurs age. The most

famous image of the Loch Ness Monster is

the Surgeon´s Photograph. This picture

was taken by Dr. Wilson in 1934. He

claimed that when he was looking at the

loch he saw a little head and a neck and

them he took five pictures, but only two

were clear. Before the Surgeon's

photograph, Hugh Gray, on 12 November

1933, was walking along the loch when he

heard a one noise and then a large

creature came from the lake. Gray took a

lot of potographies, but only in one it

showed up. This image apperead to show a

creature with a long tail and thick body at

the surface of the loch. This picture is as

bluer as the Surgeon's photograph.

The scientific community think that all

about the Lonch Ness monster is a myth,

because they didn't found any evidence

about the creature existence. In 2003, a full

research of the Loch was sponsored by

BBC. They used approximately 600 sonars

beems but they didn't find anything.

What is certain, Nessie, as it's a called

affectionately, is important for of local

economy. In this site there are some hotels

that offer tours to talk about the lonch ness

monster legend for people that want to

know about it. For this reason, although the

evidence shows otherwise, for local people,

this creature is part of their lives.

The Lonch Ness monster is as big

mistery as the jety legend, and its a one of

the greattes enigmas of the humanity.

Oscar Pulido

DINOSAUR EXTINCTION

Dinosaur extinction is still a major

enigma of earth history. Many of the

imaginative theories for the extinction of the

dinosaurs will also be presented. Nobody

knows the truth about Dinosaur extinction

but an important thing is that they have

been the second most important species in

the world.

Dinosaurs lived on Earth for 150

million years, from the Triassic to the

Cretaceous Periods, and then they became

extinct. The Dinosaurs were huge

creatures, a hundred tons in weight and

up to 40 meters long. Others were as small

as a dog.

Some studies show that the reason of

the disappearance of the dinosaurs is not

clear, but some specialists about this

strange cases demonstrated that a major

event happened on earth like a meteorite or

a overheating that gradually killed them.

The first theory is that a high volcanic

activity started to overheat the earth

temperature and some dinosaurs escaped

to that place but most of the species were

killed for this reason, for instance the most

famous dinosaur, the tyrannosaurus.

Other things might have caused the

dinosaurs’ extinction:

We know that the oxygen levels in the

Earth’s atmosphere were much higher than

the current. for a meteorite that impact the

earth, some theories show that the size of

the meteorite was like a little country of

Europe and the impact caused a crater 24

miles deep and 125 miles wide, The crater

was discovered in 1991 in Chicxulub,

Mexico, on the Yucatan Peninsula

according to theory by California San Diego

university.

Finally there is a crater by the Wolf

Greek in Australia and by the carbor-14

method scientist have proved that this

crater is over 64 million years old.

One of the theories is that the flesh-

eating dinosaurs ate all the plant-eating

dinosaurs and after a while themselves.

This could be right but what about the

flowers. The flesh-eaters are not built to eat

plants so why did the flower extinct?

Here we have many kinds of different

theories about the extinction, but most of

the theories are just guesses. The problem

with the theories is that they are based on

very few actual facts, and consequently it is

only your logical sense that can judge

which theory is the right. The previous

paragraph contains different kinds of

dinosaur extinction theories, from meteor

that impact the earth to volcan activity and

and dinosaur cannibalism, But those are

just theories. What do you think about the

dinosaur extinction?

Javier Vargas

DIRECTOR

ISABEL MESA, TEACHER SKILLS 3.

CENTRO COLOM BO AMERICANO

EDITOR

DANIEL BURGOS, STUDENT, CENTRO

COLOM BO AMERICANO

DESIGN COMMITTEE

MONICA MUÑOZ, STUDENT, CENTRO

COLOM BO AMERICANO

OSCAR PULIDO, STUDENT, CENTRO

COLOM BO AMERICANO

LEONARDO DAZA, STUDENT, CENTRO

COLOM BO AMERICANO

JAVIER VARGAS, STUDENT, CENTRO

COLOM BO AMERICANO

INVITATIONS COMMITTEE

YENI MANRIQUE, STUDENT, CENTRO

COLOM BO AMERICANO

NATALIA PEDREROS, STUDENT,

CENTRO COLOM BO AMERICANO

VERONICA CUERVO, STUDENT, CENTRO

COLOM BO AMERICANO

NICOLAS RUBIO, STUDENT, CENTRO

COLOM BO AMERICANO

LAURA HUERTAS, STUDENT, CENTRO

COLOM BO AMERICANO

GAM ES AND FOOD COMMITTEE

NATALIA DIAZ, STUDENT, CENTRO

COLOM BO AMERICANO

ERIKA DIAZ, STUDENT, CENTRO

COLOM BO AMERICANO

ANDRES FERGUSSON, STUDENT,

CENTRO COLOM BO AMERICANO

CARLOS JOHNSSON, STUDENT,

CENTRO COLOM BO AMERICANO

ANDRES APARICIO, STUDENT, CENTRO

COLOM BO AMERICANO

2012

IMAGES LINK

http://www.google.es/imghp?hl=es&tab=wi

AND TOPIC