enlargement and the era infrastructures and networks the cern experience luciano maiani, cern 28...
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Enlargement and the ERAInfrastructures and Networks
The CERN experience
Luciano Maiani, CERN 28 June 2001
Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche NucleaireEuropean Laboratory for Particle Physics CERN
Member States (2001)
Distribution of CERN users, May 1, 2001
34
92
41
P, low energy
Nuclear physics
P, high energy
P-P, very high energy
Cold anti-P
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•Strongly based in universities•20 members, ~270 institutes, ~4600 users•LHC is 2000 MEuro of high-tech orders over a decade - many placed by universities. •Studentships, fellowships, etc. Annual throughput of ~400 engineers and ~500 physicists
CERN’s network
Large Hadron Collider : a Global project with mostly (≈80%) Regional support Community > 5000 physicists world-wide
The CERN network in Europe
…and in the World
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Outline Integration of Candidate Countries into the
research community Helping Candidate Countries Research based on excellence Mobility of researchers
Infrastructure - beyond the EU candidate countries The win-win situation Making use of other Organisations Integration Access
Helping the enlargement process Computer networking Grids
EIROFORUM Conclusions
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q Helping candidate countries CERN experience: CZ, H, PL, SK members
since early 1990s- BG more recently; also long standing collaboration with Russia and other former URSS countries.
Treat all countries as far as possible on an equal footing
Try to minimise MS/NMS barriers, without upsetting your MS! (one country-one vote in Council, but qualified majority in Finance Committee)
Researchers in these countries (and their governments) have to take the decisions. We can only advise and help.
Visiting the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Dubna, in 1963. From left to right: CERN Director-General V. Weisskopf, Professor V. P. Dzhelepov, and Academician B. M. Pontecorvo, a colleague of the Italian scientist E. Fermi.
1.Integration of Candidate Countries into the research community
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Research based on excellence
Excellence assessed by independent peer review
Research knows no borders Have to integrate candidate countries into
world-class research These countries have a lot to offer We are very happy with the results: a great
addition of intellectual and material resources ! !
Barrel Yoke (CMS) from Czeck Republic
Industrial Exibition: Poland @ CERN, 2000
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Mobility
Getting the new researchers to the infrastructure Getting the staff of the lab to the new nations Schools
The Joint CERN-Dubna School
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2. Infrastructure - beyond the EU candidate countriesThe win-win situation
Excellent researchers are not limited to EU-15 countries, nor even to greater Europe
People often very well-educated and highly motivated If we can find the right specialities, everyone can become a
major winner Raw materials, heavy engineering, assembly of one-off sub-
detectors, software components, are all things that can be spread around imaginatively…..
The LHC dipole n. 360 from Novosibirsk
CMS feet from Pakistan
LHC corrector magnet from India
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Making use of other Organisations
Many good researchers live in countries with economies which are much less developed than those of the EU candidate countries
Even if not topic of this meeting, we should not forget them
CERN has good experience with ISTC and INTAS - thanks to EU (among others)
Also NATO and Soros play some important roles, especially for computer networking
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Integration
We must be open to these countries, tear down any administrative barriers
Encourage them to send students Run summer schools in new countries Be willing to select their nationals for post-
grad and post-doc positions Look for funding for all of this CERN candidate membership
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Institutes participating to CMS
Access
It may be tempting to make “ access to large facilities ” dependent on “membership”, but particle physicists has been able to follow a different approach
Experiments running on our facilities tend to be based on very large (50-2000 person) collaborations
This allows people from economically weaker countries to join with those from stronger regions
So we tend not to look at the passport of the people making proposals
But (in general) we expect people who have not funded the lab infrastructure to contribute more than their “fair share” to the cost of the experiment
But the contribution can take many forms, such as assembly effort, software, … Look for the “win-win”.
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3. Helping the Enlargement Process
q Computer networking as basic research infrastructure
You need up-to-date information to be a world-class researcher
Today you (mainly) get that info mainly through your terminal (plus phone, video-meetings, and conferences)
Surest way for candidate countries to lose their best brains is to give them poor connectivity
Triple requirement - Campus, National Network, International Connectivity
GEANT (get a map) is the EU production network TERENA is the NREN association Make sure that you support them both
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System Users
IntelligentInterface
Middleware
Cluster OperatingSystem
Supercomputing,High Throughput
Computing
Networking
MassStorage
Next step beyond the Web is the Grid
To share computing resources - including processing power, data and information
CERN and EIROforum active here
DataGrid, hopefully also CrossGrid (heavy CERN candidate country representation) and DataTAG Plus strong national efforts in several countries - USA has Globus, GriPhyN and PPDG, UK has GridPP and major e-Science efforts. Also F, I, NL, ….
(from Dr. John Taylor)
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4. EIROforum
DGs of major European Intergovernmental Research Organisations, which are the focus of their own extensive networks of scientists
CERN (particle physics), EFDA (fusion), EMBL (molecular biology), ESA (space actvities), ESO (astronomy and astrophysics), ESRF (synchrotron radiation) and ILL (neutron source)
Aims ==> (next slide) Present chair: Catherine Cezarksy / ESO Annual rotation - will pass to CERN in July 2001 Next meeting - October 24
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EIROforum aims
Encourage discussions among EIROforum members on issues of common interest
Maximise return and optimise resources by sharing developments and results
Coordinate outreach, including TT and public education Collaborate, with other European scientific
organisations, in taking a forward look at promising and/or developing research directions and priorities, in particular in relation to new large-scale research infrastructures
Simplify high-level interactions with the European Commission
Coordinate representation to the outside world (public, govts, non-European countries, ….)
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5. Conclusions
Good integration of EU-candidate countries requires taking care of many details
EIROforum members have some experience in this field, and it has been encouraging
CERN experience shows that some imagination and flexibility pays off well for all parties
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Some useful URLs
www.cern.ch www.dante.org/geant www.terena.nl www.intas.be