enterprise architecture business discipline, not religious...
TRANSCRIPT
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
SLIDE 1 of 31
Mike Lambert
Chief Technical Officer
Architecting the Enterprise Limited
Enterprise Architecture
Business Discipline, NOT Religious Ritual
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
For Millennia People have been puzzled by Stonehenge!
SLIDE 2 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Let’s see whether we can build a level of abstraction
SLIDE 3 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Schematically …
SLIDE 4 of 31
C
Information
System
Architectures
C
Information
System
Architectures
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
It’s the broken remnants of an EA process
SLIDE 5 of 31
H
Architecture
ChangeManagement
H
Architecture
ChangeManagement
GImplementation
Governance
GImplementation
Governance
E
Opportunities
& Solutions
E
Opportunities
& Solutions
D
Technology
Architecture
D
Technology
Architecture
C
Information
System
Architectures
C
Information
System
Architectures
C
Information
SystemArchitectures
C
Information
SystemArchitectures
BBusiness
Architecture
BBusiness
Architecture
A
Architecture
Vision
A
Architecture
Vision
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
SLIDE 6 of 31
H
Architecture
ChangeManagement
H
Architecture
ChangeManagement
GImplementation
Governance
GImplementation
Governance
F
Migration
Planning
F
Migration
PlanningE
Opportunities
& Solutions
E
Opportunities
& Solutions
D
Technology
Architecture
D
Technology
Architecture
C
Information
System
Architectures
C
Information
System
Architectures
C
Information
SystemArchitectures
C
Information
SystemArchitectures
RequirementsManagement
RequirementsManagement
BBusiness
Architecture
BBusiness
Architecture
A
Architecture
Vision
A
Architecture
Vision
PreliminaryPreliminaryThe original intent is lost
The detailed requirements are lost
The practical usage is lost
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
All we are left with is some broken building blocks… and some rituals
SLIDE 7 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
How does your Business view Architecture?
► Driven by the Business
► Something that is core to the
strategic planning of the
enterprise
► Business activity driven by
highly respected professionals
► A flexible discipline that
reacts to the needs of the
business
SLIDE 8 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Or maybe …
SLIDE 9 of 31
► Driven by The IT people
► Something that IT does
► Some kind of strange ritual
that happens in an office
somewhere in IT
► A straightjacket that gets in
the way of doing the “right
thing”
► Will you be left with some
broken building blocks and a
set of rituals?
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Some important questions
►Where are the solutions?
►Must we do it just because EA
says so?
► Is the architecture always right?
► How do we make the right
decisions?
SLIDE 10 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
What about TOGAF?
► TOGAF started life as
■ A prescriptive process
■ Technology focussed
► TOGAF 9
■ Flexible process
■ Business driven
► Rather like old wallpaper, history
sometimes shows through
SLIDE 11 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Some echoes from the past …
SLIDE 12 of 31
First phase directly concerned with how the Target Architecture will be implemented
It is important to note that this effort is not
concerned with database design
It is important to note that this effort is not
concerned with applications systems design.
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
But TOGAF 9 is Pragmatic and Business Less
SLIDE 13 of 31
► I am going to use extracts from the
TOGAF 9 specification to illustrate my
arguments
■ Definitions
■ Process
■ Models
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Solutions – The Elephant in the Living Room for Architects
► We often know the preferred solution
before we start the process
► Often, an existing “legacy” system is not
subject to change
► We are constrained by the structure of
products available in the market
► It is the Data and Application Solutions
that establish requirements for
infrastructure
SLIDE 14 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Evidence from TOGAF 9 – The Process
SLIDE 15 of 31
Select Reference Models, Viewpoints and Tools
Develop Baseline Business Architecture Description
Develop Target BusinessArchitecture Description
Perform Gap Analysis
Define Roadmap Components
Resolve Impacts across theArchitecture Landscape
Conduct Formal Stakeholder Review
Finalize the Business Architecture
Create Architecture Definition Document
� Define roadmap components appears in every phase (not just in phase E)
� At every phase we are thinking about the deployment of the architecture� Business process changes� Changes to database� Changes to applications� Changes to technology
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Evidence from TOGAF 9 – Definitions
SLIDE 16 of 31
Data Architecture
The structure of an organization’s logical and
physical data assets and data management resources
Applications Architecture
A description of the major logical grouping of
capabilities that manage the data objects necessary to process the data and support the business.
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Evidence from TOGAF 9 – The Metamodel
SLIDE 17 of 41
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Evidence from TOGAF 9 – The Metamodel
SLIDE 18 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
The (almost) unstated question
SLIDE 19 of 31
Services
LogicalComponent
How are services groupedinto logical components?
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
The (almost) unstated answer
SLIDE 20 of 31
Services
LogicalComponent
Physical
Component
Deployed
Solution
How are services groupedinto logical components?
�Products available in the market
�Structure of existing components to be carried forward
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Must we do it just because EA says so?
► That is what ACMM level 5 says,
right?
SLIDE 21 of 31
� No unplanned IT investment or
acquisition activity.
� Architecture documents are used by
every decision maker in the
organization for every IT-related
business decision.
� Architecture process metrics are used
to optimize and drive business linkages.
Business involved in the continuous
process improvements of Enterprise
Architecture.
US Department of Commerce (DoC) enterprise Architecture
Capability Maturity Model (ACCM Version 1.2 December 2007)
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Must we do it just because EA says so?
► Wrong !!
SLIDE 22 of 31
� No unplanned IT investment or
acquisition activity.
� Architecture documents are used by
every decision maker in the
organization for every IT-related
business decision.
� Architecture process metrics are used
to optimize and drive business linkages.
Business involved in the continuous
process improvements of Enterprise
Architecture.
� A standards and waivers process is
used to improve the architecture
development process.
US Department of Commerce (DoC) enterprise Architecture
Capability Maturity Model (ACCM Version 1.2 December 2007)
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Can you relate to this?
► We follow the TOGAF Architecture
Development Method
► We build a long list of projects that would
result in the perfect architecture
► We ask for a gazillion dollars to complete
the implementation
► We are surprise when the money is not
forthcoming
SLIDE 23 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
The EA Process Defines the Ideal Target State
► At every stage, the EA process establishes
the way we would like to operate
■ Consistent business processes
■ Integrated databases
■ Common use applications
■ Shared infrastructure
SLIDE 24 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
At every stage, we have two decisions
► What is the strategic approach for the future?
► Is there a business case for tidying up the legacy
of the past?
■ Building the business case is a non-trivial task
■ How do we quantify the future value of synergy
► Some considerations
■ Expected life-time of system
■ Relationship to core of business
■ Stability of business area supported
SLIDE 25 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Every decision is business driven
► Will it help us increase revenue?
► Will it help us reduce costs?
► Will it help us improve customer service?
► What is the impact on the share price?
SLIDE 26 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Is the architecture always right?
► May not be practical
■ Very expensive, no business value
■ May not be possible to implement
► May be too forward looking
■ Particularly non-functional qualities,
such as volumes and performance
► May be simply wrong
■ Simply doesn’t achieve objectives
SLIDE 27 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
A Practical Architecture Needs A Dispensation Policy
► Used to ensure that service and operational
levels are met while providing flexibility in
their implementation and timing
► Granted for a given time period and set of
identified service and operational criteria
that must be enforced during the life-span of
the dispensation
► Not granted indefinitely, not granted
automatically
► Time-bound nature ensures that they are a
major trigger in the compliance cycle
► Patterns of dispensations drive architecture
change
SLIDE 28 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
How do we make the right decisions?
► To be effective, and Enterprise Architecture must be SEEN to be
REALISABLE and REALIZED
■ Must be visible
■ Must be practical .. Which is why considering potential solutions is so
important
■ Most be a discipline that is followed
■ Every decision must be a considered decision
■ Everyone needs to know what decisions they may make and which they may
not
SLIDE 29 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Much of this is NOT NEW
► There are people in our Enterprise who are
good at this
■ Business planners
■ Risk managers
■ Project and Portfolio Managers
► Enterprise Architecture must be integrated
into established business disciplines
► We must have a framework to ensure
consistency of decisions
■ Trade-offs
■ Compliance policy
● When dispensatioms may be granted
SLIDE 30 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Governance
► Decisions need to be taken in a
controlled way
► Must consider the value to the
enterprise, not just to one single
organization unit, not just within a
single project
► Must have the basis for taking
difficult decisions in place BEFORE the
decision has to be taken
SLIDE 31 of 31
CorporateGovernance
ArchitectureGovernance
ITGovernance
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
SLIDE 32 of 40
Actioning Architecture Governance in the ADM
HArchitecture
Change
Management
HArchitecture
Change
Management
G
Implementation
Governance
G
Implementation
Governance
F
Migration
Planning
F
Migration
PlanningE
Opportunities
& Solutions
E
Opportunities
& Solutions
D
TechnologyArchitecture
D
TechnologyArchitecture
C
Information
SystemArchitectures
C
Information
SystemArchitectures
CInformation
System
Architectures
CInformation
System
Architectures
Requirements
Management
Requirements
Management
B
Business
Architecture
B
Business
Architecture
A
ArchitectureVision
A
ArchitectureVision
PreliminaryPreliminary� Architecture Governance
Framework is implemented
which identifies processes,
artifacts, controls and
environment
� Cross-organizational
Architecture Board established
to oversee the implementation
of the IT governance strategy
� An Architecture Compliance
strategy is adopted with specific
measures to ensure compliance
with the architecture
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
SLIDE 33 of 40
Actioning Architecture Governance in the ADM
HArchitecture
Change
Management
HArchitecture
Change
Management
G
Implementation
Governance
G
Implementation
Governance
F
Migration
Planning
F
Migration
PlanningE
Opportunities
& Solutions
E
Opportunities
& Solutions
D
TechnologyArchitecture
D
TechnologyArchitecture
C
Information
SystemArchitectures
C
Information
SystemArchitectures
CInformation
System
Architectures
CInformation
System
Architectures
Requirements
Management
Requirements
Management
B
Business
Architecture
B
Business
Architecture
A
ArchitectureVision
A
ArchitectureVision
PreliminaryPreliminary
� Each phase is governed by
Principles applicable to the
activities of the phase.
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
SLIDE 34 of 40
Actioning Architecture Governance in the ADM
HArchitecture
Change
Management
HArchitecture
Change
Management
G
Implementation
Governance
G
Implementation
Governance
F
Migration
Planning
F
Migration
PlanningE
Opportunities
& Solutions
E
Opportunities
& Solutions
D
TechnologyArchitecture
D
TechnologyArchitecture
C
Information
SystemArchitectures
C
Information
SystemArchitectures
CInformation
System
Architectures
CInformation
System
Architectures
Requirements
Management
Requirements
Management
B
Business
Architecture
B
Business
Architecture
A
ArchitectureVision
A
ArchitectureVision
PreliminaryPreliminary� Recommendations are
formulated for each project
� Used to construct an
architecture contract to govern
system implementation and
deployment
� Compliance reviews carried out
at key milestones
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Establish Cross-Enterprise Architecture Board
► Ensures all decisions are based on the interests of the
enterprise not one group with a vested interest
► Probably a hierarchical structure of such boards
► Representative of major stakeholders
► Establishes clear responsibilities and accountabilities
SLIDE 35 of 31
Regulatory/legal bodies
Demand forecasting Standards organisations
Organisation management
Governance working groupsService provider(s)
Global/regional governanceboards
Asset/contract management
Repository management
Service/technologyproviders
Tracking
Control andguidance
Guidance
GuidelinesFinancial
Transition/transformationmanagement
Service provision
Change
managementConformance
Enablementand
validation
Provision monitoring
Cost
effectiveness
Governance organisation
Escalation anddispensation
Compliance
Integrationand
Reporting
Expertise andCostStatutory
Obligations
EnterpriseGovernance
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Some important questions
►Where are the solutions?
►Must we do it just because EA
says so?
► Is the architecture always right?
► How do we make the right
decisions?
SLIDE 36 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
Some important answers
►Where are the solutions?
■ Solutions are everywhere and
guide thinking towards practical
architectures
►Must we do it just because EA
says so?
■ No, not if it doesn’t make business
sense
► Is the architecture always right?
■ No, architects are human
► How do we make the right
decisions?
■ Business driven governance
SLIDE 37 of 31
Architecting the Enterprise Limited Copyright © 20099Business Driven Strategic Planning with TOGAF 9
SLIDE 38 of 31
Mike Lambert
Chief Technical Officer
Architecting the Enterprise Limited
Enterprise Architecture
Business Discipline, NOT Religious Ritual