entrepreneurship training

Entrepreneurship

BENAZIR BHUTTO SHAHEED YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

04/11/23BENAZIR BHUTTO SHAHEED

YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

Overview

• What is an entrepreneur?• Characteristics of an entrepreneur• Planning to be an entrepreneur• Growth pressures, managing a family

business, and corporate intrapreneurship


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What is an Entrepreneur?

Entrepreneur…… takes on the risk of starting

their own enterprise or investing in other start-ups.

Definition of an Entrepreneur

An entrepreneur is someone “who sets up a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit”.

(Oxford Dictionaries definition)

Small Business Owners

• Small business owners are people who own a major equity stake in a company with fewer than 500 employees.

• In 1997 there were 22.56 million small business in the United States.

• 47% of people are employed by a small business.


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• Self-Actualization• Esteem• Love• Safety• Physiological

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs


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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsNeeds

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

MOST NEEDS HAVE TO DO WITHMOST NEEDS HAVE TO DO WITHSURVIVAL PHYSICALLY ANDSURVIVAL PHYSICALLY AND

PSYCHOLOGICALLYPSYCHOLOGICALLY


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SAFETY NEEDS

ON THE WHOLE AN INDIVIDUALON THE WHOLE AN INDIVIDUALCANNOT SATISFY ANY LEVELCANNOT SATISFY ANY LEVELUNLESS NEEDS BELOW AREUNLESS NEEDS BELOW ARE

SATISFIEDSATISFIED


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SAFETY NEEDS

LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS


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SAFETY NEEDS


ESTEEM NEEDS


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SELF-SELF-ACTUALIZATIONACTUALIZATION

NEEDNEEDFORFOR

MASLOW EMPHASIZES NEED MASLOW EMPHASIZES NEED FOR SELFFOR SELF

ACTUALIZATION ISACTUALIZATION ISA HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL’S A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL’S

PRIMEPRIMEMOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

BENAZIR BHUTTO SHAHEED YOUTH DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAM04/11/23


SELF-SELF-ACTUALIZATIONACTUALIZATION

NEEDNEEDFORFOR

MASLOW EMPHASIZES NEED FOR MASLOW EMPHASIZES NEED FOR SELFSELF

ACTUALIZATION ISACTUALIZATION ISA HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL’S PRIMEA HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL’S PRIME

MOTIVATIONMOTIVATIONSELF-ACTUALIZATION MEANS SELF-ACTUALIZATION MEANS

ACTUALIZING ACTUALIZING ONE’S POTENTIAL BECOMING ALL ONE ONE’S POTENTIAL BECOMING ALL ONE

ISISCAPABLE OF BECOMINGCAPABLE OF BECOMING


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SAFETY NEEDS


ESTEEM NEEDS

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

NEED


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Employee Satisfaction

• In companies with less than 50 employees, 44% were satisfied.

• In companies with 50-999 employees, 31% are satisfied.

• Business with more than 1000, only 28% are satisfied.


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2831

44

0

10

20

30

40

50

less than 50 50-999 1000+

Number of Employees

Sat

isfa

ctio

n P

erce

nta

ge

less than50

50-999

1000+


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Advantages of a Small Business

• Greater Opportunity to get rich through stock options

• Feel more important• Feel more secure • Comfort Level


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Disadvantages of a Small Business

• Lower guaranteed pay• Fewer benefits• Expected to have many skills• Too much cohesion• Hard to move to a big company• Large fluctuations in income possible


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Why NOT to be an Entrepreneur

• Uncertainty of income• Risk of losing entire invested capital• Lower quality of life until business gets

established• High levels of stress• Complete responsibility


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Who are entrepreneurs?

• Common traits– Original thinkers– Risk takers– Take responsibility for

own actions– Feel competent and

capable– Set high goals and enjoy

working toward them

• Common traits– Self employed parents– Firstborns– Between 30-50 years old– Well educated – 80% have

college degree and 1/3 have a graduate level degree


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Why should you be interested?

• Many young people have succeeded:– Michael Dell - Dell Computers– Frank Carney - Pizza Hut– Paul Orfalea - Kinko’s – Fred DeLuca - Subway.– Kristy Taylor - SkinCareRx.com

• Opportunity to reap large profits


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Successful and Unsuccessful Entrepreneurs

• Successful– Creative and Innovative– Position themselves in

shifting or new markets– Create new products– Create new processes– Create new delivery

• Unsuccessful– Poor Managers– Low work ethic– Inefficient– Failure to plan and

prepare– Poor money managers


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Characteristics of Entrepreneurs

Successful Entrepreneurs

Key Personal Attributes

Good Technical Skills

Strong Managerial Competencies


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Key Personal Attributes

• Entrepreneurs are Made, Not Born!– Many of these key attributes are developed early in life,

with the family environment playing an important role– Entrepreneurs tend to have had self employed parents

who tend to support and encourage independence, achievement, and responsibility

– Firstborns tend to have more entrepreneurial attributes because they receive more attention, have to forge their own way, thus creating higher self-confidence


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Key Personal Attributes (cont.)

• Entrepreneurial Careers– The idea that entrepreneurial success leads to more

entrepreneurial activity may explain why many entrepreneurs start multiple companies over the course of their career

– Corridor Principle- Using one business to start or acquire others and then repeating the process

– Serial Entrepreneurs- A person who founds and operates multiple companies during one career


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• Need for Achievement– A person’s desire either for excellence or to succeed in

competitive situations– High achievers take responsibility for attaining their goals,

set moderately difficult goals, and want immediate feedback on their performance

– Success is measured in terms of what those efforts have accomplished

– McClelland’s research


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• Desire for Independence– Entrepreneurs often seek independence from others– As a result, they generally aren’t motivated to perform

well in large, bureaucratic organizations– Entrepreneurs have internal drive, are confident in their

own abilities, and possess a great deal of self-respect


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• Self-Confidence– Because of the high risks involved in running an

entrepreneurial organization, having an “upbeat” and self-confident attitude is essential

– A successful track record leads to improved self-confidence and self-esteem

– Self-confidence enables that person to be optimistic in representing the firm to employees and customers alike


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• Self-Sacrifice– Essential– Nothing worth having is free– Success has a high price, and entrepreneurs have to be

willing to sacrifice certain things


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.

Ten Qualities of Prophet Mohammed

as successful entrepreneur

Islam is a complete way of life

•The revelation from Allah and the teaching of prophet Muhammad are not confined only to the belief and morals systems but also include the law that is suitable to be implemented to mankind..

•There is no separation between business and religion.

•By virtue of human Nature the Muslim entrepreneurs are khalifah , and have the responsibilities to develop prosperity and sees business as part of ibadah or good deed.• Islam encouraged its Ummah to venture into business prophet Muhammad said that 9 out of 10 sources of rizque can be found in business.

You are the khalifah of Allah !!!

Why we need a role model ?

• No community has been without its righteous guides and teachers to help its people towards the truth and to lead them from the depths of darkness to the light of Islam.

• Aristotle believes that we learn to be moral (virtuous) by modeling the behavior of moral people.

Who is our role model?

• He maintained the best characteristics in his roles as father, husband, friend, ruler, governor, teacher, statesman, protector of the weak, widows, and poor, a guide to the rich, a guardian of the orphans, and a servant of Allah. No one could ever equal the Prophet (sallallahu alaiyhi wa sallam) in the whole history of mankind and no one ever will, insha Allah.

Almighty Allah says: “There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the Last Day and [who] remembers Allah often.” [Al-Ahzab 33:21]

My choice of Muhammad to lead the list of the world's most influential persons may surprise some readers and may be questioned by others, but he was the only man in history who was supremely successful on both the religious and secular levels.

Ten qualities of prophet Mohammed :

1- Honesty 2- Trustworthy 3- Flexibility 4- Conscious responsibility 5- Good manner with his companions 6- Consulting his companions 7-The Messenger of God (PBUH) would serve himself.8-Recognizing His Companions’ Skills9 -Correcting His Companions’ Mistakes10- Gentleness is a key quality of Prophet Muhammad

1- Honesty

Honesty descended from the Heavens and settled in the roots of the hearts of men (faithful believers), and then the Quran was revealed and the people read the Quran, (and learnt it from it) and also learnt from the sayings and traditions. Both the Quran and the traditions strengthened their honesty. (Saheeh Al-Bukhari)

Honesty

Undoubtedly, no one can be more truthful and honest than the Messengers of God. Muhammad proved by his living example that he was the most truthful and honest person of his age. Everyone was impressed by his honesty and truthfulness. He was a poor orphan, who had started trading with his uncle, but in a very short time, owing to his honest and fair dealings with all people, he became well-known and respected. He was known as Al-Sadiq (the Truthful) and Al-Amin (the Faithful)

2-Trustworthy • The second attribute of Prophethood is amana, an Arabic

word which means ‘trustworthiness’.

• It is derived from the same root as the word mu’min, believer. Being a believer implies being ‘a trustworthy person’.

• Trustworthiness is such an essential aspect of belief that Prophet Muhammad once declared: "One who is not trustworthy is not a believer" (Ahmad). He also described a believer as one whom the people trust with their blood and property. (At-Tirmidhi)

3-Flexibility

• Muhammad (s) was never strict in his business dealings with others. Sa’ib ibn al-Sa’ib relates:

• During the age of ignorance, I was his [the Prophet’s] trade partner, and I found him the best of the partners in every respect. He neither argued with anyone nor was he obstinate and nor did he blame anything on his partner

In a hadith reported by Abdullah b. Omar Prophet Muhammad said: "We are all shepherds and we are all responsible for those who are under our hands (i.e. in our flocks). An administrator is a shepherd. The man is the shepherd of the family. A woman is the shepherd of her husband's home and children. We are all shepherds and we all are responsible for our duties as such."

4-Consciousness of Responsibility

"I am more rightful than other believers to be the guardian of the believers, so if a Muslim dies while in debt, I am responsible for the repayment of his debt, and whoever leaves wealth (after his death) it will belong to his heirs." (Al-Bukhari).

The Prophet was very close to his companions, and this is well-known when one reads the detailed reports about the Prophet’s biography. The Prophet (pbuh) is the example which we should emulate in all our matters. Jareer b. Abdullah said: ‘The Prophet (pbuh) did not prevent me from sitting with him since I accepted Islam. He always smiled when he looked at me. I once complained to him that I could not ride a horse and he hit me in my chest and supplicated God, saying:"O God! Steady him, and make him a person who guides others and a source of guidance." (Bukhari #5739)

5-Good manner with his companions

•The Prophet (pbuh) would consult his Companions, and take their opinions and points of view into consideration in issues and matters for which no textual proofs were revealed. Abu Hurairah said:

•"I have not seen a person more keen for the sincere advice of his companions than the Messenger of God (pbuh)." (Tirmidthi #1714)

6-Consulting his companions

In line with the divine command: {… and consult with them in the matter…} (Al `Imran, 3: 159), Prophet Muhammad used to consult with his companions before taking any decision. The Prophet’s counseling with his companions were so common that Abu Hurairah is reported to have said:

"I never saw anyone consult his companions more often than the Messenger of Allah." (Ahmad

7-The Messenger of God (pbuh) would serve himself:

A’ishah said:"I was asked how the Messenger of God (pbuh) behaved in his house. She said: ‘He was like any man; he washed his clothes, milked his sheep, and served himself." (Ahmed 24998)

The Prophet’s excellent manners, not only made him serve himself; rather, he would serve others as well. A’ishah said:"I was asked how the Messenger of God (pbuh) behaved in his house. She said: ‘He would help out in the house with the daily chores, and when he heard the Adthan he would leave [everything and head] for the Mosque." (Bukhari 5048)

A good leader is one who sees the positive traits of his team members and invests in them. This is exactly what the Prophet (peace be upon him) did with his companions.

One of the famous companions, Bilal ibn Rabah, had a very beautiful voice, and the Prophet being aware of this gift declared Bilal to be his official mu’adhin (one who calls Muslims to prayer). On the other hand, the Prophet (peace be upon him) refused to offer another distinguished companion, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, an administrative responsibility because he lacked the required skills

8-Recognizing His Companions’ Skills

9- Correcting His Companions’ Mistakes

. What is more important is learning from our mistakes and not repeating them. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) confirmed this meaning in his famous hadith which reads:"Every son of Adam makes mistakes, and the best of those who make mistakes are those who repent." (At Tirmidhi)Following the Quranic guidance, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) applied the same methodology when correcting his companions’ mistakes because he felt that it is his duty to do so, being the chosen Prophet (peace be upon him) to guide people to God.

10-Gentleness is a key quality of Prophet Muhammad

Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) loved his companions and cared for them a lot. His care and concern covered even those who had died, and this should be the quality of entrepreneur he should care about his employee more than any thing.

It is now the Muslims’ turn to re-live the conduct of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and embrace it in their daily lives.

If Muslims claim that they love their Prophet, they have to demonstrate this love by following the Prophet’s footsteps and his guidance in all walks of life; at home, at work, with their families, with relatives, with friends, with neighbors regardless of their race, faith, color or status.

Conclusion

Technical Proficiency

• Many entrepreneurs demonstrate strong technical skills, typically bringing some related experience to their business ventures

• For example, successful car dealers usually have lots of technical knowledge about selling and servicing automobiles before opening their dealerships

• Especially important in the computer industry• NOT ALWAYS NECESSARY


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Planning

• Business Plan – A step-by-step outline of how an entrepreneur or the owner of an enterprise expects to turn ideas into reality.


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Questions To Keep In Mind• What are my motivations for owning a business?

• Should I start or buy a business?

• What and where is the market for what I want to sell?

• How much will all this cost me?

• Should my company be domestic or global?


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Motivations

• Deciding what your motivations are will direct you toward what type of business fits you best.

• Types:1. Lifestyle Venture2. Smaller Profit Venture3. High Growth Venture


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1. Lifestyle Venture

• Small company that provides its owner independence, autonomy, and control.

• Is often run out of household• Provides flexibility (hours, meeting places,

attire)• Aligns your personal interests and hobbies

with your desire to make a profit.


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2. Smaller Profit Venture

• Small company not concentrated on pushing the envelope and growing inordinately large.

• Making millions of dollars not important.• Content with making a decent living.• Ex. Mom and retired people


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3. High Growth Ventures

• Goal is maximum profit and growth.• Concentrated on pushing envelope and

growing as large as possible.• Focus on innovation


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Start or Buy?

• Start – cheapest, but very difficult-requires most planning/research

• Buy – expensive – may be out or reach-requires less planning and research

• Franchise (middle ground) – a business run by an individual (the franchisee) to whom a franchiser grants the right to market a certain good or service.


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The Market???

• Planning & Research essential• Extensive market surveys (family, friends,

neighbors…)• Magazines and Polls offer some information

on the market -Businessweek, Harris Poll


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What about the cost?

• Plan realistically, not optimistically• Don’t overestimate your profits• Don’t underestimate your costs

• Sources of Funds• Banks• Venture Capitalists – filthy rich, high risk investors looking for a

many-times-over yield• Angels – seem to have altruistic motives and less stringent

demands than venture capitalists


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Domestic or Global?

• Drawbacks to Global – more research and less accessible connections in startup phase, more travel time required, more considerations.

• Advantages to Global – more human resources, more demand, more financing, easier to start global than go from domestic to global.


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Entrepreneurship: Growth Pressures

Entrepreneurs often find that as their business grows, they feel more pressure to use formal methods to lead their organizations.

Although this formalization process may compromise some entrepreneurs spirit, it often leads to more focus, organization, and greater financial returns.

Basically, it’s a movement from a “seat-of-the-pants” operation to a more structured, legitimate and recognizable business.


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Entrepreneurial and Formal Organizations differ in six business dimensions:

Strategic orientation Commitment to opportunity Commitment to resources Control of resources Management structure Compensation policy


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Entrepreneurship: Growth PressuresBusiness

DimensionEntrepreneurial

OrganizationFormal

Organization

Strategic orientation Seeks opportunity Controls resources

Commitment to opportunity

Revolutionary Short duration

EvolutionaryLong duration

Commitment to resources(capital, people, and equipment)

Lack of stable needs and resource bases

Systematic planning systems

Control of resources Lack of commitment to permanent ventures

Power, status, financial rewards for maintaining status quo

Management Structure

FlatMany informal networks

Clearly defined authority and responsibility

Compensation policy Unlimited; based on team’s accomplishments

Short-term driven; limited by investors


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Going Global….From domestic to worldwide expansion, globalization can be extremely rewarding for entrepreneurs.THINK: Money and Business Exposure

However, it is a huge undertaking. Adapting your business to operate in the global market can lead to a decrease in ownership, and a forced focus on raising money to keep your business alive.THINK: Selling out, Private to Public (Initial Public Offering, IPO)


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Entrepreneurship: Managing a Family Business

Over 50% of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is generated from family business.

12% of CEOs on the Inc. 500 list describe their company as a family business.

So, why not dream up a plan and go into business with your family or friends?


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Two reasons not to go into business with your family or friends.…

Families fightFriends fight.

Often, it involves money. So a business environment could potentially breed arguments, disagreements, and feuds.

Fighting can occur during early developmental stages when hours are long and pay is low. Or, after success has been achieved.


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Six steps to help lead you to a successful Family Business:

Clear job responsibilities Clear hiring criteria Clear plan for management transition Agreement on whether and when to sell business Commitment to resolving conflicts quickly Outside advisors are used to mediate conflicts.

Clarity is key…. but NO GUARANTEE.


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Operational vs. Survival Issues….

Operational = Decisions about the economics of the business and how to balance that with rational and family obligation criteria.THINK: Day-to-day grind.

Survival = Develop out of a lack of attention on the operational issues within the business.THINK: Festering problems; ultimately compromise livelihood.


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Entrepreneurship: Corporate INTRA-preneurs

Intrapreneur = someone in an existing organization who turns new ideas into profitable realities.

Not every employee has the ability to become a successful intrapreneur. It takes well-developed strategic action, teamwork and communication abilities.


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One More Time

• What is an entrepreneur?• Characteristics of an entrepreneur• Planning to be an entrepreneur• Growth pressures, managing a family

business, and corporate intrapreneurship


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Management Functions

Outlines

• Management process and functions• Fundamental management skills• Managerial roles

The Management Process

Hierarchical-Level Differences Among Managers

Planning Organizing LeadingControlling

Controlling

Controlling

Leading

Leading

Organizing

Organizing

Planning

Planning

Upper-Level

Managers

Middle-Level

Lower-Level

Proportion of Time

Skills and the

Manager Technical SkillsTechnical Skills

Interpersonal Interpersonal SkillsSkills

Conceptual Conceptual SkillsSkills

Diagnostic Diagnostic SkillsSkills

Communication Communication SkillsSkills

Decision-Decision-Making SkillsMaking Skills

Time-Time-Management Management SkillsSkills

Fundamental Management Skills

• Technical– Skills necessary to accomplish or understand the specific

kind of work being done in an organization.

• Interpersonal– The ability to communicate with, understand, and

motivate both individuals and groups.

• Conceptual– The manager’s ability to think in the abstract and to see

the “big picture.” To perceive how all the parts fit together.

3 Primary Managerial Skills

• Technical skills FOCUS IS ON WHAT IS DONE– Specialized knowledge and proficiency– Analytical ability– Works with things, tools and techniques

• Interpersonal skills FOCUS IS ON HOW SOMETHING IS DONE– Works with and through people– Effective as a group/team member– Motivates, communicates, and resolves conflicts

• Conceptual skills FOCUS IS ON WHY SOMETHING IS DONE– Sees the “big picture” (how the parts fit

together)– Understands the corporation as a whole– Future-oriented…thinks strategically

Management Skill Mixes at Different

Organizational Levels

1–81

Managerial Roles

• Interpersonal Roles– Organizational roles that involve serving as a figurehead, leader, and

liaison for an organization.

• Informational Roles– Organizational roles that involve monitoring, disseminating, and

serving as a organizational spokesperson.

• Decisional Roles– Organizational roles that involve serving as an entrepreneur,

disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator

Key Managerial RolesKey Key

ManagemeManagement Rolesnt Roles

Key Key ManagemeManageme

nt Rolesnt Roles

InterpersoInterpersonal Rolesnal Roles

InterpersoInterpersonal Rolesnal Roles

DecisionalDecisionalRolesRoles

DecisionalDecisionalRolesRoles

InformatioInformational Rolesnal Roles

InformatioInformational Rolesnal Roles

1.1. FigureheadFigurehead2.2. LeaderLeader3.3. LiaisonLiaison

1.1. FigureheadFigurehead2.2. LeaderLeader3.3. LiaisonLiaison

1.1. MonitorMonitor2.2. DisseminatDisseminat

oror3.3. SpokesperSpokesper

sonson

1.1. MonitorMonitor2.2. DisseminatDisseminat

oror3.3. SpokesperSpokesper

sonson

1.1. EntrepreneEntrepreneur ur (Innovator)(Innovator)

2.2. DisturbancDisturbance handlere handler

3.3. Resource Resource AllocatorAllocator

4.4. NegotiatorNegotiator

1.1. EntrepreneEntrepreneur ur (Innovator)(Innovator)

2.2. DisturbancDisturbance handlere handler

3.3. Resource Resource AllocatorAllocator

4.4. NegotiatorNegotiator

Intrapreneurship• There are people working in big org holding key

positions. They are quite innovative & bring many changes in products & methods of production. They possess all qualities of an entrepreneur. Top managements in big organisations encourage people holding key positions to come out with new ideas so that they can bring some changes in products & services. They are also known as enter corporate entrepreneurs or intraprenuers. They serve as champions to others in the organisation.

Entrepreneur Intraprenuer

1. Entrepreneur is employer 1. Intraprener is employee

2. Independent in operation 2. Depends on the organization to implement his ideas.

3. Bears all the risk involved in enterprise.

3. Does not bear all the risk.

4. Exhibits higher need for achievement. 4. May not have high need achievement

5. Profit is the reward. 5. Attractive salary, promotion & incentives are the reward.

6. May not have formal qualification. 6. Should have some professional or technical qualification.

7. Do not have any boundary for operations.

7. He has to operate within the organisational policies.

THEORIES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

• The Economist’s View• According to the economist entrepreneurship and

economic growth will take place in those situation where particular economic conditions are most favorable.

• According to J.B.Say rationally combining the forces of production into a new producing organization is the function of an entrepreneur.

• According to Cantillon an entrepreneur is an uncertainty bearer buying at a fixed price and selling at an uncertain price.

• Entrepreneur connects different markets, he is capable of gap-filling, he is input completer and he creates or expands things.

• Small industry is a natural habitat of the entrepreneur where his role is like that of a striker who keeps the fire burning.

• The entrepreneurship development in a particular country largely depends upon the economic policy, programme and economic environment of that country.

• The Sociologist’s View• It emerges under a specific social culture.• According to sociologist’s social sanctions,

cultural values and role expectations are responsible for the emergence of entrepreneurship.

• Society values are most important determinants of attitudes and role expectation.

e.g.Protestant ethic from west emerge as new class of

industrialist .Samurai from Japan ,Christians from Lebanon,Halai Memon Industrialist in Pakistan ,Marwaris & Parsis in India

The Psychologist’s view• It is most likely to emerge when a society

has sufficient supply of individuals possessing particular psychological characteristics.

• It’s the high need for achievement which drives people towards entrepreneurial activities .

• Individual with high achievement motive tend to take keen interest in situation of high risk ,desire for responsibility and desire for task performance

• Entrepreneur possesses three things i.e. an institutional capacity to see things in a way which later proves to be true, a kind of effort of will and mind to overcome fixed habits of thinking, lastly the capacity to overcome social opposition against doing something new.

• Frank Young describes an entrepreneur as a change agent

• T.V. Rao describes entrepreneurship as a creative and innovative response to environment.

• Managerial Views• This view gives more importance to the

managerial aspects like perception of market opportunities and operational skills as qualities required to carry out an enterprise.

• Entrepreneurship is the out come of complex and varying combination of socio economic, psychological and other factors.

CLASSIFICATION OF ENTREPRENUERS

• INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEUR: he is the one who introduces a new product or a new method of production or opens a new market or explore new source of supply of raw material or carry out a new type of organization. as per the Schumpeter innovative entrepreneur are real entrepreneur.

• IMITATIVE/ ADOPTIVE ENTREPRENEUR: are those who imitate the successful entrepreneurs in techniques innovated by others.

• DRONE ENTREPRENEUR: Drone entrepreneur are those who never allow any change in their production & style of functioning. They never explore anything. They are also called Laggards. They are pushed out of market when product loses its marketability.

• FABIAN ENTREPRENEUR: are always cautious. They neither introduce new changes nor adopt new methods invented by others. They are lazy. They follow old customs, old method of production, techniques.

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

• They are a woman or group of women who initiate, organize & operate a business enterprise.

• According to Marshal, any woman or group of woman who innovates, initiates, or adopts an economic activity may be called a woman entrepreneur.

• According to Government of India, it is an enterprise owned & controlled by woman or a woman having a minimum financial interest of 51% of the capital in the enterprise.

Family Business

• Major portion of capital is contributed by family.

• Family members take major decisions & they occupy decision making post.

• Number of generations involved in management & ownership.

• Management is controlled by direct descendant of founders.

• Intention to maintain family involvement.

FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL GROWTH

1. ECONOMIC FACTORS

a) Lack of adequate overhead facilities: Profitable innovations require basic facilities

like transportation, communication power supply etc. They reduce cost of production and increase profit.

b) Non availability of capital Inventions are capital oriented. In less

developed countries most capital equipment have to be imported which involves foreign exchange which acts as a difficult problem.

c) Great risk Risk is high in case of less developed

countries as there is lack of reliable information, markets for good and services is small etc.

d) Non availability of labor and skills Though there is abundant labor supply there is

generally scarcity of skills at all levels.

2. SOCIAL FACTORS A society that is rational in decision making would

be favorable for decision making. Education, research and training is given less importance in less developed countries therefore there is very little vertical mobility of labor.

3. CULTURAL FACTORS if the culture is economically or monetarily

oriented entrepreneurship would be applauded and praised. In less developed countries people are not economically motivated. People have ample opportunities of attaining social distinction by non economic pursuits.

4. PERSONALITY FACTORS In less developed countries the entrepreneur

is looked upon with suspicion. Public opinion in the less developed nations sees in the entrepreneur only a profit maker and exploited.

IMPORTANCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN DEVELOPED ECONOMY

• The nature of a developing economy is quite different from a developed economy. The developing economy can be an agricultural country moving towards the industrialization or it may be the one where in the industry may be in its infancy lacking advance technology.

• The modern era is an era of changes. The whole world is becoming a village due to the industrial revolution and fast developing communication technology. The globalization of industry and commerce is bringing a vast change in various aspects of life.

• Economic development of a country is the outcome of purposeful human activity.

• Economic development is a highly dynamic process characterized by the pattern of demand shifts, new products are needed, appear for the production of goods within a country.

• A developing country needs entrepreneurs who are competent to perceive new opportunities and are willing to incur the necessary risk in exploiting them.

• A developing economy is required to be brought out of the vicious circle of low income and poverty.

• Entrepreneur can break this vicious circle.• Entrepreneurs and helping government can

change a developing economy in developed economy .

MOTIVATION

• Motivation is the act of stimulating someone or oneself to get a desired course of action, to push the right button to get the desired results.

MOTIVATING FACTORS

• Education background• Occupational experience• Family background • Desire to work independently in

manufacturing line• Assistance from financial institution• Availability of technology• Other factors

Free Powerpoint Templates

Entrepreneurship:

Islamic Entrepreneurship

By

Nur Suhaili RamliAuckland, New Zealand

http://www.powerpointstyles.com/

Theories and Concepts:

Entrepreneurship is an integral parts of

Islamic religion

The Muslim entrepreneurs are ‘khalifah’ and have the responsibilities to develop prosperity and sees business as part of ‘ibadah’ or good deed.

Motivation – success in Islam is not merely measured by the end result but also the way and means of achieving them.


In Islam, the activity also known as Ibadah –or good deed

Position of Entrepreneurship andbusiness in Islam - encouraged to venture into business. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) expounded that 9 out 10 sources of sustenance are through business.


Islamic Economic System - IslamicEntrepreneurship should operate within thedomain of Islamic Economic system and actas the vehicle towards global acceptance ofIslamic Economic System.

Guiding Principles of IslamicEntrepreneurship is by the alQuran and al-Hadith

Entrepreneurial Ethics based onexemplary conducts of ProphetMuhammad (PBUH)

ISLAMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS INTEGRAL PART OF THE RELIGION

Islam is a complete way of life. There is no separation between business and religion. Islam has its own entrepreneurship culture and guiding principles based on the Al-Quran and Hadith to guide business operation

HUMAN NATURE (The fitrah of human being)

By virtue of the human nature, the person must firstly be a Muslim, then an entrepreneur. He has the responsibility to perform ‘ibadah’ and be a ‘khalifah’. Muslim entrepreneur should search for God’s blessings above all other factors. A Muslim entrepreneur perform business not solely for profit, but above all, to fulfill the ‘fardhu kifayah’.

Motivation:

• Most entrepreneurs have the desire to achieve successful business venture.

• The successful path and means for achieving success for Muslim entrepreneurs are unique.

• Success in Islam is not merely measured by the end result, but also the means and ways of achieving them.

SUCCESS FORMULA BY AL-QURTUBI:

Halal – livelihood that are in accordance to what is being outlined by Allah SWT and syariah.

Qanaah–be pleased and thankful with one’s earning

Taufiq-Asking for the blessing of Allah in proportion to one’s expectation

Sa’adah-Spiritual happiness

Jannah–Worldly success should act as thebridge to the ultimate success in the lifehereafter (paradise).

SEVEN STEPS TOWARDS A

SUCCESS IN LIFE ACCORDING TO

IMAM AL-GHAZALI

Level of Knowledge

Level of Taubat or repentence

Level of Temptatio

n

Level of Motivation Level of Handicap

Level of Obstacl

es

Level of Praise and Thankfulness

POSSESSION OF WEALTH IS ALLOWED BASED ON THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES:-

• Allah S.W.T is the absolute owner of wealth

• Allah created wealth in abundance and sufficient for all

• Wealth is created for mankind

• Wealth is entrusted to mankind

IBADAH

In Islam, involving in business is part of ibadah through the fulfilment of fardhu

kifayah.

POSITION OF BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEUR:

ISLAMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP MODEL

Islam Proposed(Business Venture)

Allah Prepared(Facilities)

Islam Outlined(Rules and Regulation)

Allah Promised(Reward)

ISLAMIC ECONOMIC SYSTEM:

Islamic Entrepreneurship should be in the framework of Islamic Economic System and should assist in establishing the Islamic Economic System

GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP:

Guidelines for Islamic Entrepreneurship and

business activities are wide and comprehensive based on

Al-Quran and Al-Hadith.

MUSLIM ENTREPRENEURSHIP ETHICS:

To prevent laziness To eradicate fear To search for legitimate ventures To avoid forbidden sources of income and property To show gratitude and thankfulness of whatever has been acquired To grow and develop capital and profit To diversify business ventures To avoid greediness

THE ETHICAL BEHAVIOR OF MUSLIM ENTREPRENEURSHIP

To avoid malicious behavior To avoid squandering To avoid stinginess To pay alms (zakat) Trustworthy To pray consistently Tawakkal Patience Qana’ah

EXEMPLARY CONDUCTS OF GOOD MUSLIM ENTREPRENEURS DURING THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD S.A.W REIGN

• Business is secondary when being called for other form of crusade

• Avoid using influence for self interest

• Afraid of accumulated wealth

• Leadership qualities in all aspects

• Practice moderate way of life

References:

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Characteristics_of_Islamic_Entrepreneurship

www.perlis.uitm.edu.my/medec/images/.../ent300_module01.ppt

Evolution of Entrepreneurship &

Top Business Families in Pakistan

• Today we found many enterprises groups in our country including some important as:

• Saigal group• Dewan group• Habib group etc. The domestic production of manufacturing

good was established and flourished in Ayub Khan’s era of mid 50’s.

He gave extensive incentives to the local business man.

Evolution of Entrepreneurship in Pakistan

• This led to the development of a class of industrialists, later known notoriously as the twenty-two families

• “The Ayub Khan era was the 22 families’ heyday. They flourished mightily in that era, setting up one industry after another and expanding into sector after sector, until it seemed that they virtually controlled the economy. Banking, insurance, textiles, consumer goods - everything was

grist for their mill.” (Omer)

• Later on the nationalization by Bhutto become a tragic story for these wealthy families

Conti….

• After coming in power from one of those rich family into politics (Sharif Family) they started returning back these assets to them.

• Rejuvenation of business scenario in private sector

• Business friendly era during1990’s• As a result new business families emerged and

the existing families resuscitated themselves

Conti….

• Military regime of Pervaiz Mushraf continued the process of liberalization by privatizing the state-owned enterprises

• Current Govt. is also following the same policies of Privatization.

Conti….

1947-58 Era of emerging exchange rate and trade policies and import substitution industrialization.

1953-64 Virtually all imports into Pakistan were regulated by some form of quantitative controls

1950-55 Large scale sector experienced phenomenal growth rates of over 20%

1950’s Introduction and active functioning of “Import Licensing System”

1958-68 The “decade of development”, industry experienced a relatively higher growth rate

Historical Overview

1958-70 65% of total loans disbursed by PICIC, went to 37 monopoly houses, with the largest 13 of these accounting for about 70% of the loans

1972-77 Bhutto’s regime characterized by Nationalization. Caused some dent in elite power.

Still however banks continued to lend on the basis of political and governmental influence.

1977-88 Zia years of encouragement of private sector,preference still given to large scale sector

1988-present

Privatization and liberalization of state owned enterprisesInto the private sector. (rich families)

Continued……

• Short-listing Pakistan's most influential business magnates or Groups has never been an easy task

• Among these gifted individuals, you will find politicians-turned-businessmen, businessmen-turned-politicians or even the businessmen-cum-politicians.

• Thus we take the pride of announcing these names with focusing on Business men’s only

Top Business Families in Pakistan

1- Mian Muhammad Mansha Yaha

• Worth: £1.25b ($2.5billion)• Mansha has around 40 companies on board

• Nishat Textile• Nishat Power• MCB Bank• D. G Khan Cement• Adamjee Inssurance

• Nishat Group was country's 15th richest family in 1970, 6th in 1990 and Number 1 in 1997

Conti……

• He give the bid for UBL• He also offer a bid PSO along with Patronas• There is no stopping Mansha and he is still on

the move.• The Govt. of Pakistan has Awarded Sitara-e-

Imtiaz (The Honor of Distinction) to Mansha

• Worth: £750m ($1.5billion) • The Bestway Group started in 1976 with its first

Bestway cash and carry warehouse opened in London• Bestway Group ventured into Pakistan's huge the

cement business in 1995 and set up cement manufacturing plant in Pakistan at a cost of $120 million.

• They also acquired a 25.5% stake in United Bank Limited in 2002

• He is still on the move!

2- Anwar Pervaiz

• Habib is a prominent Muslim Khoja business family in Pakistan

• A profile of Rafiq Habib in an Economic Review stated that the Habib group has owned over 90 companies

• Habib group's most famous and successful subsidiary is its Banking and Finance division.

• Indus Motors assembling Corolla cars and many dozens of units in sectors such as jute, paper sack, minerals, steel, tiles, synthetics sugar, glass, construction, concrete, farm autos, banking, oil, computers, music, paper, packages, leasing and capital management

3-Habib Family

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoja

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan

• Habibs today are headed by Rafiq Habib and Rashid Habib in two distinct groups

• What makes them extremely influential players of all times is the fact that for dozens of top businessmen today, Habib were a myth once.

• Having many companies outside Pakistan

Conti…..

• Saddaruddin Hashwani is Chairman Hashoo Group with a net worth of Worth: £550m ($1.1billion)

• Hashwanis are involved in trading of cotton, grain and steel

• Today, this group has excelled in export of rice, wheat, cotton and barley. It owns textile units, besides having invested billions in mines, minerals. hotels, insurance, batteries, tobacco, residential properties, construction etc

4-Hashwani Family

• Worth: £425m ($850) Industry• pioneer of the Saigol dynasty in 1890 was Amin Saigol who

established a shoe shop that eventually transformed into Kohinoor Rubber Works

• In 1948, Saigols established the Kohinoor Textile Mills with a cost of Rs 8 million

• They bought the United Bank in 1959 and then witnessed five of their units getting nationalized

• They lived in Saudi Arabia during the Bhutto regime• Their portfolio includes Kohinoor Textile Mills, (PEL), Kohinoor

Power, Kohinoor Energy, Kohinoor Motors etc

5-Saigal Family

• Dewan Mushtaq Group is one of the Pakistan's largest industrial conglomerates in sectors like polyester acrylic fiber, manufacturing and automotives

• Dewan Farooqui Motors assembles around 10,000 cars annually under technical license agreement with Hyundai and Kia Motors of Korea

• The Dewan Salman Fiber is the pride of this empire as it ranks 11th in the world in total production capacity

• They also have the franchise license for BMW in Pakistan and now Rolls Royce showrooms.

• The group owns three textile units, a motorcycle manufacturing concern and the largest sugar unit in the country

6- Dewan Family

• Mr Yakoub is a prominent Pakistani expatriate businessman based in Dubai.

• He is the president ARY group ($1.5Billion turnover) and World Memon Organization (WMO)

• Pakistan's biggest media barons controlling around 7 channels• Besides this he has a huge property holdings in Karachi,

Islamabad and Dubai amounting to over $200m• He is major in the gold market also having around 20 outlets

in Asia.

7- Abdul Razzaq Yakoub (ARY)

• Not having the biggest Business like Men• They were having less opportunities• Mainly engaged in Clothing, Designing,

Boutiques, Beauty Salons, Jewelry etc• Here we will discuss some one else who really

did something daring

Women Entreprenures

• Varan Tours, Sadar , Rawalpindi• She established a transport company initially with only

one bus• Then No increased to 75• She dispel the notion that woman entrepreneurs

restrict themselves to certain traditional businesses• Big problem was inconsistency in the transport

policies of successive governments• Along with the profit motive, she wanted to start a

quality transport service for the working women

Uzma Gul

Ayesha Zeenat (GINA)

• Pappasalis, Islamabad • She did a Diploma in Hotel and Restaurant

Management from the Conrad Hilton College, University of Houston

• After doing many jobs, she realized that there is no future in seeking a good job.

• She started her own first original Italian restaurant in Islamabad

• It was as a big risk, as Islamabad was not an easy city for a food business

• She won a legal case against her Business

Robina Jamil • Robina and her family underwent severe financial distress 10

years ago• She then started a business of assembling toys, plastic clips and

artificial jewelry with the help of her father and brother.• The crucial step was to get her first order, which proved to be a

really difficult task. • She hired two women and trained them to market her products• The business has graduated from its infancy stage• I have built a network now on the basis of the • trust that we have developed over the last ten years

Discussion

LEADERSHIP GRID

What is Leadership ?

There are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there are persons who have attempted to define the conceptWe define managerial leadership as the process of directing and influencing the task related activities of group members.

Implications of Leadership.

Leadership involves other people by their willingness to accept directions from the leader it helps in the leadership processIt involves unequal distribution of powers between leaders and group membersThe ability to use different forms of power to influence followers behaviors in a number of waysThe last aspect combines all three and says that leadership is about values.

Four Factors of Leadership • Leader :You must have an honest understanding of who you

are, what you know, and what you can do. Also, note that it is the followers, not the leader or someone else who determines if the leader is successful. If they do not trust or lack confidence in their leader, then they will be uninspired. To be successful you have to convince your followers, not yourself or your superiors, that you are worthy of being followed.

• Communication :You lead through two-way communication. Much of it is nonverbal. For instance, when you "set the example," that communicates to your people that you would not ask them to perform anything that you would not be willing to do. What and how you communicate either builds or harms the relationship between you and your employees.

• Followers :Different people require different styles of leadership. For example, a new hire requires more supervision than an experienced employee. A person who lacks motivation requires a different approach than one with a high degree of motivation. You must know your people! The fundamental starting point is having a good understanding of human nature, such as needs, emotions, and motivation. You must come to know your employees' be, know, and do attributes.

• Situation :All situations are different. What you do in one situation will not always work in another. You must use your judgment to decide the best course of action and the leadership style needed for each situation. For example, you may need to confront an employee for inappropriate behavior, but if the confrontation is too late or too early, too harsh or too weak, then the results may prove ineffective.

What is Leadership Grid.?• Leadership grid explains how leaders help

organize actions to achieve to achieve their objectives through the factors of concern for production or results (task behaviour) and concern for people (relationship behaviour).

• The grid consists of two axes – Y-axis representing concern for production while X-axis representing concern for people on a scale 9 points. 1 represents minimum concern and 9 the maximum.

Elements of leadership gridAuthority – Compliance Management or

task management Leaders who fall in this category heavily emphasize results with minimum concern for people. They consider people merely as a means to achieve desired results. The leader is often characterized as controlling, overpowering, over driving and coercive.

Country club management Leaders falling in this category are those who are concerned more welfare and personal needs of people and lack the focus on task accomplishment. The leader is often characterized democratic but also is seen as ineffective in driving the people toward achievement of goals.

Impoverished management (1,1) Leaders in this category are generally those who arrived here merely by means of their position, and are simply viewed as going through the motions of being a leader. They are characterized as indifferent, non-committal, un-involved and withdrawn.

Middle of the road management (5,5) Leaders in this category seem to achieve a “balance” between people relationships and results, but are basically compromisers in nature. They compromise on conviction to make some progress and as a result miss out on push for results and also on drive for creating a true team culture. Such leader is characterized as avoiding conflicts.

• Team management Leaders in this category consider people relation, commitment and empowerment as a means of achieving goals. They are open to learning, view conflicts as opportunity for innovative thinking, clarify goals and set high expectation and provide learning opportunity for people in the course of completion of the task. Such leader is characterized as driving trust and learning in the teams.

Leadership Grid Model.• The managerial grid model (1957) is

a behavioural leadership model developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton. This model originally identified five different leadership styles based on the concern for people and the concern for production. The optimal leadership style in this model is based on Theory Y.

Conclusion• The grid theory has continued to

evolve and develop. Robert Blake updated it with in (Daft, 2008). The theory was updated with two additional leadership styles and with a new element, resilience. In 1999, the grid managerial seminar began using a new text, The Power to Change.

Leadership Theories

“Great Man” Theories Trait Theories Contingency Theories Situational Theories Behavioral Theories Participative Theories Management Theories Relationship Theories

“Great Man” Theories

Great Man theories assume that the capacity for leadership is inherent – that great leaders are born, not made. These theories often portray great leaders as heroic, mythic, and destined to rise to leadership when needed. The term “Great Man” was used because, at the time, leadership was thought of primarily as a male quality, especially in terms of military leadership.

Trait Theories

Similar in some ways to “Great Man” theories, trait theory assumes that people inherit certain qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership. Trait theories often identify particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. But if particular traits are key features of leadership, how do we explain people who possess those qualities but are not leaders? This question is one of the difficulties in using trait theories to explain leadership.

Contingency Theories

Contingency theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. According to this theory, no leadership style is best in all situations. Success depends upon a number of variables, including the leadership style, qualities of the followers, and aspects of the situation.

Situational Theories

Situational theories propose that leaders choose the best course of action based upon situational variable. Different styles of leadership may be more appropriate for certain types of decision-making.

Behavioral Theories

Behavioral theories of leadership are based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born. Rooted in behaviorism, this leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders, not on mental qualities or internal states. According to this theory, people can learn to become leaders through teaching and observation.

Participative Theories

Participative leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that takes the input of others into account. These leaders encourage participation and contributions from group members and help group members feel more relevant and committed to the decision-making process. In participative theories, however, the leader retains the right to allow the input of others.

Management Theories

Management theories (also known as “Transactional theories”) focus on the role of supervision, organization, and group performance. These theories base leadership on a system of reward and punishment. Managerial theories are often used in business; when employees are successful, they are rewarded; when they fail, they are reprimanded or punished.

Relationship Theories

Relationship theories (also known as “Transformational theories”) focus upon the connections formed between leaders and followers. These leaders motivate and inspire people by helping group members see the importance and higher good of the task. Transformational leaders are focused on the performance of group members, but also want each person to fulfill his or her potential. These leaders often have high ethical and moral standards.

So, What Is Leadership?

The process of leading. Those entities that perform one or more acts

of leading. The ability to affect human behavior so as to

accomplish a mission designated by the leader.

A process (not a position) whereby an individual works through a series of interactive stages.

Potential of Pakistanin variety of fields

04/11/23BENAZIR BHUTTO SHAHEED

YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

Exports$30.9 billion (2011 est.)Main export partnersUS 15.8%,UAE 7.9%, China 7.3%, UK 4.3%, Germany 4.2% (2010)Export goods textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugs.

Imports $39.9 billion (2011 est.)Main import partnersChina 17.9%, Saudi Arabia 10.7%, UAE 10.6%, Kuwait 5.5%, US 4.9%, Malaysia 4.8% (2010)Import goods petroleum and petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea .

Labour force 55.77 million (2010 est.)Pakistan is one of few countries in the World to have 60 % or more Young labour force.Labour force by occupationagriculture: 43%,industry: 20.3%, services: 36.6% Unemployment 6.2% (2011 )Main industriestextiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp

LABOUR FORCE OF PAKISTAN

SALT RICH PAKISTAN

Second Largest Salt mine inthe World Khewra with 3,00,000 ton annual production

CANAL IRRIGATION

Pakistan has the World’s Largest canal Irrigation system in the World with 58,500 Km length

Silk Route & Karakoram Highway

Silk Route was trade link

between the East and the

West around 100 BC and

lasted until the 15th

Century.

Karakoram Highway Eighth

Wonder of the World and

Highest Paved Road in the

world 1300 km long and

height 15,750 feet

Tarbella is the Second largest dam in The World with 12,20,00,000 Cu.M. capacity.The dam is 485 feet (148 m) high. The dam forms the Tarbela Reservoir, with a surface area of approximately 250-sq.km.Construction cost $ 1,497 Mln.Length 2743 meters (9000 feet)

Maximum capacity4200 MW

TARBELLA DAM ONE OF THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD

GOLD MINES IN PAKISTAN

5th Largest Gold deposit in the World is in Rekodek,Pakistan with estimation of $ 260 Billion. But Dr. Samar Mubarak mand says deposits are worth $ 1.2 Trillion

COPPER DEPOSITS

• 5th Largest Copper deposits which can produce 15,810 tons annually from Rekodek only.

• 40,000 tons soon production by Australian company Tethyan Copper Company (TCC) Australian BHP Billiton with three times more production than Rekodek with $ 75 Million exports of copper .

REKODEK DEPOSITS SUMMARY

• The first phase of the project is designed to produce 15,810 tonnes copper, 2.8 tonnes silver, 1.5 tonnes gold, and 30,000 tonnes iron annually.

• Ore bodies of more than 350 million tonnes deposits.

• Pakistan's first metallurgical copper-gold project went into commercial to save Rs 2.5 billion annually.

• Under this agreement, MCC would generate for Pakistan 500,000 dollars per month for over 10 years plus 50 percent of the total revenue from mineral sale.

• Similarly, Balochistan would receive 0.7 million dollars as annual royalty.

BLACK GOLD ABUNDANCE

One of the largest Coal deposits in the World at Thar around 10,000 Km and 184,575 metric tons or 850 trillion Cubic feet.

RICE EXPORT PAKISTAN

5th largest Rice exporter in the World with 4.5 million tons of Finest Quality rice.

The country’s domestic consumption of milled rice is about 2.3 million tonnes.

Pakistan had a bumper crop of 6.7 million tonnes of milled rice in 2010/11and exported about 4.5 million tonnes.

TOP WHEAT PRODUCER

8th Largest Wheat producer in the World with 23.5 million metric tons of wheat production Annually. It contributes 14.4 percent to the value added in agriculture and 3.0 percent to GDP.Target 25 + million MT.

COTTON PRODUCTION

4th largest cotton producer with 16 million bales production per annum.

ATOMIC NUCLEAR POWER

•CHASNUPP 1-325 MW13 june 2000•CHASNUPP 2-325 MW14 March 2011•CHASNUPP 3-330 MW 2016•CHASNUPP 4-330 MW 2017•KANNUP 1-137 MW•18 October 1971•KANNUP 2 - 600 MW•Work stoped•KANNUP 3 - 400 MW•Construction awaited

GWADAR THE FUTURE OF PAKISTAN

Gwadar is the Largest Deep sea port in the world with 47 Km wide channel for mother vessels.It’s a Free port city, located neaest to bay of Hurmaz and will be the most modern city in Pakistan with all latest facilities.

GRAND THAR DESERT

• Thar is one of the Largest Deserts in the World with 2,00,000 sq. Km area and Worlds 9th largest desert.

ENGLISH SPEAKING NATION

• Pakistan is the 9th largest English speaking nation in the World

LARGEST GHEE PRODUCER

Pakistan is the Largest Producer of Ghee in the World.The edible oil industry is comprised of about 100 mills producing vegetable ghee / cooking oil. The installed capacity of these units is around 1.8 million metric tons. 24 units are in the public sector under the management and/or ownership of the. Ghee Corporation of Pakistan and approximately 76 companies are in the private sector. The GCP with approximately 37 % of the market is the dominating force in the industry.

CHICKPEAS

Pakistan is the Second Largest Producer of the Chickpeas with 8,42,000 Tonnes And 10 % of the Worlds production in pakistan only.

MOTORWAY OF PAKISTAN

Motorway Pakistan is the safest and Peaceful motorway in All Asia region.M1= Peshawar to

IslamabadM2= Islamabad to

LahoreM3= Pindi Bhattian to

FaisalabadM8= Gwadar to Ratto deroThe most interesting fact is that it can be used by Pakistan Air Force to land or take off many Fighter Jets.

COTTON (60 % of total Export by cotton-textile)

• 4th largest producer of Cotton-Textile with Cotton Production target of 16 million bales for 2012.

• Pakistan’s economy relies heavily on its cotton and textile sectors. Altogether, the cotton-textile sectors account for 11 percent of GDP and 60 percent of export receipts.

APRICOT, Pakistan is No. 3 in the World

• Pakistan Prod. 325,779 Tons• Pakistan No.3 & india No. 38• Grown from 5000 years in

Subcontinent• Cane or Juice 22 %• Dry Apricot 60 %• Freeze 5%• Fresh 13%• Grown in 63 Countries &

1,00,000 acres• 100 types of apricot, 32 types in

Pakistan • $ 700 Million can be earned

extra if cold storage available in Pakistan for Apricot

SUGARCANE

Sugarcane production of the World 1,743,068,525 tonsPakistan is World no. 5 with 50,045,400 tons after brazil, india, china and Thailand. With a world harvest of over 1 billion tonnes of sugar cane stock per year, the global potential is over 100,000 GWh for production of electricity.

PAKISTAN4th largest producer of onion in the World.

PRODUCTION:1- China-20,817,295 tons2- India-8,178,300 tons3- USA-3,349,170 tons4-Pakistan-2,015,200 tonsDomestic Consumption 1,500,000 (1.5 mln.tons)sindh: 30%Balochistan 38%Punjab 22 %KPK 10%

2nd largest MILK PRODUCTION PAKISTAN

•Pakistan is 2nd largest Buffalo milk producer in the World with 2,03,72,000 tones (23.53% of the World) comparing to china 29,00,000 tones at No 3.•World Production 8,65,74,539 tones

PAKISTAN- 4thlargest producer of Date palm in World

1- Egypt- 13,50,000 MT.2- Iran – 10,80,000 MT3- Saudia 10,52,000 MT4- Pakistan 7,35,000 MT.

LARGEST MANGOES PRODUCER in the WORLD is PAKISTAN

largest producer of Mangoes in the World 1- Pakistan 13.6 Million tons (39%)2- China 4.2 Million tons3- Thailand 2.5 Million tons6- India 1.8 Million tonsWORLD: 34.9 Million tons

Pakistani Mango:Chaunsa, Dusehri, Langra, Desi, Anwar Ratoul, Sindhri, Fajri, Saroli, Bagan Pali, Alphonso, Muhammad Wole, Neelum

TANGERINE, ORANGE (Malta)MANDARIN ORANGE(Kinnow)

11th largest producer of tangerines and mandarin orange (kinnow) with 640,000 tones annually and Orange (Malta) 1.7 Million tons apart from Tangerine and Mandarin Orange.

RANKING COUNTRY POPULATION WORLD %

1 CHINA 1,339,724,852 19.16%

2 INDIA 1,210,193,422 17.31%

3 USA 312,962,000 4.48%

4 INDONESIA 237,641,326 3.4%

5 BRAZIL 192,376,496 2.75%

6 PAKISTAN 178,609,000 2.55%

RANKING OF PAKISTAN IN THE WORLD BY POPULATION

GRAND COAST LINE 1046 Km The coastline of Pakistan

extends 1,046 km, 250 km falling in Sind 800 km in Balochistan.Its Exclusive Economic Zone

(EEZ) covers an area of 196,600 sq.km.

The territorial waters cover an area of 24,000 km2.

Well-known beaches in Pakistan include Somniani, Hingol River, Ormara, Pasni, and Gawadar in Balochistan, and Clifton and Hawks Bay in Sindh.

RANK FOR AGRICULTURE OUTPUT

1-China = $ 1,028.742 Bln2-India = $ 751.173 Bln.3-USA = $ 161.236 Bln4-Indonesia= $ 157.572 Bln5-Brazil = $ 147.700 Bln6-Nigeria =$ 113.385 Bln7-Pakistan = $ 101.348 Bln8-Turkey = $ 92.209 Bln9-Iran = $ 90.052 Bln10-Russia = $ 88.918 Bln

SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS of PAKISTAN (OUR PRIDE)

• 7th largest pool of scientists and engineers in the World.

LARGEST BIRD SANCTUARY IN THE WORLD

• One of the Largest Bird Sanctuary in the world Haleji Lake

EXPLOSIVES & SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION

PROPELLANTS AND EXPLOSIVES• Artillery ammunition propellant• Mortar and rocket ammunition

propellant• Small bust• ammunition propellant• Demolition explosives

PYROTECHNICS AND DEMOLITION STORES

• Flare (trip-wire) Mk 2/2• Shooting (pencil type)• Demolition charge #16

IN.BeeHive MK• Demolition 1 OZ CE PRIMER

Small arms ammunition• 7.62X51mm Ball (NATO)• 7.62x 51mm Tracer• 7.62x 51mm Link Belted• 7.62 x 51mm Blank (Star

Crimped)• 7.62 x 39mm• 9 x19 mm Ball• 5.56 x 45mm M-855• 5.56 x 45mm M-193Smoke grenades

9th largest COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MANUFACTURER in the World

CAR MANUFACTURE2010-111300-1600 CC (2000 cc Diesel)Honda Civic- 6408Honda City- 9294Suzuki Liana- 614Suzuki Swift- 4376Toyota Corolla- 41,419Suzuki Baleno- 0Nissan Sunny- 0Kia- 0Total= 62,111

MOTOR CYCLE PRODUCTION PAKISTAN

Honda= 5,70,777Yamaha=1,14,845Suzuki= 20,259Sohrab= 3607Sohrab Triwheel= 1560Qing Chi= 21,290Hero= 41,972Ravi= 8,38,26,882Sazgar= 15,699Habib= 21,659Total= 8,38,550

INCOME FROM I.T.

• Pakistani reserves from IT industry will reach $ 5 Billion in 2012

• Many American and European companies are planning to start their development centers in Pakistan as IT skilled persons are in abundance in Pakistan

GEM AND JEWELLERY

Pakistan is one of the Largest Gem and Jewellery exporter with exports of $ 0.75 Billion in 2004 and will be $ 1.7 Billion by 2015.

MOBILE PHONESusers in Pakistan 111,126,434 in October 2011, reaching a tele-density of 65.2 percent, Pakistani mobile phone users exchanged 175.4 billion text messages in 2010, up from 151 billion text messages in 2009Mobile phones are growing by about 1.0 million a month, long distance rates are down by two third in five years and 80 % down for data transmission

2 crore net users in Pakistan

Pakistani internet users have been on the rise with accelerated pace, crossing 20 million benchmark with a greater percentage accessing the internet via mobile phones, said Freedom on the Net in it’s 2011 annual report.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES

Foreign exchange reserves of Pakistan are 17,790 million US $ on September 2011 at 59th position in the world

PAKISTANI SATELLITE

• Pakistan among 7 top countries in the World to launch their Satellites

• Pakistan’s PAK SAT is one of the largest Domestic satellite systems.

PAKISTAN SPACE PROGRAM• Pakistan is one of rare countries to

have a space program, and all the satellites are build inside Pakistan by Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission, best known as SUPARCO is an executive agency of the Govt. of Pakistan, responsible for nation's public and civil space programme and aeronautics and aerospace research.

• Pakistan Remote Sensing Satellite (PRSS), commercially known (RSSS) is an dual purpose Earth Observational and optical satellite which is schedule to launch by the end year of 2012 for the replacement of Badar 2 satellite.

PHARMACEUTICAL

• Very strange facts to be disclosed

• Medicines registered in USA 5000

• Medicines registered in India 5000

• Medicines registered in Pakistan 55,000

• Medicines registered in Pakistan from 2008-2012 are 27,000 in just 4 years

• There is no drug control authority in Pakistan

• Pakistan only issues drug licence but donot have any renewal authority

• WORLD RECORD BY PAKISTAN…….4000 medicines registered in just one day…………….wow

EDUCATION

PRIMARY SCHOOLS 1,56,592MIDDLE SCHOOLS 3,20,611HIGH SCHOOLS 23,964DEGREE COLLEGES 1202TTC’s & VTC’s 3125UNIVERSATIES 132ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGES 3213Population 10 Yrs/above 60 %Male Literacy = 69 %Female = 45 %

POPULATION OF PAKISTAN 18,73,43,000

Growth rate: 1.6%Birth rate 31/1000Death rate 8/1000Life: 63.39 Yrs.Male: 62.40 Yrs.Female: 64.44 Yrs.Fertility: 3.58 Children/woman

Age Structure:0-14 Yrs: 36.7 %Male = 3,30,37,943Female = 3,10,92,57215-64 Yrs. 59.1 %Male =5,36,58,173Female = 4,95,00,78665 Yrs. & above 4.2 %Male =34,95,350Female = 37,93,734

RICHEST PAKISTANI’s1-Mian Mansha $ 5 Bln.

(MCB)2- Asif Zardari $ 1.8 bln.

(Politics)3- Anwar Pervez $ 1.5 bln.

(Cash & Carry) 4- Nawaz sharif $ 1.4 bln.

(Ittefaq Foundry)5- S. Hashwani $ 1.1bln.

(PC & marriott)6- Nasir Schon $ 1.0 bln

(Schon Group)7- A.R.Yaqoob $ 1.0 Billion

(ARY)

8- Rafiq Habib $ 900 Mln (HBL)9- Tariq Saigol $ 850 mln

(sehgal Group)10- Dewan Mushtaq $ 800 Mln

(Dewan Group)11- Sultan Lakhani $ 800 Mln

(Lakson Group)12- Malik Riaz $ 800 Mln

(Bahria Town)13- Seth Abid $ 780 Mln

(Greenfort)14- Mian Latif $ 700 Mln

(Chen one)15- Abdul Ghafoor $ 660 Mln.

(Sitara group)

AN INTEGRATED DEFINITION

Entrepreneurship is a dynamic process of vision, change, and creation. It requires an application of energy and passion towards the creation and implementation of new ideas and creative solutions.

All definitions of entrepreneurship includes

• Newness, organizing, creating, wealth and risk taking

• Entrepreneurs are found in all professions

• Individuals have difficulty bringing their ideas to the market & creating a new venture

• Yet entrepreneurial decisions have resulted in several new businesses through out the world

• Despite recession- inflation- high interests rate, lack of infrastructure-economic uncertainty & high probability of failure

Deciding to become an entrepreneur by leaving present activity

Changing from present life style

Work Environment

Disruption

Types of Start-Ups

• Lifestyle firm-a small venture that supports the owners and usually does not grow

• Foundation Company-is created from research and development that usually does not go public.

• High-potential venture-has high growth potential and receives the greatest investment interest and publicity.

• Gazelles-very high growth ventures.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

• More than per capita and income, it involves change in business and society. This change is accompanied by growth and increased output, which allows more wealth to be divided among the various participants

• What facilitates needed change and development?

• One theory of economic growth depicts innovation as the key not only in developing new products but also stimulating investment interest in the new ventures being created. The new capital created expands the capacity for growth

• It is the process through which innovation develops and commercializes through entrepreneurial activity which in turn stimulates economic growth

Economic Impact of Entrepreneurial Firms

• Innovation– Is the process of creating something new, which is central to

the entrepreneurial process.

– Small firms are twice as innovative per employee as large firms.

• Job Creation– In the past two decades, economic activity has moved in the

direction of smaller entrepreneurial firms, which may be due to their unique ability to innovate and focus on specialized tasks.

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Entrepreneurial Firms’ Impact on Society and Larger Firms

• Impact on Society– The innovations of entrepreneurial firms have a dramatic

impact on society.

– Think of all the new products and services that make our lives easier, enhance our productivity at work, improve our health, and entertain us in new ways.

• Impact on Larger Firms– Many entrepreneurial firms have built their entire business

models around producing products and services that help larger firms become more efficient and effective.

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Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development

• Product evolution process-process for developing and commercializing an innovation

• Iterative Synthesis-the intersection of knowledge and social need that starts the product development process

• Ordinary innovations-new products with little technological change

• Technological innovations- new products with significant technological innovation

• Breakthrough innovation- extremely unique innovations that sets the basis for further innovation.

The future of Entrepreneurship

• In spite of the difference conceptual perspectives, there are common aspects: risk taking, creativity, independence & rewards

• The future– we are living in the age of entrepreneurship!