environment ppt group 3

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON BUSINESSES IN INDIA

Group 3

Aditya Aggarwal G004Arjun Bhatia G007Uday Dangra G015Sameer Ganu G019Prajesh Gupta G025Venketeshwaran Iyer G028Preet Jain G030Rahul Rao G051

INTRODUCTION

Developing countries in tropical region are most vulnerable to climate change impact due to Strong dependence on agricultural sector Limited financial and technological resources Intensifying of tropical climate

Impact of climate change on India by 2030: Warmer climate- avg temp rise by 2 ᵒC Wetter climate- increased rainfall with fewer

rainy days Cyclonic disturbances- increased frequency

and intensity storm surges Sea level rise- 1.3mm/year rise on avg

INTRODUCTION CASE I CASE II CASE III CONCLUSION

Climate change is the change in global or regional climate patterns attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON RAIN FED AGRICULTURE IN INDIA

Rainfed agriculture practiced in 2/3rd of the total cropped area of 162 million hectares

It supports 40% of national food basket

91% coarse grains, 90% pulses, 85% oilseeds & 65% cotton are grown in rainfed areas

Receives annual rainfall of 400 mm to 1000 mm, unevenly distributed

Highly erratic rainfall results in fall in food production

.


CASE STUDY I Dharwad district in Karnataka was studied to assess the impact of

climate change, where the rainfed farmers face frequent droughts and other climatic changes

Chronic drought had hit dharwad in the years 2001, 2003 and 2006 The shortfall in rainfall in drought has been to the extent of 38%. Since the rainfall was less and unevenly distributed, it reflected in

the yield of rainfed crops The specific objectives of the study was to assess the impact of

drought on the yield of rainfed crops and to identify the factors influencing in decision making on the coping mechanism to mitigate the impact of climate change

Compound growth rate and instability index were employed to analyse the data among rainfed farmers


IMPACTSINTRODUCTION CASE I CASE II CASE III CONCLUSION

Crop (1) Compound Growth rate (percent) (2)

Instability Index (3)

Sorghum -17.47 0.83Maize -6.00 0.56

Tur -8.44 0.58Groundnut -13.06 0.61

Wheat -16.00 0.70Onion -3.93 0.53Cotton -10.65 0.79

Table 1: Growth and Instability in the yields of major rain fed crops

Crop (1) Percent loss of normal yield (2)Sorghum 43.03

Maize 14.09Tur 28.23

Groundnut 34.09Wheat 48.68Onion 29.56Cotton 59.96

Table 2: Effect of drought on rained crop yield in Dharwad District

SOURCE: International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Development, Vol 3, No. 4 , August 2012

EFFECTS & RESULTS Factors (1) Small

Farmers (2)

Medium Farmers (3)

Large Farmers (4)

Total Farmers (5)

Reduction in yield 90.00 80.00 60.00 76.67

Reduction in net income 93.33 86.67 80.00 86.67

Pest and disease outbreak 73.33 76.67 73.33 74.44

Fast evaporation of soil moisture

86.67 73.33 53.55 71.11

Erratic rainfall 100.00 80.00 80.00 86.67

Crop Failure 96.67 96.67 66.67 86.67

Shifting of seasons 60.00 50.00 53.33 54.44

Land unsuitable for cultivation 76.67 63.33 53.33 64.44

Change in climactic and rainfall patterns

86.67 83.33 80.00 83.33

Other factors/no idea 0.00 3.33 20.00 7.78

Table 3: Farmers’ Perception on the impact of climate change (percent)


SOURCE: International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Development, Vol 3, No. 4 , August 2012

EFFECTS & RESULTS Coping Mechanism (1) Small

Farmers (2)Medium Farmers (3)

Large Farmers (4)

Total Farmers (5)

Change uncropping pattern

60.00 40.00 26.67 42.22

Mixed/inter cropping 93.33 76.67 56.67 75.56Cultivation tree crops 0.00 10.00 76.67 28.89Soil organic matter enhancement

46.67 46.67 16.67 36.67

Drought Resistant/tolerant crops

13.33 43.33 20.00 25.56

Integrated/Mixed farming system

93.33 76.67 43.33 71.11

Reduced consumption expenditure

60.00 50.00 0.00 36.67

Shifting to other profession

80.00 50.00 20.00 50.00

Borrowing 86.67 50.00 10.00 48.89Crop insurance 6.67 16.67 10.00 48.89Selling of land and livestock

26.67 6.67 3.33 12.22SOURCE: International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Development, Vol 3, No. 4 , August 2012

Table 4: Major coping mechanism used by rainfed farmers to mitigate climate change (%)

INTRODUCTION CASE I CASE II CASE III CONCLUS

ION

INFERENCES & RECOMMENDATIONS Study indicates small and medium rainfed farmers were extremely

vulnerable to the change in climate and temperature Farmers respond by adopting technical coping mechanism and

switching to other professions Intensifying need for the proper policy decisions and implementations

on climate change Minimum wages act (1948) to provide financial aid to farmers Deccan Agriculturalists Relief Act of 1879 (Bombay Agricultural

Debtors' Relief Act of 1939) to reduce farmer debt United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) &

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change to deal with issue of Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought (DLDD) in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas of dry lands


ION

CASE-2 Muzaffarnagar in UP is a major sugar and paper production centre

and is also Asia’s largest jaggery market

The climatic impacts on the sugar & paper mills in Muzaffarnagar was very severe

Changing weather patterns caused new diseases for crops that reduced the quality and quantity of agricultural produce

Muzaffarnagar paper mills used to rely on locally available bagasse, (sugar cane fibre) from the sugar mills for paper pulp and fuel

The changing rainfall patterns and temperature variation had forced them to shift the production cycle and work at a higher capacity


ION

IMPACTS ON PAPER MILLS

Sugar mills received a capital subsidy of Rs. 20 lakh/ MW of power produced from biomass

The excess bagasse earlier sold to paper mills for the purpose of their own power generation

Papermills forced to look for alternate bagasse sources.

They shifted to bagasse form local jaggery making units

This jiggery bagasse is finer in size than that generated in sugar mills and resulted in better quality paper


ION

Changes in the dynamics between sugar mill, paper mill and household jaggery unit due to regulatory driver


ION

POSITIVE EFFECTS Prior to the usage of jaggery bagasse by paper mills, roughly 300

units producing jaggery Bagasse generated as by product was burnt as waste in the

agricultural fields After shift, a new market with potential of absorbing 5000 tons

bagasse/day resulted in livelihoods diversification for local farmers An optional business sector has additionally been made to transport

bagasse from jaggery units to paper plants Entrepreneurs consulted for this study attributed an increase in

prosperity into region to this development


ION

CASE 3: TEXTILE INDUSTRY• Makes up 4% of India’s GDP• Exports totaled INR 48816 crore • 2nd Largest employer after

Agricultural Sector• Direct employment to 3.5 crore

people.

• Chemical intensive industry that causes large scale water pollution

• Water used for alkaline boiling of fibers, bleaching and dyeing

• Air pollution during drying of solvents• High energy requirements depending on

degree of mechanization• No specific environmental laws for textile

industries.


ION

UNIVERSAL TEXTILES CASE Partially automated textile manufacturing company in Faridabad. Caters to European and Canadian markets Business problems due to climate change: a) Heat waves and increasing temperatures leading to increase air

conditioning costsb) Greater use of Diesel generator to meet the increased energy requirementsc) Extreme climatic conditions affecting raw material sourcing and shipmentd) Potential water scarcity in the future due to shifting rainfall patters as a result of climate change

Climate change leading to increased costs that are making business unviable


ION

RECOMMENDATIONS Employ latest advanced technology machines to save energy Use solar panels to meet electricity demand during summer months Initial cost of a 2KVA cell= 3.2 lakhs. Savings= Rs 6.5/KWh.

Breakeven in 5-6 years Water purifier units and Water harvesting to reduce dependency on

local water bodies. Diversify supply chain to mitigate fluctuations in raw materials due

to extreme weather conditions Dispose of solid wastes responsibly in an ecofriendly manner


ION

CONCLUSION Climate change has an indirect impact on production costs, quality and

availability of raw materials Cost of raw materials from agricultural sector rising Small & medium rain fed farms most vulnerable Competitive advantage and profit margins of businesses affected Imperative for Government to have a proper road map to deal with

climate change Consultation for communities, NGO’s and industry to be included in

forming new climate policies


ION

REFRENCES http://www.ijesd.org/papers/249-CD0059.pdf

Krishna Kumar, K. “Impact of Climate Change on India’s MonsoonClimate and Development of High Resolution Climate ChangeScenarios for India”.

Dinar, A. R., Mendelsohn, R., Evenson, J. Parikh, A. Sanghi, K. Kumar,J. McKinsey and S. Lonergen , “Measuring the Impact of ClimateChange on Indian Agriculture”

http://www.smechamberofindia.com/about_msmes.aspx

http://www.climate-expert.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article& id=78&Itemid=176

http://www.cuts-citee.org/SESTI/pdf/Report-Environmental_Standards_Trade-A_Study_of_Indian_Textiles_and_Clothing_Sector.pdf

http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/24908/1/IJFTR%2026(1-2)%2011-21.pdf International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 3, No. 4, August

2012.

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-12-14/news/35820184_ 1_solar-power-fsia-renewable-energy

THANK YOU

environment ppt group 3

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