environmental assessment report...4. the proposed upgrading/rehabilitation of the state highway-47...

Environmental Assessment Report

Initial Environmental Examination for SH-47: Damoh–Hata–Gasiabad i/c Hata Town Portion Project Road Project Number: 43063 November 2010

IND: Madhya Pradesh State Roads Project III Prepared by Government of Madhya Pradesh for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Table of Contents Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………… 1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1. Project Background/Rationale .......................................................................... 1 1.2. Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) and Environmental Assessment ................................................................................................................. 2 1.3. Purpose of the Study ....................................................................................... 2 1.4. Extent of IEE .................................................................................................... 3 1.5. IEE Content ..................................................................................................... 3 1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements .................................................... 3 1.7. Methodology .................................................................................................... 4

1.7.1. Information/ data Sources ............................................................................ 4 1.7.2. Public Consultation ...................................................................................... 5

2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 6 2.1. Country’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project ...... 6 2.2. Environmental Clearance Process ................................................................... 7 2.3. Administrative Structure and the Interactive framework ................................... 9

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 10 3.1. Project Location ............................................................................................. 10 3.2. Characteristics of the Existing road ................................................................ 11 3.3. Category of the Project .................................................................................. 15 3.4. Need for the Sub-Project ............................................................................... 15 3.5. Existing and Projected Traffic ........................................................................ 16 3.6. Key Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities ............................................ 16 3.7. Material required and Sourcing ...................................................................... 22 3.8. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost ................................................... 24

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 25 4.1.1. Meteorology and Climate ........................................................................... 26 4.1.2. Air and Noise Quality ................................................................................. 27 4.1.3. Topography and Geomorphology ............................................................... 28 4.1.4. Geology/Soil .............................................................................................. 28 4.1.5. Seismicity ................................................................................................... 29 4.1.6. Land use .................................................................................................... 30 4.1.7. Hydrology and Drainage ............................................................................ 31 4.1.8. Groundwater .............................................................................................. 33 4.1.9. Surface water ............................................................................................. 33

4.2. Ecological Resources .................................................................................... 34 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology ..................................................................................... 34 4.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ......................................................................................... 41

4.3. Socio-Economic Environment ........................................................................ 41 4.3.1. Economic Development ............................................................................. 41

4.4. Infrastructural Facilities .................................................................................. 42 4.4.2. Population and Communities ..................................................................... 43 4.4.3. Literacy ...................................................................................................... 45 4.4.4. Occupational Status ................................................................................... 45 4.4.5. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or

architectural significance ............................................................................ 46 4.4.6. Areas of Eco-Sensitivity/Protected Area/Restricted Area legislative and

others ......................................................................................................... 46

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5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES 47

5.1. Impact on Physical Environment .................................................................... 47 5.1.1. Climate ...................................................................................................... 47 5.1.2. Natural Hazard ........................................................................................... 48 5.1.3. Air Quality .................................................................................................. 48 5.1.4. Noise ......................................................................................................... 49 5.1.5. Impact on Land and Soil ............................................................................ 51 5.1.6. Groundwater .............................................................................................. 54 5.1.7. Siltation and Surface Water Quality of Rivers and Other Water Bodies ...... 54 5.1.8. Hydrology and Drainage ............................................................................ 55

5.2. Impact on Biological Environment .................................................................. 56 5.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology ..................................................................................... 56 5.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ......................................................................................... 57 5.2.3. Fauna ........................................................................................................ 58

5.3. Management of Construction Debris/Waste ................................................... 58 5.4. Socio-Economic Impact ................................................................................. 59

5.4.1. Positive Impacts ......................................................................................... 59 5.4.2. Anticipated Negative Impacts ..................................................................... 59 5.4.3. Obstruction and Disruption of Traffic .......................................................... 62 5.4.4. Transportation and Storage of Materials .................................................... 63

5.5. Cumulative and Induced Impact ..................................................................... 64 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 66

6.1. Consultation Method and Information Disclosed ............................................ 66 6.2. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements ..................................... 66 6.3. Beneficiaries’ Comments ............................................................................... 69

7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDDRESS MECHANISM 72

7.1. Environmental Management Plan .................................................................. 72 7.1.1. Social Development and Indigenous People Development Program (IPDP)72 7.1.2. Emergency Response Plan ........................................................................ 72

7.2. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) ................................................... 72 7.2.1. Monitoring schedule and performance indicator ......................................... 73 7.2.2. Authorities and their Responsibilities for Implementation of EMoP ............. 74

7.3. Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement ................... 74 7.3.2. Institutional / Capacity Building .................................................................. 77

7.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism ..................................................................... 79 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 81

8.1. Conclusions ................................................................................................... 81 8.2. Key Recommendations: ................................................................................. 82

List of Tables Table 1.1 : Road Sections under MP State Highways III Project .................................... 1Table 1.2 : Primary and Secondary Information Sources ................................................. 4Table 2.1 : Permissions/Clearances Required for the Sub-Project .................................. 6Table 3.1 : Carriageway Details .................................................................................... 12Table 3.2 : List of Major and Minor Intersections ........................................................... 13Table 3.3 : ADT of Project Road .................................................................................... 16Table 3.4 : Summary of Projected Traffic for the Project Road ...................................... 16Table 3.5 : Sections for Existing Pavement Widening .................................................... 19Table 3.6 Proposed Improvement shoulder ................................................................... 19

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Table 3.7 : Cement Concrete Lined Drain ..................................................................... 20Table 3.8 : Crash Barrier Location ................................................................................. 21Table 3.9 : List of Borrow Area ...................................................................................... 23Table 3.10 : Quarry/crusher Locations Chainagewise ................................................... 23Table 3.11 : Availability of Sand Locations Chainage-wise ............................................ 24Table 4.1 : Summary of Important Features of the Project Districts ............................... 25Table 4.2 : Monthly Rainfall (mm) at Damoh During Past Six Years .............................. 27Table 4.3 : Ambient Air Quality Along the project section (24 Hourly) ............................ 27Table 4.4 : Noise Level Along the Project Section ......................................................... 28Table 4.5 : Physiochemical Characteristics of soil in the project road ............................ 29Table 4.6 : Land Use Pattern in the State ...................................................................... 30Table 4.7 : Chainage wise land use along the project road ............................................ 30Table 4.8 : List of Surface Water Sources Along/Across Project Corridor ...................... 32Table 4.9 : Groundwater Quality Along the Project Corridor .......................................... 33Table 4.10 : Surface Water Quality of the rivers in project area ..................................... 34Table 4.11 : List of Plant Species found in the Study Area ............................................ 36Table 4.12 : List of Fauna found in the Study Area ........................................................ 38Table 4.13 : List of Reptiles in the Study Area ............................................................... 39Table 4.14 : List of Butterflies found in the study area ................................................... 39Table 4.15 : List of Avifauna found in the Study Area .................................................... 40Table 4.16 : Demographic Profile of the State and the country ...................................... 44Table 4.17 : List of villages in the project road ............................................................... 44Table 5.1 : List of Some Noise- Sensitive Locations along the Alignment ...................... 50Table 5.2 : Common Property Resources Along the Alignment ..................................... 64Table 6.1 : Summary of Consultation with Government Officials ................................... 67Table 6.2 : Summary of Consultation with NGOs .......................................................... 68Table 6.3 : Consultation with local community ............................................................... 70Table 7.1 : Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organisations ............................ 75Table 7.2 : Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II ..................................................... 78 List of Figures Figure 2.1 : Environmental Clearance Procedure in India ................................................ 8Figure 2.2 : Legislative Interface among various regulatory bodies ................................. 9Figure 3.1 : Location Map of SH-47 ............................................................................... 10Figure 3.2 : Connectivity to the project Road ................................................................. 11Figure 3.3 : Typical Cross section of the project Road ................................................... 18Figure 4.1 : Isohyetal map of Madhya Pradesh ............................................................. 26Figure 4.2 : Hazard and Seismic Zoning Map ................................................................ 30Figure 4.3 : Drainage map of the Project Road SH-47. .................................................. 32Figure 4.4 : Forest Cover Map of Madhya Pradesh ....................................................... 35Figure 4.5 : National Parks and Sanctuaries in Madhya pradesh .................................. 38Figure 4.6 : Demographic Status of the Project Section ................................................ 45Figure 4.7 : Literacy rate along the project section ........................................................ 45Figure 4.8 : Occupational Status ................................................................................... 46Figure 7.1 : Proposed Structure for EMP/EMOP Implementation .................................. 77 List of Appendix Appendix 3.1 : Inventory and Survey Condition of Bridges ............................................ 84Appendix 3.2 : Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist .......................................... 88Appendix 4.1 : National Ambient Air Quality Standards ................................................. 92Appendix 4.2 : Ambient Noise Level Limits (In Leq dB(A)), India ................................... 93

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Appendix 4.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991) ..................................................................................................... 94

Appendix 4.4 : Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB, 1979) ......................................................................................................... 97

APPENDIX 5.1: Guidelines for Borrow Areas Management .......................................... 98Appendix 7.1: Environmental Management Plan (SH-47: Damoh-Hata-Gaisabad 60.7

km) ....................................................................................................................... 102Appendix 7.2: Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators .................................... 124

Map 1: Location Map of MP State Highways Project

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Map 2: Location Map of SH-47: Damoh-Hata-Gaisabad Project

Road

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction 1. Madhya Pradesh, with abundant mineral resources, and growing agricultural and

industrial production, need a well developed road network to cater to the increasing intra-state and regional traffic. Also, since it is centrally located within the country, most of the long haul north-south and east-west bound road traffic passes through the state. Therefore, the existing inadequate and damaged road infrastructure needs to be improved on priority to sustain the economic and social progress of the state. The improved road network with good interlinking between national, state highways and major district roads will not only contribute in significantly developing rural economy and reducing poverty but also increase the road capacity to cater the high projected traffic, reduce travel time and also contribute for lesser vehicular pollution emission.

2. Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), the executing agency (EA), is responsible to provide an integrated transport system in the state that is safe, efficient, affordable, accessible to all and environmentally sustainable. As per its mandate, MPRDC plans to improve various major district roads to at least two lanes carriage way level with funding support from Asian Development Bank (ADB).

3. To address this problem, Government of Madhya Pradesh (GOMP) has approached ADB for financial assistance for improving a total of 15 state roads covering a length of about 1081 kms under Madhya Pradesh State Highways III Project (MPSRSP III) programmed to be processed for implementation in 2010.The project also includes the institutional strengthening of the road sector under separate TA 7198(IND) which will enhance EA’s capacity for road asset development and management.

Description of Project 4. The proposed upgrading/rehabilitation of the State Highway-47 Damoh-Hata-

Gaisabad including Hata town Sub-project, one of the 15 state highway subprojects about 62.7 km long. The subproject will upgrade the existing bad road condition into a paved 2-lane divided carriageway configuration with improved road geometry, proper and adequate embankment, rehabilitation of existing bridges, adequate cross-drainage structures and side drains, improvement of junctions/intersections, underpasses, and wayside amenities. This road design will be adequate to cater to the volume of traffic until 2029 which is predicted to increase from the current 4308 to 14852 vehicles (average annual daily traffic). The sub-project will be implemented in 24 months with an estimated cost of INR 954 Million.

5. The sub-project was classified as Category-B as provided in the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) based on screening of likely impacts and sub-project location which does not pass through or located near any national park, wildlife sanctuary, or any other ecologically sensitive or protected areas. No archaeological/protected monument is located in the project vicinity. Under the EIA Notification, 2006 promulgated under Environment (Protection) Act 1986, the

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subproject is categorised as Category ‘B” and does not requires prior environmental clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA)1

6. IEE was conducted based on Detailed Project report and sub-project details provided by the design team during the preparation of this report. The IEE covers all activities proposed under the project including various bridges and cross-drainage structures constructions. The core zone of impact is taken as 100 m on either side of the alignment. However, the study area impact zone is considered up to 7 km on both sides of road alignment to allow for a larger analysis of landuse and other environmental features.

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Description of Environment 7. The Sub-Project passes through Damoh in the western Madhya Pradesh which

has semi arid weather. January is the coldest month with minimum temperature of about 6oC. The average annual rainfall of the district is observed to be 1035 mm. The air is generally humid in this region during the monsoon when the average relative humidity varies in the range of 52 to 80%. Generally light to moderate winds prevails throughout the year. The predominant wind direction was recorded to be flowing from North-East, North-West and North`.

8. The ambient air quality levels conform to the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) with concentrations of SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx ranging from 81 to 167 µg/m3, 34 to 82 µg/m3, 4.3 to 12.6 µg/m3 and 5.5 to 16.7 µg/m3 respectively in the project area. The noise levels are also within the prescribed limits.

9. Most of the project area lies in vast open agricultural land and is largely free from air pollution and noise generating sources with the exception of habited locations such as Lakshman Dham (Khujeri), Palar, Ankhera (Bangaon), Luhari, Hata town, Hardua, Ghataria, Sakour (Hinota Kala), Budwar, Gaisabad etc. where ambient SPM concentrations exceeded standards due to traffic congestion, unpaved shoulders and inadequate road capacity. The topography of the subproject area is flat. The project area is occupied by Vindhyan Supergroup which constitutes un-metamorphosed columns of Calcareous, Arenaceous, and Argillaceous sediments. The soil type of Damoh district is mainly the shallow to medium Black soil. In some portion of the district alluvial soil is also found. The project area is mainly covered by sandy clay loam soil with good organic content.

10. The predominant land use of the project districts is agricultural followed by built-up area. The project area is drained by few rivers like Sonar and Kopra and their tributaries. Sohar river crosses the road is found to be non perennial as per the physical verification. The Kopra River is running in left hand side of the road. The ground water availability along the project road area is poor. The depth of water table falls below 150 feet during summer season. The ground and surface water quality conforms to the prescribed drinking water standards.

11. There are no forests along the alignment. No other similar eco-sensitive areas is either crossed or located nearby the project alignment. Since most part of the

1 The EA has yet to formally approach MoEF for formal categorisation and grant of environmental clearance.

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project corridor passes through open agricultural land, large number of roadside trees is not affected considering to the length of the project road. Trees along roadside are mainly fruit bearing in nature. The project area is dominated by species such as Mangifera indica, Syzygium cumini, Tamarindus indica etc. The dominant species found along the road side are Shisham or Indian Rosewood- Dalbergia sissoo, Mango-Mangifera indica, Eucalyptus spp., Jamun or Java Plum- Syzygium cumini, Teak- Tectona grandis, Khair- Acacia catechu, Neem- Azadirachta indica, Kikar or Babul- Acacia nilotica, Mahua - Madhuca indica and Bamboo Plantations. It is anticipated that about 471 numbers of trees shall be removed along the project section. During the survey langur and macaque were sighted in different locations. The existence of Jackals, Foxes, Hare, macaque in the study area was also informed by the villagers.

12. No organized fishing was observed along the project road. The important fishes commonly available in the region are Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Labeio calbase, Cirrihinus, mirgigale, Clarius, batrachus, Rita rita, Heteropneuptus fonilis, Notopterus nontopterus, N. Chitala, Macrobrachum rosenbergii, M. malconsini, M. Chapral, Channa punetatus C. gaehua, C.striatus. However, there is no breeding or spawning ground of these species in any of the water bodies in the project area since the water availability and flow velocity is quite low and unfavourable for breeding. No migratory fishes are found in these rivers.

13. The main economic crops of the district are Soyabean, Wheat, Gram Jowar and Pulses. The district is economically backward because of unfertile land and lack of irrigation sources. The industries in the study area includes oilseed milling, handloom weaving and dyeing and the manufacture of bell-metal vessels and pottery, bidi (indigenous cigarette) factories, cement, gold and silver smithies. A number of betel leaf gardens are located around Damoh which are exported. However, no industries exist along the project road.

14. The total number of households in the villages of the project road is 8688 with a population of about 45065. Out of these, about 77.54 % is general. The SC/ST population accounts for about 22.4% of the total population. The project road covering 14 villages have total literacy rate of 62.7%.The population of literate male (60.51%) is comparatively high than female literate (39.48%). The maximum percentage of the workers along the project section is agricultural. The tribal population in the project area is very low (1.4%) in the project area.

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 15. All pre-construction, construction, and operation activities that were likely to

cause environmental impacts were identified, and evaluated to assess their magnitude, duration, and potential receptors in consultation with the stakeholders. Consultations were made with the government representatives (District Forest Office, State Pollution Control Board, Water Resources Department, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, and the District Rural Development Authority), local communities (Lakhsman Dham, Bangaon, Hata, Hinota Kala, Gaisabad), and NGOs (Bhopal Yuwa Paryavaran Shikshan and Samajik Sansthan, Ecosake Society for Environment Conservation and Social Awareness, Green Heart Nature Club, Forum for Environmental Protection, Energy Environment and Development Group, Centre for Envirocare and Energy Technology) between June to July 2010.

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16. The significant impacts during design and construction stage include the constricted sections of the roads which will be by-passed or require road alignment improvement to avoid and minimize resettlement and other sensitive structures and locations particularly in Lakshman Dham, Palar, Ankhera (Bangaon), Luhari, Hata town, Hardua, Ghataria, Sakour (Hinota Kala), Budwar, Gaisabad. An estimated 471 trees will be removed along the road to allow for its expansion but will be compensated at a rate of 1:10 plantation along the road. Short-term deterioration of air quality due to increase in fugitive dust emissions and noise level from earthmoving, ground shaping, unpaved transport, and emissions from heavy equipment and other mobile sources. Water suppression to control dust, use of clean fuels, changing the location and timing of construction activities and equipment will minimize these impacts. Land use conversion particularly of residential areas and relocation of structures within the ROW will be implemented with following a meaningful consultation and acceptable compensation and relocation agreements. All borrow areas will comply with national laws and regulations. Impacts from the establishment and operation of the construction camps like generation and disposal of solid wastes, sewage, potable water requirements, health/hygiene, and safety is part of the contractor’s responsibility highlighting the need for compliance with applicable laws. Waste and material use minimization will be promoted to decrease the volume of wastes that will be generated. Traffic safety to workers and pedestrian, particularly to children is considered through the preparation and strict implementation of a Traffic Control Plan to be prepared by the contractor prior to construction activities and in consultation with the affected communities.

17. During operation stage, the main impacts are on the surface water hydrology since the construction of a road crosses several river/rivulets in the flood-affected sections which can act as impediment to natural flow of water. Other issues relate to increase in mobile emissions, road safety to motorist, pedestrian and animals. To minimize the impact on the local hydrology, adequate cross drains and their proper maintenance will be implemented. Information and education campaign through the use of signs and posters distributed along the roadside encouraging motorist to properly maintain their vehicles, and proper driving habits to reduce emissions, reduce fuel consumption, and promote safety will be made. Finally, traffic control measures will be implemented to ensure safety to pedestrian.

Conclusion 18. In general, the sub-project received immense support from local people with

some concerns and apprehensions related to compensation for land and safety on roads. The local people appreciated that besides providing an all weather efficient connectivity to large population and improving the traffic scenario in the region, it will bear out several other positive economic and social benefits which outweigh the negative environmental impacts.

19. This initial environmental examination (IEE) ascertains that the sub-project is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. Few impacts were identified attributable to the proposed sub-project, all of which are localized and temporary in nature and can be easily mitigated with minor to negligible residual

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impacts. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage.

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Project Background/Rationale

20. Madhya Pradesh, with abundant mineral resources, and growing agricultural and industrial production, need a well developed road network to cater to the increasing intra-state and regional traffic. Also, since it is centrally located within the country, most of the long haul north-south and east-west bound road traffic passes through the state. Therefore, the existing inadequate and damaged road infrastructure needs to be improved on priority to sustain the economic and social progress of the state. The improved road network with good interlinking between national, state highways and major district roads will not only contribute in significantly developing rural economy and reducing poverty but also increase the road capacity to cater the high projected traffic, reduce travel time and also contribute for lesser vehicular pollution emission.

21. Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), the executing agency (EA), is responsible to provide an integrated transport system in the state that is safe, efficient, affordable, accessible to all and environmentally sustainable. As per its mandate, MPRDC plans to improve various major district roads to at least two lanes carriage way level with funding support from Asian Development Bank (ADB).

22. Government of Madhya Pradesh (GOMP) has approached ADB for financial assistance for improving a total of 15 state roads covering a length of about 1081 kms under Madhya Pradesh State Highways III Project (MPSRSP III) programmed to be processed for implementation in 2010. The road sections details under MPSRSP III are given in Table 1.1

Table 1.1 : Road Sections under MP State Highways III Project

S. No.

Road No. Name of Roads SH

No. Length

(KM) Districts

I. BHOPAL PACKAGE

1 1 Bhind-Ater-Porsa SH-2 60.85 Bhind –Morena

2 2 Mihona-Lahar-Daboh-Bhander-Chirgaon SH-45 85.70 Bhind-Datia

3 3 Pichhore-Chanderi-Mungawali-Onder-Kurwai SH-19 146.50

Shivpuri - Ashoknagar-

Vidisha 4 7 Manawar-Mangod SH-38 49.63 Dhar 5 9 Sardarpur-Rajgarh-Bagh SH-35 50.43 Dhar

6 10 Agar-Barod-Alot-Jawara SH-41 108.70 Shajapur- Ratlam-Ujjain-

7 11 Pachor-Chapikheda-Jirapur-Machalpur-Soyat SH-51 86.70 Rajgarh-

Shajapur 8 13 Badi-Baktar-Dobi-Shahganj-Budhni SH-15 58.78 Raisen-Sehore 9 14 Silwani-Udaipura Road SH-44 28.58 Raisen

Total (Bhopal Pkg) 675.87

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S. No.

Road No. Name of Roads SH

No. Length

(KM) Districts

II. JABALPUR PACKAGE

10 16 Rahatgarh-Khurai-Khimlasa SH-42 47.48 Sagar

11 18 Damoh-Hata-Gasiabad i/c Hata Town Portion SH-47 62.66 Damoh

12 19 Hata-Patera-Kumhari & Raipura-Salaiya-Bahuribandh-Sihora SH-48 91.28 Damoh-Panna-

Katni-Jabalpur

13 20A Amarpatan-Gorsari-Badera SH-13 46.50 Satna-Katni

14 21 Sundara-Singhpur-Kothi-Jaitwara-Birsinghpur-Semaria SH-52 85.29 Panna-Satna-

Rewa

15 22 Sidhi-Beohari SH-55 71.29 Sidhi-Shahdol

Total (Jabalpur Pkg) 404.49

Grand Total (Bhopal Pkg + Jabalpur Pkg) 1,080.36

Source: MPRDC

1.2. Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) and Environmental Assessment

23. ADB has fielded TA: 7198 IND to assist MPRDC Road Construction Department (RCD) in project preparation for possible financing of MPSRSP III. As a part of this TA and safeguard requirement of ADB, environmental assessment has been carried out in accordance with relevant country’s applicable laws, regulations and in consistent to ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003 and Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. Each sub-project was scrutinized as to its type, location, scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of its potential environmental impacts.

24. The present report pertains to Damph-Hata-Gaisabad including Hata town (SH-47) sub-project. This sub-project is categorized as Category ‘B’ and hence an initial environmental examination (IEE) has been undertaken.

1.3. Purpose of the Study 25. This IEE report documents the environmental assessment of the Damoh-

Hata-Gaisabad Road Subproject (hereafter the Subproject) and identifies the environmental issues to be considered at project planning and design stage. The IEE addresses the environmental management requirements of (i) the Government of India (GOI); (ii) the donor, Asian Development Bank (ADB), and (iii) the Project. In general, In general, an IEE addresses the following:

o Provides information about the baseline environmental setting of the subproject;

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o Provides information on potential impacts of the Subproject and their likely characteristics including magnitude, distribution, duration, and who will be affected;

o Provides information on potential environmental impacts of the proposed subproject activities with its magnitude, distribution and duration

o Provides information on required mitigation measures with cost to minimize the impacts

o Analyses the alternatives options considering alternative locations, designs, management approaches, for selection of most feasible and environmental acceptable options.

o Provides details of stack holders consultation o Suggest environmental management and monitoring plan with

institutional measures for effective implementation of mitigative measures proposed.

1.4. Extent of IEE 26. IEE was conducted based on Detailed Project Report (DPR) provided by

the design team during the preparation of this report. Certain changes may occur in the sub-project structural components but these changes are unlikely to cause significant environmental impacts. The IEE covers all activities proposed under the project including various bridges and cross-drainage structures constructions. The core zone of impact is taken as 100 meters either side of the alignment. However, the study area is considered up to 7 km on either side of road alignment for larger analysis of land-use and other environmental features. Assessment is carried out for all components of environment covering terrestrial and aquatic ecology, soil, water, noise and socio economic aspects.

1.5. IEE Content 27. The IEE has been largely structured as per SPS, 2009 and ADB’s

Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003). This includes following eight chapters including this introduction Chapter.

• Chapter 1- Introduction • Chapter 2- Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework • Chapter 3- Description of Project • Chapter 4- Description of Environment • Chapter 5- Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures • Chapter 6- Information Disclosure, Consultation, and Participation • Chapter 7- Environment Management Plan and Grievance Redress

Mechanism • Chapter 8- Conclusion and Recommendation

1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements 28. The environmental assessment has been carried out by the team of the

environmental Experts of EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. The environmental team acknowledges the support extended by the executing agency, design consultant, and state departments/agency of forest, water resources and pollution control Board etc.

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1.7. Methodology 29. Suitable methodology was adopted to accomplish the study. As the first

step, project-scoping exercise was undertaken identifying the parameters needed to be considered for the study and to outline the activities for collecting data on each parameter. Data pertaining to all facets of environment viz. physical, ecological and socio-economic environment both through primary and secondary sources were collected. The stepwise activities includes:

• Review of legal requirements • Review of feasibility study • Reconnaissance survey for identification of key issues data

requirement and preliminary consultation. • Primary and Secondary data Collection • Consultation with stakeholders • Identification of Impacts and Mitigation measures • Institutional Review and finalization of EMP in consultation with EA.

1.7.1. Information/ data Sources Key relevant information sources has been summarised in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 : Primary and Secondary Information Sources

Environmental Parameters Information Sources

Project objectives, Technical information on existing road features and proposed rehabilitation work

Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC) and Design Consultant

Inventory of road features like water Bodies, Community structures, environmentally sensitive locations areas, congested locations etc.

Ground Physical surveys and Strip Plans by Design Consultant

Climatic Condition India meteorological Department, DPR, primary data collection

Geology, Seismicity, Soil and Topography

Central Ground Water Authority, State of Environment report published by SPCB, Government websites and primary data collection

Land Use/ Land Cover Survey of India (SoI) Toposheet, Observation during survey and Satellite Imagery

Drainage Pattern Survey of India Toposheet, water resources, field observation and local people, GIS Based land use analysis

Status of forest areas. Compensatory afforestation norms etc.

Divisional Forest Office, Damoh

Status of Fishing Activity District Fisheries offices and Local Fishermen Air quality Noise, Soil and Water Onsite monitoring and Analysis of Field samples Borrow Areas, Quarries and other construction material source

Design consultant and public consultation during field visit

River geo-morphology, hydrology, Water resources department, DPR and

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Environmental Parameters Information Sources

drainage, flood patterns, information from local people, field observations Socio-economic Environment Different Govt. agencies/civic bodies, Official

websites maintained by state Govt., census of India 2001 and Public Consultation during the Field survey, through figures collected from Directorate of Statistics.

1.7.2. Public Consultation 30. Extensive consultations were held with all stakeholders’ viz. local and

beneficiary population, govt. departments/agencies, fishermen, road users and NGOs with intent to collect baseline information, for better understanding of the potential impacts and appreciate the perspectives/concerns of the stakeholders. Information thus gathered was used to integrate it in project design and formulating mitigation measures and environmental management plan.

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2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1. Country’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project

31. The legal framework of the country consists of several acts, notifications, rules and regulations to protect environment and wildlife. Review of Indian legal system has been critically reviewed to identify its applicability to the project. A list of all required clearances/ permissions related to environment has been summarised in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 : Permissions/Clearances Required for the Sub-Project2

S.No.

Clearances Acts/Rules/Notifications/Guidelines Concerned Agency Responsibility

A. Pre-construction Stage

1

Environmental Clearance3

(not required for this Sub-Project)

EIA Notification, 2006 amended till date, promulgated under Environment (Protection) Act 1986

State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) 4

Not applicable for this

particular road stretch as it is an expansion

of existing road and no new by-passes are to

be constructed

.

2

Permission for felling of trees

Forest Conservation Act (1980) Procedural Guidelines developed by the Department of Environment GoMP, under the orders of the Hon’ble High Court; Tree removal will be guided as per state government rules.

District Level Committee constituted by the State Govt.

MPRDC

2 Since this project is not passing through any protected areas or ground water authority notified areas, therefore the following list of laws will not be applicable to this project.

a. Central Ground Water Authority b. Wildlife (Protection) Act 2002 and rules thereof c. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remain Act 1958/Rules 1959

3 This Particular clearance is applicable to all new road projects as mentioned underneath. However for this road stretch as it is expansion of existing road and no bypasses are being constructed so this clearance is not applicable. The Notification and its latest amendment entails requirement of prior environmental clearance to the following road projects. Category A -i) New National High ways; and ii) Expansion of National High ways greater than 30 km, involving additional right of way greater than 20m involving land acquisition and passing through more than one State. Category B-ii) All State High ways; and ii) Expansion projects in hilly terrain (above 100 m mean seal level (msl) and or ecologically sensitive areas) Note: A general condition applies to both of the above category: “Any project or activity specified in Category ‘B’ will be treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of: (i) Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, (ii) Critically Polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time, (iii) Notified Eco-sensitive areas, (iv) inter-State boundaries and international boundaries”.

4 The SEIAA has varying opinion about its applicability. EA propose to take official confirmation about applicability of this notification. EA will obtain the environmental clearance in case SEIAA directs about the same.

7

S.No. Clearances Acts/Rules/Notifications/Guidelines Concerned Agency Responsibility

B. Implementation Stage

3 Permission for Sand Mining from river bed

Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act, 1957 as amended in 1972

River Board Authorities/

Department of Mining Govt. of Madhya Pradesh

Contractor

4

Consent to operate Hot mix plant, Crushers, Batching Plant

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981

Madhya Pradesh Pollution

Control Board

Contractor

5

Authorization for Disposal of Hazardous Waste

Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1989


Control Board

Contractor

6

Consent for Disposal of Sewage from Labour camps

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974


Control Board

Contractor

7

Use of Fly ash within 100 kms around Thermal Power plants.

Fly Ash Notification, 1999 as amended up to 17th August 2003: MoEF Contractor

8 Pollution Under Control Certificate

Central Motor and Vehicle Act 1988

Department of Transport, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh

Contractor

9 Employing Labour/workers

The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996,

District Labour Commissioner Contractor

2.2. Environmental Clearance Process 32. The environmental clearance is not applicable for this sub-project since

expansion is confined along the existing road corridor with no new bypass. However, the procedure for obtaining environmental clearance has been depicted as Figure 2.1 for reference purposes only.

8

Figure 2.1 : Environmental Clearance Procedure in India

9

2.3. Administrative Structure and the Interactive framework 33. The Government through specific legislations regulates the environmental

management system in India. The MoEF and the pollution control boards (CPCB i.e. Central Pollution Control Board and SPCBs i.e. State Pollution Control Boards) together form the regulatory and administrative core of the part. Other Ministries/Statutory Bodies/departments responsible for ensuring environmental compliance and granting various clearances includes State ministry /Dept. of environment, regional offices of MoEF and state forests/wildlife departments. Their key roles and responsibilities and interface among them have been concisely depicted through the flow diagram in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2 : Legislative Interface among various regulatory bodies

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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3.1. Project Location

34. The sub project road Damoh – Hata - Gaisabad road section segment of SH-47 is 62.70 Km long and traverse through Damoh district of Western Madhya Pradesh. The Location map of project road and MP State Highway Projects is given as Figure 3.1. This project is important as it provides connectivity to NH 75 (Refer Table 3.2 for schematic view) NH 25. (Refer Figure 3.2 for schematic view)

Figure 3.1 : Location Map of SH-47

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Figure 3.2 : Connectivity to the project Road

3.2. Characteristics of the Existing road

TO PANNA

MUDIA

HARDUA GADARIYA

TO DAMOH

HATA Town TO BANDAKPUR TO HIRAPUR

ROAD No. 18 DAMOH - HATA - GAISABAD (62.7 Kms)

BANDAKPUR CHAURAHA (START POINT)

GAISABAD ( END POINT)

KEY PLAN OF ROAD (START / END POINTS)

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35. Right of Way and carriageway width: The existing carriageway is a single\intermediate road having flexible pavement with widths varying between 3.0 to 5.5 m along the entire length of the project road. Right of Way (ROW) available for the entire project road is around 14-20 m on either sides from road centre line, except in built up areas and forest sections where it is around 10 m. The existing road has earthen shoulder of about 1.0 m to 2.5 m on either sides of the project road. Chainage-wise carriageway widths are provided in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 : Carriageway Details Chainage

From Chainage

To Width Type Shoulder

Type Width 0.000 5.800 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 5.800 6.700 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 6.700 8.800 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 8.800 9.300 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 9.300 12.100 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 12.100 12.400 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 12.400 19.000 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 19.000 19.200 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 19.200 33.200 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 33.200 37.200 3.5 BT Earthen 1.0 37.200 44.000 3.5 BT Earthen 1.0 44.000 61.100 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 61.100 62.700 4.5 CC Earthen 1.0

Source: DPR

36. Pavement and carriage way conditions: The pavement condition along the entire length of the road is generally fair to moderate and so is riding quality. Cracking exists throughout the road except in few stretches where pavement quality is good. Ravelling and potholes also exists at some locations. The existing crust along the sub-project road is in weak condition and suffers from frequent rutting, settlement, ravelling, poor riding quality and substantial pavement deflection along these stretches. Therefore, reconstruction is proposed at stretches with weak crust, or location where sub-grade failure is identified.

37. Alignment and Geometrics: There are many horizontal curves comprising very sharp turns which need to be improved to as per IRC 73 norms for State highway. Currently, an average travel speed of only 20km/hr can be maintained due to sub-standard geometry. There is no coherence between horizontal alignment and vertical profile. Setback distances are almost non- existent at curve locations; especially at sharp curves where the provisions are worse.

38. Cross Drainage (CD) Structures: Drainage condition for the entire road is found to be poor. The existing road does not have proper side drains and requires an efficient drainage network and stable embankment slopes. There are fifteen minor bridges, forty nine HPC and twenty four Slab culverts are proposed to be modified under reconstruction, widening, new and retained with/without repairs along the project road. List of major and minor bridges along with survey chainages and conditions of existing

13

structures are appended as”Inventory and Condition Survey for Bridges” in Appendix 3.1.

39. Terrain and Land-use: The project road alignment traverses through plain terrain. A number of river/rivulets drain the project influence area. The land use along the project road is mainly agricultural, with habitation and barren lands in few areas. The road passes through three important towns namely Damoh, Hata and Gaisabad. No land acquisition is involved.

40. Road Intersections: There are 8 major and 73 minor intersections along the project section. Almost all of these are poor in geometrics and junction developments. The chainage-wise details of these intersections are given in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 : List of Major and Minor Intersections CHAINAGE TYPE SIDE DESTINATION REMARKS

0.000 + Right To Bandakpur Major Junction &

Start point of the Road Left To Hirapur

0.100 T Left To Small Village Inside (CC) 0.600 T Right To Khutera 1.400 T Left To Dakheti (WBM Road)

1.800 T Left To Small Village Inside (Kachcha Road)

3.800 T Right To Manpura (Kachcha Road) 4.200 T Right To Farm (Kachcha Road)

5.300 T Left To Khajuri (BT Road) 7.600 T Left To Mahantpur (WBM Road) 7.800 T Left To Mahanpur (CC Road) 8.500 T Right To Small Village (WBM Road) 9.100 T Left To Disger 9.200 T Left To Small Village (CC) 9.400 T Right To Small Village Inside(WBM) 9.650 T Right To Small Village Inside(WBM) 10.400 T Left To Padrai (WBM) 11.800 T Left To Kamkheda (BT Road) 12.150 T Right To Mudiya (WBM) 12.250 T Left To Mudiya (Kachcha Road) 12.300 T Right To Mudiya (CC) 14.050 T Left To Farms (Kachcha Road) 14.700 T Right To Farms(Kachcha Road) 15.450 T Left To Akarkheda (WBM) 16.400 T Right To Farm(Kachcha Road)

17.200 T Left To Small Village(Kachcha Road))

18.400 T Left To Bhagwa (Kachcha Road) 19.100 + Right To Nduriya Patera (BT) Major Junction

16.050 T Left To Small Village (Kachcha Road)

21.000 T Left To Kajra (Kachcha Road) 21.600 T Left To Mudiya (BT)

14

CHAINAGE TYPE SIDE DESTINATION REMARKS 22.650 T Right To Kua Kheda (Kachcha Road)

23.550 T Left To Bijoli Pathak (Kachcha Road)

27.300 T Right To Lohari (Kachcha Road) 27.350 T Left To Bhatiya (BT)

28.000 + Right To Rusalli (Kachcha Road)

Major Junction Left To Lohari (Kachcha Road)

31.000 T Left To Prempura,Bori Khurd (Kachcha Road)

32.400 T Right To Farm (Kachcha Road) 33.250 T Right To Russali (BT) 33.700 T Left To Rest House (WBM)

34.000 T Right To Colony (WBM) 34.500 T Left To Hata Colony(Kachcha Road) 34.600 T Right To School(CC) 35.050 T Left To Hata Bus Station 35.100 T Right To Patera Sihora (BT)

35.400 T Left To Colony Hata (Kachcha Road)

35.500 T Right To Hata Market (Bt Road) 35.600 T Left To Hata Market (BT Road) 35.800 T Left To Hata Market (BT Road)

36.150 + Right To Hata Market (BT Road) Major Junction Left To Hata Market (BT Road)

36.350 36.400

T T

Left To Colony(CC) Left To Hata Market (BT Road)

37.500 T Left To Pajigaon (Kachcha Road) 40.100 + Right To Binti (Kachcha Road) Major Junction 44.150 T Left To Binti (Kachcha Road) 40.300 T Left To Madiyado (BT) 42.000 T Right To Small Village Inside (CC) 42.200 T Left To Farm (Kachcha Road)


46.200 + Right To Raneh(BT)

Major Junction Left To Small Village Inside (Kachcha Road)

50.600 T Left To Small Village Inside (Kachcha Road)

47.000 T Left To Kachwada (Kachcha Road)

48.100 T Right To Small Village Inside (Kachcha Road)

49.000 T Left To Farms (Kachcha Road)

49.700 T Left To Sakor (BT)

49.900 T Right To Niwai (WBM) 51.200 T Right To Bhaisa Kala (BT) 52.000 T Right To Small Village Inside(CC) 52.100 T Left To Murachh (Kachcha Road) 55.400 T Left To Samargor (BT)

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CHAINAGE TYPE SIDE DESTINATION REMARKS

55.600 56.000

T T

Left To Kachnari (Kachcha Road) Right To Dewra Jamsha (Kachcha

Road) 56.500 T Right To Tewraiya(BT) 56.800 T Left To Budwar (Kachcha Road) 58.300 T Left To Society(CC) 59.100 T Right To Small Village Inside(CC) 59.400 T Left To Hadua (Kachcha Road)


62.000 + Right To Small Village (Kachcha

Road) Major Junction Left To Small Village (Kachcha

Road)



62.700 End Point Source: DPR

3.3. Category of the Project

41. The sub-project has been evaluated using environmental screening checklist (Appendix-3.2) for Roads and Highways of the ADB‘s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003. The sub-project road traverses primarily through agricultural land and few habitations. It neither passes through nor is located near any Wildlife Sanctuary, National Park, or any other environmentally sensitive or ecologically or archeologically protected areas. Hence, the sub-project has been classified as Category “B” in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009.

3.4. Need for the Sub-Project

42. The main aim of developing this state highway is to provide connectivity to the selected townships with other major social and commercial centres within the district as well in the other parts of state. The sub-project road holds strategic importance as it provides vital connectivity to Sidhi and Shahdol districts and to the nearby districts namely Rewa, Singrauli, Umaria, Katni and Satna. The sub-project road will benefit more than 12 million populations (mainly rural) by providing improved transport and communication facilities which will contribute in accelerating the local economy.

43. The sub-project road serves as important link for providing connectivity to NH-75. The traffic intensity at this sub-project road is increasing, requiring augmentation of capacity for safe and efficient movement. The road condition is poor which reduces the average traffic speed to about 20 Km/h and also results in higher fuel consumption and vehicular pollution. Therefore, improvement of this subproject road is proposed to provide safe movement traffic at higher travel speeds with reduced travel time, accidents, overloading, and vehicle emissions.

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3.5. Existing and Projected Traffic

44. Existing Traffic Volume: Average Daily Traffic (ADT) of sub-project road is studied at (chainage km 1.0) near Damoh village is presented in the Table 3.3. The recorded ADT is 4308 vehicles (4041 PCU).

Table 3.3 : ADT of Project Road

Section Average Daily Traffic

Average daily PCUs

Damoh – Hata – Gaisabad 4308 4041 Source: DPR

45. Projected Traffic: The maximum traffic projection at Near Damoh Village location for the years 2009 to 2029 are given in Table 3.4. It is expected that the traffic volume will be doubled by the year 2019 i.e. 8652 (7402 PCU) and increase to more than three times after 20 years i.e. 14852 (11887PCU).

Table 3.4 : Summary of Projected Traffic for the Project Road Project Road Year

2009 Year 2014

Year 2019

Year 2024

Year 2029 From To

Near Damoh (CH: 1.00)

Damoh Gaisabad 4315

(4041) 6176

(5523) 8652

(7402) 11451 (9451)

14852 (11887)

Source: DPR Note: Values in bracket indicate PCUs/day

46. The capacity of different carriageways is around 6000, 15000 and 18000 PCUs per day for intermediate lane, 2 lane with earthen shoulders and 2 lane with Paved shoulders respectively. Analysing the capacity of Design Service Volume of Carriage ways and the projected traffic, it is concluded that the project road requires two lanes with earthen shoulder by 2018-2023.

3.6. Key Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities 47. The sub project road rehabilitation involves activities like widening,

realignment, intersections improvement, correction in road geometry and raising the embankment height in at certain stretches of the road to meet the design norms defined for state highways under IRC codes. The brief of key project activities are described below:

48. Realignment and Curvature Improvement: To avoid resettlement / rehabilitation and land acquisition issues existing alignment is followed with substandard geometry. There are many sharp curves in the existing road which need to be improved to develop a high-speed highway. In plain or rolling terrain, a minimum curve radius of 230 m is considered to achieve design speed. Absolute minimum radius of 150 m is used at location with space constraints (e.g. urban areas).

3.6.1. Proposed Cross Section Details

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49. Lane Width and Earthen Shoulder: In order to meet future traffic requirements, the existing carriageway is proposed to be upgraded to Two Lane with earthen shoulders to achieve high speed of travel with comfort and safety. A carriageway of about 7m wide is proposed with basic traffic lane width of 3.5 m. Earthen shoulders of 2.5 m wide is proposed on either side of the proposed main carriageway for rural plain and rolling terrains.

50. Footpath: The minimum width of footpath in urban stretches is proposed to be 1.0 m. The side drain in such stretches may be accommodated under the footpath.

51. Utility Corridor: Minimum width of utility corridor for rural sections will be 2.0 m and for urban/ built-up sections will be 1.0 m.

52. Side Slopes: The side slopes are proposed based on embankment height and is as follows

53. For fill sections, the following side slopes are proposed:

Embankment height up to 3.0 m - 2H: 1V

Embankment height from 3.0 m to 6.0 m - 1.5H: 1V

Embankment height exceeding 6.0 m - To be designed based on soil parameters.

Cut slopes will be as follows Soil - 1H: 1V

54. Cross fall : Carriageway will have crossfall of 3.0%. For earthen shoulders crossfall value will be 4.0%. Figure 3.3 shows the typical cross section to be followed on the project stretch of 42.5 km length.

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Figure 3.3 : Typical Cross section of the project Road

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3.6.2. Pavement Design and Widening :

55. Existing road will be widened to improve the capacity as well as horizontal geometrics. A combination of overlay and new construction will be followed for proposed improvements. At a number of places, the vertical profile will be changed to improve the vertical geometrics. This will require reconstruction after partial or full removal of the existing pavement, depending upon sub-grade condition. In urban areas cement concrete pavement along with side drain is proposed.

56. Concentric widening scheme is followed to minimise land acquisition issues and to ensure maximum utilisation of existing carriageway. The improvement is proposed to the existing pavement to meet the design requirement of 2.5 m. In specific stretches where the pavement is damaged/deteriorated special treatments, are proposed. The improvement proposal includes overlay of BC=30mm, DBM=50mm, or raising and reconstruction with WMM, or raising and reconstruction with GSB. The details of existing carriage way and widening proposal is given at Table 3.5

Table 3.5 : Sections for Existing Pavement Widening S.

No. Existing Chainage

Proposed

Length

Existing

Carriageway Proposed

Carriageway From To From To (mt.) 1 0.000 5.800 0.000 5.800 5.800 3.5 7.0 2 5.800 6.700 5.800 6.700 0.900 3.5 7.0 3 6.700 8.800 6.700 8.800 2.100 3.5 7.0 4 8.800 9.300 8.800 9.300 0.500 3.5 7.0 5 9.300 12.100 9.300 12.100 2.800 3.5 7.0 6 12.100 12.400 12.100 12.400 0.300 3.5 7.0 7 12.400 19.000 12.400 19.000 6.600 3.5 7.0 8 19.000 19.200 19.000 19.200 0.200 3.5 7.0 9 19.200 33.200 19.200 33.200 14.000 3.5 7.0 10 33.200 37.200 33.200 37.200 4.000 3.5 7.0 11 37.200 44.000 37.200 44.000 6.800 3.5 7.0 12 44.000 61.100 44.000 61.100 17.100 3.5 7.0 13 61.100 62.700 61.100 62.700 1.600 4.5 7.0

Source: DPR

Table 3.6 Proposed Improvement shoulder

S. No. Improvement Proposed Section (in Km) From To

1 Two lane with earthen shoulder 0.00 62.700 Source: DPR

3.6.3. Improvement Proposal for Intersection 57. Improvement scheme in respect of each junction is prepared to smooth

movement of traffic. The improvement proposal suggested include either left in left out approach or channelized intersection design.

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3.6.4. Design of Road Side Drains 58. For a sound drainage system open lined drain and chute drains in RCC

on hill side in mountainous terrain and slopes of high embankment respectively and as rapids on high cut sections is followed. The construction of an underground drain 1 m x 1 m lined with RCC-20 cm thick and covered with RCC slab10 cm in thickness is proposed at urban and semi-urban stretches. Details about the drainage are given in Table 3.7.

Table 3.7 : Cement Concrete Lined Drain

Sr. No.

Proposed Chainage (km)

Length ( L+R)

Remarks

From To (m) 1 5.800 6.700 900+900 Lakshmanpur 2 8.800 9.300 500 + 500 Palar 3 12.100 12.400 300 + 300 Mudiya 4 19.000 19.200 200+200 Bangaon 5 33.200 37.200 4000+4000 Hata 6 61.100 62.700 1600+1600 Gaisabad

Source: DPR

3.6.5. Traffic Control and Safety Measures 59. Adequate provisions for roadway width, geometric elements and junction

improvement are proposed to enhance the safety of road users. Due consideration has been made for the provisions contained in IRC: SP 44-1994, “Highway Safety Code”. Also, various measures have been proposed to increase traffic control for the High-speed highway.

3.6.5.1 Crash Barrier :

60. Safety barrier of rigid, flexible or semi-rigid type are proposed at following locations. In general W-beam crash barrier is proposed.

♦ Non-traversable road side embankments ♦ Where embankment height is 3 m or more ♦ Where embankment is retained by a retaining structure ♦ On valley sides of highway in hill sections ♦ Miscellaneous hazardous locations (like proximity to water structures,

non-collapsible sign supports, buildings etc.) ♦ Between main carriageway and footpath in bridges

The crash barrier locations are given in Table 3.8

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Table 3.8 : Crash Barrier Location Both Side

Proposed Chainage Length From To m 1.6 3.9 2.3 6.1 6.45 0.35 35.8 36.25 0.45

Source: DPR 3.6.5.2 Road Signs

61. Adequate road signs are proposed for the project road in order to provide advance information to regulate/control traffic flow and ensure safety of operations. All road signs are provided in accordance with IRC-67.

62. Appropriate road markings are provided with stop signs, give-way signs, traffic merging and diverging signs, lane closure signs, compulsory keep left/right signs or any other signs as per IRC-67. Advance cautionary signs are proposed for sharp curves along with chevron signs at the outer edge of the curves.

63. The signs will be of retro reflective sheetings of high intensity grade with encapsulated lens and fixing details as per of MoRT&H Specifications for Road and Bridge Works, 2001 are proposed.

3.6.5.3 Pavement Markings

64. In project road, pavement markings are proposed as per IRC: 35-1997, “Code of Practice for Road Marking” with centre-line, edge line, continuity line, stop line, give way lines, diagonal/chevron markings and zebra crossings. The pavement marking shall be of hot applied thermoplastic paint with glass beads as per the MORT&H specification for Road and Bridge Works, 2001.

3.6.6. Slope Stabilisation and Protection Works 65. Erosion is proposed to be minimized largely by the use of flat side slopes,

rounded and blended with natural terrain; serrated cut slopes; drainage channels designed with due regard to width, depth, slopes, alignment, and protective treatment; inlets located and spaced for erosion control prevention of erosion at culvert outlets; proper facilities for groundwater interception; dikes, berms, and other protective devices to trap sediment at strategic locations; and protective ground covers and planting.

66. High embankment will be site specifically designed considering the quality of the available material, prevalent moisture condition and associated pore water pressure, bearing capacity of the founding strata and the requirement of any preloading etc.

67. Other stabilisation measures as Concrete block pitching and Launching apron in CC blocks are proposed to be adopted on case to case basis after thorough study of the problematic sites.

3.6.7. Improvement Proposal for Bridges and Drainage Structure 68. There are sixteen minor bridges for improvement. The rehabilitation of the

bridge include the activities like change of damaged handrails,

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replacement of defective expansion joints, repairing of minor cracks, repairing of solid slab having signs of damage, cleaning by sand blasting of corroded steel reinforcement and additional reinforcement where necessary, strengthening and repairing with PMC of RCC solid slabs which show honeycombing, removal of existing wearing coat and replacement with new wearing coat of 50 mm thick bituminous concrete after laying 12 mm thick mastic asphalt, strengthening of approaches.

69. Water way/ vent way will be cleaned if vegetation growth is impeding the main water channel. The channel will be dredged if excessive siltation has blocked the waterway. Spur, dykes will be provided to change the water course if it is found that due to the flow direction, excessive scouring is occurring near one of pier or abutment and it is in danger.

3.6.8. Improvement Proposal for Causeways 70. There are no causeways proposed

3.6.9. Improvement Proposal for Culverts 71. There are 73 culverts consisting of 49 pipe culverts and 24 Slab type

culverts. The culverts are proposed to be widened for carriage way width of 12m. The improvement proposal includes dismantling and recasting of head walls, dead replacement with proper designs. Many of the culverts have vegetation in the channels apart from some sand mounds causing vent way obstructions, which need clearing. Pipe diameter less than 0.9 m is to be replaced by 1.2m diameter pipe. The culverts which are completely damaged or distressed are proposed for reconstruction. The culvert retained and repaired as mentioned above will be widen to match with formation width of road section

3.6.10. Utilities and Services 72. Utilities and Services are seen only in the vicinity of towns, villages and

roadside establishments the project road alignment traverses through either open area or agricultural land with small stretches of forest area. As the project road connects the major towns namely Damoh, Hata and Gaisabad, all major utilities run adjacent to the road alignment. Electric and telephone lines almost follow the existing road alignment. These have to be relocated.

3.7. Material required and Sourcing 73. The various construction materials which will be required for the project

road construction and other activities are listed below. • Borrow Soil • Aggregate • Granular material • Sand • Cement • Bitumen • Steel • Water

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3.7.1. Borrow soil 74. Borrow Soil identified during survey for DPR study revealed that it can be

used for road embankment as well as for sub-grade layer. The details of available source, location, average lead distance to the project road and approximate available quantity are given in Table 3.9

Table 3.9 : List of Borrow Area

S. No. Location Villages Distance from project corridor

1. Km. 9.35 Patla 200m Left & 300m Right

2. Km. 19.65 Sita nagar, bilai panka

500m Left & 400m Right

3. Km. 22.15 Kanjara 2 Km. Left

4 Km. 34.20 Rusalli 300m. Right Source: DPR

3.7.2. Aggregate 75. Aggregate stone is basic ingredient in road construction. Investigation of

quarry area was carried out to ascertain the potential source of aggregate for the construction of different pavement layers like Bituminous Concrete (BC), Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM), Bituminous Macadam (BM), Wet Mix Macadam (WMM), Granular Sub-base, sand for cement concrete works and GSB. The details of the quarry/crusher along with location details are given in Table 3.10

Table 3.10 : Quarry/crusher Locations Chainagewise

S. No. Location Chainage (km.)

1. 3 Km. Left Crusher 25 Km. Right crusher 0.00 Km.

2. 500m. Left Dealer 35.50

3. 300m.Left crusher 69.75 Source: DPR

3.7.3. Sand 76. Sand to be used in the concrete work during construction is available

near the location along the project road. The chainage-wise location is mentioned in Table 3.11.

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Table 3.11 : Availability of Sand Locations Chainage-wise

S. No. Location Chainage (km.)

1. River 400m on both sides 10.95

2. River 400m on both sides 11.05

3 River 400m on both sides 36.00

4 River 400m on both sides 52.69

5 Vyarma nadi on Right sides 65.75 Source: DPR

3.7.4. Cement 77. There are various cement manufacturing units in Madhya Pradesh

through which cement can be procured.

3.7.5. Bitumen 78. No specified is location is found along the sub project road. The Bitumen

will be procured from the nearest source available. Bitumen of VG-10 equivalent of 80-100 or VG-30 equivalent of 60-70 penetration grade is proposed to be used for bituminous work.

3.7.6. Steel 79. There is numbers of steel rolling factories is situated in Madhya Pradesh,

with various grade of steel. The steel is to be purchase from the open market.

3.7.7. Water 80. Ground water and surface water in the vicinity of the project road is

proposed to use as a source of water for construction activities. The approximate quantity of water required for construction activities in the project is 300 KLD

3.8. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost 81. The project is in the detailed design stage. The construction of widening

of the road to 2- lane road will be implemented in 18 to 24 months. The estimated cost of the project excluding R and R and EMP is estimated to be INR 951, 848, 637/-.

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4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 82. Baseline environmental conditions about all facets of environment viz.

physical, biological and socio-economic have been established using both primary and secondary sources. Efforts have been made to collect the latest information both at regional as well as local level especially along the project corridor. This will help to predict likely changes in the environment due to the project and will serve as performance indicators for various components.

83. The project road Damoh-Hata-Gaisabad is a section of SH-47 measuring 62.70 km in length and located in Damoh district of Madhya Pradesh. A summary of the important features of the project district is given in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 : Summary of Important Features of the Project Districts S. No. Parameters Damoh

1. General

It is lying in the north eastern part of Madhya Pradesh and occupies an area of 7,306 sq. km

It is surrounded by Jabalpur in South-East, Sagar in West, Chhatarpur in the North, Tikamgarh in North-West and Panna in North-East.

The district is located between 23º 8' to 24º 28' north latitude, 79º2' to 79º 56' east longitude.

It is located at an elevation of 595 m above MSL

2. Climate Temperature goes up to 48.2 º C (max.) and

min. 1 º C. It receives a normal rainfall of 1145 mm of

annually.

3.

Ecologically Sensitive Area Wild Life Sanctuaries None National Parks None Tiger Reserves None Elephant Reserves None

Reserve/Protected Forests

Karibara R.F, Choraiya R.F, Silapari R.f, Nepar R.f, Chopra R.f, Manakpura R.f, Sakari R.F, Ghora Khuri R.F, Hathidol R.F, Jamuniya P.F, Bahera R.F, Balakot R.F, Chirai R.F, Kalapani P.F, Somkhera R.F, Jamunhatri R.F, Lodhi R.F, Lagra R.F, Dhakarvaho R.F, Kaliyakuhi R.F, Devari R.F, Palwa R.F, Jamun R.F, Sahajpur R.F, Silpura R.F, Tala R.F, Devri R.F, Aloni R.F, Bhonrpani R.F, Gidra R.F, Sanga R.F, Mohar R.F, Jhada R.F, Churiari R.F, Magra R.F, Mariya R.F, Rajnagar R.F, Katangi R.F.

4.

Geomorphology

1. Major Physiographic Units

Vindhya Plateau Alluvial Plains Elevated plateau with low hills and forests

26

2. Major Drainage Sonar River, Bearma River, Kathera Nadi, Guralya Nadi.

5. Major Soil Type Shallow , medium and deep Black soil

6. Principal Crops Soyabean, wheat, Pulses, Rice, Jowar, Gram, Linseed .

7. Predominant Geological Formations Vindhyan Supergroup, Bulandkhand Granite

8. Hydrogeology Weathered/ Fractured Granite, Vindhyan & Deccan Trap

Source: District/Govt. websites

4.1. Physical Environment 4.1.1. Meteorology and Climate

84. Madhya Pradesh has a subtropical climate characterized by hot summer season and dryness except southwest monsoon season. Like most of north India it has a hot dry summer (April-June) followed by monsoon rains (July-September) and a cool and relatively dry winter (December-February). The maximum temperature during summer season ranges from 33 to 44ºC and 10 to 27ºC during winter season. The average rainfall is about 1,370 mm which decreases from east to west. The south-eastern districts have the heaviest rainfall, some places receiving as much as 2,150 mm, while the western and north-western districts receive 1,000 mm or less. The average rainfall pattern in different districts is shown in Figure 4.1

Figure 4.1 : Isohyetal map of Madhya Pradesh

85. Climate: The sub-project passes through Damoh district having a semi-arid climate. The winter season starts from December and continues till the end of February. January is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 24oC and the mean daily minimum temperature at 6oC. Monsoon in the area comes from south-westerly winds. The average annual rainfall of the district is recorded as 1033 mm during 2009. The air is generally humid during monsoon and the average relative

27

humidity varies between 52 to 80%. Generally light to moderate winds prevails throughout the year. The predominant directions of wind were observed from NE, NW and N. During the past six years, highest amount of rainfall was received in year 2005. Monthly rainfall details for last six years in the district have been summarized in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 : Monthly Rainfall (mm) at Damoh During Past Six Years

Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total 2004 39.2 0 0 20 4.6 264.4 352.4 293.5 62.4 12.2 0 0 1048.7 2005 7 0 0 0 0 191.4 922.4 352.2 168.3 7 0 18.5 1666.8 2006 0 0 38.4 14.2 0 14 339 311 79 0 10.4 0 806 2007 0 22.6 4.6 0 22.4 109 229.2 356.6 139.7 0 0 4.8 888.9 2008 0 0 0 4 0.5 579 256.3 315.5 99.6 4.5 0 0 1259.4 2009 25.1 0 0 11 5.6 19 230 153.1 192.6 46.9 101.1 8.7 1033.1 Source: India Meteorological Department, Delhi

4.1.2. Air and Noise Quality 86. In absence of any existing data on ambient air quality and noise levels of

the project area, onsite monitoring was conducted at few selected locations. Most of the project area lies in vast open agricultural land and is largely free from air pollution and noise generating sources other than traffic and few brick-kilns existing in the area.

4.1.2.1 Air Quality

87. The 24 hourly average ambient air quality levels with respect to suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable particulate matter (RSPM), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) are shown in Table 4.3. The Table reveals that SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx range from 81 to 167 µg/m3, 34 to 82 µg/m3, 4.3 to 12.6 µg/m3 and 5.5 to 16.7 µg/m3 respectively in the project area. These ambient air quality levels conform to the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) (Appendix 4.1).

Table 4.3 : Ambient Air Quality Along the project section (24 Hourly) Location RSPM SPM SO2 NOX

Palar Max 62 138 10.2 12.4 Min 34 84 6.4 8.2 Avg 47 122 8.3 10.7

Kanjara Max 77 158 11.6 14.5 Min 41 90 8.3 11.6 Avg 52 130 9.4 12.8

Gutariya Max 71 146 12.6 16.7 Min 38 81 5.7 5.5 Avg 58 126 8.5 12.3

Gaisabad Max 82 167 9.7 13.4 Min 55 95 4.3 Avg 60 130 7.2

Source: Field Monitoring

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4.1.2.2 Noise:

88. The ambient noise levels (Table 4.4) at most of the locations is well within the permissible limits as prescribed by CPCB (Appendix 4.2) for day time and night time. Overall the noise level in the project region is not disturbing.

Table 4.4 : Noise Level Along the Project Section

S. No. Location Noise level in dB (A) Day Night Leq Leq

1 Mudiya 52.3 44.2 2 Luhari 54.4 40.5 3 Hardua Gadaiya 50.8 42.3 4 Hinota Kala 49.5 41.7


4.1.3. Topography and Geomorphology 89. The project road lies between 79º 26’ E to 79º 50’ E and 23º 50’ N to 24º

14’ N and lies in Damoh district. The district mainly comprises of Vindhya Plateau. The district, which falls in Sagar Division, lies on the southeast of the Vindhyan plateau and is ringed by forested Vindhyachal hills in the west. The southern part of the district is an elevated plateau with low. The plateau slopes towards the north, till there is an abrupt drop to a highly fertile plain spread across the central and northern parts of the district

90. The topography of the project road section is mixed type. The proposed project road passes through plain terrain. No forest exists along the project road. The land use is mixed type with sections of agricultural land along the project road.

4.1.4. Geology/Soil 91. The project area is occupied by Vindhyan Supergroup. The Vindhyan

constitutes un-metamorphosed columns of Calcareous, Arenaceous, and Argillaceous sediments .The Vindhyan rocks are developed in ‘Son-valley’ and in certain parts of M.P.

92. Soil: The soil type of the district is mainly shallow to medium Black soil. In some portion of the district river alluvial soil is also found. The alluvium consists of clay, silt, sand, gravels and pebbles. The soil sample has been collected at four locations in the project section as shown in Table 4.5. The Table reveals that the dominant soil type is sandy loam with good organic content.

B

29

Table 4.5 : Physiochemical Characteristics of soil in the project road

S. No. Parameters Location

Bangaon Luhari Gutariya Hinota Kala 1 Colour Brown Brown Yellow Yellow 2 pH (20% slurry) 7.3 8.2 7.8 7.3

3 Conductivity ( μmhos / cm, 20% slurry) 230 317 288 224

4 Moisture (%) 1.45 1.26 1.72 1.58 5 Chlorides (%) 0.0422 0.0458 0.0384 0.0335 6 Bulk density (g/cc) 1.32 1.25 1.27 1.3 7 Porosity (%v/v) 0.65 0.6 0.72 0.65

8 Water Holding Capacity (%) 26 28 32 26

9 CEC meq/100g 28.4 26.3 24.5 25.8 10 Carbonate (%) NT NT NT NT 11 Bicarbonate (%) 0.0774 0.0832 0.0884 0.0746 12 Organic Matter (%) 0.55 0.58 0.6 0.51

13 Texture Sandy Clay Loam

Sandy Clay Loam

Sandy Clay Loam

Sandy Clay Loam

14 Nitrogen % 1.44 1.45 1.36 1.72 15 Potassium ,kg/h 1.58 1.47 1.32 1.45 16 Phosphorous, kg/h 28.2 26.8 32.4 30.5


4.1.5. Seismicity 93. The project region falls in Zones II & III of seismicity & low hazard zone in

the seismic and hazard zoning map respectively as shown in the Figure 4.2 below.

Source: Amateur Seismic Centre, Pune

Source: IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002

30

Figure 4.2 : Hazard and Seismic Zoning Map 4.1.6. Land use

94. The area under various land uses in the state is presented in Table 4.6. The Table shows that the major portion of the land use is under agriculture (48.69%) followed by forest cover (28%).

Table 4.6 : Land Use Pattern in the State

Land Use Area in '000 ha Percentage Total geographical area 30824 Reporting Area for land utilization 30756 100 Net area Sown 14975 48.7 Forest* 8688 28.2 Area not available for cultivation 3364 10.9 Permanent Pasture & Grazing land 1341 4.3 Land under misc. tree crops & groves 20 0.06 Cultivable waste land 1175 3.8 Fallow land other than current fallows 596 1.9 Current fallows 596 1.9

Source: DPR • The data is given for 2004-05 (as per availability) including Reserved & Protected Forest

95. Land Use Pattern along the project road Section: Land use pattern along the project road is also mixed type dominated by agriculture and residential areas. Chainage-wise land use along the project road is given in Table 4.7. It has plain terrain. The project road passes through plain terrain. No forest exists along the project road. The land use is mixed type with sections of agricultural land along the project road. However, density of vegetation is very less i.e. 0.20 to 0.25.There are also few public and private settlements along the project road.

Table 4.7 : Chainage wise land use along the project road

CHAINAGE LAND USE REMARK From To 0.000 0.400 Built-up area / Agricultural land Town – Damoh 0.400 0.900 Built-up / Agricultural Village – Motigagh 0.900 1.300 Agricultural land 1.300 2.300 Built-up area Hata Naka 2.300 2.600 Agricultural land 2.600 3.500 Agricultural land 3.500 4.000 Built-up area Village – Manpura 4.000 5.800 Agricultural land 5.800 6.700 Built-up Village - Lakshmanpur 6.700 6.950 Agricultural land 6.950 7.000 Built-up area Village – Mahantpur 7.000 8.800 Agricultural land 8.800 9.300 Built-up area Village – Palar 9.300 9.700 Agricultural land 9.700 9.900 Built-up area Village- Mondlakhedi

31

CHAINAGE LAND USE REMARK From To 9.900 12.100 Agricultural land 12.100 12.400 Built-up area Village – Mudiya 12.400 15.300 Agricultural land 15.300 15.600 Built-up area Village –Akarkheda 15.600 19.000 Agricultural land 19.000 19.200 Built-up area Village – Bangaon 19.200 21.000 Agricultural land 21.000 21.100 Built-up area Village – Kanjara 21.100 27.300 Agricultural land 27.300 27.600 Built-up area Village - Luhari 27.600 28.000 Built-up area 28.000 33.200 Agricultural land 33.200 33.800 Built-up area Town - Hata 33.800 34.100 Built-up area Town - Hata 34.100 34.900 Built-up area Town - Hata 34.900 36.200 Built-up area Town - Hata 36.200 37.200 Built-up area Town - Hata 37.200 38.200 Agricultural land 38.200 39.800 Agricultural land 39.800 40.100 Agricultural land 40.100 40.800 Built-up area Village - Binti 40.800 41.900 Agricultural land 41.900 42.100 Built-up area Village – Karaiyajoshi 42.100 43.800 Agricultural land 43.800 44.000 Agricultural land 44.000 44.900 Built-up area Village – Hardua 44.900 46.000 Agricultural land 46.000 47.000 Built-up area Village – Khudriya 47.000 48.100 Agricultural land 48.100 48.300 Built-up area Village – Sarapchopra 48.300 51.200 Agricultural land 51.200 52.500 Built-up area Village – Hinota Kala 52.500 56.900 Agricultural land 56.900 57.400 Built-up area Village – Budwar 57.400 58.900 Agricultural land 58.900 59.200 Built-up area Village – Garraiya 59.200 60.900 Agricultural land / barren land 60.900 61.100 agricultural land/ barren land 61.100 62.700 Built-up area Town - Gaisabad

Source: DPR

4.1.7. Hydrology and Drainage 96. Madhya Pradesh represents great river basins and the watershed of a

number of rivers. Catchments of many rivers of India lie in Madhya Pradesh.Damoh district lies in the catchment area of river Ken which falls in the Ganga Basin. The major drainage is Sonar and Bearma River and their tributaries. Kathera Nadi and Guralya Nadi also drain the Damoh district.

97. The project area is drained by Sonar and Kopra rivers and their tributaries. Sohar river crosses the road which is a non perennial river.

32

The Kopra river is running in left hand side of the road. Sonar River is found perennial on ground observation. The water bodies along the corridor are given in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8 : List of Surface Water Sources Along/Across Project Corridor S. No. Name Whether Crossing or in Buffer Area 1. Sohar Nadi Crossing the project alignment 2. Sonar River Buffer Zone 3. Kopra River Buffer Zone

Source: District planning map sheets/ Google Earth/Wikimapia site

Figure 4.3 : Drainage map of the Project Road SH-47.

33

4.1.8. Groundwater 98. The ground water availability along the project road area is poor. The

depth of water table varies from 100-1500 feet below ground level. Most of the wells become dry except in monsoon season. The groundwater quality of the samples collected during field survey in the study area has been summarised in Table 4.9. The results reveal that the ground water quality conforms to the drinking water standards (Appendix 4.3).

Table 4.9 : Groundwater Quality Along the Project Corridor

S. No Parameters

Locations

Palar Kanjara Hardua Gadaiya

Hinota Kala

1 Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless 2 pH 7.5 6.8 7.3 7.8 3 Conductivity (μmhos / cm) 580 615 485 450 4 Turbidity, NTU 2 2 2 2 5 TDS (mg/l) 370 380 305 270 6 TSS (mg/l) 21 15 10 14 7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) 155 125 140 132 8 Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 35.6 32.2 28.7 32.6 9 Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) 15.6 18.2 14.5 16.2 10 Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 11 Phosphates as PO4 (mg/l) 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.08 12 Florides as F (mg/l) 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 13 Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.24 0.27 0.23 0.2 14 Lead as Pb (mg/l) 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.05 15 Copper as Cu (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 16 Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 17 Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 18 Chromium Total as Cr (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 19 Manganese as Mn (mg/l) 0.06 0.07 0.04 0.06 20 Oil & grease (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 21 Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 32.5 27.3 26.5 29.8 22 Magnesium as Mg (mg/l) 21.5 17.3 18.5 16.8

Source: Analysis of Field Samples

4.1.9. Surface water 99. Water samples taken from Sonar River and Kopra River have been

compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for Irrigation- Class D and propagation of wild life and fisheries -Class-E (Appendix.4.4). The results of the samples conforms their suitability for both these purposes. Results of the surface water quality in the project area have been summarized in Table 4.10.

34

Table 4.10 : Surface Water Quality of the rivers in project area

S. No. Parameters Location

Sonar River Kopra River 1 Colour Colourless Colourless 2 pH 7.4 7 3 Conductivity (μmhos / cm) 430 445 4 Turbidity, NTU 5 6 5 TDS (mg/l) 270 280 6 TSS (mg/l) 20 19 7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) 126 135 8 Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 32.2 28.2 9 Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) 16.3 15.6 10 Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) ND ND 11 Phosphates as PO4 (mg/l) 0.06 0.07 12 Florides as F (mg/l) 0.3 ND 13 Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.14 0.2 14 Lead as Pb (mg/l) ND ND 15 Copper as Cu (mg/l) ND ND 16 Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND 17 Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.7 0.8 18 Chromium Total as Cr (mg/l) ND ND 19 Manganese as Mn (mg/l) 0.05 0.08 20 Oil & grease (mg/l) ND ND 21 Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 24.5 26.3 22 Magnesium as Mg (mg/l) 15.2 14.2 23 Total Coliform ND ND 24 DO 5.7 4.4 25 BOD 6.3 4.2 26 COD 22 20.9

Source: Analysis of field Samples; ND: Not Detected

4.2. Ecological Resources 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology

4.2.1.1.1 Forests

100. Madhya Pradesh is endowed with rich and diverse forest resources. Lying between lat. 21° 04'N and long. 74° 02' and 82° 49' E, it is a reservoir of biodiversity. The geographical area of the state is 3,08,144 km2 which constitutes 9.38% of the land area of the country. The forest area of the state is 95,221 km2 constituting 31% of the geographical area of the state and 12.44% of the forest area of the country. Legally this area has been classified into "Reserved Forest, Protected Forest and Unclassified Forest", which constitute 61.7%, 37.4% and 0.9% of the forest area respectively. Central, eastern and southern parts of the state are rich, whereas northern and western parts are deficient in forest. The forest cover of Madhya Pradesh is shown in Figure No. 1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity�

35

Figure 4.4 : Forest Cover Map of Madhya Pradesh

101. There are four important forest types viz. Tropical Moist, Tropical Dry, Tropical Thorn , Subtropical broadleaved Hill forests. The forest area can also be classified based on the composition of forest and terrain of the area. Based on composition, there are three important forest formations namely teak, Sal and miscellaneous forests. Bamboo bearing areas are widely distributed in the state.

102. Forest Area along the Project Section: There are no forests along the project road.

4.2.1.1.2 Flora

103. The study area is dominated by agricultural fields. The vegetation in the study area is found on the edges of fields and along the roadside. However, there are few orchards enroute the corridor which are fruit bearing in nature like Mangifera indica Syzygium cumini Tamarindus indica etc. Dominant species found along the road side are Shisham or Indian Rosewood- Dalbergia sissoo, Aam or Mango-Mangifera indica, Eucalyptus spp., Jamun or Java Plum- Syzygium cumini, Teak- Tectona grandis, Khair- Acacia catechu, Neem- Azadirachta indica, Kikar or Babul- Acacia nilotica, Siris - Albizia lebek, Ber or Indian Jujube- Zizyphus mauritiana, Kair or Teat -Capparis deciduas, Barh or Banyan- Ficus benghalensis, Pipal or Bo Tree - Ficus religiosa, Bogori - Zizyphus jujuba, Imli or Tamarind- Tamarindus indica, Ghoranim – Melia azedarach, Mahua - Madhuca indica and Bamboo plantations. The list of common trees observed during the present survey along the road is given in Table 4.11.

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_Moist&action=edit&redlink=1�

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_Dry&action=edit&redlink=1�

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_Thorn&action=edit&redlink=1�

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subtropical_broadleaved_Hill_forests&action=edit&redlink=1�

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teak�

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_tree�

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo�

36

Table 4.11 : List of Plant Species found in the Study Area S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family

Large Trees 1. Achar Buchanania lanzan (spreg) Anacardiaceae 2. Arjun Terminalia arjuna (Bedd) Combretaceae 3. Aam Mangifera indica (Linn) Anacardiaceae 4. Awla Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae 5. Imli Tamarindus indica (Linn) Caesalpiniaceae 6. Kardhai Anogeissus pendula Combrataceae 7. Kala siras Albizia lebbek Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 8. Kevlor Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpinaceae 9. Kumbhi Careya arborea Myrtaceae 10. Kullu Sterculia urens Stcrculiaceae 11. Kem Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae 12. Khair Acacia catechu Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 13. Gular Ficus glomerata Moraceae 14. Gunja Gardenia pinnata Burseraceae 15. Chchwa Albizzia odoratissima Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 16. Chirol Holoptelea integrifolia Legumenosae (Mimoseae) 17. Jamun Syzygium cuimini Myrataceae 18. Kankar Lannea coromandalica Anacardiaceae 19. Tendu Diospyros melanoxeon Ebenaceae 20. Dhavda Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae 21. Dhobin Dalbergia paniculata Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 22. Nilgiri Eucalyptus spp Myrtaceae 23. Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 24. Palas Butea monosperma Leguminosea (papilionaceae) 25. Pakar Ficus infectoria Moraceae 26. Padar Stereospermum suaveolens Bignoniaceae 27. Pangra Erythrina Suberosa Leguminosae (Pipilionaceae) 28. Pipal Ficus religiosa Moraceae 29. Bad Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 30. Bahera Terminalia belerica Combretaceae 31. Babul Acacia nilotica Legumenosae (Mimoseae) 32. Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 33. Bhirra Chloroxylon Swietenia, D.C. Meliaceae 34. Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa Simarubiaceae 35. Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 36. Shisham Delbergia latifolia, Roxb Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 37. Safed Siras Albizzia procera, Benth Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 38. Sagwan Tectona grandis Verbenaceae 39. Saj Terminalia tomentosa Combretaceae 40. Salai Boswellia serrata Burseraceae 41. Seja Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae 42. Semal Salmalia malabarica, Bombaxcieba Malvaceae 43. Haldu Adina Cardifolia Rubiaceae Small Trees 44. Amaltash Cassia fistula Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 45. Astara Bauhinia malabarica Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 46. Asta Bauhinia racermosa Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 47. Ghont Zizyphus xylopyra Rhamnaceae 48. Ber Zizyphus jujube Rhamnaceae 49. Lokhandi Ixora arborea Rubiaceae

37

S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family 50. Sehra Bauhinia retusa Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) Shrubs and Under Shrubs 51. Adusa Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae 52. Apamarg Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae 53. Arandi Ricinus Communis Euphorbiaceae 54. Aak Calotropis gigantean Asclepiadaceae 55. Gokhru Tribulus terrestris Zygophllaceae 56. Zhadneri Zizyphus nummularia Rhamnaceae 57. Tulsi Ocimum Sanctum Labiatae 58. Thuar Euphorbia nerifolia Euphorbiaceae 59. Dhavai Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae 60. Nirgudi Vitex negundo Verbenaceae 61. Neel Indigofera pulchella Leguminosae 62. Pawar Cassia tora Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 63. Beshram Ipomoea pescaparae Convolvulaceae 64. Bhatkatiya Solanum nigrum Solanaceae 65. s Vidyasini Lantana camara Verbenaceae 66. Shatavari Asparagus recemosus Liliaceae 67. Sitafal Anona Squamosa Anonaceae 68. Harsingar Nyctanthes arbortristis Oleacaae 69. Ratanjot Jatropha curacas Evphorbiaceae 70. Gunja Abrus precatorious Leguminosea 71. Gauj Millietia auriculata Leguminosea (Pipilionaceae) 72. Palasbel Butea superba Leguminosea (Pipilionaceae) 73. Amrbel Cuscuta reflexa Convolvulaceae 74. Bans Dendrocalamus Strictus Gramineae

Source: Field Survey and Secondary Sources

104. The study area shows presence of medicinal plants. The area abounds in production of many kinds of fruits, flowers, seeds and leaves which have medicinal properties. Study area has got a variety of trees and plants owing to the climatic and geological factors. There are many plants like Brahmi, Satavari, Safed Musli, Bahera, Amla, Dhavas, Arjuna which have medicinal value found in the study area.

105. No threatened, rare or endangered plant species is found in the project section.

4.2.1.2 Fauna

4.2.1.2.1 Wild Life and Protected Areas

106. There are 9 National Parks and 25 Sanctuaries spread over an area of 10,862 km2 constituting 11.40% of the total forest area and 3.52% of the geographical area of the state. The details of National Park and Sanctuaries is shown in Figure 4.4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Parks�

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctuaries�

38

Figure 4.5 : National Parks and Sanctuaries in Madhya pradesh

107. The vegetation density and diversity is an important factor determining the habitat and thus for particular wild animals. Different animals prefer different types of habitat for food and shelter. During the survey langur and macaque were sighted in different locations. Grazing activity mostly performed by domestic animals like cow, buffaloes, goat etc. was also witnessed during field survey. The public consultation revealed the existence of Jackals, Foxes, Hare, macaque in the study area. The list of fauna present in study area is given in Table 4.12.

Table 4.12 : List of Fauna found in the Study Area S. No. Local Name Zoological Name Family

1. Common Langur Presbytia entellus Colobidae 2. Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta Circopthecidae 3. Common jungle cat Felis chaus Felidae 4. Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Herpestidae 5. Jackal Canis aureus Canidae 6. Indian Fox Vulpes benglensis Canidae 7. Common five Stripped squirrel Funambulus pennanti Sciuridae 8. Field rat Bandicota bengalensis Muridae 9. Common house rat Rattus rattus-refescena Muridae 10. Common India Porcupine Hystrix indica Hystricidae 11. Common Indian hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae

Source: Field Study/Secondary Sources and Public Consultation

108. The reptile includes the snakes and lizards of various types. Non poisonous snakes include rat snake, Dhaman etc. the poisonous snakes include the cobra, common Krait, Russell’s viper etc. lizards including monitor lizard are also observed. The agriculture field in the study area provides an ideal habitat for many snakes and other reptiles. Reptiles such as Russell viper, cobra, and python were found occasionally in the

39

dense vegetation areas as per-narrated by local people. The list of common reptiles found in the study area is shown in Table 4.13

Table 4.13 : List of Reptiles in the Study Area S. No. Scientific Name English Name Family

1. Python molurus Indian python Pythonidae 3. Mabuya carinata Common skink Scincidae 6. Ptyas mucosus Rat snake Colubridae 7. Hemidactyhus

flaviviridis House Lizard Gekkonidae

9. Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Agamidae 10. Bungarus caeruleus Common India Krait Elapidae 11. Viper russelli Russel’s Viper Viperidae 14. Naja naja Indian cobra Elapidae 17. Varanus bengalensis Moniter Lizard varanidae 18. Dendrelaphis tristis Tree snake Colubridae

Source: Secondary Sources and Public Consultation

109. There are no Wild Life Sanctuaries/National Parks, Tiger Reserves etc. in the project area

110. The common Butterflies found in the study area are Danaus chrysippus, Tirumala limniace, Euploea core etc the list of Butterflies found in the study area is given in Table 4.14.

Table 4.14 : List of Butterflies found in the study area

S. No. Scientific name Common name 1 Danaus chrysippus Plain tiger 2 Euthalia nais Baronet 3 Euploea core Common crow 4 Catopsilia Pomona Common emigrant 5 Danaus genutia Stripped tiger 6 Tirumala limniace Blue tiger

Source: Secondary Sources 4.2.1.2.2 Avifauna

111. A total number of 22 species of birds were encountered during the present survey. Dominant bird species observed during the survey are blue rock pigeon, rose ringed parakeet, small blue kingfisher, green bee eater, house crow, common myna, House sparrow etc. List of bird species found in study area is given in Table 4.15

40

Table 4.15 : List of Avifauna found in the Study Area S. No. English Name Zoological Name Family

1. Gray Heron Ardea Cinerea Ardeidae 2. Paddy Bird Ardeola grayii Ardeidae 3. Cattle egret Bulbulcus ibis Ardeidae 4. White egret Egretta alba Ardeidae 5. Little Egret Egretta garzetta Ardeidae 6. Black parteidge Francolinus from Colinus Phasianidae 7. Gray partridge Francolinus pond-icerianus Phasianidae 8. Common or gray quail Cotuenix coturnix Phasianidae 9. Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus Charadridae 10. Yellow wattled lapwing Vanellus malabaricus Charadridae 11. Common green pigeon Treron Phoenicoptera Collumbidae 12. Blue rock pigeon Columba livia Collumbidae 13. Indian ring dove Streptopelia decaocto Collumbidae 14. Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis Collumbidae 15. Large Indian Parakeet Psittacula eupatria Psittacidae 16. Rose ringed Parakeet Psittacula Krameri Psittacidae 17. Blossom headed

parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Psittacidae

18. Koel Eudynamys scolopaceae Cuculidae 19. Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae 20. Pied king fisher Ceryle rudis Alcedinidae 21. Small Blue king fisher or

Common king fisher Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae

22. White breasted king fisher

Halcyon smyrnensis Alcedinidae

23. Green bee eater Merops orientalis Meropidae 24. Indian roller blue jay Coracias benghalensis Coracidae 25. Indian pitta Pitta brachyuran Pittiade 26. Golden oriole Oriolus oriolus Orioladae 27. King crow; Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis Dicruidae 28. Large Racket tailed

drango Dicrurus paradiseus Dicruidae

29. Pied myna Sturnus contra Sturnidae 30. Common myna Aeridotheres tristis Sturnidae 31. Jungle myna Aeridotheres Sturnidae 32. House crow Corvus splendens Corvidae 33. Jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos Corvidae 34. Red whisked bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Pycnontidae 35. Redvented bulbul Pyenonotus cafer Pycnontidae 36. Jungle babbler Turdoidesstriatus Muscicapidae

Timalinae

37. Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Muscicapidae

41

S. No. English Name Zoological Name Family 38. Magpie Robin Copsychus-saularis Muscicapidae

Turdinae

39. Indian Robin Saxicola fulicatus Muscicapidae Turdinae

40. Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea Motacillidae 41. Yellow Wagtail Motacilla glava Motacillidae 42. Purple sun Bird Nectarinia asiatica Nectarinidae 43. House sparrow Passer-domesticus passerinae 44. Weaver bird Ploceus philippinus passerinae 45. Red Munia Estrilda amandava Estrildinae

Source: Secondary Sources and public consultation

112. Roadside plantations: The major species envisaged Mango, Babool, Sagon, Gurar, Sheesham, Pipal, Aam, Chidol, Liptus, Sheesham, Soya Babool, Palash, etc along the project road. It is envisaged that about 1422 trees (675 trees in left side and 747 trees are on right side) exist within a corridor of 20 m along (10 m on either side from the centre line) of the project road.

4.2.2. Aquatic Ecology 113. The important fishes commonly available in the region are Catla catla,

Labeo rohita, Labeio calbase, Cirrihinus, mirgigale, Clarius, batrachus, Rita rita, Heteropneuptus fonilis, Notopterus nontopterus, N. Chitala, Macrobrachum rosenbergii, M. malconsini, M. Chapral, Channa punetatus C. gaehua, C.striatus.

4.3. Socio-Economic Environment 4.3.1. Economic Development

114. The economy of Madhya Pradesh is based on agriculture, forest products, industries, mineral resources, and cottage industry sectors. The gross domestic product of the state amounted to Rs. 304,720 million in 1990, in 1995 this figure amounted to Rs. 478,410 million, and in 2000 this figure stood at Rs. 737,150 million.

4.3.1.1 Agriculture 115. In 2004-05, the state has produced about 14.1million tones of food grains

(comprising Cereals 10.7million tonnes and 3.4million tonnes of pulses) and about 4.8 million tones of total Oilseed (Soyabean production is 3.75 million tones). The state has contributed 7.43% food grains, 8.7% cereals and 21.4% pulses to the national food storage. The contribution of national oil seed production was 22.1% in the 2003-04. Thus the state became highest producer of pulses and second oilseed producer in the country in 2003-04.

116. Agriculture of the Project District: The major economic crops of the district are Soyabean, Wheat, Gram Jowar and Pulses. The district is economically backward because of unfertile land and lack of irrigation sources.

42

4.3.1.2 Mineral Resources

117. Madhya Pradesh is rich in minerals. There are large reserves of coal and important deposits of iron ore, manganese ore, bauxite, limestone, dolomite, copper, fire clay & china clay. Diamond reserves at Panna are of particular interest. There are 24 cement factories in the state. The state is one of the largest producers of cement in the country. The reserves of dolomite (66 million tonnes), fuller’s earth (1.2 lakh million tonnes), clay (12030 million tonnes), lime stone, quartz etc. reported in project area.

118. Mineral Resources of the Project District: The Vindhyan range of the project district provides good sandstone and limestone.

4.3.1.3 Industries

119. The major industries of the state are electronics, telecommunications, petrochemicals, food processing and automobiles. The state has also taken a lead in the production of cement. The state is also famous for its traditional handicrafts and handlooms manufactured at Chanderi and Maheshwar. The major industrial unit in the state are- cement, Pig Iron, Steel Ingots, News Prints and Sugar mills.

120. Industries of Project District: Industries include oilseed milling, handloom weaving and dyeing, and the manufacture of bell-metal vessels and pottery, bidi (indigenous cigarette) factories, cement and gold and silver smithies. A number of betel leaf gardens are located around Damoh, and the leaf is exported. Annual fairs are held on Nagapanchami day and the Jatashankar fair is held in January. It has a considerable cattle-market, and a number of small industries, such as weaving, dyeing and pottery-making. Because of the Limestone deposits in and around it, Mysore Cements Ltd., a Company owned and controlled by the "House of Birlas", constructed a large cement plant - Diamond Cements - at Narsingarh with a capacity of One million tons per annum.

121. Industries in the project road section:-No industries exist in the section of the project road.

4.4. Infrastructural Facilities 4.4.1.1 Water Supply

122. The groundwater condition of the projects districts is poor. It is for this reason that agriculture in the region is monsoon dependent. Groundwater is primarily used for drinking and domestic purposes in the project influence area.

4.4.1.2 Transportation 123. Madhya Pradesh is poorly served with transport and communication

facilities. State has about 21km of roads per 100 sq. km, as amongst an all India average of 62 km per sq. km. The road network is deficient both in the quantum network connectivity as well as in riding quality of the roads, mainly the state highways, district roads and village roads. The main railroads that pass through the state were originally laid down to connect the ports of Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkota with their surrounding areas. Important railway junctions include Bhopal, Ratlam, Khandwa,

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43

Itarsi and Katni. Major airports connecting the states with other part of the country are at Bhopal, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, Rewa and Khajuraho, as well as several national highways.

124. Transportation of the Project District: Damoh district is connected by rail and road. It lies on Bina –katni railway line of western –central Railway. SH- 37 is passing through the district. Damoh is well connected by rail and road. The nearest rail heads are Harpalpur and Jhansi from Delhi and Madras and the Satna district is connected with both the districts and is the nearby rail head for the people coming from Mumbai, Calcutta and Varanasi through Mumbai-Allahbad line of the Central Railway. Damoh district is well connected to Sagar and Jabalpur by road and rail. The nearest airport to Damoh district is Jabalpur.

125. The proposed Damoh-Hata-Gaisabad road i/c Hata Town section serves as a link connecting important cities of Damoh District. This will improve the quality of life for the rural population in the project influence area (Damoh, Hata and Gaisabad) this as a result of better access to markets, health, education and other facilities; and the derived stimulus for local economic activity. The project road connects to the tourist destinations i.e. Jatashankar and Nohleshwar temple in Damoh district.The improvement of roads infrastructure in the region will enhance the tourism potential as well as will lead to increased socio-economic activities in the district. Therefore, the existing road infrastructure urgently needs improvement by widening and reconstruction.

4.4.1.3 Power Sources and Availability 126. The state is well endowed with potential hydroelectric power. Main

hydroelectric projects (jointly developed with other states) are the Babanthadi with Maharashtra, the Ban Sagar with Bihar and uttar Pradesh, the Chambal Valley with Rajasthan, Narmada Sagar with Gujrat and Rajasthan, and Rajghat and Urmil with Uttar Pradesh. The Hasdeo Bango, Bargi, and Birsinghapur thermal power projects are also within the state.

127. Installed power capacity of Madhya Pradesh is 6,305 MW, of which 2,990 MW is produced from state’s own projects, 1,599 MW from joint-venture projects and 1,716 MW from the central sector allocation. Per capita electricity consumption in the state is 270 Kwh. About 97.43% villages in the state have been electrified.

4.4.2. Population and Communities 128. Madhya Pradesh is a landlocked state in the central part of the country

with a population of 60.3 million with more than74% of the population living in the rural areas. The population density of the state is 196 persons/km2 an compared to 325 persons/km2 of India. Sex ratio of the state is 920 against the 933 in the country.

129. According to the census 2001, the state of Madhya Pradesh and India have following facts on Population (Table 4.16)

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Table 4.16 : Demographic Profile of the State and the country S. No. Feature Madhya Pradesh India 1 Geographical Area (sq. km) 308824 3287240 2 Total Population 60385118 1028737436 3 Male population 31456873 532223090 4 Female population 28928245 496514346 5 Rural Population 44282528 742490639 6 Urban Population 16102590 286119689 7 Density 196 325 8 Sex ratio (female/1000 male) 920 933 9 Literacy (%) 64.08 64.8 Source: Census Data, Census of India, 2001

130. The project road SH-47 is passing through the 14 villages of the district. These villages are listed in Table 4.17.

Table 4.17 : List of villages in the project road

S. No. Name of the village Chainage

Side From To

1. Lakshmankuti 0.000 2.300 Both sides 2. Palar 8.700 9.300 Both sides 3. Mudiya 11.100 12.700 Both sides 4. Bangaon 19.000 19.500 Both sides 5. Kanjara 23.100 23.550 Both sides 6. Luhari 27.300 28.100 Both sides 7. Hata Town 33.100 37.00 Both sides 8. Binati 40.000 40.500 Both sides 9. Karaiyajoshi 41.900 42.100 Both sides 10. Hardua Gadaiya 44.000 44.900 Both sides 11. Gutariya 45.900 46.800 Both sides 12. Hinota Kala 51.200 52.700 Both sides 13. Budwar 56.900 57.300 Both sides 14. Gaisabad 61.100 End of point Both sides

Source: DPR and Strip Mapping

131. The total number of households in the villages of the project road is 8688 where the total population is 45065. Out of these, about 77.54 % is general.The SC/ST population accounts for about 22.46 % of the total population as shown in Figure 4.6. The figure also reveals that the gender ratio among SC/ST population is almost the same.

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Source: Census of India, 2001

Figure 4.6 : Demographic Status of the Project Section 4.4.3. Literacy

132. The overall literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh is 64.08 %, which is almost equivalent to the countries literacy rate (64.8%). The project road passing through the Damoh district of Madhya Pradesh covering 14 villages have total literacy rate of 62.7% (Figure 4.7).The population of literate male (60.51%) is comparatively high than female literate (39.48%).

Figure 4.7 : Literacy rate along the project section 4.4.4. Occupational Status

133. In the villages of the project road 39.1 % of the total population comprise the workforce out of which about 69.1 % are male working class population. Marginal population of villages of the project road is 6.98 %. Maximum percentage of the workers is in the agriculture sector as cultivators or agricultural labourers or employee in agro based industries as shown in Figure 4.8.

77.54%

21.03%

1.43%

GEN

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Figure 4.8 : Occupational Status 134. Tribal population in the project area is very low (1.43 % in the project

area).

4.4.5. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance

135. There is no such site of significance either impacted or in the close vicinity of the project area.

4.4.6. Areas of Eco-Sensitivity/Protected Area/Restricted Area legislative and others

136. The project road does not pass through any National Park / Wildlife Sanctuary. No forest exists along the project road.

32.14%

6.99%60.88%

MAIN WORKER

MARG WORKER

NON WORKER

18%

11%

12%

59%

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0100200300400500600700800900

MARG CL MARG AL MARG HH MARG OT

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5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES

137. Environmental impacts have been assessed considering present environmental setting of the project area, nature, and extent of the proposed activities. Suitable approach and qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to ascertain likely direct and indirect impacts during design, construction and operation stages of the project. Impacts are classified as being insignificant, minor, moderate and major. The mitigation measures have been presented along with the impacts. .

138. During the field study, a number of informal consultations were held with people in the locality including those presently living along the various stretches of the sub project corridor. Some NGOs working in the areas were also contacted. Discussions were held with various concerned Government authorities like with Forests Departments, pollution control boards, State environmental impact assessment authority. Outcome of these consultations is referred for environmental impact assessment and designing of mitigative measures.

5.1. Impact on Physical Environment 5.1.1. Climate

139. Project will have no impact on climate of the area. The subproject may have minor impact on weather conditions of the area due to cutting of the 471 trees.

Design and Construction Phase

140. All efforts are made to minimise the cutting the trees through suitable design modifications. Supervision consultants will further ensure minimal cutting of the trees during the construction stage. The compensatory afforestation shall be made on the basis of 1:7. The plantations shall begin with start of construction. The survival of plantation will be ensured, even if they are planted through concerned forest department. Tree of native variety only will be planted. In addition to above plantation, additional trees shall be planted through village Panchayats to improve microclimatic conditions of the area.

Mitigation Measures

141. The sub-project road is located in vast open agricultural land which will provide adequate dispersion of gaseous emission from vehicle. Further, extensive plantation will ameliorate/enhance the micro-climate. It also has associated benefits with respect to Green House Gas (GHG) emission reduction. The GHG emission reduction is anticipated due to improved road conditions and better connectivity. The GHG reduction is anticipated due to reduced idling of vehicle and reduced travel time due to better road condition.

Operation Stage

48

142. It is proposed that MPRDC may initiate study to assess the GHG emission reduction and reap the economic benefits from road improvement projects including higher tree plantation.

Mitigation Measures

5.1.2. Natural Hazard 143. Earthquake: The sub project roads lies in seismic zone II/III as per

classification by Bureau of Indian Standards. This means lower to medium seismic intensity.

144. All subproject structures shall be designed with consideration of above seismicity.

Mitigation Measures

5.1.3. Air Quality

145. The potential sources of air emission during the construction phase of the project are: (i) dust from earth works (during site preparation), (ii) emissions from the operation of construction equipment and machines, (iii) fugitive emissions from vehicles plying on the road, (iv) fugitive emissions during the transport of construction materials, (v) air emissions other than dust arise from combustion of hydrocarbons particularly from the hot mix plants, and (vi) localised increased traffic congestion in construction areas. Most of the emissions will be in the form of coarse particulate matter which will settle down in close vicinity of construction site. Hot mix plant will generate carbon monoxide (CO), un-burnt hydrocarbon (HC), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matters (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. This may affect the air quality of nearby areas, especially, due to emission discharge from low height of the stack. However, this will be a temporary phase and hence, no significant impact is envisaged.


146. The stone aggregate will be sourced from licensed quarries. No new quarries shall be opened for the project. The pollution related aspects to these quarries are independently complied by the quarry owner.

147. Road pavement design should be such that tyre friction due to vehicle movement will be reduced. Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and aggregates shall be covered. Dust suppression measures like water sprinkling, water fogging shall be applied in all dust prone locations such as unpaved haulage roads

Mitigation Measures

5

148. Mixing plants and asphalt (hot mix) plants shall be located at least 1 km away and in downwind direction of the human settlements. Material storage areas shall also be located downwind of the habitation area. Contractor shall obtain consent to establish and operate from concerned

, earthworks, stockpiles and asphalt mixing plant areas. PPE shall be provided to the construction workers to minimise inhalation of respirable suspended particulate matter.

5 Water suppression of fugitive dust can reduce emissions from 12% to 98%

49

State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) before its use for the project road. Hot mix plant shall be fitted with stack of adequate height (30 m) or as may be prescribed by SPCB to ensure enough dispersion of exit gases. Diesel Generating (DG) sets shall also be fitted with stack of adequate height. Low sulphur diesel shall be used in DG sets and other construction machineries. Construction vehicles and machineries shall be periodically maintained. LPG should be used as fuel source in construction camps instead of wood, wherever possible.

149. Air quality monitoring shall be carried out during construction phase. Suitable pollution control measures shall be adopted if monitored parameters are found above the prescribed limit.

150. The aggregate will be transported in covered trucks through existing national and state highways.

151. The bad road conditions and settlement areas due to which traffic congestion occurs are the main causes of the air and noise pollution at present. The improved road conditions will result in the improved ambient air quality. Since traffic is projected to increase with improved roads and better connectivity, the impact will remain more or less same. Since subproject road is largely traversing through vast open agriculture areas, which provides adequate dispersion to gaseous pollutants generated from vehicles.

Operation Phase

152. It is proposed to maintain the road conditions including shoulders and embankment turfing. Trees shall be planted close to sensitive locations such as hospital, school boundaries and near religious places.

Mitigation Measures

153. Awareness boards for safe and fuel efficient driving shall be fixed at major intersections and habited locations.

5.1.4. Noise

154. Ambient noise level may increase temporarily in the close vicinity of various construction activities, maintenance workshops and vehicles and earthmoving equipment. These construction activities are expected to produce noise levels in the range of 80 – 95 dB(A) (at a distance of about 5 m from the source). Although this level of noise is higher than the permissible limit for ambient noise level for residential/commercial levels but will occur only intermittently and temporary. This noise level will attenuate fast with increase in distance from noise source. Impact due to noise during construction activities will be minimal to inhabitants since most of the built-up areas are located at safer distance from the road. However, there are few noise sensitive locations especially schools close to the alignment (


Table 5.1)

50

Table 5.1 : List of Some Noise- Sensitive Locations along the Alignment

S. No Chainage (km) Village Feature Side (L/R) Offset from the Edge

of Road 1 0.45 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 15 2 1.6 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 17 3 2.1 Lakshmankuti Temple R/S 20 4 3.9 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 18 5 6.1 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 21 6 6.1 Lakshmankuti Temple R/S 22 7 6.45 Lakshmankuti School L/S 40 8 7.6 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 23 9 8.8 Palar School R/S 30 10 9.15 Palar Temple R/S 20 11 9.3 Palar Temple R/S 19 12 13.6 Bangaon Temple L/S 24 13 19.1 Bangaon School L/S 26 14 21 Bangaon Temple L/S 23 15 24.05 Kanjara Temple L/S 25 16 27.55 Luhari School R/S 30 17 34.6 Hata Town School R/S 20 18 35.05 Hata Town Temple R/S 20 19 35.25 Hata Town Temple R/S 19 20 35.8 Hata Town Temple R/S 21 21 36.15 Hata Town Temple L/S 23 22 36.2 Hata Town Temple R/S 21 23 36.25 Hata Town Temple R/S 20


155. Vehicles and equipments should be fitted with silencers and maintained regularly. The workers shall be provided with personal protection devices such as earplugs and earmuffs. Tree plantation shall be started along with the construction activities. Noise and vibration monitoring shall be carried out as per the suggested monitoring plan. The construction equipments/machinery (stationary) shall be placed away from habitat areas

Mitigation Measures

156. During the operational phase, movement of traffic will be the prime source of noise. Traffic congestion and pedestrian interferences increase the use of horns. This may result in increased noise levels at commercial areas, nearby schools and religious places.

Operation Phase

157. Effective traffic management and good riding conditions shall be maintained to reduce the noise level throughout the stretch and speed limitation and honking restrictions may be enforced near sensitive. Multilayer trees shall be planted close to the sensitive locations.

Mitigation Measures

51

5.1.5. Impact on Land and Soil 5.1.5.1 Loss of Productive Soil and Change in Land use

158. No land use will change due to the project since required ROW is available throughout the alignment. Land use though will change temporarily of construction camp areas and for the period of construction. This will also result in loss of soil productivity.


159. Land use may also change due to borrowing the earth. Land will also loose its productivity if top soil is not preserved.

160. . It shall be ensured that the land taken on lease for access road and construction camp is restored back to its original land use before handing it over back to land owner.

Mitigation Measures

161. The top soil from the productive land (borrow areas, road widening areas etc.) shall be preserved and reused for plantation purposes. It shall also be used as top cover of embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion.

162. The better access can lead to conversion of agriculture land for residential and commercial purposes close to roads and especially in rural and urban area. This may result in loss of productive land and agricultural produce.

Operation Phase

163. The EA may explore the feasibility of restricting about 50 m area on either side of the road as no development zone on the line restriction is imposed for National Highways in India.

Mitigation Measures

5.1.5.2 Soil Erosion

Design and Construction Phase 164. Soil erosion may take place along steep and uncompacted embankment

slope, and wherever vegetation is cleared. Soil erosion may have cumulative effect viz. siltation, embankment damage, drainage problem etc. Loss of soil due to run off from earth stock-piles may also lead to siltation. The intensity of soil erosion at different locations will be influenced by the lithology, topography, soil type and climatic condition (mainly rainfall) and drainage pattern.

165. Bank protection measures shall be taken at erosion prone areas. The protection measures may include use of geo-textiles matting. Provision of side drain shall be made to guide the water to natural outfalls. Stone pitching shall be carried out wherever necessary. When soil is spread on slopes for permanent disposal, it shall be buttressed at the toe by retaining walls. Side slopes of the embankment shall not be steeper than 2H:1V. Turfing/bio-turfing of embankment and slopes shall be done along

Mitigation Measures

52

the stretch. IRC: 56 -1974 recommended practice for treatment of embankment slopes for erosion control shall be taken into consideration. Soil erosion shall be visually checked on slopes and high embankment areas. In case soil erosion is found, suitable measures shall be taken to control the soil erosion.

166. Though terrain is flat all through the stretch, except at few locations where it is rolling terrain. Therefore, all steep cuts shall be flattened and benched. Retaining wall on both sides shall be provided. Shrubs shall be planted in loose soil area.

167. Soil of steep slopes of embankment and near bridge approaches may erode the embankment formation due to unexpected rainfall. Soil erosion condition may arise if borrow areas are not stabilized/restored properly. Regular visual checking of effectiveness of soil erosion measures (turfing, stone pitching, etc.) shall form part of the environmental monitoring during project operation. Regular monitoring of side drains and cross drainage structures will also be carried out to check any drainage blockade situation.

Operation Phase

5.1.5.3 Borrow Areas and Quarries


168. The project area is generally having a flat terrain. Farmers were ready to provide earth from their field up to certain depth on adequate compensation, it is recommended that borrowing from agricultural land shall be minimised to the extent possible. Further, no earth shall be borrowed from already low lying areas.

169. Borrow areas if left un-rehabilitated may pose risk to people, particularly children and animals of accidentally falling into it as well as become potential breeding ground for mosquitoes and vector born disease.

170. Illegal quarrying may lead to unstable soil condition; destroy the landscape of the terrain, air and noise pollution. Opening of new quarries is not envisaged due to the proposed project. Quarry material will be sourced from existing nearby quarries.

171. Borrow pits shall be selected from barren land/wasteland to the extent possible. Borrow areas should not be located on cultivable lands except in the situations where land owners desires to level the land. The top soil shall be preserved and depth shall be restricted to the desired level. Borrow areas should be excavated as per the intended end use by the owner. The Indian Road Congress (IRC):10-1961 guideline should be used for selection of borrow pits and amount that can be borrowed

Mitigation Measures

172. The depths in borrow pits should be so regulated that the sides are not be steeper than 25%. To the extent possible, borrow areas shall be sited away from habited areas. Borrow areas shall be levelled with salvaged material or other filling materials which do not pose contamination of soil. Else, it shall be converted into intended use as per the requirement of

53

land owner/community. The borrow area shall be located/ rehabilitated as per the guidelines given at Appendix 5.1

5.1.5.4 Compaction and Contamination of Soil


173. Soil in the adjoining productive lands beyond the ROW, haulage roads, and construction camp area may be compacted due to movement of construction vehicles, machineries, equipments and due to siting of construction camps and workshops.

174. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of liquid waste, (lubricating oil and fuel spills, waste oil and lubricant and vehicle/equipment washing effluent) and solid waste (fuel filters, oily rags) likely to be generated from repair and maintenance of transport vehicles, construction equipment and machinery. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of domestic solid waste and sewage from construction camps.

175. To prevent soil compaction in the adjoining productive lands beyond the ROW, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route. The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction activity. Septic tank or mobile toilets fitted with anaerobic treatment facility shall be provided at construction camp. Domestic solid waste at construction camp shall be segregated into bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste. The non-biodegradable and recyclable waste shall be sold off. Efforts shall be made that bio-degradable waste shall be composted in the mechanised and movable composter by the contractor. Non biodegradable and non saleable waste shall be disposed off to authorised land fill site. If land fill site not available then burial of the waste in a secured manner shall be ensured.

Mitigation Measures

176. Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location. The storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils. All efforts shall be made to minimise the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re-fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners.

177. No impact on soil is anticipated during operation phase of the project except along slope lying areas and near bridge approaches where unexpected rainfall may erode the embankment formation and deterioration of borrow areas if not rehabilitated properly.

Operation Stage

54

178. Erosion prone areas shall be visually checked periodically for any erosion and appropriate corrective action shall be taken if any erosion is identified.

Mitigation measures

5.1.6. Groundwater

179. Water will be mainly required for compaction of formation and domestic purposes in the workers camp. These requirements will be mainly sourced from groundwater (approximately 300 KL per day). Also, the depth to water table in some part is depleting annually. Any uncontrolled abstraction can further deteriorate the situation. Contamination of groundwater is not envisaged since all construction camps will have septic tanks or mobile toilets depending on the number of workers in each camp.

Design and Construction Stage

180. Requisite permission shall be obtained for abstraction of groundwater from State Ground Water Board/Central Ground Water Authority.

Mitigation Measures

181. The contractor shall make arrangements for water required during construction in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remains unaffected.

182. Water intensive activities shall not be undertaken during summer period to the extent feasible.

183. Provision shall be made to link side drains with the nearby ponds for facilitating water harvesting. Where ponds are not available, the water harvesting pits shall be constructed as per the requirement and rainfall intensity.

184. No impact is anticipated on groundwater due to the project during operation phase, hence, no specific mitigation is proposed.

Operation Stage

5.1.7. Siltation and Surface Water Quality of Rivers and Other Water Bodies

185. The project section is being crossed by Sohar Rivers which dry up during non-monsoon period. Hence, no impact is envisaged on surface water bodies in the project section. Minimal impacts are anticipated on new water harvesting ponds that maybe formed from borrow areas.


186. Since most of the major water bodies are seasonal in nature, siltation impact due to bridge rehabilitation works will be negligible, if construction debris/other waste are cleared immediately after construction. The temporary pollution of water bodies from spillage of chemicals and oil at construction sites and waste from construction camps may occur. Soil erosion has direct bearing on siltation. The siltation likely to be caused due to bank erosion has already been addressed above in soil erosion section.

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187. Accidental oil and chemicals spills can contaminate the water.

188. Siltation Issues: Required mitigation as suggested in soil erosion section shall be taken into consideration. Bridge rehabilitation activity is recommended during non-monsoon (mid-September to mid-June) period. Silt fencing and/or brush barrier shall be installed for collecting sediments before letting them into the water body. Silt/sediment should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse as surfacing of slopes where they have to be re-vegetated. Chute drains shall be provided to drain surface runoff and prevent erosion from slopes.

Mitigation Measure

189. Fuel and Lubricant Spillage Issue: All equipment operators, drivers, and warehouse personnel will be trained in immediate response for spill containment and eventual cleanup. No vehicles or equipment should be parked or refuelled near water-bodies, so as to avoid contamination from fuel and lubricants. All chemicals and oil shall be stored away from water and concreted platform with catchment pit for spills collection. The emergency response procedures including reporting, preferably written in the local language and simple to understand shall be provided by the contractors. The slopes of embankments leading to water bodies should be modified and re-channelised to prevent entry of contaminants. Large construction camps shall be avoided along the alignment and located away from habitation and water bodies.

190. Waste Disposal Issues: All wastes arising from the construction should be disposed in an environmentally accepted manner so as not to block the flow of water in the channels. The wastes should be collected, stored and transported to the approved disposal sites. Construction labourers shall be preferable from local population. Sewage from labour camps will be treated through septic tanks. No untreated sanitary wastewater shall be discharged into surface water bodies.

191. No major or long-term impact is anticipated during the operation phase on the surface water bodies due to the project implementation activities. Oil-contaminated runoff from the road during monsoon will have minimal impacts considering their low concentration. However, regular visual checks shall be made to observe any incidence of blockade of drains. Regular checks shall be made for soil erosion and turfing conditions of river training structures to ensure for its effective maintenance.

Operation Stage

5.1.8. Hydrology and Drainage

192. The activities involved with proposed road development will be carried out along with existing alignment. No new bridge is proposed to be constructed. Existing bridges/cross drainage structures are only to be improved. Diversion of water channels during rehabilitation of cross drainage structures is not envisaged.


Mitigation Measures

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193. Elaborate drainage system shall be provided to drain the storm water from the roadway and embankment and to ensure minimum disturbance to natural drainage of surface and subsurface water of the area. The design of drainage system such as surface and sub-surface drainage shall be carried out as per IRC: SP: 42 and IRC: SP: 50. Surface runoff from the main highway, embankment slopes and the service roads shall be discharged through longitudinal drains, designed for adequate cross section, bed slopes, invert levels and the outfalls. If necessary, the walls of the drains shall be designed to retain the adjoining earth. IRC: 34-1970: Recommendations for road construction in waterlogged area and IRC: 75 and MOSRTH guidelines for Design of High Embankments shall be referred.

194. Water accumulation incidence may occur due to inadequate availability of cross drainage structure or clogging of cross drainage structures.

Operation Stage

195. Regular removal/cleaning of deposited silt shall be done from drainage channels and outlet points before the monsoon season. Rejuvenation of the drainage system by removing encroachments/ congestions will be regularly conducted.

Mitigation Measures

196. Water logging in the low lying and adjoining areas especially during monsoon season is long standing issue. The permanent and long term solution is possible only through co-ordinations between different departments/agencies that include irrigation, agriculture, fisheries, and road construction.

5.2. Impact on Biological Environment 5.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology

197. About 471 trees are likely to be cut due to the proposed road improvement work. The impact and mitigation due to tree cutting has been discussed in following paragraphs.

198. One month before the construction starts, clearing and grubbing will be performed by the contractor. All trees within the ROW with 300 mm diameter at 1 m above the ground will be cut, including the removal of stumps. All stumps and roots of trees of girth more than 33 mm at above 1 m from the ground level will be culled.


199. 471 trees are likely to be affected due to the project. Most of the roadside trees are non-fruit bearing in nature. The cutting of trees will have minor to negligible impact on local environment. Moreover, this will be temporary since large number of trees have been planned to be planted on both sides of the road. This will improve the local climatic conditions in long term.

Mitigation Measures

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200. Requisite permission from forest department shall be obtained for cutting of roadside trees.

201. The project envisages plantation of approximately 3297 trees along both sides of road as per IRC SP: 21 specifications. This will include the compensatory plantation on 1:7 basis replacement rate. All tree plantations will be carried out in close consultation with forest department.

202. A range of 10-15 m centre-to-centre is recommended for spacing of trees (parallel to the road). Setback distance of trees in different situations shall be based on IRC: SP: 21 and IRC: 66. The distance between the kerb, if any, and the nearest edge of tree trunk shall be at least 2 m. The plantation in median shall comprise shrubs whose height would normally not exceed 1-1.5 m and shall be as per IRC SP: 21.

203. For safe traffic operation, vertical clearance between the crown of the carriageway and lowest part of overhang of the tree available across the roadway shall conform to the standards laid down in IRC: SP: 21. The pit size, fencing, watering, and manuring requirements shall also conform to the above standard. Excess use of pesticides shall be restricted. Planting shall be such that it does not obstruct the visibility of traffic from any side and shall be pleasing in appearance.

204. Positive impacts on terrestrial ecology are expected during the project operation due to the increase in vegetation and landscaping along the state highway. The Project will coordinate with the local communities to maintain and enhance the trees planted along the state road. ”No adverse impact is anticipated during operation stage except accidental damages or absence of proper tree management“.

Operation Stage

205. No direct impact is anticipated during operation stage except accidental damages or absence of proper tree management.

206. Arrangement shall be made to ensure survivability of the tree plantation. The Social Forest Department or Divisional Forest Offices shall be consulted or involved in this programme. The tree survivability audit shall also be conducted at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness of the programme.

Mitigation Measures

5.2.2. Aquatic Ecology

207. Large scale/organised fishing was not observed in the Sohar river of the project area.


208. Improvement of existing embankments particularly along the waterways will increase silt while accidental spill of materials, chemicals, and fuels will deteriorate receiving water quality.

209. Siltation shall be avoided by measures suggested above.

Mitigation Measures

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210. No impact is envisaged during operation phase of the project and hence no mitigation proposed. However, periodic surveillance shall be conducted to check erosion and siltation in major water bodies.

Operation Stage

5.2.3. Fauna

211. No movement of schedule animals was found along the project section. However, domestic animals like cattle, cows, buffaloes cattles etc were cited.


212. Disturbance to these animals will be avoided to the extent possible by restricting the construction time from 6 am – 6 pm. No food and waste littering will be ensured to disturb their natural habitat.

Mitigation measures

213. All precautions will be taken to minimise noise and other human activity in these areas.

214. No movement of schedule animals was found along the project section. However, domestic animals like cattle, cows, buffaloes cattles etc were cited.

Operation Stage

215. Fencing wherever cattle, cow and buffalo movement is expected.

Mitigation measures

216. To avoid the need for cattle underpasses, some of the proposed culverts `near habitations may be widened to facilitate cattle movement

5.3. Management of Construction Debris/Waste 217. Quarry dust and unused iron bars or damaged support structures

constitute significant wastes. Mitigation for solid waste from construction camp has been given in construction camp section.

218. All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, verges, drains, cross drainage and the like will be used for backfilling embankments, filling pits, and landscaping.

Mitigation measures

219. Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed off at pre-designated disposal locations, with approval of the concerned authority. The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in secure landfill sites only in environmentally accepted manner. For removal of debris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed.

220. The locations of dumping sites should be selected with following considerations.

221. Unproductive/wastelands shall be selected for dumping sites.

222. Away from residential areas and located at least 1000 m downwind side of these locations,

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223. Dumping sites should be away from water bodies to prevent any contamination of these bodies. and

224. Public perception and consent from the village Panchayats about the location of debris disposal site has to be obtained before finalizing the location.

225. Form works will be re-used to the extent possible, more than 20 times as dictated by good practice. All stripped formworks will be examined for any damage and rectified in the workshop for re-use. Rectification includes plugging holes, and straightening bent steel props.

5.4. Socio-Economic Impact 226. Assessment of project impact on socio-economic conditions point to the

conclusions that positive benefits are many fold compared to its adverse impact.

5.4.1. Positive Impacts 227. Road-side economic activities will increase due to increased number of

vehicle using the road. Economic activities supporting transport like gasoline stations, automotive repair shops, lodging, and restaurants are expected to increase. Increase agro-industrial activities are also expected to take advantage of improved access to urban centres where there are higher demands and better prices for agricultural products. Other generic benefits of such projects are (i) Reduction in travel time (ii) better mode and frequency of transport (iii) access to quality heath care facilities, educational and other infrastructural facilities (iv) enhanced tourism activities in the area and state which in many terms will boost the local economy (v) better investment climate for industries creating more employment opportunities to local people.

5.4.2. Anticipated Negative Impacts 228. Minor losses like problems in accessibility and community linkage, health

and safety during and after construction, and temporary change in demographic configuration are mitigable with minor to negligible residual impacts.

5.4.2.1 Impacts due to Construction Camp and Immigration of Workers

229. Poor siting and improper management of construction camp may lead to several adverse impacts on environment viz. (i) loss of vegetation due to use of wood as fuel source for cooking (ii) deterioration in nearby surface water bodies’ quality (iii) compaction and contamination of soil due to uncontrolled disposal of solid waste (iv) Poor sanitation may result to transmission of communicable diseases among the workers and the host communities. This include the possible spread of sexually transmitted disease, diseases from improper handling and supply of foodstuffs, poor water supply, insect-borne diseases, and alcoholic and drug.

230. Construction camp shall be sited at such locations so as to utilise the existing infrastructure. No productive land should be utilised for construction camp. All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free

Mitigation measures

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from depressions to avoid water stagnation and necessary provisions for adequate drainage must be made. Accommodation and ancillary facilities including recreational facility for workers shall be erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident engineer. All camps should maintain minimum distance of 500 m from habitation and water bodies.

231. All construction camps shall be provided with sanitary latrines and urinals with provision of septic tanks attached with soak pits. Storm water drains shall be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp. Drains and ditches shall be treated with bleaching powder on a regular basis. Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner. The possibility of using LPG cylinders as fuel source for cooking to avoid any tree cutting should be explored.

232. At every workplace, the contactor will ensure, in collaboration with local health authorities that a readily available first-aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances shall be provided. Suitable transport shall be provided to approach the nearest hospital.

233. The contractor will ensure the good health and hygiene of all workers to prevent sickness and epidemics. These include the HIV/AIDS prevention program to reduce the risk and transfer of HIV virus between and among the workers and community, promote early diagnosis and assist affected individuals. Activities under the program include monthly information, education, and consultation communication campaigns to workers, drivers, delivery crew, and communities on the risk, dangers, and impacts of STD and HIV/AIDS.

234. The contractor will ensure that sufficient supply of suitable and hygienically prepared food at reasonable price is available to the workers.

235. The contractor will provide adequate and safe water supply for the use of the workers.

236. The contractor will ensure that all precautions to protect the workers from insect and pest to reduce the risk to health. This includes the use of insecticides which should comply with local regulations.

237. No alcoholic liquor or prohibited drugs will be imported to, sell, give, and barter to the workers of host community.

238. Migrant workers may be the potential carriers of various diseases. Local community may get exposed to the diseases carried by migrant workers. Regular health check-up and immunization camps shall also be organized for the workers and nearby population.

5.4.2.2 Safety of Construction Workers and Accident Risk to Local Community

239. The following safety aspects viz. (i) safety of construction workers, (ii) safety of road users including pedestrians and cyclists (iii) safety to cattle; (iv) safety of local community (iv) unsafe/ hazardous traffic conditions due to construction vehicle movement need to be considered during design and construction stage and (v) conduct of safety audit.


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240. During the construction phase, contractors shall be required to adopt and maintain safe working practices. Internationally accepted and widely used safety procedures should be followed during (i) road works (ii) handling of large construction equipment and machineries, (iii) handling of chemicals and hazardous materials and inflammable substances (iii) welding (iv) electrical works etc. A set of mitigation measures for construction workers have been provided in EMP matrix table.

Mitigation measures

241. Contractor shall arrange all PPEs for workers, first-aid and fire fighting equipments at construction sites. An emergency plan shall be prepared duly approved by engineer in charge to respond to any instance of safety hazard. The contractor will be required to appoint an Accident Prevention Officer (APO) who will conduct regular safety inspections at construction sites. The APO will have the authority to issue instructions and take protective measures to prevent accidents. The partial control on access for the project road shall be achieved through measures like service road with physical separation for local traffic, intersections, acceleration/deceleration lanes, vehicular and pedestrian underpasses, median openings with shelter lane.

242. Grade separated intersections/junctions shall be provided at all major intersections in consistent to IRC: 92

243. Pedestrian/cyclist and cattle passageways shall be provided near identified locations. These facilities shall be planned in accordance with the relevant provisions contained in IRC-11, IRC-17 and IRC-103. The crossing facilities can be designed either in conjunction with grade intersections or through underpasses.

244. To avoid disruption of the existing traffic due to construction activities, comprehensive traffic management plan shall be drawn up by the concessionaire. Traffic in construction zones shall be managed as per the provisions of IRC SP 55.

245. After construction is completed in a particular zone, it shall be opened for normal operation. All diversions/access roads should be closed before start of normal operation.

246. Use of retro-reflectorized traffic signs, and cantilever/gantry types overhead signs, thermoplastic road marking paints, delineators, traffic cones, empty bitumen drums, barricades, and flagmen will be used to ensure traffic management and safety. Conduct of regular safety audit on safety measures adopted during construction. The audit will cover manpower and their safety, machinery, temporary works, equipment and vehicles, materials storage and handling, construction procedures, environment, site safety guidelines, and miscellaneous services.

247. Important issues related with safety during operational phase are monitoring of emergencies and establishing procedures to carry out rescues during sudden disasters such as floods, fires especially near habited areas.

Operation phase

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248. It is proposed to explore the feasibility of providing the following facilities:

Mitigation Measures

o Highway patrol unit(s) for round the clock patrolling to provide assistance to the users in case of any need, monitor the travel conditions to provide information to the control section and to undertake immediate measures for managing the traffic flow in case of any incident.

o Phone booths for accident reporting and ambulance services with minimum response time for rescue of any accident victims.

o Tow-away facility for the break down vehicles.

249. MPRDC may also explore the possibility of coordination with operating agency of intersecting National Highways to have common facilities and share the costs as appropriate.

5.4.3. Obstruction and Disruption of Traffic

250. Disruption of access to infrastructure or social resource due to construction activity will cause nuisance and to a certain extent additional cost to the public in terms of longer travel period due to diversion or heavier traffic. It will also pose risk of accident to motorist at night if these blockages and disruption are not clearly demarcated.

Construction Phase

251. The contractor will submit a Traffic Plan to the Project Engineer at least two weeks before the construction starts that will result to obstruction. The plan will include a drawing of temporary diversions and details of arrangement. It will also include plan for transportation of raw materials like quarry, sand etc. A section of the Traffic Plan will be a Control Plan that details how the safety of the pedestrians and workers and delineation of the roadway at night. This plan will recommend for approval of safe and convenient temporary diversion of traffic during construction, design of barricades, delineators, signs, markings, lights, and flagmen, among others.

Mitigation Measures

252. Paved shoulder will be provided on one side of the existing road by the contractor with the following minimum requirements:

• At least one 3.5 m lane to remain to traffic at all times

• The surface used by the through traffic will be firm bituminous compacted surface free of defect

• The maximum continuous length over which construction under traffic may take place is limited to 750 meters.

• Construction activity will be restricted to only one side of the existing road.

253. On stretches where it is not possible to pass the traffic on the part width of existing carriageway, temporary paved diversions will be constructed.

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These paved diversions will comply with standards on junctions and temporary cross drainage.

254. Transportation of quarry material to the construction sites through heavy vehicles shall be done through existing major roads to the extent possible. This will restrict wear and tear to the village/minor roads. Small vehicles/un-motorised vehicle can also be used for its further transportation to the construction sites from temporary storage areas.

5.4.4. Transportation and Storage of Materials 255. The construction material primarily will consist off aggregate, sand,

cement, bitumen, lubricating oil and fuel for vehicle and construction equipments. These will be stored temporarily at construction camps. Oils, fuels and chemicals will be stored on concreted platform with spill collection pits while cement will be stored under cover. All these temporary storage areas will be located at least 150 m away from the habitat areas. The likely impacts due to transportation and storage including fugitive emission have already been covered under different section above.

5.4.4.1 Impact on Land and Private Properties

256. The assessment made by the resettlement expert shall be referred for exact loss of private properties and measures to compensate such losses. Environmental screening of resettlement sites, if required for the project, shall be carried out. Besides monetary compensation for any loss of private trees, compensatory afforestation and extensive plantation has been incorporated in the EMP to have long-term environmental benefits.

257. Income restoration measures/livelihood options for vulnerable group/resource poor sections and other affected persons as recommended by social development/resettlement expert shall be implemented.

5.4.4.2 Impact on Common Property Resources

258. There are various types of community structures/ facilities/utilities along the proposed alignment. Geometric adjustments have been made to minimize the loss to any such facilities. Any such structures even falling within ROW but out of required formation width shall be saved. Alternate access has to be provided to these structures during construction stage. No community structures are likely to be dismantled/relocated. The impact on other community properties has been provided at Table 5.2.

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Table 5.2 : Common Property Resources Along the Alignment

S. No

Chainage (km) Village Feature Side

(L/R) Distance from the centre of

road (m) 1 0.4 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 15 2 1.6 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 17 3 2.1 Lakshmankuti Temple R/S 20 4 3.9 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 18 5 6.1 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 21 6 6.1 Lakshmankuti Temple R/S 22 7 6.4 Lakshmankuti School L/S 40 8 7.6 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 23

9 8.8 Palar village School R/S 30

10 9.15 Palar village Temple R/S 20

11 9.3 Palar village Ware House L/S 50

12 9.3 Palar village Temple R/S 19 13 13.6 Bangaon village Temple L/S 24

14 19.1 Bangaon village School L/S 26

15 21 Bangaon village Temple L/S 23 16 24.0 Kanjara village Temple L/S 25

17 27.5 Luhari School R/S 30

18 33.1 Hata Town Petrol Pump R/S 30

19 33.35 Hata Town Petrol Pump L/S 26

20 34.6 Hata Town School R/S 20

21 35.0 Hata Town Temple R/S 20 22 35.2 Hata Town Temple R/S 19

23 35.8 Hata Town Petrol Pump L/S 25

24 35.8 Hata Town Temple R/S 21 25 36.1 Hata Town Temple L/S 23 26 36.2 Hata Town Temple R/S 21 27 36.2 Hata Town Temple R/S 20


5.5. Cumulative and Induced Impact 259. Cumulative Impact: The area along the present road section SH-47 is

developing. The road already exists and proposed project will facilitate the pace of development. Some of the cumulative impacts will be deterioration in the air and noise quality especially at the congested

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locations like Damoh, Lakshmanpur, Hata, Hinota Kala, Gaisabad due to increased traffic. The ancillary development activity due to the improved road conditions will further put pressure on agricultural lands and vegetated areas such as Palar, Mudiya, Hardua, Khudriya. However, these activities will be slow and impacts are expected to be minimal.

260. The project is expected to improve long time water flooding, soil erosion conditions especially near Sohar River and at other drains due to additional culverts and over-toppings. The higher amount of compensatory afforestation (1:7) will increase the aesthetics along the ROW and help in countering the polluting the air. The improved accessibility will also result in increased industrial and commercial developments especially near Damoh, Hata, Lakshmanpur, Gaisabad etc. The net impacts are expected to be more positive.

261. Induced Impact - The induced impact from the project will be mainly due to the related developmental activities and improved infrastructural development like building construction and commercial establishment. This is likely to result in net positive impact due to overall social development

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6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 6.1. Consultation Method and Information Disclosed

262. Consultations were held during different stages of the preparation of IEE. To address the key environmental issues, consultations at various levels with local people and government departments were conducted to arrive at socially and technically accepted solutions. A comprehensive consultation with all stakeholders was conducted at the project section.

263. Stakeholder’s consultations were held with the intent to understand their concerns, apprehensions, overall opinion and solicit recommendations to improve project design. Informal meetings, interviews were organized covering the entire project stretch. The informal consultation generally started with explaining the sub projects, followed by an explanation to potential impacts. Participant’s views were gathered with regard to loss of agricultural land, effect on air and noise quality of the area due to traffic, water availability, accident and risk.

264. The discussions were designed to receive maximum inputs from the participants regarding their acceptability and environmental concerns arising out of the sub-project. They were given the brief outline of the project to which their opinion was sought. Suggestions were also sought for mitigating any potential adverse impact.

6.2. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements 265. In India, public consultation is mandatory in case of Category A and B1

category projects6

266. Public consultation was undertaken consistent with the ADB requirements. All the five principles of information dissemination, information solicitation, integration, co-ordination and engagement into dialogue were incorporated in the consultation process. A framework of different environmental impacts likely from the project was strengthened and modified based on opinions of all those consulted, especially in the micro level by setting up dialogues with the village people from whom information on site facts and prevailing conditions were collected.

in select conditions. Being a category B project as per ADB SPS 2009, consultation was carried out during the early stage of IEE report preparation. The requirement of public consultation during the implementation of the project has been proposed as part of the mitigation plan.

6.2.1. Consultation with Executing Agency 267. Officials of executing agency provided technical information’s about the

project. All issues related to effective implementation of EMP, grievance redressal mechanism, various clearances/consent and permission required prior to and during implementation were discussed. Mr. Vivek Aggarwal and Mr. P.K. Chaturvedi, Managing Director and Deputy General Manager of Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), expressed their organization’s commitment to implement the

6 As per schedule I of EIA notification number S.O. 1533, dated 14th September 2006. This notification also defines when a public consultation is mandatory.

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project in environmentally sustainable way and as per the applicable laws/regulations/guidelines and safeguard requirements of ADB and the country. They also shared about lessons learnt from ongoing project.

6.2.2. Consultation with other Government Departments 268. All relevant government departments/agencies including forest and

wildlife, fisheries, pollution control board, water resources, and DRDA were consulted for collection of available information their views/ comments and suggestions about the project.

269. Forest officials of the Damoh District informed about the existence of forests in the project area. They were also interacted about the existing rules and norms with regards to forest resources and compensation in case of cutting of roadside trees. The officials assured their cooperation in compensatory afforestation work.

270. The list of government officials contacted, along with purpose/objective has been summarised in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 : Summary of Consultation with Government Officials S.

No. Name of Official

Consulted Department Issue discussed

1. Mr. Dubey PCCF (Working Plan), Forest Department, Satpura Bhavan, Bhopal

Status of forest in state, Impacts on forest, mitigation options, Environmental friendly forest activities

2. Dr. Rita Kauri

Sr. Scientist, Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board Paryavaran Bhavan, Bhopal

Environmental Issues in the state, legal framework of MoEF and revised EIA notification 2006, applicable permits & clearances, Impacts of proposed project on environment,

3. Dr. Abhay Saxena

Scientist, Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board Paryavaran Bhavan, Bhopal

Environmental Issues in the state, legal framework of MoEF and revised EIA notification 2006, applicable permits & clearances, Impacts of proposed project on environment,

4. Mr. Rajesh Srivastava

Superintending Engineer Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board Paryavaran Bhavan, Bhopal

Environmental quality in the state and major urban centres. Capacity of pollution control board in environmental management and monitoring requirements of SPCB in the proposed project.

5. Mr. S. P. Sharma Dy. Conservator of Forest, Forest Department, Bhopal

Status of forest in state, Impacts on forest, mitigation options, Environmental friendly forest activities

6. Mr. Vivek Aggarwal Managing Director, MPRDC, Bhopal

Conditions of road network in state, scope of road improvement, environmental issues related with road improvement, capacity enhancement of MPRDC, future plans

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S. No.

Name of Official Consulted Department Issue discussed

7. Mr. Alok Chaturvedi DGM (Enviornment), MPRDC, Bhopal

Conditions of road network in state, scope of road improvement, environmental issues related with road improvement

8 Mr. Piyush.K. Chaturvedi DGM, MPRDC, Bhopal

Conditions of road network in state, scope of road improvement, environmental issues related with road improvement, implementation schedule of various activities, organizational setting of MPRDC,

9.

Jagat Kumar, Somesh Gupta – Panchayat members

Forest Guards, Range officers, local community leaders

Status of forests along the project road, presence of flora and fauna species in the forests, forest boundaries and road encroachments

6.2.3. Consultation with NGOs 271. All the NGOs welcome the project. They express concern over

afforestation programme. NGOs also demand to pay attention for survival rate of the trees. Awareness camp among the people regarding road safety is also suggested. The outcome of consultation with NGOs is summarised below in Table 6.2.

Table 6.2 : Summary of Consultation with NGOs Name of NGOs Contact

Person Remarks

BYPASS - Bhopal Yuwa Paryavaran Shikshan and Samajik Sansthan Chunabhatti, Bhopal,M.P.-16

Mr. Akhilesh Singh Yadav

• Welcomed the project • Raised concerns about the impact on

reserve forests through the project stretch • Expressed his concern about use of fodder

from the forest being used during construction phase

• Suggested minimal tree cutting and proportional afforestation

Ecosake Society for Environment Conservation and Social Awareness Bhopal-16

Mr. Kinshuk Tiwary

• Welcomed the project • Expressed his desire that adequate

compensation should be provided, as per the latest R&R policy, to the people affected from this project

• Desired minimal impacts on forest and other mineral resources in the region from the project

• Desired involvement of Local skilled and unskilled labour during construction activities

Green Hurt Nature Club M.P. Nagar, Bhopal-11

Jai Sharma • Welcomed the project • Emphasized the need of plantation of local

tree species for the roadside plantations. • Raised his concerns on the land

filing/borrow activity suggested about

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Name of NGOs Contact Person

Remarks

prevention of top soil • Desired the need of awareness/ training

program for the contractors and labourers to educate them for environmental issues.

Forum for Environmental Protection Gwalior - 474011

Dr. R. Mathur • Welcomed the project • Expressed his concern regarding water

logging problem during construction phase at many places.

• Raised his concerns about health and safety schemes to be provided to construction labours especially during monsoon period.

• Emphasized on the need of identification of sites for disposal of construction debris before the start of civil works.

• Wanted banning of old vehicles on these roads by Government to reduce the pollution.

Energy Environment and Development Group R-12, II Floor Above Central Color Lab Bhopal - 462003

Ajit Kumar Saxena

• Welcomed the project • Raised his concerns about the problem of

electricity and its role in number of accidents that occurred on this road due to it.

• Enquired about the compensation to be provided to the displaced/affected people.

Centre for Envirocare and Energy Technology E-7/466 Arera Colony Bhopal - 462016 Madhya Pradesh

Mahendra Kumar Shukla

• Welcomed the project • Expressed his concerns about the cutting

of trees and stressed the need for their rehabilitation and afforestation.

• Suggested the need of increasing the awareness among contractors, labourers and villagers.

6.3. Beneficiaries’ Comments 272. People of villages located adjacent to the proposed road like Laxman

dham, Bongaon, Hata, Hinaut Kala and Gaisabad demanded for crossing-over facility/service roads, drainage, wayside amenities, and safety provisions.

273. Villagers of Laxman Dham request for special safety provision in the road, 100m from both side of the Laxman Dham temple.

274. Other common demands included modifications of alignment near Community structures. If technically not feasible, accessibility and safety to community structures especially schools should not be affected. Local people should be consulted before relocation of such structures. The list of participants, their views, and outcome of the consultations have been summarised in Table 6.3.

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Table 6.3 : Consultation with local community S.

No. Place Participants View/Suggestion/ demand of Local People

1 Laxman Dham

Dheeraj Kumar Rana, Girdhari Sen, Mohan Lal Patel, Phani Ram Patel (Businessman) Kaluram Patel, Kherori Patel, Seetaram, Pushpendu Khare, Jagdish Patel (Farmer),Iswar Das (Shopkeeper)

People from various parts of the Damoh district come to offer pray to the Laxman Dham Temple. Local people request for special safety provision especially in the area 100m from temple on both the side. Agriculture activity is dominated by Soya bean, wheat and pulses. Scanty rainfall and lack of irrigation facilities create problem to them but with improved roads farmer will be able to get more financial benefit of agro- products. No sensitive environmental issues in the area.

2 Bangaon K.L. Prajapati (High School teacher),Neeraj Singh Thakur, Uma Shankar Tripathi, (Businessman),,Baleram Yadav, Kamlesh Yadav, Murlidhar Patel (Farmer), Yagdish Prasad Mishra (Shopkeeper)

River Koira is 1km away from the road but with lessen amount of rain it converted to seasonal River. No fishing activities practiced in the River and other seasonal streams. People are happy to know about the project. No sensitive issues in this area. But asking for implementation of safety sign near academic institutes and hospitals.

3 Hata P.M. Patel, Sankosh Singh (teacher),Ram Singh Yadav (Shopkeeper), Ram Lal Yadav, Umesh Patel, Alok Patel, Yogesh Patel (Farmer)

People are welcoming the project as it will improve the communication and transportation link with the Damoh district head quarter. Demand for CC road along the town and residential area with cover drainage system. No sensitive environmental issue in this road as per the local people but construction materials (sand and gravels is available far away from Hata. Borrow area will be readily available in this stretch.

4 Hinaut Kala Jagdish Patel (Shopkeeper), Bhukal Sen (Teacher), Satpal Patel, Manoj Parihar (Farmer), Alok Kumar (Businessman), Aditya Patel- (Student)

People are welcoming the project as it will improve the communication and transportation link with the Damoh district head quarter as well as with the Hata town. Borrow area will be available in the near by area but sand and metals need to be bring from Damoh and in huge amount from Mahanadi River in Katni. No sensitive environmental issues in this area except depth of ground water. Ground water is available in the depth of 250-300 feet. Demand for involving local people in construction work.

5 Gaisabad Mastram Namdev (Shopkeeper), Ehsan Khan, Pramod Nagaria, Md. Shakil Ali, Imaan Ali (Farmer),Durga Prasad Pathak (Teacher), Manoj Saurasia (Shopkeeper)

The road is passing through thick habitation on both sides. In market area ROW is occupied by shelter or extension of shops. But the local people assured that these will be evacuated for the better purpose of renovating the existing road into State Highway Sand available in nearby river Bearma is of not good quality. No sensitive environmental issue in this section of the road.

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Consultation at Bongaon

Consultation at Daha

Consultation at Laxman Dham

Consultation at Hinaut Kala

Consultation at Gaisabad

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7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDDRESS MECHANISM

7.1. Environmental Management Plan 275. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared to facilitate effective

implementation of recommended mitigations measures with defined roles and responsibility, regulatory compliance requirements, stages of implementation with location, time frame and costs. The mitigation measures are proposed to eliminate or minimise the identified impact associated with design, construction and operation stages of the project, to acceptable level by adopting the most feasible options.

276. The EMP consists of action plans for (i) implementation of recommended mitigation measures, (ii) environment quality monitoring during construction and operation stage to assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed, and (iii) institutional capacity building and training. The EMP is detailed at Appendix 7.1.

7.1.1. Social Development and Indigenous People Development Program (IPDP)

277. A separate Social Impact Assessment study is undertaken and social development programme is addressed as per this study. The involuntary resettlement issue is also addressed under separate study. However, the correlated issues like safety of habitats and workers, protection of common physical cultural resources, safe passage of habitats are addressed under environmental assessment and mitigation plan.

278. Since there is no indigenous population likely to be affected in the project area, IPDP is not envisaged. This has to be confirmed based on the social assessment.

7.1.2. Emergency Response Plan 279. Assessment of nature, type and extent of project activities establishes that

accidents on paved roads and consequent spillage can be the more frequent emergency. Other situation includes road overtopping due to heavy flood. It is suggested to develop a communication and response system to minimize the response time. The project authorities shall be prepared to counteract against such emergency either by developing in-house capabilities or by associating with any competent agency.

7.2. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) 280. The environmental monitoring programme is prepared with the aim to monitor the

environmental performance of environmental management plan. The EMOP is planned with the focus on following objectives:

• To the assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed

• To assess the change in environmental quality during construction and operation stage with respect to before the project scenario.

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• To assess compliance to regulatory requirements

• To monitor the status of corrective action taken in case of deviation from the planned measures or regulatory requirements.

This will be used as performance indicators for the project. A monitoring plan defining the parameters to be monitored, with sampling locations, frequency of measurements, cost and responsibility for various component of environment is prepared for all stages of project and provided as Appendix 7.2.

7.2.1. Monitoring schedule and performance indicator 281. The monitoring schedule has been developed based on the possible occurrence

of adverse impacts and required mitigation actions. However, this schedule is subject to change depending on the analysis results obtained. The performance indicators and protocol for changing the monitoring schedule is given below.

7.2.1.1.1 Tree Plantation

282. The 75% survival rate of re-plantation shall be monitored on the first year of the operation phase. If the survival rate is found below 75%, necessary measures will be taken to increase the survival rate and monitoring shall be again taken on the third year of operation. This cycle should continue until the 75% survival rate is achieved.

7.2.1.1.2 Soil Erosion and Drainage Congestion

283. No significant soil erosion problem is anticipated due to the project either in the construction phase or in the operation phase. However, in the construction phase, some localised soil erosion may be noticed owing to construction activities. However, if soil erosion is noticed during construction and operation phase, the corrective action shall be initiated and frequency of check be increased to assess the tendency of occurrence.

284. The cross drainage structure shall be free from siltation. Visual check shall be made periodically to identify any drainage congestion or water logging along the road. Appropriate corrective action shall be taken to clear the congestion and prevent reoccurrence.

7.2.1.1.3 Air and Noise Quality

285. Due to the variability of the construction activities, namely changes in batch composition, type of construction activity and other anthropogenic influences, the ambient air quality of the project area may change. If the air quality with respect to any parameter exceeds by more than 25% of its last monitored value, the monitoring frequency shall be doubled and cause of the increase investigated. If the construction activities are found to be the reason for this increase, suitable measures should be adopted.

286. Similarly, due to the variability in traffic movement, namely changes in traffic volume, traffic compositions and other anthropogenic influences, the noise quality in the project area is likely to change. If the noise quality exceeds by 20% of the applicable ambient noise quality standard or 5% of its last monitored value, the monitoring frequency shall be increased and the cause of the increase

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investigated. If the construction activities are found to be the reason for this increase, suitable measures should be adopted.

7.2.1.1.4 Water Quality

287. No significant change in water quality is perceived due to the project in the operation phase. However, in the construction phase, the monitored values for pH, BOD, COD, TDS, DO and Oil & Grease might change owing to construction activities. Hence, it is suggested that if the monitored value for any water quality parameter exceeds by more than 20% of its last monitored status the monitoring frequency shall be increased.

7.2.2. Authorities and their Responsibilities for Implementation of EMoP 288. The most essential component of the Environment Monitoring Plan is the

execution of the Plan in accordance with the monitoring schedule provided therein. The field officer concerned at PIU will be responsible for timely monitoring of various parameters and compliance with the mitigative measure proposed. He can execute this task through supervision consultant. A resultant database is proposed to be maintained. A Management Information System (MIS) is also put in place for effective flow of information between various levels and functions within the MPRDC.

289. The monitoring reports shall be sent to Sr. Manager (Environment & Social) at head office with copy to Divisional Officer.

7.3. Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement 290. M. P. State Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), is responsible for the

development of state roads. MPRDC has set up divisional offices which act as Project Implementation Unit (PIU). Each PIU is headed by Divisional officer who is supported various engineers (field officers). These field officers also have the responsibility to comply with various regulatory permitting and compliance monitoring requirement. A Sr Manager (Environment & Social) is posted at Head Quarter who is responsible for overall environment and social management of sub projects. He reports to Dy General Manager who is responsible for the implementation of MPSRP_II and co-ordinate with ADB to monitor all environmental requirements of this subproject.

291. For subproject planning and implementation, Project Implementation Unit/s (PIUs) are established. This is headed by Divisional Officer and supported by Field officers. It is proposed to designate one of the field officers with additional responsibility of environment and social management. This officer shall be given adequate training for effective environmental management and monitoring. The designated field officer will be responsible for implementation and monitoring of EMP. Field Officer will monitor the compliance directly or with the help of supervision consultant. SQC will also supervise the contractor for complying the EMP requirements, monitoring requirements and obtaining the required permits. Divisional officer will overall responsible for ensuring effective implementation of EMP at PIU level who will ensure it through field officer and SQC. Field officer will be fully responsible for operation stage monitoring.

292. The EMP will be included in the construction contract and the contractor will be responsible for its implementation. MPRDC will monitor the implementation of these mitigation measures by the contractors through Sr Manager Environment,

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Field Officers at PIU and SQC. The field officers at PIU level will be responsible for compliance monitoring and periodic reporting to divisional officer and Sr. Manager Environment at Head office.

293. The roles and duties of various agencies responsible for monitoring have been outlined in Table 7.1. The flow diagram depicting the institutional arrangement for implementation EMP and EMoP has been given as Figure 7.1. Table 7.1 : Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organisations

HQ MPRDC Contractor PIU Supervision Consultant • Obtain statutory

clearances required during pre-construction stage

• overall project coordination and management through PIU supported by SC

• Interaction and Reporting to ADB. Submission of progress reports to ADB atleast once in a year.

• Effective implementation of EMP and Monitoring of EMP

• Compilation of data relating to implementation of EMP.

• Advising and suggesting corrective measures to adhere to time schedule for implementation of EMP.

• Carry out verification/supervision exercises for implementation of EMP with respect to modification (if required) for enhancement measures.

• Obtain permits as required during construction stage

• Joint Verification Exercise including, PMU CMU, SC for review of EMP

• Interaction with Sr Manager (Env. & Social) , PIU and SC

• Contractor’s Env. Officer will be primarily responsible for implementation EMP

• Filling of Reporting Format and submitting to SC

• Monitoring through approved agency.

• Preparation of various plans for effective implementation of EMP as detailed out in EMP and submitting it for approval to SC

• Identification of sites for labour camps, hot mix plant, batch mix plant, debris disposal etc

• Joint verification to be carried out by HQ, PIU, SC Contractor Env. Manager.

• Overall Supervision of implementation of EMP

• Environmental monitoring through approved laboratory or through SC

• Verification of consent taken by contractor for opening of borrow areas, and setting up labour camps. Ensuring restoration as per initial agreement with land owner

• Keeping records of all consents obtained by contractor.

• Compilation of data relating to implementation of EMP.

• Filling of Summary Sheets and reporting to HQ.

• Approval of plans prepared by contractor

• Addressing grievances of local community and information dissemination through

• Assist and advise the PIU in matters relating to environment and social matters.

• Compliance reporting to EMP and clearance conditions

• Provide corrective action if any deviation to EMP is identified

• Part of Joint Verification Exercise to be carried out by HQ, PIU and Contractor for review of EMP for modification in enhancement measures (if required)

• Ensure that the contractor define the cost of environmental measures like borrow area rehabilitation etc which are shown as part of construction cost under EMP matrix (Appendix 7.1) before the start of construction. This amount shall be released against completion of respective EMP measures.

• Supervise implementation of EMP/EMoP by contractor

• Develop good practices construction guidelines to assist

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NGOs/CBOs. contractor in implementation of EMP

• Conduct Consultations programs with the stakeholders on regular basis to get first hand information on the inconvenience caused to contractor’s activities such as noise, debris disposal etc.

• Maintain environmental reporting system

• Ensure submission of compliance report to EMP/EMoP once in six month to PIU

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Figure 7.1 Proposed Structure for EMP/EMOP Implementation

7.3.2. Institutional / Capacity Building 294. Capacity Building: As per the existing structure, one officer at Sr Manager level

is responsible for Environmental and social aspect at MPRDC. Considering the increasing magnitude of activities, it is proposed that another manager level officer be appointed to support Sr manager’s activities. The group shall be named as Environmental and Social Group. To facilitate and streamline this group’s activities it is proposed to develop the Environmental and social impact guidelines. This will standardise the impact assessment, regulatory compliance and environmental quality monitoring mechanism. A software (MIS) system with on line linkage with different PIUs is also proposed to track the environmental performance. A budget of Rs. 30.0 lacs is made for the same.

295. Training and Awareness: To enhance the capacity of officials for effective implementation of proposed mitigation measures and monitoring the resultant effects, as well as create awareness amongst workers and public, the training and awareness programme is planned and is given as Table 7.2. The institutions/agencies like regional office of MoEF, SPCB/CPCB, and Indian Institute of Technologies can be consulted for such trainings. Independent subject’s experts/consultants (e.g., for the environmental awareness program, impact assessment specialist will be the resource person) can also be the resource persons to impart trainings. These experts /agencies shall be appointed based on specific need for the training.

Social and Env. Group (Proposed) Sr. Manager (Env and Social) Supported by

Manager Env. and Social (proposed)

PIU Divisional Officer supported by field

Officers

Contractor

HQ MPRDC DY General Manager (MPSRSP II)

Field Officer – (Proposed to be designated with additional responsibility of Env. And Social)

Need Based Support from Approved Monitoring Agency and Independent Subject Experts and Institutions

Supervision Consultant

Asian Development Bank

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Table 7.2 : Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II

Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II

S. No.

Target group

Subject(s) Method Time Frame

and Estimated Cost

Basis for Costs Estimation

Training Material

Preparation

Training Delivery

1 All staffs of MPRDC including PIU project staff involved in implementation of the project and Select NGOs.

Environmental Overview: Environmental Regulations, sub-project related provisions of various Acts/ Guidelines, EIA notification, process and methodology for IEE, EMPs

Lectures cum interaction

Before beginning of the implementation of the sub-project. INR 6.24 Lakhs

@ Rs 2.0 Lacs

Reproduction of Training Material Rs 24,000 (@ Rs. 200 per set for 120 sets ) Training Delivery: Honorarium and travel cost of the faculty Rs 2.0 lac (@ 50,000 per programme for 4 programmes) Venue and other facility costs Rs 2.0 lacs ( @ Rs 50000 per programme with 25 participants in each)

2 Field Officer (Env) at PIU, Supervision Consultant’s Environmental Specialists and Select NGOs

Implementation of EMPs: Basic features of an EMP, Planning, designing and execution of environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, monitoring and evaluation of environmental conditions – during construction and operation

Workshops and Seminars

Before the construction begins INR 6.24 Lakhs

@ Rs 2.0 Lacs

-do-

3 Sr Manager, Manager at Head Quarter and Field officer at PIU, , design team, Supervision Consultant Construction Contractors’ staff

Environmentally Sound Construction Practices: Clean construction technology, alternatives materials and techniques for construction, Waste Management and minimization in construction, pollution control devices and methods for construction sites

Workshops and Site visits

Before the construction INR 6.24 Lakhs

@ Rs 3.0 Lacs

-do-

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296. Management System: It is proposed to develop standard environmental guidelines for impact assessment, management plan, and monitoring. It is recommended to develop an Environmental Management and Reporting Systems following international standards like ISO 14001.

7.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism 297. Any environmental grievance received from public or stakeholders concerning

the project will be directed to the concerned PIU. Firstly, field officer will assess if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable. Accordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days through suitable mode by the field officer with the approval of Divisional Officer. In case PIU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to Sr. Manager ( Environment & Social) at head quarter who will take it up further and resolve. The corrective and preventing action will be taken in a time bound manner as per response given to the stakeholders. The outcome shall also form part of quarterly report to ADB.

298. The local community will be informed by the respective supervision consultants about the option to express their grievances if any through the mechanism described above before the start of construction activities. The grievance redress

and equipment, Environmental clauses in contract documents and their implications, protection of flora and fauna Environmental monitoring during construction

4 PIU and Supervision Consultant, NGOs and community representatives

Monitoring Environmental Performance during Construction: Air, Water, Soil and Noise, tree survival Monitoring requirement and techniques, Evaluation and Review of results, Performance indicators and their applicability, possible corrective actions, reporting requirements and mechanisms

Lectures, Workshop and site visits

During initial phases of construction INR 5.0 Lakhs

@ Rs 1.5 Lacs

Reproduction of Training Material Rs 24,000 (@ Rs. 200 per set for 120 persons ) Training Delivery: Honorarium and travel cost of the faculty Rs 1.6 lac (@ 40,000 per programme for 4 programmes) Venue and other facility costs Rs 1.6 lacs ( @ Rs 40,000 per programme with 25 participants in each)

Total Training Costs

Rs 23.72 lacs or Say Rs. 24 lacs

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mechanism with the name of concerned official shall also be displayed at MPRDC website, and on notice boards of the PIU office and construction sites.

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8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1. Conclusions

299. The findings of Environment Assessment indicate that project is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. While some of the impacts are negative, there are many bearing benefits to the area. Most of the impacts are likely to occur during construction stage and are temporary in nature and can be mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts. Some impacts require design consideration and are suitably addressed. The project received immense support from local people as they perceive that this project will improve the overall connectivity and bring various economic opportunities to the people of the area.

300. The alignment does not pass through or located nearby any ecologically sensitive or protected areas. No archaeological/protected monument is located in the project vicinity. The land use pattern around the alignment is predominantly agricultural. The significant impact during construction is mainly associated with minor increase in dust borne air pollution, increased noise level, nuisance due to movement and operation of vehicles, establishment of temporary facilities, hindrance in accessibility to common property resources etc. During operation stage, the main impact may be related to air quality and noise. Other issues relates to road safety including pedestrian and cattles.

301. Environmental screening and assessment of likely impacts, the project has been categorised as Category ‘B’. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable level. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage.

302. Key findings of the IEE are summarised in following paragraphs:

• The groundwater condition in the project section is poor. Hence, provisions of water harvesting should be adopted.

• Drainage along the roadside is poor. Hence, adequate measures are required as per the mitigation measures suggested in the IEE.

• Since no land acquisition is involved, the project will not affect any family. Also, there will be no Impact on community infrastructure as the upgradation is limited to the available ROW.

• Ambient noise level is within prescribed limit except near busy intersections. Some of the key suggested measures during construction are provision of temporary noise barriers and regulating construction timings near sensitive locations. Operation stage mitigation includes multilayered plantation and restricting honking near sensitive areas, maintaining good road conditions and congestion free traffic movement.

• Large quantity of earth is required for the project. The availability of government waste land/barren land/uplands etc. is limited in the area. Morrum and borrow area is available in the nearby area but sand and metals need to be sourced from distant locations such as Damoh.

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• The compensatory afforestation should be undertaken at 1:7 basis in close consultation with forest department. Roadside plantation should be done as per IRC specifications. Additional plantation should be done in consultation at river banks especially at major bridge locations.

• Soil erosion along embankment slope, river banks, bridge sites and river training structures shall be checked through measures suggested in IEE. These measures coupled with silt fencing/brush barrier etc will also help to minimise siltation of water bodies though required at only few locations since most of the water bodies are seasonal in nature.

• Predominant land use along the project alignment is agricultural/open area which helps in adequate dispersion of air emission. The increased pollution level during construction stage will be largely localised and temporary in nature. Corridor specific measures to curb emission include maintaining good road conditions, improved traffic regulations and roadside plantation with pollutant absorbent species.

• Siting and management of temporary construction facilities i.e. construction camp, workers camp, hot mix plant, batching plant, dumping sites, stone crusher etc. shall be done in environmentally accepted manner as mentioned in IEE.

• Dismantled material shall be reused to the extent possible. Leftover debris shall be disposed off in environmentally acceptable method and at designated sites.

• Risk involved with accidents, community and occupational health safety should be mitigated as per measures provided in IEE. A proper traffic management plan shall be in place well before start of the construction.

303. Post Environmental Assessment Surveillance and Monitoring is essential to sustain the effectiveness of the mitigative measures suggested. A detailed monitoring plan has been prepared as part of the Environmental Management Plan. The focus areas of monitoring covers air, surface water quality, noise, soil erosion, drainage congestion and tree survival rate. The reporting requirements along with the follow up actions in case of deviation from the norms have been detailed out as a part of EMP. The frequency has been set in consideration of the likely impacts.

8.2. Key Recommendations: 304. Any major changes or any major additional work other than the proposed

project activities will require preparation of another environmental assessment. This additional assessment will have to be submitted to concerned Government authorities and ADB for concurrence before civil works commence.

305. The implementation of prescribed mitigation measures will minimize/avoid the adverse impacts. Moreover, the impacts shall be monitored continually by implementing and updating the Environmental Management plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan may be updated if deemed necessary as per site conditions. MPRDC shall submit six monthly compliance/update reports to ADB.

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306. All necessary clearances/permissions/No-objections/Consents should be obtained as required at different stages and as outlined in legal framework chapter of IEE. MPRDC shall ensure that environmental clearance as may be required is obtained before start of construction.

307. Executing agency shall ensure that EMP and EMoP is included in Bill of Quantity (BOQ) and forms part of bid document and civil works contract. The same shall be revised if necessary during project implementation or if there is any change in the project design and with approval of ADB.

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APPENDIX 3.1 : INVENTORY AND SURVEY CONDITION OF BRIDGES

CHAINAGE CHAINAGE PAVEMENT SHOULDER

TERRAIN EMBANKMENT SOIL LAND USE Avg. ROW REMARKS

From To TYPE CONDITION WIDTH TYPE CONDITION WIDTH

0 0.4 BT VERY POOR 3.5

EARTHEN / GRAVEL

(GR) POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC BUILTUP /

AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

0.4 0.9 BT VERY POOR 3.5

EARTHEN / GRAVEL

(GR) POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC BUILTUP /

AGRICULTURAL 15 RC


EARTHEN / GRAVEL

(GR) POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC


EARTHEN / GRAVEL

(GR) POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC BUILTUP 15 RC


EARTHEN / GRAVEL

(GR) POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

2.6 3.5 BT VERY POOR 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

3.5 4 BT VERY POOR 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

4 5.8 BT VERY POOR 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

5.8 6.7 BT VERY POOR 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

6.7 6.95 BT VERY POOR 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

6.95 7 BT VERY POOR 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

7 8.8 BT VERY POOR 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

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CHAINAGE CHAINAGE PAVEMENT SHOULDER TERRAIN EMBANKMENT SOIL LAND USE Avg.

ROW REMARKS From To TYPE CONDITION WIDTH TYPE CONDITION WIDTH



9.7 9.9 BT VERY POOR 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC BUILTUP 15 RC


12.1 12.4 BT VERY POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC


15.3 15.6 BT VERY POOR 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

15.6 19 BT VERY POOR 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

19 19.2 BT VERY POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

19.2 21 BT VERY POOR 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

21 21.1 BT VERY POOR 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC



27.6 28 BT FAIR 3.5 / 5.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

28 33.2 BT FAIR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

33.2 33.8 BT FAIR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1 BC BUILTUP 12-Oct RC

33.8 34.1 BT FAIR 3 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1 BC BUILTUP 12-Oct RC

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34.1 34.9 BT POOR 3 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 12-Oct RC

34.9 36.2 BT FAIR 5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 12-Oct RC

36.2 37.2 BT FAIR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 12-Oct RC

37.2 38.2 BT FAIR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

38.2 39.8 BT FAIR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

39.8 40.1 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

40.1 40.8 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

40.8 41.9 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC



43.8 44 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

44 44.9 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

44.9 46 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

46 47 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

47 48.1 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC






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58.9 59.2 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

59.2 60.9 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL / BARREN 15 RC

60.9 61.1 CC POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 / 0.0 BC AGRICULTURAL / BARREN

12-Oct Widening

61.1 62.7 BT FAIR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 / 0.0 BC BUILTUP 12-Oct RC

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APPENDIX 3.2 : RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST

DAMOH-HATA-GAISABAD (SH-47) SECTION

Instructions: (i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It

is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES), for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are

adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential

impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures. Country/Project Title: Sector Division:

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. PROJECT SITING IS THE PROJECT AREA ADJACENT TO OR WITHIN ANY OF THE FOLLOWING ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS?

CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE

None

A. Protected Area

None

WETLAND None

MANGROVE

None

ESTUARINE

None

BUFFER ZONE OF PROTECTED AREA

None

SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY

None

IND: TA 4998

Roads and Highways

IND/Sub-regional Transport Enhancement Project – Road improvement w/ bituminous overlay: Damoh-Hata-Gaisabad (62.70 km)

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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS WILL THE PROJECT CAUSE…

Encroachment on historical/cultural areas; disfiguration of landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries?

No encroachment on historical or cultural areas is envisaged. The topography of project road is mainly flat. But, minor impacts on landscape by road embankments to improve profile, cuts and fills cannot be ruled out.

Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. sensitive or protected areas)?

None. The project road does not pass through any ecologically sensitive areas.

Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways crossed by roads, resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site?

None, since no new construction of bridges are proposed. Also, since, the project section crosses Sohar River and other steams etc. which remain dry during non-monsoon seasons. Hence, no impact is envisaged on the surface water hydrology. All measures shall be taken during construction stage so that watercourses are not affected and temporary soil and rock stockpiles will be designed so that runoff will not induce sedimentation of waterways.

Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff and sanitary wastes from worker-based camps and chemicals used in construction?

Suitable prevention measures such as silt fencing will reduce silt run off. Adequate measures for sanitary waste and silt runoff shall be taken to prevent any such condition.

Increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, cutting and filling works, and chemicals from asphalt processing?

Local air pollution level is likely to be increased for short duration during construction period particularly due to earth work. Appropriate distance from settlement area and wind direction may be taken into account to locate air polluting facility like stone crushing unit etc., if required.

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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project construction and operation during project construction and operation?

Risk is temporary and associated with construction phase. Construction workers will be provided with proper occupational, health and safety gear. Safety officer will be appointed by contractor to lead implementation of occupational and community health and safety plan during construction phase

Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?

During operation period higher noise and vibration will be mainly impulsive in nature and temporary. However, suitable mitigation measures will be taken to minimize the adverse effects.

Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people

None.

Dislocation and compulsory resettlement of people living in right-of-way?

No displacement. Project improvement work is to be carried out within existing available ROW, no resettlement is envisaged.

Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

None.

Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in living conditions in the project areas that may trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and stress?

All possible mitigation measures will be taken to avoid any inconvenience due to the project. Efforts will also be made to keep air pollution within permissible levels to prevent respiratory problems and stress among the nearby inhabitants.

Hazardous driving conditions where construction interferes with pre-existing roads?

Transport routes for construction vehicle shall be decided considering this aspect to avoid any hazardous driving condition.

Poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in construction camps and work sites, and possible transmission of communicable diseases from workers to local populations?

Appropriate waste management shall be adopted to prevent any such conditions. Awareness plan for workers will be prepared to educate them about communicable diseases.

Creation of temporary breeding habitats for mosquito vectors of disease?

No such condition is anticipated

91

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Accident risks associated with increased vehicular traffic, leading to accidental spills of toxic materials and loss of life?

Temporarily during construction stage. Adequate measures will be provided to prevent them such as speed reduction, provision of crash barrier & proper traffic signage system at sensitive places will ensure smooth traffic flow which will reduce accidental risk

Increased noise and air pollution resulting from traffic volume?

Temporarily during construction phase.

Increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles using the road?

Temporarily during construction phase. Adequate preventive measures will take to prevent such risks.

Social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired?

Most of the workers will be hired locally.

Large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

Most of the workers will be hired locally. All groundwater extraction will be covered by necessary permits and all construction sites will have sanitary toilets with septic tank.

Risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation?

No blasting will be made, bitumen handling will be consistent with the Material Safety Data Sheet, occupational and community health and safety provisions included in the EMP

Community safety risks due to both accidental and natural causes, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning.

Community and occupational health and safety plan will form part of EMP.

The Project is categorized as B. As per MOEF latest EIA notification, Environmental Clearance for the project is not required. However, other consent conditions will be required.

92

APPENDIX 4.1 : NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

The finding as Notified on 16th November 2009 by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in exercise of its powers conferred under Section 6 and Section 25 of the Environment Protect Act, 1986.

Source: Gazette of India, Part II-Section-3-Subsection (i) * Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104

** 24-horly / 8-hourly values or 0.1 hourly monitored values shall be complied with 98% of the time in the year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.

measurements in a year taken twice a week 24-hourly at uniform interval.

Pollutant

Time-Weighted Concentration in Ambient Air

Average

Industrial, Residential and other rural area

Ecologically Sensitive Area

(Notified by Central

Government)

SO2 ug/m3 Annual*

24 hours**

50

80

20

80

NOx ug/m3 Annual*

24 hours**

40

80

30

80

PM10 ug/m3

Annual*

24 hours**

60

100

60

100

PM2.5 ug/m3 Annual*

24 hours**

40

60

40

60

Lead ug/m3 Annual*

24 hours**

0.50

1.0

0.50

1.0

CO ug/m3 8 Hours**

1 Hour**

2000

4000

2000

4000

O3 ug/m3 8 Hours**

1 Hour**

100

180

100

180

NH3 ug/m3 Annual*

24 hours**

100

400

100

400

93

APPENDIX 4.2 : AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL LIMITS (IN LEQ DB(A)), INDIA

Area/Class Day Time (6:00 AM to 9:00 PM)

Night Time (9:00 PM to 6:00 am)

Standard Standard

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence 50 40 Source: Environment Protection Rules, 1986, Schedule III

94

APPENDIX 4.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991)

S. No. Parameters Prescribed limits Probable effects Desirable Permissible 1 COLOUR (HAZEN UNIT) 5 25 Aesthetically undesirable. 2 ODOUR Essentially free Aesthetically undesirable. 3 TASTE Agreeable Aesthetically undesirable. 4 TURBIDITY (NTU) 5 10 Indicates pollution/ contamination.

5 pH 6.5 8.5 Affects taste, corrodes supply system.

6 HARDNESS, as CaCO3, mg/l 300 600

Causes scaling, excessive soap consumption, calcification of arteries.

7 IRON, as Fe , mg/l 0.30 1.00 Causes staining of laundry and porcelain. In traces it is essential for nutrition.

8 CHLORIDE, as Cl , mg/l 250 1000

May be injurious to heart or kidney patients. Taste, indigestion, corrosion and palatability are affected.

9 RESIDUAL CHLORINE, only when Water is chlorinated

0.20 - Excessive chlorination causes asthma, colitis and eczema

10 TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS, mg/l 500 2000

May cause gastro-intestinal irritation, corrosion and laxative effect to new users.

11 CALCIUM, as Ca, mg/l 75 200

Excessive Cause incrustation, deficiency causes rickets, essential for nervous, muscular, cardiac functions and in coagulation of blood.

12 MAGNESIUM, as Mg, mg/l 30 100

Its salts are cathartics and diuretic. Excessive may cause laxative effect; deficiency causes structural and functional changes. It is activator of many enzyme systems.

13 COPPER, as Cu, mg/l 0.05 1.50

Beneficial in human metabolism, deficiency results in nutritional anaemia in infants. Large amounts may result in liver damage, causes central nervous system irritation and depression. Enhances corrosion of Al in water supply systems.

14 SULPHATE, as SO4, mg/l 200 400

Causes gastro-intestinal irritation. Along with Mg or Na can have a cathartic effect. Concentration more than 750 mg/l may have laxative effect.

15 NITRATE, as N, mg/l 45 100

Causes infant methaemoglobinaemia, at very high concentration causes gastric cancer and effects central nervous

95

S. No. Parameters Prescribed limits Probable effects Desirable Permissible

and cardiovascular system.

16 FLUORIDE, as F, mg/l 1.00 1.50 Reduces dental carries, very high concentration may cause crippling skeletal fluorosis.

17 CADMIUM, as Cd, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation

Acute toxicity may be associated with renal, arterial hypertension, itai-itai (bone disease). Cd salts cause cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.

18 LEAD, as Pb, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation

Burning in mouth, severe inflammation of gastro-intestinal tract with vomiting and diarrhoea. Chronic toxicity produces nausea, severe abdominal pain, paralysis, mental confusion, visual disturbances, and anaemia etc.

19 ZINC, as Zn , mg/l 5 15 Essential and beneficial in human metabolism. Imparts astringent taste to water.

20 CHROMIUM, as Cr, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Cr6+ produces lung tumours, coetaneous and nasal mucous membrane ulcers and dermatitis.

21 ARSENIC, as As, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Causes skin damage, circulatory problems, and increased risk of skin cancer.

22 ANTIMONY, as Sb, mg/l 0.006 No relaxation Raises blood cholesterol, lowers blood sugar.

23 ALUMINIUM, as Al, mg/l 0.030 0.200 Leads to neurological disorders. 24 BARIUM, as Ba, mg/l 2 No relaxation Increases blood pressure. 25 BERYLLIUM, as Be, mg/l nil 0.0002 Is carcinogenic

26 CYANIDE, as CN, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Causes nerve damage, thyroid problem.

27 MERCURY, as Hg, mg/l 0.001 No relaxation

Neurological and renal disturbances. Excess causes gonadotoxic and mutagenic effects and disturbs the cholesterol metabolism.

28 MANGANESE, as Mn, mg/l 0.10 0.30

Essential as a cofactor in enzyme systems and metabolism processes. Excessive causes change in appetite and reduction in metabolism of iron to form haemoglobin. Imparts undesirable taste and stains plumbing fixtures and laundry.

29 SELENIUM, as Se, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation Leads to hair, finger loss, and numbness in fingers or toes, circulatory problems.

30 BORON, as B, mg/l 1.00 5.00 Affects central nervous system, salts may cause nausea, cramps, convulsions, coma, etc.

31 ALKALINITY, as CaCO3, 200 600 Imparts unpleasant taste,

96

S. No. Parameters Prescribed limits Probable effects Desirable Permissible

mg/l deleterious to humans in presence of high pH, hardness and TDS.

32 PESTICIDES, ug/l nil 0.001

Imparts toxicity, accumulates in different organs of body, and affects immune and nervous systems. Carcinogenic.

33 PHOSPHATE, as PO4, mg/l No guideline

High concentration causes vomiting and diarrhoea stimulates secondary hyperthyroidism and bone loss.

34 SODIUM, as Na, mg/l No guideline Harmful to persons suffering from cardiac, renal and circulatory diseases.

35 POTASSIUM, as K, mg/l No guideline Essential nutrition element but excessive amounts are cathartic.

36 NICKEL, as Ni , mg/l No guideline

Non-toxic element but may be carcinogenic in animals, can react with DNA resulting in DNA damage in animals.

37

PATHOGENS a)TOTAL COLIFORM No/dl b)FAECAL COLIFORM No/dl

1 10

Causes water borne diseases like coliform jaundice; Typhoid, Cholera etc. produces infections involving skin mucous membrane of eyes, ears and throat.

38

RADIOACTIVITY: -BETA PARTICLES -ALPHA PARTICLES -RADIUM

0-4 milligram/year

0-15 picocuries/year 0-05 picocuries/year

Increases risk of cancer.

97

APPENDIX 4.4 : Water QUALITY Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB, 1979)

Characteristics A B C D E

Dissolved Oxygen (DO), mg/L, Min 6 5 4 4 -

Biological Oxygen Demand, BOD, mg/L, max

2 3 3 - -

Total Coliform organism **, MPN/100ml, Max 50 500 5000 - -

pH value 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6 – 9 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 Free Ammonia (as N), mg/L, Max - - - 1.2 -

Electrical Conductivity, µmhos/cm, max - - - - 2250

Sodium absorption Ratio - - - - 26 Boron, mg/L, Max - - - - 2

A) Drinking water sources without conventional treatment but after disinfecting B) Outdoor Bathing (organized) C) Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfecting D) Propagation of wildlife, fisheries E) Irrigation, industrial cooling, controlled waste disposal

98

APPENDIX 5.1: Guidelines for Borrow Areas Management

1. SELECTION OF BORROW AREAS Location of borrow areas shall be finalized as per IRC: 10-1961guidlines. The finalization of locations in case of borrows areas identified in private land shall depend upon the formal agreement between landowners and contractor. If, agreement is not reached between the contractor and landowners for the identified borrow areas sites, arrangement for locating the source of supply of material for embankment and sub-grade as well as compliance to environment requirements in respect of excavation and borrow areas as stipulated from time to time by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, and local bodies, as applicable shall be the sole responsibility of the contractor.

The contractor in addition to the established practices, rules and regulation will also consider following criteria before finalizing the locations.

(1) The borrow area should not be located in agriculture field unless unavoidable i.e. barren land is not available.

(2) The borrow pits preferably should not be located along the roads.

(3) The loss of productive and agriculture soil should be minimum.

(4) The loss of vegetation is almost nil or minimum.

(5) The Contractor will ensure that suitable earth is available.

2. CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILTY The Contractor shall obtain representative samples from each of the identified borrow areas and have these tested at the site laboratory following a testing programme approved by the Engineer. It shall be ensured that the sub-grade material when compacted to the density requirements shall yield the design CBR value of the sub-grade. Contractor shall begin operations keeping in mind following;

(1) Haulage of material to embankments or other areas of fill shall proceed only when sufficient spreading and compaction plants is operating at the place of deposition.

(2) No excavated acceptable material other than surplus to requirements of the Contract shall be removed from the site. Contractor should be permitted to remove acceptable material from the site to suit his operational procedure, then shall make consequent deficit of material arising there from.

(3) Where the excavation reveals a combination of acceptable and un-acceptable materials, the Contractor shall, unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, carry out the excavation in such a manner that the acceptable materials are excavated separately for use in the permanent works without contamination by the un-acceptable materials. The acceptable material shall be stockpiled separately.

(4) The Contractor shall ensure that he does not adversely affect the stability of excavation or fills by the methods of stockpiling materials, use of plants are siting of temporary buildings or structures.

99

3. BORROWING FROM DIFFERENT LAND-FORMS

A. Borrow Areas located in Agricultural Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be

stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal).

(iii) Borrowing of earth will be carried out up to a depth of 1.5m from the existing ground level.

(iv) Borrowing of earth will not be done continuously through out the stretch. (v) Ridges of not less than 8m widths will be left at intervals not exceeding

300m. (vi) Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate

drainage. (vii) The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical:

Horizontal). (viii) The depth of borrow pits will not be more than 30 cm after stripping the 15

cm topsoil aside.

B. Borrow Areas located in Elevated Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be

stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal).

(iii) At location where private owners desire their fields to be levelled, the borrowing shall be done to a depth of not more than 1.5m or up to the level of surrounding fields

C. Borrow Areas near River side

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile.

(ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal).

(iii) Borrow area near to any surface water body will be at least at a distance of 15m from the toe of the bank or high flood level, whichever is maximum.

D. Borrow Areas near Settlements


100


(iii) Borrow pit location will be located at least 0.75 km from villages and settlements. If un-avoidable, the pit will not be dug for more than 30 cm and drains will be cut to facilitate drainage.

(iv) Borrow pits located in such location will be re-developed immediately after borrowing is completed. If spoils are dumped, that will be covered with a layers of stockpiled topsoil in accordance with compliance requirements with respect MOEF/PPCB guidelines.

E. Borrow Pits along the Road

Borrow pits along the road shall be discouraged and if deemed necessary and permitted by the Engineer; following precautions are recommended



(iii) Ridges of not less than 8m widths should be left at intervals not exceeding 300m.

(iv) Small drains shall be cut through the ridges of facilitate drainage.

(v) The depth of the pits shall be so regulated that there bottom does not cut an imaginary line having a slope of 1 vertical to 4 horizontal projected from the edge of the final section of bank, the maximum depth of any case being limited to 1.5m.

(vi) Also, no pit shall be dug within the offset width from the toe of the embankment required as per the consideration of stability with a minimum width of 10m.

4. REHABILITATION OF BORROW AREAS The objective of the rehabilitation programme is to return the borrow pit sites to a safe and secure area, which the general public should be able to safely enter and enjoy. Securing borrow pits in a stable condition is fundamental requirement of the rehabilitation process. This could be achieved by filling the borrow pit floor to approximately the access road level. Re-development plan shall be prepared by the Contractor before the start of work inline with the owners will require and to the satisfaction of owner. The Borrow Areas shall be rehabilitated as per following;

• Borrow pits shall be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation sloped will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original round surface.

• Borrow areas might be used for aquaculture in case landowner wants such development. In that case, such borrow area will be photographed

101

after their post use restoration and Environment Expert of Supervision Consultant will certify the post use redevelopment.

The Contractor will keep record of photographs of various stages i.e., before using materials from the location (pre-project), for the period borrowing activities (construction Phase) and after rehabilitation (post development), to ascertain the pre and post borrowing status of the area.

102

APPENDIX 7.1: Environmental Management Plan (SH-47: Damoh-Hata-Gaisabad 60.7 km)

All activity for supervision is on part of SQC unless involvement of different department Environmental

Issue/ Component Remedial Measure Reference to laws

/guidelines Approximate Location

Time Frame

Mitigation Cost

Institutional Responsibility Implementation Supervision

A. Design and Construction Stage 1. Alignment

Pavement damage and inadequate drainage provisions in habitat areas

• Selection of suitable pavement design in habitat areas considering alignment level and drainage

• Raise road level above the nearby areas with provision of adequate side drains to evacuate the rain water and domestic discharges (drained by habitats occasionally) to prevent damage to road and rain water entry to habitats’ houses.

• Provision of adequate no of cross drainage structures based on drainage pattern around the alignment

Design requirement • All habitat areas throughout the alignment

During the design stage

Included in construction cost

Design Consultant

SQC/MPRDC

Safety along the proposed alignment

• Make provisions of crash barriers at accident prone areas

• Provision of rumble strips in habitat areas to regulate speed.

• Provision of retro-reflective warning sign boards nears school, hospital, religious places and forests areas

• Provision of footpaths along the road near habitat areas, school, hospital, religious places and forests

• Compliance with norms specified in IRC codes for state highway for curvature and grading

• Provision of safety kerb with

Design requirement

• Crash barriers are proposed at Lakshman Dham (Khujeri), Palar, Ankhera (Bangaon), Luhari, Hata town, Hardua, Ghataria, Sakour (Hinota Kala), Budwar, Gaisabad

During the design stage


Design Consultant

SQC/MPRDC

103

Environmental Issue/ Component

Remedial Measure Reference to laws /guidelines

Approximate Location

Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


footpath at all bridges • The design should attempt to

equalize cut and fill. The centerline should be aligned so that on all slopes below 60 degrees, half cut and half fill can be achieved.

• Minimize the cutting in hill areas. Incorporate slope stabilization measures to prevent any land slide situation.

• 2. Natural Hazards

Protection from damage from Earthquake

• Design considering the earthquake potential though the area falls under low earthquake intensity of 2/3

IRC:34 Recommendations for road construction in waterlogged area and IRC: 75 and MOSRTH guidelines for Design of High Embankments

Throughout the stretch Design Stage

Project preparation Cost

Design Consultant

SQC/MPRDC

Protection of road embankment in Flood prone Areas

• Raise embankment height above the HFL levels in the flood prone areas.

• Provision of adequate balancing culverts.

All the existing culverts/bridges are improved to increase their carrying capacity.



Design Consultant

SQC/MPRDC

3. Weather Conditions and Air Quality Local Weather

conditions • Geometric adjustment to reduce

tree cutting. • Compensatory tree Plantation

(1:5) • Additional Plantation on river

banks, borrow areas and sensitive locations to increase

Kyoto Protocol, Environmental Protection Act, 1986; The Air

(Prevention and Control of Pollution)

Act, 1981

Throughout project corridor, mainly at level crossings, haulage roads, earthwork, construction sites, loading areas, storage areas, transport route

Design and Construction stage During the Construction stage

Road Side Plantations +Additional Plantation cost7

Design Consultant and Contractor

=4.0 Million (@1200/tree)

SQC /MPRDC

7The total no. trees likely to be cut are estimated to be 471. Compensatory afforestation norm is 1:5. Additional 1:2 plantations are suggested. Hence, 3297 trees have to be planted in lieu of compensatory plantation. Project has the provision of planting trees on both sides of the road. The lump sum cost of cutting a tree, its afforestation and maintenance is taken as Rs. 1200.

104




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


the green cover and improve the aesthetics

+ IRC and MORTH

Specifications for Road and Bridge

works Air (P and CP) Act 1974 and

Central Motor and Vehicle

Act 1988

Dust Generation due to construction activities and transport, storage and handling of construction materials

• Transport, loading and unloading of loose and fine materials through covered vehicles.

• Paved approach roads. • Storage areas to be located

downwind of the habitation area. • Water spraying on earthworks,

unpaved haulage roads and other dust prone areas.

• Provision of PPEs to workers.

Included in project cost

Design Consultant and Contractor

SQC/MPRDC SQC/MPRDC

Emission of air pollutants (HC, SO2, NOX, CO etc) from vehicles due to traffic congestion and use of equipment and machinery

• Regular maintenance of machinery and equipment.

• Batching, asphalt mixing plants and crushers at downwind (1km) direction from the nearest settlement.

• Only crushers licensed by the PCB shall be used

• DG sets with stacks of adequate height and use of low sulphur diesel as fuel.

• Ambient air quality monitoring • Follow traffic management plan

as given in Section 8.

Asphalt mixing plants, crushers, DG sets locations

During the Construction stage

Included in project cost Included in monitoring cost

Contractor SQC/MPRDC

4. Noise Noise from

construction vehicle, equipment and machinery.

• All equipment to be timely serviced and properly maintained.

• Bottlenecks to be removed. • Construction equipment and

machinery to be fitted with silencers and maintained properly.

• Only IS approved equipments shall be used for construction

Legal requirement Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and amendments thereof

+ Clause No 501.8.6.

MoSRTH

Throughout project section especially at construction sites, residential areas such as Lakshman Dham (Khujeri), Palar, Ankhera (Bangaon), Luhari, Hata town, Hardua, Ghataria, Sakour (Hinota Kala), Budwar, Gaisabad and identified sensitive locations as given in Table 5.1

During the Construction stage

Cost for Plantation already indicated above.

Contractor

SQC/MPRDC

105




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


activities. • Timing of noisy construction

activities shall be done during night time and weekends near sensitive receptors such as schools and temples, concurrent noisy operations may be separated to reduce the total noise generated, and if possible re-route traffic during construction to avoid the accumulation of noise beyond standards. Else provision of temporary noise barrier at sensitive locations or near sources.

• Time regulation near residential and forest areas construction shall be restricted to daylight hours.

• Initiation of multi layered plantation, to serve as mitigation option for operation phase

• Honking restrictions near sensitive areas

• PPEs to workers • Noise monitoring as per EMoP.


works

Monitoring Cost as indicated In EMoP.

5. Land and Soil Land use

Change and Loss of productive/top soil

• For construction non-agricultural areas to be used as borrow areas.

• If using agricultural land, top soil to be preserved and laid over either on the embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion.

Project requirement Throughout the project section and borrow areas

During design and construction Stage



Slope protection and Soil erosion

• Bio-turfing of embankments to protect slopes.

IRC: 56 -1974 recommended

Throughout the stretch especially along hilly areas

Design and

Construction cost

Design consultant and

SQC/MPRDC

106




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


due to construction activities, earthwork, and cut and fill etc.

• Slope protection by providing frames, dry stone pitching, masonry retaining walls, planting of grass and trees.

• The side slopes of all cut and fill areas will be graded and covered with stone pitching, grass and shrub as per design specifications. Care should be taken that the slope gradient shall not be greater than 2:1.

practice for treatment of

embankment slopes for erosion control

Clause No. 306 and 305.2.2

MoSRTH Specifications for Road and Bridge

works Guidelines IX for

Soil erosion

construction stage

Contractor,

Soil erosion at earth stockpiles

• The earth stockpiles to be provided with gentle slopes to prevent soil erosion.

At earth stockpiles Design and construction stage

Construction cost


Borrow areas • Non-productive, barren lands, upland shall be used for borrowing earth with the necessary permissions/consents.

• Depths of borrow pits to be regulated and sides not steeper than 25%.

• Topsoil to be stockpiled and protected for use at the rehabilitation stage.

• Transportation of earth materials through covered vehicles.

• IRC recommended practice for borrow pits (IRC 10: 1961).

• Borrow areas not to be dug continuously.

• To the extent borrow areas shall be sited away from habitated areas. Borrow areas shall be leveled with salvaged material or other filling materials which do not pose contamination of soil. Else, it shall be converted into

IRC Guidelines on borrow areas and for quarries (Environmental Protection Act and Rules, 1986; Water Act, Air Act) + Clause No. 305.2.2 MoSRTH


works Guidelines V for Borrow Areas Management

Borrow sites location.

During Design and construction Stage

Construction cost


107




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


fishpond in consultation with fishery department and land owner/community. Rehabilitation of the borrow areas as per Guidelines for redevelopment of Borrow Areas.

Quarry Operations

• Aggregates will be sourced from existing licensed quarries.

• Copies of consent/ approval / rehabilitation plan for a new quarry or use of existing source will be submitted to EO, MPRDC.

• The contractor will develop a Quarry Redevelopment plan, as per the Mining Rules of the state and submit a copy of the approval to EA.

Clause No. 111.3 MoSRTH Specifications for Road and Bridge works Guidelines VI for Quarry Areas Management

Compaction of soil and impact on quarry haul roads due to movement of vehicles and equipments

• Construction vehicles, machinery, and equipment to be stationed in the designated ROW to avoid compaction.

• Approach roads/haulage roads shall be designed along the barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction.

• Transportation of quarry material to the dumping site through heavy vehicles shall be done through existing major roads to the extent possible to restrict wear and tear to the village/minor roads.

• Land taken for construction camp and other temporary facility shall be restored to its original conditions.

Design requirement

Parking areas, Haulage roads and construction yards.

Just before commencement of construction



Contamination of soil due to leakage/spillage

• Construction vehicles and equipment will be maintained

Design requirement

Fuelling station, construction sites, and construction camps and disposal location.

Just before commenc

Monitoring Cost Included in EMoP


108




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


of oil, bituminous and non bituminous debris generated from demolition and road construction

and refueled in such a fashion that oil/diesel spillage does not contaminate the soil.

• Fuel storage and refueling sites to be kept away from drainage channels.

• Unusable debris shall be dumped in ditches and low lying areas.

• To avoid soil contamination Oil-Interceptors shall be provided at wash down and refueling areas.

• Waste oil and oil soaked cotton/ cloth shall be stored in containers labeled ‘Waste Oil’ and ‘Hazardous’ sold off to MoEF/SPCB authorized vendors

• Non-bituminous wastes to be dumped in borrow pits with the concurrence of landowner and covered with a layer of topsoil conserved from opening the pit.

• Bituminous wastes will be disposed off in an identified dumping site approved by the State Pollution Control Board

• Soil quality monitoring

ement of construction

6. Water Resources Sourcing of water during Construction

• Requisite permission shall be obtained for abstraction of groundwater from Central Groundwater Authority

• Arrangements shall be made by contractor that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected.

- Throughout the Project section

During Construction stage



Disposal of water during

• Provisions shall be made to connect road side drains with

Clause No. 1010 EP Act 1986 MoSRTH

Throughout the Project section

During Constructi

Included in construction


109




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Construction exiting nearby ponds otherwise make provision of water harvesting pits intermittently.


works

on stage cost

Alteration in surface water hydrology due to embankment

• Existing drainage system to be maintained and further enhanced.

• Provision shall be made for adequate size and number of cross drainage structures esp. in the areas where land is sloping towards road alignment.

• Road level shall be raised above HFL level wherever road level is lesser than HFL.

Design requirement, Clause No 501.8.6. MoSRTH Specifications for Road and Bridge

Near all drainage channels, river crossings at Kathera, Bearma, Suhar river etc.



Contractor SQC

Siltation in water bodies due to construction activities/

earthwork

• Embankment slopes to be modified suitably to restrict the soil debris entering water bodies.

• Provision of Silt fencing shall be made at water bodies.

• Silt/sediment should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse as surfacing of slopes where they have to be re-vegetated.

• Earthworks and stone works to be prevented from impeding natural flow of rivers, streams and water canals or existing drainage system.

Design requirement , Clause No 501.8.6. MoSRTH Specifications for Road and Bridge works (CP and CP) and worldwide best practices

Near all river water bodies, such as Kathera, Bearma, Suhar river embankment slopes.



Contractor SQC

Deterioration in Surface water quality due to leakage from vehicles and equipments and waste from construction camps.

• No vehicles or equipment should be parked or refuelled near water-bodies, so as to avoid contamination from fuel and lubricants.

• Oil and grease traps and fuelling platforms to be provided at re-fuelling locations.

• All chemicals and oil shall be stored away from water and

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and amendments thereof.

Water bodies, refueling stations, construction camps.

During Construction Stage

Construction cost Monitoring cost as indicated in EMoP

Contractor SQC

110




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


concreted platform with catchment pit for spills collection.

• All equipment operators, drivers, and warehouse personnel will be trained in immediate response for spill containment and eventual cleanup. Readily available, simple to understand and preferably written in the local language emergency response procedure, including reporting, will be provided by the contractors

• Construction camp to be sited away from water bodies.

• Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to approve disposal site only.

• Water quality shall be monitored periodically.

7. Flora and Fauna Vegetation loss

due to site preparation and construction activities and

Plantation Strategy

• Minimize tree cutting to the extent possible.

• Roadside trees to be removed with prior approval of competent authority.

• Compensatory plantation at 1:5 basis and additional plantation as per the IRC guidelines in consultation with Forest Department.

• Regular maintenance of all trees planted.

• Provision of LPG in construction camp as fuel source to avoid tree cutting, wherever possible.

• Plantation of trees on both sides of the road. Integrate vegetation

Forest Conservation Act 1980 + IRC SP: 21 and IRC SP:66

Throughout project corridor

During the design and Construction stage

Indicated above

MPRDC through competent authority

SQC

111




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


management (IVM) with the carriage way completely clear of vegetation. From the edge of the road to the boundary of ROW, vegetation structured with smaller plants near the line and larger trees further away to avoid costly and provide habitats for a wide variety of plants and animals. Additional plantation near river banks to check erosion as part of compensatory plantation.

• In the event of design changes during the construction stages additional assessments including the possibility to save trees shall be made by the EA.

• Road side Plantation Strategy as per IRC specifications including manuring.

• Control use of pesticides/fertilizers

8. Construction Camps Impact associated

with location • All camps should maintain

minimum distance from following:

# 500 m from habitation # 1000 m from forest areas where possible # 500 m from water bodies where possible # 500 m from through traffic route where possible • The average distance between

two camps should be 50 km

Design Requirement

All construction camps During Construction stage


Contractor and EO

SQC

112




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


worker’s Health in construction camp

• The location, layout and basic facility provision of each labor camp will be submitted to SQC prior to their construction. The construction shall commence only after approval of SQC.

• The contractor will maintain necessary living accommodation and ancillary facilities in functional and hygienic manner as approved by the EA.

• Adequate water and sanitary latrines with septic tanks attached to soak pits shall be provided.

• Preventive medical care to be provided to workers including a First-Aid kit that must be available in the camp.

• Waste disposal facilities such as dust bins must be provided in the camps and regular disposal of waste must be carried out .

• The Contractor will take all precautions to protect the workers from insect and pest to reduce the risk to health. This includes the use of insecticides which should comply with local regulations.

• No alcoholic liquor or prohibited drugs will be imported to, sell, give, barter to the workers of host community.

• Awareness raising to immigrant workers/local community on communicable and sexually transmitted diseases.

The Building and Other Construction workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act 1996 and The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and amendments thereof

All construction camps During construction stage

Part of the Contract

Contractor SQC

113




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


8. Management of Construction Waste/Dismantled Debris Selection of

Dumping Sites • Unproductive/wastelands shall

be selected for dumping sites. • Away from residential areas and

water bodies • Dumping sites have adequate

capacity equal to the amount of debris generated.

• Public perception and consent from the village Panchayats has to be obtained before finalizing the location.

Design Requirement and MoSRTH guidelines

At all Dumping Sites Construction

Part of the contract

Contractor. SQC

114




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Reuse and disposal of construction and dismantled waste

• The existing bitumen surface shall be utilized for paving of cross roads, access roads, and paving works in construction sites and camps, temporary traffic diversions, and haulage routes.

• All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, verges, drains, cross drainage will be used for backfilling embankments, filling pits, and landscaping.

• Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed off at pre-designated disposal locations, with approval of the concerned authority. The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in secure landfill sites only in environmentally accepted manner. For removal of debris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed.

• Unusable and surplus materials, as determined by the Project Engineer, will be removed and disposed off-site.

8. Accessibility, Traffic Management, Accident and Safety Risks Design

requirement and Traffic Planning During Construction Stage

• Temporary traffic diversion shall be planned by the contractor and approved by the ‘Engineer’.

• The traffic control plans shall contain details of diversions; traffic safety arrangements during construction; safety measures for nighttime traffic

Design requirement and IRC SP:55

Throughout the project corridor especially at intersections.

During construction stage

Project preparation and construction cost

Contractor SQC

115




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


and precautions for transportation of hazardous materials. Traffic control plans shall be prepared in line with requirements of IRC’s SP 55 document’.

• The Contractor will ensure that the diversion/detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow.

• On stretches where it is not possible to pass the traffic on the part width of existing carriageway, temporary paved diversions will be constructed.

• Restriction of construction activity to only one side of the existing road.

• The contractor shall inform local community of changes to traffic routes, and pedestrian access arrangements with assistance from “Engineer”.

• Use of adequate signages to ensure traffic management and safety. Conduct of regular safety audit on safety measures.

Pedestrians, animal and Vehicular movement,

• All measures for the safety of traffic during construction viz. signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as proposed in the Traffic Control Plan/Drawings shall be taken.

• Temporary access and diversion, with proper drainage facilities.

• Access to the schools, temples and other public places must be maintained when construction

Design requirement and • IRC: SP: 27 -

1984 Report Containing Recommendations of IRC Regional Workshops on Highway Safety

• IRC:SP: 32 -1988 Road Safety for Children (5-12

Near habitation on both sides of schools, temples, hospitals, graveyards, construction sites, haulage roads, diversion sites (refer Table 5.1). Some of the specific locations are: Lakshman Dham (Khujeri), Palar, Ankhera (Bangaon), Luhari, Hata town, Hardua, Ghataria, Sakour (Hinota Kala), Budwar, Gaisabad

Included in construction cost.

Contractor in consultation with Forest department and MPRDC

SQC

116




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


takes place near them. • Fencing wherever cattle

movement is expected. To avoid the need for cattle underpasses, some of the proposed culverts `near habitations may be widened to facilitate cattle movement.

Years Old) • IRC:SP: 44 -1994

Highway Safety Code

• IRC: SP: 55 -2001 Guidelines for Safety in Construction Zones

• The Building and other Construction workers Act 1996 and Cess Act of 1996

• Factories Act 1948

Safety of Workers and accident risk from construction activities

• Contractors to adopt and maintain safe working practices.

• Usage of fluorescent and retroflectory signage, in local language at the construction sites

• Training to workers on safety procedures and precautions.

• Mandatory appointment of safety officer.

• All regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress shall be complied with.

• Provision of PPEs to workers. • Provision of a readily available

first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials.

• The contractor will not employ any person below the age of 14 years for any work

• Use of hazardous material should be minimized and/or restricted.

• Emergency plan (to be approved by engineer) shall be prepared to respond to any accidents or

Construction sites Construction period


Obligation of Contractor

SQC

117




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


emergencies. • Accident Prevention Officer must

be appointed by the contractor. Accident risk to

local community • Restrict access to construction

sites to authorized personnels • Physical separation must be

provided for movement of vehicular and human traffic.

• Adequate signages must be provided for safe traffic movement

Construction sites

9. Common Property Resources and other Utilities Utilities

• All telephone and electrical poles/wires and underground cables should be shifted before start of construction

Project requirement Throughout the corridor Before Construction

Included in construction / R and R cost.

Contractor/SQC

SQC

10. Enhancement Measures Environmental

enhancement along the corridor

• Maintenance of tree plantations.

• Enhancement/rehabilitation of borrow areas and camp sites etc.

Environmental Enhancement as part of project requirement

Throughout the corridor Design and Construction Stage

Construction cost

Contractor SQC

11. Contractor Demobilization

118




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Clean-up Operations, Restoration and Rehabilitation

• Contractor will prepare site restoration plans, which will be approved by the ‘Engineer’. The clean-up and restoration operations are to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization.

• All construction zones including river-beds, culverts, road-side areas, camps, hot mix plant sites, crushers, batching plant sites and any other area used/affected by the project will be left clean and tidy, at the contractor's expense, to the satisfaction of the Environmental officer. All the opened borrow areas will be rehabilitated .and ‘Engineer’ will certify in this regard.

Project requirement Throughout the Corridor and borrow areas

Immediately after Construction

---- Contractor SQC

B. Operation Stage 1. Climate and Air quality

Air pollution due to due to vehicular movement

• Roadside tree plantations shall be maintained.

• Regular maintenance of the road will be done to ensure good surface condition

• Vehicular air pollution will be managed and monitored at the toll plazas.

• Ambient air quality monitoring. If monitored parameters are above the prescribed limit, suitable control measures must be taken.

• Technological and behavioral changes

• Road signs shall be provided reminding the motorist to

Environmental Protection Act, 1986; The Air

(Prevention and Control of Pollution)

Act, 1981

Throughout the Corridor Throughout operation period

Indicated In EMoP

SQC/contractor

119




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


properly maintain their vehicles to economize on fuel consumption and protect the environment.

2. Noise Environment Noise due to

movement of traffic

• Effective traffic management and good riding conditions shall be maintained to reduce the noise level throughout the stretch and speed limitation and honking restrictions may be enforced near sensitive locations.

• The effectiveness of the multilayered plantation should be monitored and if need be, solid noise barrier shall be placed.

• Create awareness amongst the residents about likely noise levels from road operation at different distances, the safe ambient noise limits and easy to implement noise reduction measures while constructing a building close to the road.

Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and amendments thereof

Noise sensitive locations as given in Table 5.1

Throughout operation period

Included in additional plantation cost.

SQC

3. Land and Soil Soil erosion at

embankment during heavy rain fall.

• Periodic checking to be carried to assess the effectiveness of the stabilization measures viz. turfing, stone pitching, river training structures etc.

• Necessary measures to be followed wherever there are failures

Project requirement At bridge locations specifically at Kathera, Bearma, Suhar river and embankment slopes and other probable soil erosion areas.

Throughout operation period

Included in Operation/ Maintenance cost

SQC

4. Water Resources

120




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Contamination of surface water quality due to leakage of oil

• Monitoring of surface water bodies

Near surface Water bodies specifically at Kathera, Bearma, Suhar river

Indicated in EMoP

Siltation • Regular visual checks shall be made to observe any incidence of blockage of drains/culverts. Regular checks shall be made for soil erosion and turfing conditions of river training structures for its effective maintenance.

Water logging due to blockage of streams

• Regular checks shall be done along the alignment to ensure that flow of water is maintained through cross drains and other channels/streams.

• Monitoring of water borne diseases due to stagnant water bodies

Throughout the corridor

Protection of Embankment in Flood prone Areas

• Immediate removal of deposited silt from drainage channels and out-let points. Rejuvenation of the drainage system by removing encroachments/ congestions. This shall be done in close coordination with concerned department.

• Long term strategy to be worked out with water resources, agriculture, soil and other department.

Project requirement Identified Flood prone areas During whole operation stage

Operation and Maintenance Cost

SQC

5. Flora and Fauna

121




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Vegetation • Planted trees, shrubs, and grasses to be properly maintained.

• The tree survivalist audit to be conducted at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness

• Maintenance of box culverts, wherever provided.

Forest Conservation Act 1980

Throughout project section During whole operation period

Indicated in Monitoring cost in EMoP

SQC

6. Flooding/ inundation Road inundation

due to choking of drainage channels

• MPRDC will ensure that all drains (side drains and all cross drainages) are periodically cleared especially before monsoon season to facilitate the quick passage of rainwater and avoid flooding.

Project operation requirement

Throughout the stretch particularly in rolling topography section

During whole operation period

Overall Operation cost

SQC

7. Right-of-Way Maintenance Accident Risk due

to uncontrolled growth of vegetation

• Efforts shall be made to make shoulder completely clear of vegetation.

• Regular maintenance of plantation along the roadside

• Invasive plant not to be planted near the road.

Project requirement Throughout the Project route During whole operation period.

Included in operation/ Maintenance cost

SQC

8. Accidents and Safety Accident risks

associated with traffic movement.

• Traffic control measures, including speed limits, will be enforced strictly.

• Further encroachment and squatting within the ROW will be prevented.

• No school or hospital will be allowed to be established within 100 m of the highway without permission from the planning authorities.

IRC:SP:55 Throughout the Project route During whole operation period.

Included in operation/ Maintenance cost

SQC

122




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


• Monitor/ensure that all safety provisions included in design and construction phase are properly maintained

• Highway patrol unit(s) for round the clock patrolling. Phone booths for accidental reporting and ambulance services with minimum response time for rescue of any accident victims, if possible.

• Tow-away facility for the break down vehicles if possible.

• Coordination with operating agency of intersecting National Highways to have common facilities and share the costs as appropriate if possible.

Transport of Dangerous Goods

• Preparation of spill prevention and control and emergency preparedness and responsive plans based on an analysis of hazards, implementation of presentation and control measures.

• Emergency plan for vehicles carrying hazardous material

Throughout the project stretch Included in operation/ Maintenance cost.

SQC

9. Monitoring Operation Performance Monitoring

Operation Performance

• The MPRDC will monitor the operational performance of the various mitigation/ enhancement measures carried out as a part of the project

• The indicators selected for monitoring include the survival rate of trees; utility of enhancement provision, status of rehabilitation of borrow areas, Air

Throughout the corridor Included in EMoP

SQC

123




Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


quality, water quality, noise levels, soil quality, drainage pattern, etc.

EA: Executing Agency, MPRDC: Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation, SQC: Supervision Quality Controller, EO: Environmental Officer, IRC: Indian Road Congress

124

APPENDIX 7.2: Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators Env.

Indicator Project Stage Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Frequency

and Duration Standards Approximate cost (Rs) Implementation Supervisi

on

Air Quality

Construction stage

SPM, RSPM, SO2,

NOX, CO, HC

High volume sampler to be located 50 m from the plant in the downwind direction. Use method specified by CPCB for analysis

Hot mix plants, stone crushers and construction/ earthwork sites and as suggested by SQC

(Total 6 Locations)

24 hr continuous, 3/year for 3

years

NAAQS 6x5000x3x3 =Rs. 2,70,000

Contractor through approved

monitoring agency

SQC

Operation stage

High volume sampler to be located 50 m from the selected locations in the downwind direction. Use method specified by CPCB for analysis

Major Road Intersections and Residential area

(6 Locations)

24 hr continuous, 3/year for 1

year

NAAQS 6X5000x3X1 =Rs 90,000

SQC through approved monitoring

agency

SQC

Water Quality

Construction stage

Ground water: (IS:

10500:1991) and

Surface water for

Class D and Class E as Prescribed by CPCB and for

vector borne diseases

Grab sample collected from source and analyze as per Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater

Groundwater at Construction Camps/site and Surface water at and downstream of Budhni river and any large pond located close to the alignment being used by local community.

3/year for 3 years CPCB 6x 4000x3X3

=Rs 216, 000

Contractor through approved

monitoring agency

SQC

Operation stage

Groundwater at 2 locations and Surface water sample of river Budhni (downstream of bridge Location) and stagnant water bodies developed due to borrow areas

3/year for 1 year CPCB 6X3x4000

=Rs 72, 000

EO through approved monitoring

agency

SQC

Siltation in Water Bodies

Construction Visual Checks for presence of

construction debris/waste and blockade of drainage channels

All rivers/streams/drainage channels and major water bodies along the stretch

Once during rainy seasons

of the construction

period.

Guidelines from water resources

department

Routine work of Engineering

Team Contractor SQC

125

Env. Indicator

Project Stage Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Frequency


on

Operation Once during operation of

1st year

Guidelines from water resources

department

Routine work of Engineering

Team

EO, with support of Water Resource

Department

SQC

Noise levels

Construction stage Equivalent

Noise levels on dB (A)

scale for day and night

Free field at 1 m from the equipment whose noise levels are being determined.

Construction sites, major road intersections and 1 each at residential, commercial and sensitive locations along the alignment.

(10 Locations)

24 hr continuous, 3*/year for 3

years

MoEF

10x1500x3x3 =Rs. 1,35,000

SQC SQC

Operation stage

Equivalent Noise levels using an integrated noise level meter kept at a distance of 15 m from edge of Pavement

Near residential, commercial and silence zone.

(6 Locations)

3 / year for 1 year

6x3000x3X1 =Rs 54, 000 SQC SQC

Soil Quality

Construction Stage

NPK (ICAR standard ) and heavy metals for dredging

sites

As specified by the site engineer MPRDC/SQC

agricultural land and HMP sites

Once during whole

construction stage

CPCB and NPK as per

ICAR standard

12,000 SQC SQC

Operation stage

Oil and grease

At oil spillage locations and other probable soil contamination location

Once for the first year of operation

CPCB 12,000 SQC SQC

Soil Erosion

Construction Stage Visual check

for Soil erosion and

siltation

Throughout the project corridor especially at River banks, bridge locations structures

After first rain Visual Checks

Part of routine action of

engineering team

Contractor BSRDCL

Operation Stage

Once during operation of

1st year

Visual Checks


engineering team

Engineering Team of MPRDC

Drainage Congesti

on

Construction stage Visual Checks

Throughout the Project Corridor especially at probable drainage congestion areas as described in IEE

Once in a year before

rainy season

None Specific


engineering team

Contractor’s Engineering Team SQC

126

Env. Indicator

Project Stage Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Frequency


on

Operation Stage

Once in a year before

rainy season for 3 yrs

None Specific


engineering team

MPRDC Engineering Team

Borrow Areas

Construction Stage

Visual Checks

Identification of borrow areas as per IEE

Borrow areas to be operated Once in a month

IRC guidelines and Best Practices for Borrow

area operation

Part of the Contract

Contractor with approval from

MPRDC SQC

Operation Stage

Visual Checks

Rehabilitation as recommended in IEE Closed Borrow Areas Quarterly for 1

year

Borrow Area

rehabilitation Plan

MPRDC

Construction

Sites and Labour Camp

Construction stage

Storage Area,

Construction Sites for Hygiene, drainage Medical Facilities

Etc.

Rapid audit as per reporting format Construction Sites and Camp

Quarterly during

construction period

IRC guidelines and to the

satisfaction of SQC

Part of the regular

monitoring

Contractor with approval from E.O., MPRDC

SQC

Tree

Plantation

Construction Stage

Surveillance monitoring of trees felling

Throughout the Project Section

During site clearance in construction

phase As suggested by Forest

Dept.

Included in overall

plantation Cost

SQC/Local Forest Departments

Operation stage

Audit for survival rate of trees plantation

Throughout the Project Section

Once in a year for years

The Engineer will be responsible for monitoring upto

the Defect Liability Period in any particular stretch. After this

period the SQC will be responsible for monitoring

Monitoring Costs: INR 0.86 Million MPRDC – Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation Limited, EO: Environmental Officer, SQC-Supervision Quality Controller; IS - India standard; NOx - Nitrogen Oxide; Pb - Plumbum, (lead); RPM - Respirable Particulate Matter; SO2 - Sulfur Dioxide; SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter, HC- Hydrocarbon, CO- Carbon monoxide

environmental assessment report...4. the proposed upgrading/rehabilitation of the state highway-47...

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