environmental impact assessment environmental management...

Environmental Impact Assessment

&

Environmental Management Plan

For

Bhatin Mine

URANIUM CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD. (A Govt. of India Enterprise)

An ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 & IS 18001:2007 Company P.O. Jaduguda Mines, Dist. - Singhbhum (East)

Jharkhand – 832 102

Prepared By

Environmental Management Group CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF MINING & FUEL RESEARCH

(Council of Scientific & Industrial Research) Barwa Road, Dhanbad – 826 015 (Jharkhand)

December 2010


&


For

Bhatin Mine

Sponsored By

Uranium Corporation of India Ltd. (A Govt. of India Enterprises)



Prepared By

Environmental Management Group Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research


December 2010

i

CONTENTS

Section Title Page No.

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of the Report 01 1.2 Objective of the Report 01 1.3 Identification of Project and Project Proponent 02 1.4 Brief Description of the Project and its Importance 02 1.5 Scope of the Study 03 1.6 Methodology for EIA Study 03

CHAPTER 2 - PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Type of Project 05 2.2 Need of the Project 05 2.3 Location and Accessibility 05 2.4 Size of Operation 07 2.5 Schedules of Production 07 2.6 Life of Mine 07 2.7 Geology 08 2.8 Use of Mineral 14 2.9 Mining 15

2.10 Power and Fuel Requirement 22 2.11 Water Requirement 22 2.12 Auxiliary Facility 23 2.13 Manpower 23

CHAPTER 3 - PRESENT BASELINE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Baseline Environmental Studies 25 3.2 Scope of Baseline Environmental Studies 25 3.3 Description of Present Environmental Status 27

CHAPTER 4 - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION

MEASURES

4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment 97 4.2 Screening and Scoping of Environmental Impact 97 4.3 Mitigative Measures and Pollution Control 109 4.4 Mine Closure & Decommission Plan 126

ii


4.5 Conclusion 127 CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 Technological Alternatives 129 5.2 Site Options 129

CHAPTER 6 - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.1 Scope of Environmental Monitoring Program 130 6.2 Methodology of Monitoring Mechanism 130 6.3 Monitoring Plan 132 6.4 Reporting Schedules of Monitored Data 136 6.5 Budget Provision for EMP Implementation

& Monitoring 136 CHAPTER 7 - RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan 137 7.2 Identification of Hazards 137 7.3 Disaster Management Plan 140

CHAPTER 8 - PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure 143 8.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure 144 8.3 Community Development Program 144 8.4 Other Tangible Benefits 148

CHAPTER 9- ENVIROMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND POST PROJECT

MONITORING

9.1 Introduction 149 9.2 Activities of Environmental Management System 151 9.3 Duties of EMC 152 9.4 Laboratory Facility and Equipment 153 9.5 Environmental Auditing 155 9.6 Post Project Monitoring 155

CHAPTER 10 -SUMMARY& CONCLUSION

10.1 Project Description 156 10.2 Description of Present Environmental Status 157 10.3 Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures 161

iii


10.4 Environmental Monitoring Program 167 10.5 Projects Benefits 167 10.6 Environmental Management Plan 168 10.7 Conclusions 168

CHAPTER 11- CONSULTANTS FOR EIA / EMP PREPARATION

11.1 Name of the Consultants 169

iv

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page No.

2.1(a) Location and Accessibility Map of Bhatin Complex 06

2.1(b) Location and Accessibility Map of Bhatin Complex (in Toposheet)

06

2.2 Geological Map Showing Singhbhum Shear Zone 10

2.3 Geological section of Bhatin Mine 11

2.4 Drainage Network within 10km of Bhatin Mine Lease 13

2.5 Section of cut & fill method of mining of Bhatin Mine 16

2.6 Transverse section of mine along W400 winze 17

2.7 Flow diagram of pumping arrangements in Bhatin Mine 20

2.8 Water Balance of Bhatin 24

3.1 Wind Rose Diagram for Day Time in Winter Season 29

3.2 Wind Rose Diagram for Night Time in Winter Season 30

3.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations 32

3.4 Water Sampling Points 43

3.5 Water Level Contour During Pre-Monsoon Period 53

3.6 Water Level Contour During Post-Monsoon Period 53

3.7 Noise Sampling Locations 56

3.8 Landuse Pattern of Lease Area 59

3.9 Landuse Pattern within 10 km radius of lease boundary 60

3.10 Soil Sampling Location 62

3.11 Radiological Exposure (Global Average) 67

3.12 Average Annual Radiation Dose 68

3.13 Soil Texture Map of East Singhbhum District 74

3.14 Forest Cover Map of East Singhbhum District 75

v

Figure No. Title Page No.

4.1 Location of Bhatin Sub-watershed 101

4.2 Details of Ground Water Recharge Filter 112

4.3 Rain water harvesting of Bhatin Mine (Section) 113

4.4 Variation in Radon Concentration in Bhatin Mine (Dist. Wise) 120

6.1 Radiological Monitoring Locations 131

6.2 Water and Air Quality Monitoring Locations around Bhatin 132

9.1 Organizational Structure of Environmental Management System 152

vi

LIST OF SLIDES

Sl. No.

Title Page No.

4.1 Plantation/Green Belt in & around Bhatin Mine 128

8.1 Infrastructure Development for Connecting the Villages 143

8.2 Medical Camps around the Bhatin Mine Villages 145

8.3 Self Employment Activities by Bhatin Village Women’s 146

8.4 Vocational Training for Men at Narwapahar & Jaduguda 147

8.5 Sports Activities in the Surrounding Villages 147

8.6 Tangible Benefits from the Project 148

vii

LIST OF DRAWINGS

Sr. No.

Title Drawing No.

01 Mining Lease Plan of Bhatin Mines UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/2.1

02 Surface Layout Plan UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/2.2

03 Longitudinal Section of Bhatin Mine UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/2.3

04 Progressive Mine Reclamation at the Present Position UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/4.1

05 Progressive Mine Reclamation at the end of first year UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/4.2

06 Progressive Mine Reclamation at the end of second year UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/4.3

07 Progressive Mine Reclamation at the end of third year UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/4.4

08 Progressive Mine Reclamation at the end of fourth year UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/4.5

09 Progressive Mine Reclamation at the end of fifth year UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/4.6

10 Progressive Mine Reclamation at the end of tenth year UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/4.7

11 Progressive Mine Reclamation at the end of twentieth year UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/4.8

12 Progressive Mine Reclamation at the end of mine life UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/4.9

13 Surface layout plan at the end of mine life UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/4.10

viii

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

No.

2.1 Land schedule of lease area 07

2.2 Proposed production of Bhatin Mines for next five-years 07

2.3 Information on site elevation, working depth & ground water table

12

2.4 Mineralogical composition of ore 14

2.5 Details of winders and hoisting system 17

2.6 Details of magazine 18

2.7 Sump details 20

2.8 Water pumping details 20

2.9 List of equipment engaged in Bhatin mine 21

2.10 Compressor details 21

2.11 Power consumption in Bhatin mine 22

2.12 Water Requirement for the Bhatin mine 23

3.1 Average monthly meteorological data of the study area 28

3.2 Wind frequency distribution during winter season (day) 29

3.3 Wind frequency distribution during winter season (night) 30

3.4 Details of sampling locations 31

3.5 Methodology and instrument used for air quality analysis 33

3.6 Ambient air quality in core zone - Bhatin mine 34

3.7 Ambient air quality in core zone - Bhatin colony 35

3.8 Ambient air quality in buffer zone - Bhatin village 36

3.9 Ambient air quality in buffer zone – Jaduguda, near HPU 37

3.10 Ambient air quality in buffer zone – Hartopa village 38

3.11 Ambient air quality in buffer zone - Kalikapur village 39

3.12 National ambient air quality standards 40

3.13 Dust fall rates measured during the monitoring period 41

3.14 Details of water quality monitoring stations 42

3.15 Ground water quality of the study area 44

3.16 Surface water quality of the study area 45

3.17 Bhatin mine water quality 46

3.18 Test characteristics for drinking water as per IS: 10500 47

ix

3.19 Classification of inland surface water, CPCB standard 50

3.20 Ground water level fluctuation in core & buffer zone of lease area (pre & post monsoon)

52

3.21 Noise level in the study area 54

3.22 Ambient noise standard 55

3.23 Exposure limit for different noise levels 55

3.24 Landuse pattern of lease area (core zone) 57

3.25 Landuse pattern of study area 58

3.26 Physico-chemical properties of soil 63

3.27 Rating chart for soil test value in India 65

3.28 Relation between conductivity and total soluble solid content

65

3.29 Gamma level and 222Rn in and around Bhatin 69

3.30 Annual gamma exposure using (TLD) 70

3.31 Concentration of U (nat) & 226Ra in surface water around Bhatin

70

3.32 Mean concentration of U(nat) and 226Ra in ground water 71

3.33 Mean concentration of U(nat) and 226Ra in soil samples 72

3.34 Prominent flora species in the buffer zone area 76

3.35 List of fauna in buffer zone area 78

3.36 List of flora in core zone area 81

3.37 List of fauna in core zone area 82

3.38 Characterization of fauna in the study area w.r.t. Wild Life Protection Act, 1972

84

3.39 Characterization of fauna in the study area as per their conservation status and Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

85

3.40 Basic amenities in study area 90

3.41 Demographic details of the study area: Bhatin 94

4.1 Ambiant air quality of Bhatin Mine 99

4.2 Concentration of U (nat) & 226Ra in surface water around Bhatin

100

4.3 Concentration of U(nat) and 226Ra in ground water 100

4.4 Annual water balance of the sub-watershed of study area

102

4.5 Summary of the water potential estimation 104

4.6 Stage-wise land reclamation of lease area (ha) 105

4.7 Conceptual landuse plan of lease area 105

x

4.8 Mean concentration of U(nat) and 226Ra in soil samples 106

4.9 Requirement of plant for afforestation 114

4.10 Radon concentration in mine exhaust 119

4.11 Number of persons examined in each village sexwise distribution

121

4.12 Population distribution 122

4.13 Disease wise break-up 122

6.1 National Ambient Air Quality standards 133

6.2 Standards for radiological parameters 134

6.3 Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise 134

6.4 Annual recurring cost for environmental protection measures

136

9.1 Important records to be maintained by EMC 153

9.2 List of equipment, accessory & consumable 154

xi

Point wise compliance of TOR received from MoEF vide Letter No: J-11015/45/2008-IA II(M) dated 25th January 2008

Sr. No.

TOR Condition Compliance

1.

Two separate proposals shall be submitted namely, (1)

Jaduguda mine and ore processing plant and (2) Bhatin mine. The total lease hold should be split into two mine

leases in accordance with the corresponding approved mine

plans.

Refer: Clause: 2.4.1 of

Chapter 2 Approved mine plan

from AMD shall be

submitted.

2. The study area will comprise of 10 km zone around the

mine lease from lease periphery. Refer: Clause 3.2.1 of

Chapter 3

3.

Land use of the study area delineating forest area agricultural land, grazing land, wildlife sanctuary and

national park, migratory routes of fauna, water bodies,

human settlements and other ecological features.

Refer: Clause 3.3.4.1

of Chapter 3

4. Land use plan of the mine lease area should be prepared to

encompass pre operational, operational and post operational

phases.

Refer: Clause 4.2.2.4

of Chapter 4

5.

Location of National parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves,

Wildlife corridors, Tiger/Elephant reserves (existing as well

as proposed), if any, within 10 km of the mine lease should be clearly indicated. A location map duly authenticated by

Chief Wildlife Warden should also be provided in this regard.

Necessary clearance, if any, as may be applicable to such projects due to proximity of the ecologically sensitive areas as mentioned above should be obtained from the State

Wildlife Department/ Chief Wildlife Warden under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and copy furnished.

Not applicable

6.

A detailed biological study for the study area [core zone and

buffer zone (10 km radius of the periphery of the mine lease)] shall be carried out. Details of flora and fauna, duly

authenticated, separately for core and buffer zone should be

furnished based on field survey clearly indicating the schedule of the fauna present. In case of and scheduled-I

fauna found in the study area, the necessary plan for their

conservation should be prepared in consultation with state forest and wildlife department and details furnished.

Necessary allocation of funds for implementing the same should be made as part of the project cost.

Refer: Clause 3.3.7 of Chapter 3

xii

Sr. No.


7. R & R plan/ compensation details for the project affected

people, if any. Not applicable

8.

Collection of one season (non-monsoon) primary baseline data on ambient quality, water quality, noise level, soil and

flora & fauna. Site specific meteorological data should also

be collected. The location of the monitoring stations should be justified. Date wise collected baseline AAQ data should form part of EIA and EMP report.

Refer: Clause 3.3 of

Chapter 3

9.

Air quality modelling should be carried out for prediction of impact of the project on the air quality of the area. It should

also take into account the impact of movement of vehicles

for transportation of mineral. The details of the model used and input parameters used for modelling should be

provided. The air quality contours may be shown on a

location map clearly indicating the location of the site, location of sensitive receptors, if any and the habitation.

The wind roses showing pre-dominant wind direction may

also be indicated on the map.

Not applicable

10.

The water requirement for the project, its availability and

source to be furnished. A detailed water balance should also

be provided. Fresh water requirement for the project should also be indicated.


Chapter 2

11. Necessary clearance from the competent authority for drawl

of requisite quantity of water for the project should be provided.

Not applicable

12. Details of water conservation measures proposed to be

adopted in the project. Refer: Clause 4.3.3 of

Chapter 4

13.

Monitoring of the baseline water quality data (surface water

and ground water). For the river quality, the data should be obtained both upstream and down stream of the project.

The available time series data should also be provided.

Refer: Clause 3.3.2 and Clause 3.3 of

Chapter 3

14. The soil quality data presented showed acidic in nature. This may, be rechecked and explained in the EIA and EMP

report.

Refer: Clause 3.3.5 of

Chapter 3

15. Subsidence study should be undertaken and details

furnished. Refer: Clause 4.4.4 of

Chapter 4

16. Impact of the project on the water quality both surface and Refer: Clause 4.2.2.3

xiii

Sr. No.


groundwater should be assessed and necessary safeguard

measures if any required should be provided. of Chapter 4

17.

Impact of discharge of treated effluents in to the Gara nallah particularly in terms of the radio nuclides. Details of

the users of water downstream of the discharge point

should also be provided.

Not applicable

18. A detailed hydro-geological study showing the impact of the

project on groundwater regime should be provided. Refer: Clause 4.2.2.3B

of Chapter 4

19. Details of rain water harvesting proposed, if any, in the project to be provided.


20. Information on site elevation, working depth, groundwater

table should be provided both in AMSL and bgl. A schematic diagram may also be provided for the same.


21. Quantity of solid waste generation to be estimated and details for its disposal and management is provided.


22.

Details of the tailing pond including its design, capacity, life,

nature of lining if any leaching into groundwater, if any etc, issues relating to transportation and management of tailings

should also be addressed.

Not applicable

23. The reclamation plan, post mine, land use and progressive greenbelt development plan shall be prepared in tabular

form (prescribed format) and submitted.


Chapter 4

24. Examine the possibility of transport of mineral by conveyor system and details in this regard should be provided.

Refer: Clause 4.2.2.1 of Chapter 4

25.

Impact on local transport infrastructure due to the project. Projected increase in truck traffic as a result of the project in

the present road network (including those outside the project area) and whether it is capable of handling the

increased load. Arrangement for improving the infrastructure, if contemplated including action to be taken

by other agencies such as State Government if any should

be covered.

Not applicable

26. Details of the infrastructure facilities to be provided for the

mine workers. Refer: Clause 2.12 of

Chapter 2

27.

Conceptual post mine land use and Reclamation and

Rehabilitation of mined out area (with plans and with

adequate number of sections). Rehabilitation of the tailing pond area at the end of its life should also be covered.


Chapter 4

xiv

Sr. No.


28.

Phase-wise plan of greenbelt development, plantation and

compensatory afforestation clearly indicating the area to be

covered under plantation and the species to be planted. The details of plantation already done should be given.


Chapter 4

29. Occupational health impact of the project. Details of pre-

placement medical examination and periodical medical examination schedules should be incorporated in the EMP.


Chapter 4

30. Measures of socio economic influence to be local community proposed to be provided by project proponent. As far as possible, quantitative dimension to be given.

Refer: Chapter 8

31. Energy consumption pattern and the steps taken if any, for energy conservation.

Energy conservation

measures adopted at various stage of

operations

32.

Detailed environmental management plan to mitigate the environmental impacts of the project. Disaster management

plan to address the tailing dam breach scenario should also

be prepared.


Chapter 7

33. Public hearing points raised and commitment of the project

proponent on the same along with time bound action plan

to implement the same.

Will be submitted after

public hearing

34. Any litigation pending against the project and /or any

direction /order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof.

Not applicable

Executive Summary


&


For

Bhatin Mine

Sponsored By

Uranium Corporation of India Ltd. (A Govt. of India Enterprises)



Prepared By

Environmental Management Group Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research


December 2010

EIA/EMP report for Bhatin Mine of Uranium Corporation of India Limited

EMG, CIMFR Dhanbad 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), a Government of India undertaking under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) has the sole responsibility of mining and processing of uranium ore in India. At present UCIL is engaged for mining at Jaduguda Mine, Bhatin Mine, Turamdih Mine, Narwapahar Mine, Bagjata Mine & Banduhurang Open Cast Mine and ore processing at Jaduguda and Turamdih in the East Singhbhum District of Jharkhand state to produce U3O8 (yellow cake). In order to cater the growing demand of U3O8 in the country, UCIL has planned to renew the mining lease of Bhatin to exploit the techno-commercial viable deposits at Mohuldih in Jharkhand, Lambapur-Paddagattu and Tummalapalle in Andhra Pradesh and KPM project in Meghalaya. Strategically important mineral U3O8 is characterized as per prescribed substance in the Atomic Energy Act, 1962. Operation of Bhatin Mines has strategic importance for national interest to cater the need of uranium supply in country. Additional quantity of uranium is required for enhancing the nuclear power generation capacity of 4120 MW to 10180 MW by the end of XI Plan period. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report is intended to renew the mining lease of Bhatin Mine. The lease area of Bhatin Mine is 142.98 ha under village of Bhatin which is part of contiguous lease of Jaduguda & Bhatin complex of 531.21 ha (1312.62 acres). However these mines are being separated by distance of about 4 km and having separate mines plan. Accordingly these mines are considered by MoEF as two independent proposals for renewal of combined mine lease of 531.21 ha (1312.62 acres). The present Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared in accordance with stipulations of Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India and “Terms of Reference” (TOR) received from MoEF vide their letter No. J-11015/45/2008-IA.II/M dated 25th January 2008. UCIL commissioned Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research (CIMFR), Dhanbad for carrying out environmental baseline status, preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) report for the project. The report has been prepared on the basis of baseline environmental data monitored during the period from December 2007 to March 2008 representing winter season. Time series data for various parameters has been furnished since 2004 to 2010. Bhatin Uranium deposit is located in the Dhalbhum subdivision of East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. Mine lease is located at Latitude 22o 39’ 25” N to 22o 40’ 20” N and longitude 86o 19’ 20” E to 86o 20’ 25” E is covered by Survey of India toposheet no. 73J/6 on R.F. 1:50,000 (1978). The national highways NH-33 pass through North-East direction of Bhatin Mine at distance of 10 km. The South Eastern railway passes through the region. The nearest railway station is Rakha Mines at a distance of 5 km and nearest Junction is Tatanagar station at about 22 km.



The installed capacity of Bhatin Mine is 250 TPD ore. Uranium ore from Bhatin is transported to Jaduguda Ore Processing Plant through covered truck. Life of Bhatin mine is expected about 29 years. The ore body at Bhatin is lenticular and explored up to the depth of 600 meter from surface. The strike length of the ore body near surface is about 1000 meter with average thickness of 3 m and average dip of 40o. The horizontal Cut & Fill method is followed for ore extraction. Present working depth of mine is about 181m and the deepest point is 205m from the surface. Adequate ventilation and pumping facility have been provided. Quantity of mine water discharge is about 100 m3/day. The power consumption for the mine is approx 1 MVA. Source of power is JSEB which is received at Main Receiving Station (MRS) of Jaduguda. Diesel consumption at mine is negligible @ 12 l/day. Emergency power is taken from Jaduguda ore process plant for principle machines in mine. Water demand for the Bhatin mine is 110 m3/d, which is received from Water Treatment Plant of Jaduguda. The mine is having maintenance workshop, central stores, telecommunication network, rest center, canteen and adequate fire fighting arrangements. Manpower presently engaged in the Bhatin mine is 196 persons. No additional manpower is required for the expansion (lease renewal). There is no capital investment is required. 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 2.1 Physiography and Drainage The present study area is undulating with small hillocks and vegetative cover. The ground level elevation of the site varies between 125 – 255 mRL with peak at the 255 mRL. General ground level gradually slopes towards the NE. The natural drainage system is distinct due to hilly topography and well defined gradients in parts of the study area. The area is drained by the Gara Nalla, which flow towards North Eastern part of the lease area and joined the Subarnarekha River near Digri Ashram. Major part of the area has dendritic drainage pattern. 2.2 Climate and Meteorology The study area lies in tropical region with very hot summers and cold winters. Summer temperature shoots up to 44 oC while winter temperature falls down upto 5°C in the night. The average annual relative humidity is about 56%. Major rainfall occurs by south-west monsoon. The maximum 24 hours rainfall recorded in this region is 390 mm in 17th July 2008. The average annual rainfall in the area is reported to be 1168 mm. The wind speed of the area varies from calm to 9.60 km/hr. The overall predominant wind direction in the area is W (west). 2.3 Air Quality Monitoring of ambient air quality (AAQ) was conducted at six (6) stations within the study area. Two locations within core zone at Bhatin mine & Bhatin colony and four locations within buffer zone were selected at Bhatin village (<0.5 km), Jaduguda near HPU (<5 km),



Hartopa village (>5.0 km) & Kalikapur village (>5.0 km). The parameters monitored are Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Dust fall rate. Monitoring of ambient air quality was carried out for one full season (winter) twice a week at all the stations along with 24 hourly samples. Dust fall at each AAQ stations was measured as monthly average during the monitoring period.

Ambient air quality of core zone show that the SPM values ranges from 105 g/m3 to 205 g/m3 and RPM (PM10) values vary from 49 g/m3 to 89 g/m3. SO2 and NOx values vary as <10 g/m3 to 14 g/m3 & <10 g/m3 to 18 g/m3 respectively. In buffer zone, SPM value ranges from 96 g/m3 to 261 g/m3. The RPM (PM10) value ranges from 35 g/m3 to 98 g/m3. SO2 and NOx ranges from <10 g/m3 to 17 g/m3 and <10 g/m3 to 32 g/m3 respectively. All values are within permissible limits of National Ambient Air Quality Standards-2009. Dust fall rates vary from 0.33 to 0.48 g/m2/d. Noise measurement was carried out at six (6) locations on hourly basis. The existing noise level in the core zone varies from 60 to 65.4 dB (A). All values are within the corresponding threshold value of the prescribed norm.

2.4 Water Resources and Quality Ground water levels in open wells in pre-monsoon seasons vary from 4.0 m to 18 m below ground level and it ranges 1 m to 17 m in the post-monsoon season. Total 30 wells were selected as observation points in the study area for measuring the water level. Ground water table found to be 2.1 m-11.2m bgl. Average water level fluctuation of the area is 4.45m. The hydrological parameters were calculated on the basis of 20 years average rainfall data which is 1278 mm. About 15% of the rainfall water becomes part of ground water recharge, rest 22% is lost as the surface and sub-surface runoff, and 63% is lost through evapo-transpiration. The value of Total Annual Replenishable Recharge (TARR) is 0.9078 million m3/year.

Water quality monitoring was carried out at ten (10) stations which include four ground water, five surface water and one mine water sample. In general, the measured values are found within the permissible limit of drinking water standards except Lead, iron and aluminium which shows higher background concentration in ground water irrespective of hydro-geological boundaries. The surface water quality was found useful for drinking water after conventional treatment followed by disinfection. There is no discharge of water to environment from Bhatin mine.

2.5 Land Use Pattern

The lease area is comprised of agricultural / fallow land which is 56.25 % followed by forest (38.25 %) area. Other classes are waste Land (2.90 %), industrial establishments (1.20 %), Plantation/green belt (0.70 %), settlement (0.11 %) and water bodies (0.70 %). The dominant class of landuse within study area is agricultural / fallow land (60.65%) followed by forest area (21.43 %). Beside this the other are Open Scrub / Open land (9.0%), Tailings Pond (0.28 %), settlement (4.24 %), Vegetation (1.77%), water bodies (2.51%). There is no



National Park, Sanctuary, Biosphere reserves, Wildlife Corridor, Tiger/Elephant reserves and monument within in the study area.

2.6 Soil Environment

Five soil samples have been analyzed within study area of barren land, agricultural field and forest soil. Analysis of soil samples reveals that there is no wide variation in the natural material. Particle size analysis shows that the texture of the soil is of sandy loam in nature. The bulk density was found to vary from 1.10 to 1.43 g/cm3 showing compactness while moisture content ranged from 4.14 % to 7.28 %. All the samples showed moderate water holding capacity ranging from 47 to 56 %. Further soil of all the samples was found slightly acidic in nature. The values of EC ranged from 0.08 mmoh/cm to 0.29 mmoh/cm which suggests that total soluble solid concentration is in the normal range. Low Organic carbon concentration were found in all the samples. Available phosphorus and potassium have been found in medium range.

2.7 Radio-activity Aspects

Site specific baseline data has been collected from Environmental Surveillance laboratory of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Jaduguda. The γ-radiation and atmospheric radon concentration in and around Bhatin mine varies from 0.03 to 0.66 µGy/ h and 5.0 to 113 Bq/m3 respectively. Cumulative gamma exposure levels are measured using environmental TLDs at locations within mine premises and surrounding villages, which varies from 1483 to 1637 µGy in mines and 701 to 1396 µGy in the surrounding environment. It would be worth to mention that there is widespread uranium mineralization in this region leading to considerable variation in the background. The average radon concentration in Bhatin mines exhaust varies from 1.87 to 2.44 kBq/m3 from year 2005 to 2010. Exhaust is not in public domain.

The mean U(nat) and 226Ra values in surface water around Bhatin of last five years shows that it vary from 0.6 µg/l to 9.4 µg/l and 1.3 mBq/l to 25 mBq/l respectively. Ground water samples were collected from adjoining areas of Bhatin mines at various distance within <0.5 km, 0.5 km to 5.0 km and > 5.0 km. The mean U(nat) and 226Ra values of last five years shows that it vary from 0.5 µg/l to 5.2 µg/l and 3.5 mBq/l to 10.6 mBq/l respectively. Variation in concentration of radionuclides may be attributed to local geological features and seasonal changes. However all values are well within the drinking water concentration limits prescribed by national regulatory agency (60 µg/l & 300 mBq/l).

Representative soil samples were collected from study area at distance of <0.5 km, 0.5 km to 5.0 km and > 5.0 km. Analysis of time series data of five years revealed that the U(nat) and 226Ra values vary from 0.62 mg/kg to 4.4 mg/kg & 11 Bq/kg to 35.5 Bq/kg respectively. variation in U(nat) and 226Ra levels is attributed to natural background of the uranium mineralized areas.

2.8 Biological Environment

Characteristic forest type of the area, distributed along the topography are mainly Tropical moist and dry deciduous. These areas are characterized with the presence of moist peninsular



valley sal forest moist mixed deciduous forest and moderate shrub growth. Top canopy in these areas were dominated by Shorea robusta, Salmalia malabarica in association with Terminalia tomentosa, Adina cordifolia, Pterocarpous marsupium, Madhuca indica, Emblica officinalis etc. Main associates in the second story tree are Syzygium cumini and Ficus spp, Kydia calicina, Mallotus philippensis and Polyalthia ceracoides, Anogisus latifolia, Boswellia serrata, Buchanania lanzana, Aegle marmelose and Butea Monosperma etc. Bamboo community is represented by Dendrocalamus strictus in patches. Woodfordia fruticosa is the most frequent shrub in this forest type along with Phoenix acaulis. Primates are common faunal species of the forest surrounding the study area. Snakes and lizards are quite common. Wild species occasionally reported in the buffer zone are wild boar, jungle cat, black napped hare, squirrel, jackals and porcupines etc. Amongst birds the bulbul, white-breasted kingfisher, magpie robin, spotted dove, mayna, and jungle bubbler are prominent. Amongst reptiles, several poisonous snakes like cobra, viper, krait and non-poisonous snakes (like python, boa, rat snakes, green whip, Bronze backed tree snake, etc) are abundant in this area. The garden and monitor lizards are also seen. Variety of butterflies (like common grass yellow/ common jezebel) and insects (such as beetles, spiders, red ants, and flies) are spotted in abundance in the study zone. 2.9 Socio-Economic Status Sample survey for sixty one villages in the study area was conducted for assessment of socio-economic condition. Parameters selected were medical facilities, electricity, drinking water facility, educational facility, public transport, post and telegraph office, bank and entertainment facilities etc. Most of the houses are kuchha. No higher education facility is available in the study area. The health facility is not satisfactory in the study area except at Jaduguda and Narwapahar where good medical facility is available at UCIL. Medical facility is provided by UCIL in core and adjoining area. In most of the villages, the connecting road is kuchha. Households in the study area are either using firewood or coal as fuel. Drinking water facility is a problem to the local people in buffer zone. However existence of UCIL has facilitated the overall improvement of socio-economic status of the area. This project will further improve the quality of life of the people residing in the area. 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES Site selection is not applicable in the present context with respect to site-specific project of Bhatin mine. 3.1 Ambient Air Quality Since the mining activity is primarily restricted to underground, there is no significant impact on ambient air quality due to mining. The existing background level of dust and gaseous pollutants, as indicated by the baseline data are within the permissible limits, the lease renewal of Bhatin mine is unlikely to cause any significant impact on ambient air quality. Dust is controlled by adopting effective water spraying in underground working as well as at ore loading / unloading point at surface. Plantation within the mine premises and proper maintenance of vehicles control the emission. Trucks carrying ore is covered with sheet.



3.2 Noise Level The ambient noise level indicates that the values are within the prescribed limit. The proposed lease renewal will not contribute to additional noise level. Plantation has developed all around the boundary which mitigates the propagation of noise. PPE are being used in noisy area. 3.3 Water Environment No groundwater is being extracted for the project. However, mine water is discharged from underground during mining operation. In order to calculate the water potential and impact of mining activity, hydrogeological study has been conducted. Total annual replenishable recharge (TARR) is evaluated as 0.9078 million m3/year while total annual draft from the sub-water shed area is 0.1164 million m3/year. The net ground water availability is 0.7983 million m3/year. Study revealed that stage of ground water development is only 12.82 % and hence there is no dearth of water availability in the area. Mining operations have no impact on water resources. However as water conservation practice, rain water harvesting scheme has been implemented. The main source of wastewater generation from the mine is underground discharge. Total wastewater generation from mine is 100 m3/day, which is pumped to Jaduguda through closed conduits for treatment and reused in industrial operations. No wastewater is discharged to environment from mine. Total water required for mine is 110 m3/day, which is utilized in drinking & pit-head bath (25m3/day), dust suppression (40 m3/day), stowing makeup (15m3/day), plantation (5m3/day) and domestic consumption at Bhatin colony (10m3/day). 15 m3/day water is supplied to the public outside the mine boundary. Sewage from mine and colony is treated in septic tank followed by soak pit. Quantity of wastewater will remain the same after lease renewal. The existing background level of water quality as indicated by the baseline data revealed that impact on water environment will be insignificant due lease renewal, with continuing present environmental management plan.

3.4 Topography and Landuse Alteration Bhatin mine is an underground mine and hence alteration of the surface topography is not expected. At the end of mining, a landscape with predominance of forest land shall emerge. As there will not be any expansion work at the existing establishment, change in topography is not envisaged. Storm water from the lease area flows into seasonal drainage channels, which ultimately drain into Gara river, adjacent to east of the lease area. No alteration of drainage pattern of the area is envisaged. Plantation has been developed around the project at about 1.0 ha of acquired area. About 1.2 ha of forest area has been re-vegetated. Total 1500 no. of plantation is done. The common species planted are saal, aksiya, khaira, mango, kadam etc. The overlying rock is competent enough to withstand the induced stress, no surface subsidence is anticipated. Soil erosion control measures has been adopted by controlling storm water through pucca drain and good landscaping.



3.5 Soil Environment

Since Bhatin is developed and running underground mines, there will be no net loss of soil during the operation of mine. Contamination of soil quality, to some extent, is possible in the core zone near workshop & garage area for which adequate mitigating measures have been taken. In spite of these, no significant impact on soil quality has been observed. U(nat) and 226Ra concentration in soil around Bhatin are within the normal range. The global variation in concentration of uranium in soil ranges from 0.7 to 11 ppm (up to 15 ppm in farmland soil due to use of phosphate fertilizers has also been observed). Value shows that variations are in normal range. 3.6 Flora and Fauna Underground mining lease area covers about 54.53 ha forest area which have been protected and undisturbed. The existing level of biological diversity seen in the light of UCIL’s operations since 1967, emphasize diversity friendly nature of these operations. There is no additional forest is required for the project. None of the plants will be cut during operational phase of the mine. Impact on Flora and Fauna is not anticipated due to lease renewal. 3.7 Radiation Due to natural background radiation, every human receive a global average dose of 2.4 mili Sievert per year (mSv/Yr). In some high natural background radiation regions of the world such as some parts of China, Brazil, Iran and parts of Coastal Kerala & Tamilnadu in India, this is found to be of the order of 10 mSv/Yr or even more. Apart from the natural sources, manmade sources of radiation viz., diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicines & radiotherapy etc. also contribute to individuals’ dose. The annual average effective dose attributable to the nuclear energy industry to the world population is only 0.25 % of the annual global average background radiation. Low grades of ore give rise to correspondingly low levels of external doses. In view of the low grade of Bhatin , the gamma radiation exposure is very low and marginally above the local natural background. With wet drilling, generation of dust containing silica and low levels of long-lived radioactivity in the work place is significantly reduced. In the ore handling areas, dust suppression by water sprinkling is carried out to minimize generation of radioactive fugitive dust. Exposure to radon and its short-lived progeny is controlled by adequate ventilation. As unlimited dilution with atmospheric air is available, radon concentration in the work zone air is reduced to insignificant levels. The international Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in its publication, ICRP-65 (1993) suggests that the specific alpha activity of the particles in the respirable ore dust is low and any effects may be influenced more by the physical and chemical forms of the dust than by the activity concentration. Every human activity has some associated risk which has to be weighed with regard to the benefits. The standards of safety and dose limits in the Indian Uranium mining and processing industry are those recommended by the ICRP and adopted by the Atomic Energy Regulatory



Board (AERB). The dose limits recommended by the ICRP are followed all over the world and accepted by the international Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the World Health Organisation (WHO), International Labour Organisation (ILO) and several organisations concerned with the safety of workers, members of the public and the environment. The ICRP and IAEA prescribe the annual dose limit of 20 mSv/Y averaged over 5 years. The ICRP basic framework of radiological protection intends to prevent occurrence of deterministic effects, by keeping doses below the relevant thresholds, and to ensure that all reasonable steps are taken to reduce the induction of stochastic effects (ALARA). Health Physics Unit of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre carries out survey of radiation exposure and possible health effects. It has been observed that exposure of workers to radiation is well within the prescribed limits. The observations are periodically reviewed by the AERB and other concerned regulatory bodies. No impact has been observed due to mining operation at Bhatin. 3.8 Occupational Health and Safety Safety of employees during operation is followed as per Mines Rules and Regulations and AERB guidelines. All operations of the organization are closely monitored by Environmental Surveillance Laboratory of Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC). Various health surveys around Jaduguda & Bhatin mines have been conducted by a team consisting of doctors and specialists. It was concluded that the disease pattern cannot be ascribed to radiation in any of the cases. Dedicated Safety and Environmental Committees review the safety aspect of industrial operations on monthly basis. Committees comprises of Engineers, Geologist, Surveyor, Environmental Engineer, Medical Officer, Training Officer, Occupational Health In-charge, Workmen, Union representative etc. Minutes of Meeting of the committee communicated to Directors/Officials and concerned regulatory authorities. Recommendations of committee are implemented. Facility available at for Bhatin mine for occupational health and Safety are:

Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with amenities like canteen, drinking water etc.

Provision to use of safety appliances, safety awards, display of posters, slogans etc. Celebration of Safety week on annual basis.

Regular maintenance and testing of all equipment as per manufacturers’ guidelines.

First-Aid organization including training and retraining of First-Aiders. Use of personal dosimeters, personal dust samplers

Vocational trainings officer impart training to employees which includes job safety, first-aid, fire as well as occupational health & safety. Group Vocational Training Centre acts as the centre. Health Physics Unit of BARC monitors the various environmental attribute on regular basis as an external agency: Following facilities are available for health surveillance as under:

Hospitals facilities at Jaduguda (Bed: 75 nos.)



Referral facility to TMH, Jamshedpur and other reputed hospitals e.g. AIIMS, CMRI, CMC Vellore etc.

Pre-employment medical examination for blood test, lung function test, x-ray, audiometric test, pathological test, ECG & physical test.

Periodical Medical Examination (PME) of all workers by a medical specialist so that any adverse effect may be detected in its early stage. Audiometry test and lung function test, Blood test, ECG, etc are done.

Village Medical health check-up camps are carried out by Jaduguda hospital. Doctors along with supporting staff are sent to surrounding villages every week. Patients have consultation with the doctors and medicines are distributed to the needy person on free of charge.

OPD and Indoor facilities are also being extended to the surrounding villagers on chargeable basis.

3.9 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan Various factors, which can create disaster in underground metalliferrous mining industry are subsidence, inundation, surface fire and roof fall. As Cut & fill method of mining is being practiced and rock mass is quite competent, no surface subsidence is anticipated in Bhatin mine. Operating mines of UCIL has no record for subsidence. Risk associated with subsidence is insignificant. As such, there is no major surface water bodies/river within lease area; ingress of water in mine is not anticipated. No cracks reaches on the surface due to underground working therefore leakages from surface has not been observed. Moreover all the openings are kept above the highest flood level of the area to prevent inundation from flooding. All the electrical safety norms of DGMS are strictly followed. Spillage of waste oil and fuel oil may result fire. Sufficient nos. of portable fire extinguishers has been provided at strategic locations near the fuel store, waste oil storage area, fuel-filling area to take care of any eventuality. To prevent the damage from roof fall, a systematic roof support rule is followed. After preparation systematic support system for stope, drive and drift, approval from DGMS is obtained before implementation. Bhatin uranium mine deals with radioactive materials of low specific activity. The ore-grade being low, the associated hazard potentials with respect to external and internal exposures at various stages of mining are less compared to those with the high grade ores. As the ore is handled in wet condition, risk due to dust is insignificant. Adequate ventilation reduces the risk of radon in underground workings. General safety measures have been provided at various locations. Experience of operating establishments of UCIL has revealed that most of the accident occurs due to the human failure. However, the Disaster Management Plan has been prepared under Regulation No.190 (A) of Metalliferous Mines Regulation 1961. The plan contains instructions to be followed in case of an emergency, major or serious accident, failure of system / equipment, Fire or Power failure, stoppage of ventilation fans etc. 3.10 Socio-Economic Uranium mining and agriculture are the basic sector of employment for the local people in this area. The project has provided a direct job opportunity to the local persons as both technical



and non-technical workers. While substantial portions of them are villagers from the study area. Establishments of well-maintained residential colony for employees of all categories at Bhatin & Jaduguda have created substantial demands for commodities like food and consumable goods. Subsequently urbanization of Jaduguda could be seen in recent time. Transportation link with Jamshedpur has been improved due to UCIL efforts. Literacy has further increased because of better income and awareness amongst the people. Urbanization of Jaduguda is evident as positive impact due to UCIL operation. 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM A comprehensive environmental surveillance is carried out by the state- of-art Health Physics Unit (HPU) of Environmental Assessment Division of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). Health Physics Unit of Jaduguda is established in year 1965 for environmental monitoring before commencement of UCIL operations. HPU is an independent section which keeps vigilance on industrial operations. An “Environmental Management Cell (EMC)” has been established for implementation of EMP in association with HPU. Environmental monitoring at various locations around 20 km from the operation are carried out on periodic basis. A comprehensive network for monitoring has been prepared. Sampling location has been identified by considering the source of pollution due to industrial operations, drainage pattern and topography of the area. Monitoring is carried out for ambient air quality, noise, water quality, effluent discharge quality, radiological aspect in environment and edibles, dose assessment, health surveillance etc. 5.0 PROJECT BENEFITS Establishment of Bhatin mine has significant positive impact on the socio-economic environment of the area. It helps to sustain the development of this area including further development of physical infrastructure facilities. The following physical infrastructure facilities have improved due to the project and significantly contributing for the economic development of the area.

Road Transport facilities: Construction 19 km road between Jaduguda – Sundernagar, construction of road and a high-level bridge

Market at Jaduguda Water supply Health Self employment opportunity: Establishment of Maa Rankini Mahila mandol, Kisan club

etc. Jaduguda – Sundernagar road of 19 km length with high-level bridge at Gara River has been constructed and maintained by UCIL. This has facilitated to shorten the travel route by 28 km (approx) from Bhatin to Jamshedpur. Plenty of public transports (Bus) are plying in the area, which is available at an interval of 30 minutes through out the year. Improvement in



transportation system has facilitated the student for higher education in Jamshedpur city. Peripheral development could be seen after improvement of transport facilities. This road has contributed a lot for economic development of the area. Water supply has been extended for community. Construction of boundary and supply furniture and other required to surrounding schools is done by UCIL. Talent Nurture Programme to support the economically deprived students has been initiative. Training to local youth and tribal women for self employment is provided. A Kisan club has been constructed for the people to doing self employment for various agricultural purpose, etc. Maa Rankini Mahila Mondal has been established by local village women for running self employment by making patta plates, mashroom cultivation etc. 6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

An “Environmental Engineering Cell (EEC)” has been established to carry out day to day environmental monitoring and inspection of UCIL operations. The environmental engineering cell comprises of environmental engineers, chemists, lab assistants and other staffs. Control & Research Department (C & RD), Jaduguda is responsible for quality assessment for product and raw materials. Quality assessment of water and wastewater in association with HPU of BARC is carried out by C & RD. The state of the art Health Physics Unit (HPU) of Environmental Assessment Division of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) has sole responsibility for radiological surveillance of the operations. Environmental management system of UCIL comply the guidelines as per ISO: 14001:2004 and it is certified by reputed body TUV CERT. Environmental Aspect / Impact register has been prepared for various activities of mining and ore processing plant. Operation Control Procedure (OCP) is available for various environmental aspects to control the pollution. Environmental issue form a part of Management Information System (MIS), which is discussed by the head of organization with respective HODs. Corrective action is taken whenever necessary. Sufficient fund allocation has been made available for environmental management and monitoring program. In order to implement the environmental protection measures, an amount of Rs. 71.40 lakhs per year is incurred. 7.0 CONCLUSIONS Baseline environmental status and impact assessment study revealed that lease renewal will have no significant impact on environment if environmental management plan is implemented. Moreover, continuation of mine will have positive impact for improvement of infrastructure and of socio-economic condition of the area.

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dksj tksu esa ,lih,e (SPM) dh ek=k 105 ls 205 ekbØ¨xzke izfr ?kuehVj esa ik;h x;hA

ih,e10 (PM10) dh ek=k 49 ls 89 ekbØ¨xzke izfr ?kuehVj ik;h x;hA lYQj MkbZvkDlkbM ¼SO2½

rFkk ukbVªkstu MkbZvkDlkbM ¼NOx½] dh ek=k dze”k% <10 ls 14 ekbØ¨xzke izfr ?kuehVj ,oe~ <10

ls 18 ekbØ¨xzke izfr ?kuehVj ekih x;hA cQj {ks= esa SPMsa dh ek=k 96 ls 261 ekbØ¨xzke izfr

?kuehVj] PM10 dh ek=k 35 ls 98 ekbØ¨xzke izfr ?kuehVj] lYQj MkbZvkDlkbM <10 ls 17

ekbØ¨xzke izfr ?kuehVj rFkk ukbVªkstu vkDlkbM <10 ls 32 ekbØ¨xzke izfr ?kuehVj ik;h x;hA

v/;;u {ks= ds vUrxZRk ok;qxq.koRrk fu?kkZfjr lhek ¼2009 d¢ vk/kkj ij½ ds vuq:i ik;h x;hA

/kwyikr dh nj 0-33 ls 0-48 xzke izfroxZehVj izfr fnu ekih x;h gSA

?ofu Lrj 6 LFkkuksa ij izfr?kaVs ds varjky ij ekih x;hA dksj tksu esa fnu dk ?ofu Lrj 60 ls 65.4 dB(A) ds chp ik;k x;kA vkoklh; LFkkuksa ,oe~ vU; txgksa ij “kksj dh vkSlr Lrj

fu/kkZfjr lhek ds vuq:i gSA

2-4 ty lalk/ku ,oe~ xq.koRRkk

iwoZekulwu dky esa dqvksa dk tyLrj 4-0 ls 18 ehVj ds chp rFkk ekulwuksRrj dky esa 1

ehVj ls 17 ehVj rd ifjofrZr gksrk gSA v/;;u{ks= ds vUrxZRk tyLrj ekiu gsrq 30 fujh{k.k dqvksa

dk p;u fd;k x;kA HkwtyLrj 2-1 ehVj ls 11-2 ehVj ik;k x;k tcfd {ks= esa okf’kZd vkSlr

HkwtyLrj 4-45 ehVj rd ?kVrk& c<+rk gSA

20 o’kksZa ds vkssSlr o’kkZ eku (1278 eh-eh-) ds vk/kkj ij ty&HkwoSKkfud izkpyksa dh x.kuk dh

x;hA x.kuk ds QyLo:Ik ik;k x;k fd 22% ty lrg ij cgko ds }kjk rFkk 63% ty

ok’iksRltZu ls u’V gks tkrk gSA vr% dqy o’kkZ ty dk 15% gh Hkwty esa ifjoZfrr gksrk gSA bl {ks=

esa Hkwty lzksr dh miyC/krk 0-9078 fefy;u ?kuehVj izfr o’kZ ik;h x;hA

v?;;u {ks= ds vUrxZr 10 LFkkuksa ij ty dh xq.koRRkk tkap dh x;h] ftlesa 4 uewus Hkwty

ds] 5 lrgh ty ds rFkk 1 uewuk HkkfVu [kku ds ofglzko dk FkkA Hkwty uewu¨ esa ekis x;s eku

is;ty ekud ds vuq:i ik;s x;s ctk, 'kh'kk] ySkg rFkk ,Yewfu;e fTkldh ek=k Ákdfrd#i ls

T;knk gSA lrgh ty dks mipkj ,oe~ foladze.k ds Ik”pkr is; ty ds :Ik esa O;ogr fd;k tk

ldrk gSA HkkfVu [kku ls okrkoj.k esa d®Ã ofglzko ugh fd;k tkrk gSA

4

2-5 Hkw&mi;ksfxrk

dksj {ks= esa 56-25% df’k Hkwfe ,oe~ 38-25% ouHkwfe gSA vU; oxksZa esa 2-90% catj Òwfe] 1-20% vkS|ksfxd LFkkiuk] 0-70% ouLifr;ka] 0-11% cfLr;ka rFkk] 0-70% tylzksrksa ds :Ik esa forfjr gSA

v/;;u {ks= ds vUrxZr T;knkrj Hkwfe df’k ;ksX; ;k ijrh gS tks yxHkx 60-65% gS rFkk 21-43% ou Hkwfe gSA blds vfrfjDr 9-0% eSnku] 0-28% VsfyaxikSa.M] 4-24% cfLr;ka rFkk 1-77% o{kkjksi.k] 2-51% tylzksrksa :Ik esa forfjr gSA {ks= ds vUrxZr jk’Vªh; ikdZ] vHk;kj.;] tSfod m|ku] oU; tho

xfy;kjk rFkk ck?k@gkFkh j{k.k {ks= ugha gSA

2-6 enk Ik;kZoj.k

bl {ks= dh feÍh dh xq.koRRkk ds ewY;kadu gsrq catj] df’k rFkk ou Hkwfe ls feÍh ds ikap

uewuksa dk fo”ys’k.k fd;k x;kA fo”ys’k.k }kjk ik;k x;k fd xq.koRRkk esa dksbZ cnyko ugha gSA d.kksa

ds vkdkj feÍh ds cukoV dks n”kkZrs gSa] tks ckyqbZ nkseV gSA LFkwy ?kuRo 1-10 ls 1-43 xzk- izfr?ku

ls-eh- ds chp ik;k x;k] t® feÍh dh lagrrk dks n”kkZrk gS] tcfd ueh 4-14% ls 7-28% ds chp

ik;h x;hA lHkh uewuksa esa ty /kkj.k {kerk 47% ls 56% ds chp ik;h x;hA dqN uewus vEyh; ik,

x,sA fo|qr pkydrk ds eku ls Kkr g¨rk gS fd ?kqyu”khy Bksl dh ek=k lkekU; lhek esa ¼<1 m mho/cm½ gSA lHkh uewuksa esa dkcZfud dkcZu dh ek=k fuEu gSA miyC/k QkLQksjl rFkk iksVkfl;e dh

ek=k e/;e ik;h x;hA

2-7 jsfM;ks lfdz;rk

HkkHkk ijek.kq vuqla/kku d¢Unz d¢ vUrxZr Ik;kZoj.k ewY;kadu foHkkx dh LokLF; ,oe~ HkkSfrdh

bdkbZ us fofdj.k dk izHkko tkuus gsrq foLrr ewY;kadu fd;k gssssSA HkkfVu [kku ds vklikl xkek

fofdj.k ,oe~ ok;qeaMyh; jsMku dk Lrj Øe'k% 0-03 ls 0-66 ekbdzksxzs izfr ?kaVk ¼µGy/h½ rFkk 5-0 ls 113 cs- izfr ?kuehVj ¼Bq/m3½ ds chp ik;s x;s gSaA o"kZ 2005-2010 ds vakWdMs n'kkZrs gSa fd okÆ"kd

xkek mn;klu nj 701 ls 1396 ekbdzksxzs izfr ?kaVk gSaA Kkr g¨ fd {ks= esa ;wjsfu;e [kfuthdj.k ds

dkj.k ÁkÑfrd fofdj.k dk eku ifjorZu'khy gSA HkkfVu [kku ds fuokZr ok;q esa jsMkWu dh vkSlr

ek=k 1-87 ls 2-44 fd- cs- izfr ?kuehVj gSA

xr ikap o’kksZa esa HkkfVu ds pkjks rjQ lrgh ty esa vkSlr ;wjsfu;e (Ák0) rFkk jsfM;e dh ek=k dze”k% 0-5 ekbdzksxzke izfr fyVj ls 5-2 ekbdzksxzke izfr fyVj rFkk 3.5 feyh cs- izfr

fyVj ls 10.6 feyh cs- izfr fyVj ds chp ik;h x;h] tks jk’Vªh; fu;ked eku ¼;qjsfu;e% 60

ekbdzksxzke izfr fyVj ,oa jsfM;e% 300 feyh cs- izfr fyVj½ ls dkQh de gSA

xr ikap o’kksZa esa feêh ds uewu¨ dsa eqY;kadu ls Kkr gqvk fd ;wjsfu;e (Ák0) rFkk jsfM;e dh

ek=k dze”k% 0-62 ls 4-4 feyhxzke izfr fdy¨xzke rFkk 11 cs- izfr fdy¨xzke ls 35.5 feyh izfr cs-

izfr fdy¨xzke gSA ;wjsfu;e v©j jsfM;e ds eku esa ifjoZru {ks= esa Ák—frd [kfuthdj.k d® n'kZkrk

gSA

5

2-8 tSo Ik;kZoj.k

bl {ks= esa LFkykÑfr ds vuq:Ik forfjr ou {ks= eq[;r% m’.kdfVca/kh; ue rFkk “kq’d

i.kZikrh izdkj ds gSaA izk; f}Ik?kkVh esa ik;stkus okys vknz lky ou] ue fefJr i.kZikrh ou rFkk

e/;e xqYe >kM+ dh mifLFkfr ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA forkuh o{kksa esa lky] lsey ds lkFklkFk lktk]

gYnw] ohtklky egqvk] vkaoyk bR;kfn ds izeq[krk gSA f}rh; Lrj ds lgk;d o{kksa esa tkequ] cM+]

ihiy] ikdM+] cajxk] flanwjh] /kkoM+k] lybZ] vpkj] csy rFkk iykl bR;kfn ik;s tkrs gSaA ckal dh

iztkfr;ka pIiksa esa ik;h tkrh gSA >kfM+;ksa ds vUrxZr /kobZ vkSj Nho ik;h tkrh gSA v/;;u dr {ks=

esa dksbZ Hkh ladVxzLr iztkfr ugha gSA {ks= ds bnZfxnZ ouksa esa tho tUrq lk/kkj.kr;k okuj x.k gSaA

liZ rFkk fNifdfy;ka lkekU;r;k ik;h tkrh gSA cQj {ks= esa oU; izkf.k;ksa esa taxyh fcYyh] [kjxks”k]

fxygjh] fl;kj] lkgh bR;kfn fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSA if{k;ksa esa cqycqy] fdyfdyk] eSxikbZ jksfcu] LikVsM

Mkso] eSuk] lkr HkkbZ bR;kfn gSaA ljhlIk iztkfr;ksa esa fo’kSys tkfr ds ukx] okbij] djSr] rFkk fo’kghu

esa oksvk] jSVLusd] gjkgjk bR;kfn ekStwn gSaA fxjfxV vkSj fNifdyh Hkh ns[kus dks feyrh gSaA frrfy;ksa

,oe~ dhM+s edksM+s cgqrk;r esa fn[krs gSaA

2-9 lektkfFkZd voLFkk

lektkfFkZd voLFkk ds ewY;kadu gsrq v/;;u {ks= ds 61 xkaoksa dk losZ{k.k fd;k x;kA losZ{k.k

esa fpfdRlk lqfo/kk] fctyh] is;ty lqfo/kk] f”k{kk] ifjogu] Mkd ,oe~ rkj dk;kZy;] cSad rFkk

euksjatu lqfo/kk vkfn ds ckjs esa iwNrkN dh x;hA vf/kdrj edku dPps gSaA {ks= esa mPp f”k{kk dh

lqfo/kk ugha gSA dsoy ujokigkM+ dks NksM+dj cQj tksu esa LokLFk gsrq lqfo/kk larks’ktud ugha gSA

dksj {ks= esa ;wlhy }kjk fpfdRlk lqfo/kk iznku dh tkrh gSA vf/kdRrj xkao dPps jkLrs ls tqM+s gSA

?kjksa esa bZa/ku ds fy, ydM+h vFkok dks;ys dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA cQj {ks= esa is; ty dh

leL;k gSA ;|fi ;wlhy }kjk iznRRk lqfo/kkvksa ls {ks= dh fLFkfr esa dkQh lq/kkj gqvk gSA fQj Hkh

ÒkfVu [kku iÍk uohuhdj.k ls {ks= ds yksxksa ds thou Lrj esa lq/kkj visf{kr gSA

3-0 Ik;kZoj.kh; la?kkr ewY;kadu ,oe~ jksdFkke

3-1 ifjos'kh ok;q xq.koRRkk

Òwfexr [kuu ds dkj.k ifjos'kh ok;q xq.koÙkk ij d®Ã [kkl ÁÒko ugh gSA vkadM+ksa }kjk Kkr

g¨rk gS] fd orZeku /kwy ,oe~ xSlh; iznw’kdksa dk Lrj vuqes; ekudksa ls de gSA vr% izLrkfor [kuu~

iÍk uohuhdj.k ;kstuk }kjk ok;qxq.koRRkk ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+sxkA /kwyd.k®a dh j®dFkke ds fy,

ty fNMdko fd O;oLFkk gS ,oe~ gjhriÍk ds fodkl fd;k x;k gSA v;Ld d® <ds gq, Vªd® ls

tknqxksM+k Hkstk tkrk gSA

3-2 “kksj Lrj

{ks= esa ifjos'kh “kksj Lrj fu/kkZfjr izHkko lhek ls de gSA izLrkfor [kuu~ iÍk uohuhdj.k ds

dkj.k dk;ZLFkyksa ij “kksj Lrj o<+us dh laHkkouk ugha gSA ifjlj esa foLrr :Ik ls gfjr ifÍ;ka

fodflr dh x;h gSa tks “kksj Lrj dks izlkfjr gksus ls jksdrh gSA

6

3-3 ty Ik;kZoj.k

HkkfVu [kku esa ty iwfrZ gsrq Hkwty nksgu ugha fd;k tkrk gSA ;nfi Hkwfexr [knku ls

fu’dkflr ty dk foltZu fd;k tkrk gSA ÒkfVu ds mi tyNktu {ks= esa dqy okf’kZd ty iqu%

iqfrZ ¼fjpktZ½ 0-9078 fefy;u ?kuehVj gSA orZeku esa yxÒx 0-1164 fefy;u ?kuehVj izfr o’kZ Hkwty

O;ogr gks jgk gSA dqy okf’kZd Hkwty miyC/krk 0-7914 fefy;u ?kuehVj vuqekfur gSA bl izdkj

okf’kZd tyiwfrZ] ty foltZu dh vis{kk dkQh vf/kd gSA Hkwty lao/kZu flQZ 12-82% gSA vr% [kuu

xfrfof/k;ksa ls ty lalk/ku izHkkfor gksus dh laHkkouk ugh gSA

vof”k’V ty dk eq[;L=¨r~ [knku ls fudyk ty gSA yxÒx 100 ?kuehVj izfrfnu vof”k’V

ty dks tknqxksM+k Hkstdj vkS|ksfxd izpkyu esa O;ogr ,oe~ iqu% pfdzr fd;k tkrk gSA HkkfVu

[knku ls ofglzko ty dks okrkoj.k esa folftZr ugh fd;k tkrk gSA vkoklh; ifjlj ls mRiUu xUns

ty dks lsfIVd VSad esa mipkfjr dj flDru xrZ esa folftZr fd;k tkrk gSA izLrkfor [kuu~ iÍk

uohuhdj.k ;kstuk ls vof”k’V ty dh ek=k es d¨Ã ifjorZu ugh g®xkA

3-4 LFkykdfr ,oe~ Hkw&mi;ksfxrk

HkkfVu [kku ,d dk;Zjr Òwfexr [knku g¨us ds dkj.k if‘B; Hkw&vkdfr esa ifjorZu gksus dh

d¨Ã laEHkkouk ugha gS D;ksafd lrg ij d¨Ã foLrkj.k dk;Z ugh g¨xkA o"kkZ d¢ fnu a esa ikuh bl {ks=

ls cgdj cxy d¢ xkjkunh esa fxjrk gSA [kuu iêk uohuhdj.k ls lrg viokg esa d¨Ã ifjoZru ugh

g¨xkA Òw{kj.k j¨dus d¢ fy, iDdk ukys dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA ifj;kstuk iw.kZ gksus ds Ik”pkr

HkkfVu [kku ds lrg ij o{kkjksi.k fd;k tk;sxkA blls LFky gjkHkjk gksxk rFkk i;kZoj.kh; izHkko Hkh

de gksxkA vHkh rd 1-2 gs- Hkwfe esa 1500 o{kkjksi.k gqvk gS] ftlesa lky] ccqy] [kSj] vke vkfn o{k

izeq[k gSA

3-5 enk i;kZoj.k

HkkfVu [kku ,d dk;Zjr Òwfexr [knku gS ftlls enk i;kZoj.k esa ifjorZu gksus dh lEHkkouk

ugha gSA xjkt rFkk odZ'kWki esa feÍh ds la/kkj.k ds fy, mfpr mik; fd, gSA jsfM;®/kÆe;rk dk eku

Ákdzfrd eku ds vuq:Ik ik;k x;kA izLrkfor [kuu~ iÍk uohuhdj.k ;kstuk ls enk i;kZoj.k ij

d®Ã Òh ÁÒko g®us dh laÒkouk ugh gSA enk esa ;wjsfu;e lkUnz dk Lrj 0-7 ls 11-0 ih-ih-,e- rd gS

t¨ lkekU; Lrj gS ¼—f"kenk esa QkWlQsV [kkn¨ d¢ bLreky d¢ dkj.k bldk Lrj 15 ih-ih-,e- rd

ntZ fd;k x;k gSA½A

3-6 ouLifr ,oe~ thotUrq

HkkfVu [kuu~ iÍk ds 54-53 gs- ouHkwfe esa d¨Ã fØ;kdyki ugh gS] ftlls ;g lqjf{kr gSA {ks=

esa tSofofo/krk o"k¨Za ls fn[krh gSA izLrkfor HkkfVu [kuu~ iÍk uohuhdj.k ;kstuk ds fy, fdlh

vfrfjDr ouHkwfe vi;¨tu dk ÁLrko ugh gSA ÁLrkfod [kuu~ iÍk uohuhdj.k ;kstuk ls

tSofofo/krk ij d®Ã [krjk g®us dh laÒkouk ugh gSA

7

3-7 fofdj.k dk izHkko

lk/kkj.kr% lHkh euq’; jsfM;ks rjax xzg.k djrs jgrs gSa] tks izkdfrd lzksrksa ls fodfjr gksrh

gSA izkdfrd if’V; fodj.k ds dkj.k] izR;sd euq’; vkSlru 2-4 ehyh lhoVZ izfr o’kZ (mSv/y) dh

ek=k izkIr djrk gSA fo”o ds dqN vf/kd if’V; fofdj.k okys {ks= ;Fkk phu] czkthy] bZjku] ftlesa

Hkkjr ds rVh; dsjy ,oe~ rfeyukMw “kkfey gSa] ogka ;g ek=k 10 mSv/y ;k vf/kd gSA ,- b- vkj-

ch- ¼AERB½ }kjk fu/kkZfjr fofdj.k M¨t dh lhek 20 mSv/y gS] tks fo”o ekud ds vuqlkj gSA

HkkfVu [knku ls ;wlhy }kjk fuEu dksfV ds ;wjsfu;e v;Ld mR[kuu fd;k tkrk gSA fuEu dksfV dk

v;Ld rqyukRed :Ik ls fuEu ek=k esa fofdj.k mRiUu djrk gSA KkrO; gks fd fo”o Lrj ij

mRikfnr ;wjsfu;e v;Ld d.kksa esa fLFkr nh?kkZ;q vYQk fofdj.k dk izHkko u ds cjkcj gksrk gSA

(baVjus”kuy ,Vksfed ,uthZ ,tsalh] ls¶Vh lhjht ua- 95]1989)A

HkkfVu [knku esa okrkoj.k ds ok;q dk vlhfer ruqdj.k ds dkj.k jsMWku xSl dh ek=k dk;Z

{ks= esa vizHkko”kkyh gSA ty;qDr fMªyhax izfdz;k ds dkj.k] /kwyd.kksa esa jsfM;ks /kfeZrk izHkko”kkyh <ax

ls de g¨rk gSA v;Ld LFkkuakUrj.k esa ikuh ds yxkrkj fNM+dko ls jsfM;ks /kfeZrk ;qDr vLFkkbZ

/kwyd.k gok esa ugha mMrs gSA varjk‘Vªh; laLFkk vkÃ0 lh0 vkj0 ih0 ¼ICRP½ ds lanHkZ ICRP-65

(1993) ds vuqlkj fuEu Lrj ds v;Ld ds fy,] gok es fo|eku /kwyd.k a esa vYQk fofdj.k dk

izHkko de g¨rk gSA

ckdZ (BARC) ds LokLF; HkkSfrdh bdkbZ] fofdj.k rFkk LokLF; ij laHkkfor izHkko dk v/;;u

tknwxksM+k& HkkfVu {ks= esa fiNys 30 o’kksZa ls dj jgh gSA vÒh rd ;g ik;k x;k gS fd dfeZdksa esa

fofdj.k dk M¨t fu/kkZfjr lqjf{kr lhek ls dkQh de gSA ,-bZ-vkj-ch- rFkk vU; lEcfU/kr fu;ked

laLFkkuksa }kjk fofÒé fØ;kdy dh vkorhZ tkap dh tkrh gSA HkkfVu ds izpkyu fofdj.k dk d¨Ã

izfrdqy izÒko ugha ik;k x;k gSA ijUrq ;Fkk laÒo izkI; U;wure fl|kar ¼ALARA½dk ikyu djrs gq,

fofdj.k dh ek=k dh foLrr tkWp ,oa laÒkfor izÒko ds j¨dFkke ds fy, mfpr dne mBk, tkrs gSA

3-8 O;kolkf;d LokLF; ,oe~ lqj{kk

deZpkfj;¨a fd lqj{kk dk vuqikyu [kku vf/kfu;e rFkk AERB ¼,-bZ-vkj-ch-½ dh fn'kk funZ'k¨a

d¢ vuqlkj fd;k tkrk gSA tknwxksM+k& HkkfVu {ks= fLFkr ;wlhy es fofHkUu midzeksa ds utnhd jgus

okys fuokfl;ksa dk LokLF; losZ{k.k fd;k x;kA losZ{k.k Vhe esa jkT; ljdkj] ;wlhy vLirky] ckdZ

,oa VkVk esu vLirky te”ksniqj ds fpfdRld ,oe~ fo”ks’kK “kkfey FksA v/;;u ls ;g fu’d’kZ

fudkyk x;k gS fd fofdj.k ds }kjk LokLF; ij dksbZ izfrdqy vlj dk voyksdu ugha fd;k x;kA

fcekfj;ka fdlh Hkh izdkj ds fofdj.k ls lEcfU/kr ugha ikbZ x;h gSA fofHkUu Lora= izkf/kdkj }kjk Hkh

LokLF; losZ{k.k fd;k x;k gSA fcxr o’kksZa esa yxHkx leku ifj.kke feyk gSA ;wlhy }kjk 2009 esa

LokLF; losZa{k.k ds vk/kkj ij irk pyk fd xkaoksa esa LokLF; lEcU/kh leL;k,a :fnxr gSa] tSlk fd

leku lektkfFkZd gkyr okys xkaoksa esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA [kku ,oe~ iz lsfalx bdkbZ ess gj eghus

lqj{kk dk iquosZ{k.k] Ik;kZoj.k ,oe~ lqj{kk lfefr }kjk dh tkrh gSA lfefr esa baftfu;j] HkwfoKkuh]

8

losZ{k.k vf/kdkjh] Ik;kZoj.k vfHk;ark] fpfdRld] Áf”k{k.k inkf/kdkjh] O;kolkf;d LokLF; izHkkjh rFkk

dkfeZd 'kkfey g¨rs gSaA

lfefr dh vuq”kalk dks fu;ked vf/kdkfj;ksa ,oe~ ;wfly funs”kd dks Hkstk tkrk gSA lkFk gh

lkFk fdz;kUo;u fd;k tk jgk gSA HkkfVu esa O;kolkf;d LokLF; ,oe~ lqj{kk lEcU/kh lqfo/kk,a ekStwn

gSa ;Fkk :

Iks;ty rFkk tyiku xg ds lkFk lkFk foJke d{k dh lqfo/kk] Lukuxg] diMs lQkÃ dh

O;oLFkk vkfnA

Lkqj{kk midj.k] migkj] iksLVj] ukjs gsrq ifÍdk dh miyC/krk] okf’kZd lqj{kk lIrkg eukuk

vkfnA

lHkh midj.kksa dh tkap ,oe~ fu;fer j[k j[kko A

izkFkfed fpfdRlk laLFkku ,oe~ izf”k{k.k dh O;oLFkk A

O;fDrxr Mksth ehVj ,oe~ /kwy ekid ;a=A

O;kolkf;d izf”k{k.k vf/kdkjh] [kfu dfeZ;ksa dks lqj{kk] fpfdRlk] vfXu “keu ds lkFk lkFk

O;kolkf;d LokLF; ,oe~ lqj{kk dk izf”k{k.k nsrs gSaA blds fy, lkewfgd O;kolkf;d izf”k{k.k

dsUnz tknwxksM+k esa gSA ckdZ dk LokLF; HkkSfrdh foHkkx fu;fer :Ik ls Ik;kZoj.k dh fuxjkuh

djrk gSA LokLF; fuxjkuh gsrq fuEufyf[kr lqfo/kk,a fo|eku gSaA

tknwxksM+k esa 75 “k;u okys vLirky ds lkFk lkFk VkVk esu vLirky] lh,elh csykSj] ,0

vkbZ0 ,e0 ,l0 ,oe~ vU; txg¨ ij LokLF; tkap dh lqfo/kk eqgS;k djkukA

iwoZ fu;¨tu ,oe~ vkorhZ fpfdRlk tkap dh lqfo/kk ftlds vUrxZr jDr] QsQM+k] X-js] blhth] vkWkfM;ësVªh] iWFkWky¨ftd vkfn tkap dh O;oLFkkA

xkaoksa esa LokLF; tkap f”kfoj dk vk;kstuA

vklikl ds xkaoksa esa jgus okyksa ds fy, vLirky ds okfgjax foHkkx esa tkWap lqfo/kk

bR;kfnA

vklikl ds xkaoksa esa 'kqYd ds vk/kkj ij vïhMh vkSj baM¨j lqfo/kk Òh iznku djkÃ tkrh

gSA

3-9 t¨f[ke ewY;kad.k vkSj vkink izca/ku ;kstuk

Òwfexr /kkrq [kku esa fofÒé izdkj ds vkink, g¨ ldrh gS] tSls Nr dk <guk] [kku es ty

Òjtkuk] Òw/klku ,oa vkx QSyukA ÒkfVu [kku eas fofÒé fØ;kdyki a ls güsokys t¨f[ke dk

ewY;kadu fd;k x;k gSa] rnuqlkj vkink izca/ku ;kstuk cukÃ x;h gSa] t¨ Mh- th- ,e- ,l- }kjk ekU;

gSA ÒfVu [kku esa dVko vkSj Òjko fof/k ls [kuu ,oa pÍku etcwr güs ds dkj.k Òw/klku rFkk Nr

fxjus dk [krjk ux.; gSA ijUrq blds cpko ds fy, fofÒé Ádkj ds li¨VZ Ánku fd, tkrs gS] t¨

9

Mh- th- ,e- ,l- }kjk vuqe¨fnr gSA [kku esa vkx ls cpko ds fy, mfpr O;oLFkk ;Fkk vfXu'kked

;a= fo|eku gSA [kku ds vklikl d¨b cMk tyk'k; ugh gS ftlls [kku esa ty dk fjlko g¨ ldsA

[kku dk eq[; }kj egre ck<Lrj ls dkQh mij gSA ÒkfVu dk v;Ld fuEuJs.kh g¨us ds dkj.k

fofdj.k dk izÒko uxU; gSA Òwfexr [kku esa OgsafVys'ku dh i;kZIr O;oLFkk gS] ftlls jsMkWu xSl dk

[krjk ugh g¨A vuqÒo ds vk/kkj ij ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd ;wfly esa izpkyu ds n©jku vf/kdka'k

nq?kZVuk ,d ekuoh; Òwy gSA ;|fi /kkrq [kku fu;e 1961 ds vuqlkj vkink izca/ku gsrq mfpr

O;oLFkk miyC/k gSA

3-10 lkektkfFkZd izHkko

bl {ks= esa LFkkuh; yksxksa ds fy, ;wjsfu;e dk [kuu rFkk df’k vk/kkjHkwr jkstxkj ds lk/ku

gSaA ifj;kstuk ds }kjk LFkkuh; yksxksa dks rduhdh dq”ky ,oe~ vdq”ky dkfeZdksa dks izR;{k :Ik ls

ukSdjh feyh gSA blesa T;knkrj yksx v/;;u {ks= ds fuoklh gSA lqO;ofLFkr vkoklh; ifjlj ds

pyrs [kku iku lEcU/kh inkFkksZa dh ekax Hkh c<h gSA orZeku esa tknwxksM+k dk “kgjhdj.k gqvk gSA

;wlhy ds iz;kl ls vkokxeu esa dkQh lq/kkj gqvk gSA yksxksa esa tkx:drk ,oe~ vPNh vkenuh ds

dkj.k lk{kjrk esa of) Hkh gqbZ gSA ;wlhy lapkyu ds dkj.k HkkfVu {ks= esa izHkkodkjh fodkl ns[kus

dks feyrk gSA

4-0 Ik;kZoj.k fuxjkuh dk;ZØze

HkkHkk ijek.kq vuqla/kku dsUnz ds vUrxZr Ik;kZoj.k ewY;kadu foHkkx dh LokLF; ,oe~ HkkSfrdh

bdkbZ us Ik;kZoj.k fuxjkuh ds fy, foLrr :Ik ls dk;Z djrk gSSA ;wlhy LFkkiuk ds iwoZ gh Ik;kZoj.k

fuxjkuh gsrq 1965 esa LokLF; HkkSfrdh bdkbZ dh uhao Mkyh x;hA bl bdkbZ dk dk;Z vkS|ksfxd

lapkyuksa ij nf’V j[kuk gSA Ik;kZoj.k Áca/k ;¨tuk ds fdz;kUou ds fy, ‘Ik;kZoj.k izcU/ku dks’k’ cukÃ x;h gSA vkS|ksfxd fdz;kdykiksa ds 20 fd0eh0 rd ds {ks= esa fofHkUu LFkyksa ij Ik;kZoj.k dh

tkap vkorhZ dky esa dh tkrh gSA blds fy;s foLr`r usVodZ rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA uewuk LFkyksa dk

p;u vkS|ksfxd lapkyu] fudkl izk:Ik ,oe~ LFkykdfr ds }kjk iznwf’kr lzksrksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k

tkrk gSA Ik;kZoj.k esa ok;q xq.koRRkk] /ofu] ty xq.koRrk] ofglzko dh tkap lfgr [kku iku esa jsfM;ks

/kfeZrk dk ewY;kadu rFkk LokLF; fuxjkuh dh tkrh gSA

5-0 ifj;kstuk ds Qk;ns

HkkfVu [knku dh LFkkiuk {ks= ds lektkfFkZd Ik;kZoj.k ds fodkl esa dkQh ykHkdkjh lkfcr

gqbZ gSA ;g ifj;kstuk bl {ks= ds fodkl dks vkxs c<+kus esa dkQh ennxkj gksxhA bl ifj;kstuk ds

}kjk vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk tSls Ldwy] lapkj] ifjogu O;oLFkk] cktkj] is;ty lqfo/kk ,oe~ LokLF; fgrksa

esa lq/kkj gqvk gS ;Fkk%

tknwxksM+k&lqanjuxj jksM lqfo/kk % {ks= esa 19 fdeh dk jksM xkjkunh ds mij ls ;wlhy

}kjk cuk;k x;kA

cktkj Ákaxu] tknwxksM+k

10

ty dh O;oLFkkA

fpfdRlk O;oLFkkA

Lojkstxkj ,oe~ O;olk; ds izf”k{k.k O;oLFkkA

ifjogu dh lqfo/kk güs ds dkj.k fo|kFkhZ mPp f'k{kk ds fy, te'ksniqj tkrs gSA vÆFkd :i

ls fiNMs xzkeh.k fo|kFkÊ;® d®a VSysaV upZj Á®xzke ¼TNP½ ds rgr AECS es fu%'kqYd f'k{kk nh tkrh

gSA ckfydkv®a ,oa ckyda® d® ekfld f'k{kkoŸkh Ánku dh tkrh gSA blds vykos vklikl ds

fo|ky;ä d® vÆFkd lgk;rk Òh nh tkrh gSA xzkeh.k® ds vuqj®/k ij ihus dk ikuh] VSadj ls miyC/k

djk;k tkrk gSA Lojkstxkj ds fy, LFkkuh; ;qodä ,oa ;qofr; a ds fy, izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe pyk;k

tkrk gSA fofÒé Ñf"k Lojkstxkj ds fy, LFkkuh; ;qodä ,oa efgykv a d¨ izf'k{k.k nsus ds fy,

fdlku Dyc dh LFkkiuk dh xÃ gSA ek¡ jafduh efgyk eaMy dh LFkkiuk LFkkuh; xzkeh.k efgyk }kjk

dh xÃ gS] ftlds vaUrxZr iŸkkIysV cukuk] e'k:e mRiknu tSls Lojkstxkj fd;s tkrs gSA

6-0 Ik;kZoj.k izca/ku ;kstuk

;wlhy us nSfud Ik;kZoj.k fuxjkuh gsrq ‘Ik;kZoj.k vfÒ;a=.k dks’k’ dh LFkkiuk dh xÃ gSA blesa

Ik;kZoj.k vfHk;a=.k vfHk;ark ds lkFk&lkFk jlk;ufon iz;ksx”kkyk lgk;d] rFkk vU; deZpkjh Hkh gSaA

“kks/k ,oe~ fu;a=.k foHkkx ¼CRD½ dPPks ekyksa rFkk mRiknksa dh xq.koRRkk ewY;kadu ds fy, mRrjnk;h

gSA ;g foHkkx LokLF; HkkSfrdh bdkbZ ls feydj ty ,oe~ vif”k’V ty dh xq.koRRkk fu/kkZfjr djrk

gSA jsfM;ks /kfeZrk izHkko dh fuxjkuh LokLF; HkkSfrdh bdkbZ }kjk dh tkrh gSA

;wfly dk Ik;kZoj.k izca/ku iz.kkyh ISO%14001%2004 ds funsZ”kksa ds vuq:Ik gS tks TUV ls

izekf.kr gSA iznw’k.k fu;a=.k gsrq fofHkUu lapkyu fof/k;kWa miyC/k gSA izca/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh ds rgr

fofHkUu Ik;kZoj.kh; eq}ksa ij laLFkku ds izeq[k }kjk ppkZ gksrh gSA rRi'pkr vko”;drkuqlkj la”kks/kh

fdz;k dh tkrh gSA Ikfj;kstuk esa Ik;kZoj.k izca/ku ,oe~ fuxjkuh gsrq Ik;kZIr dks’k miyC/k gSA blds

fy, 71-40 yk[k :Ik;s dh £pZ dh x;h gSA

7-0 fu"d"kZ

Ik;kZoj.kh; la?kkr ewY;kadu ds vuqlkj ifj;®tuk ds [kuu~ iÍk uohuhdj.k ;kstuk ls Ik;kZoj.k ij

d®Ã [kkl ÁÒko ugh iMsxk ;fn orZeku i;kZoj.k ÁCka/ku dk;Zjr j[kk tk,A ifj;®tuk ls lkekftd

,oa vkÆFkd fodkl dh laÒkouk gSA



Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT The purpose of the EIA studies is to ensure that all impacts whether direct or indirect and

particularly environmental, social and economical impacts are fully examined and addressed.

Consistent with this purpose, the EIA / EMP is a self contained and comprehensive document,

which provides:

For interested bodies and persons, a basis for understanding the project, the existing environmental attributes which it would affect and the impacts that may occur and the measures to be taken to mitigate all adverse impacts.

For government agencies, a framework for assessing the impact of the project and associated development in view of legislative and policy provision.

For the proponents, a definitive statement of measures / actions to be taken to mitigate any adverse impacts if any.

Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), management entrusted Environmental

Management Group of Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, erstwhile CMRI Dhanbad

to undertake Environmental Impact Assessment studies of the Bhatin Mine. The EIA study has been undertaken for various components of Environment and to prepare an effective Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to minimize the negative impacts of the project, if

any, based on primary as well as secondary field data collected for various environmental components viz. air, water, noise, biological and associated mine aspects.

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report is intended to renew the mining lease of Bhatin Mine. The lease area of Bhatin Mine is 142.98 ha under village of Bhatin which is part of contiguous lease of Jaduguda & Bhatin complex of 531.21 ha (1312.62 acres).

Bhatin mine & Jaduguda mines of UCIL has a contiguous mine lease of 531.21 ha (1312.62 acres), but these are being separated by distance of about 4 km and having separate mines

plan. Accordingly these mines are considered by MoEF as two independent proposals for

renewal of combined mine lease of 531.21 ha (1312.62 acres). A common “Terms of Reference” (TOR) has been issued by the ministry for the both proposals.



The present Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared in accordance

with the procedure specified in Notification of Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF)

dated 14th September 2006 and “Terms of Reference” (TOR) received from MoEF vide their letter No. J-11015/45/2008-IA.II/M dated 25th January 2008.

1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT

1.3.1 Identification of Project

Bhatin uranium deposit is located in the Dhalbhum subdivision of East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand state. The mine lease is located at Latitude 22o 39’ 25” N to 22o 40’ 20” N and

longitude 86o 19’ 20” E to 86o 20’ 25” E, which is covered by Survey of India toposheet no.

73J/6 of 1:50,000 scale (1978).

1.3.2 Project Proponent

The project proponent is Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL) Jaduguda, a

Government of India Enterprise under the total administrative control of Department of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India.

Address:

Chairman & Managing Director Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL),

(A Govt. of India Enterprise)

P.O. - Jaduguda Mines, Dist: Singhbhum (East) Jharkhand – 832 102.

Fax No. 0657-2730322 / 2730254

1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPORTANCE Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), a Government of India undertaking under the

Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) has the sole responsibility of mining and processing of

uranium ore in India. At present UCIL is engaged for mining at Bagjata Mine, Jaduguda Mine, Bhatin Mine, Narwapahar Mine, Turamdih Mine & Banduhurang Open Cast Mine and ore

processing plant at Jaduguda and Turamdih in the East Singhbhum District of Jharkhand state

to produce U3O8. In order to cater the growing demand of U3O8 in the country, UCIL has planned to exploit the techno-commercial viable deposits at Mohuldih in Jharkhand,

Lambapur-Paddaguttu and Tummalapalle in Andhra Pradesh and KPM project in Meghalaya.

Strategically important mineral U3O8 is characterized as per prescribed substance in the Atomic Energy Act, 1962.



The Bhatin deposit was discerned by AMD during field session in 1950-1951. Bhatin deposit

was discovered in the same field session by AMD. Drilling and exploratory mining were started

in 1961 and continued upto 1975. Mining activity at Bhatin Mines was started in 1983 and it is mostly confined to western Bhatin only.

Uranium ore extracted at Bhatin, Bagjata, Jaduguda and Narwapahar Mines are brought and processed at the Jaduguda Ore Processing Plant, while ore from Turamdih mine & Banduhurang mine are treated at Turamdih Ore Processing Plant. The installed capacity of

the Bhatin mine is as under:

Bhatin Mine : 250 TPD Ore Extraction

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Scope of the present EIA study covers all the aspects as per Terms of Reference (TOR) furnished by the Ministry. The brief scope of study is as under:

Brief description of geology of the deposit and existing method of underground mining and ore processing.

Description of the existing status of environmental scenario in terms of meteorology, air, water, soil, land use, noise, socio-economic parameters and the

radioactivity aspect in environment.

Assessment of likely impacts due to existing mine, and allied activities. A detailed investigation has been carried out to study the impact on identified environmental

attributes under the influence of aforesaid activities.

Environmental management plan, which includes environmentally acceptable mine planning, pollution control measures and mitigation of environmental adverse

impacts, manpower and organizational setup for environmental management and a scheme for implementation and monitoring of environmental management plan.

1.6 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA STUDY The report has been prepared on the basis of baseline environmental data monitored during

December 2007 to March 2008, representing the winter season. The data collection has been

confined to the radius of 10 km around the lease boundary. Major part of the study area is common with respect to Jaduguda Mine. UCIL authorities have provided various secondary

information’s required for the preparation of this report. On the basis of collected data and

information, environmental impact assessment has been evaluated for different environmental

parameters and accordingly Environmental Management Plan has been prepared.



1.6.1 Air Environment The topographical information of the study area has been collected. Different air pollutants,

namely RPM (PM10), SPM, SO2, and NOx, have been identified as related to the project

activities for representing baseline status of ambient air quality within the study area. Micro-meteorological parameters, viz. wind speed, wind direction, temperature, rainfall, barometric

pressure and relative humidity have also been reported. Health Physics unit of BARC,

Jaduguda, has measured radiological parameters.

1.6.2 Water Environment

Information on water resources in the study area has been collected. The collected water

sample has been analyzed for different physio-chemical parameters to assess the quality of the water. Surface and subsurface samples have been collected at different locations for the

physio-chemical analysis. Health Physics unit of BARC, Jaduguda, has measured radiological

parameters in water samples.

1.6.3 Noise Environment

Noise survey has been carried out in the study area. Noise levels were measured at several

locations in human settlements around the project area during the day and night time.

1.6.4 Land Environment

Soil samples have been collected randomly from the study area to represent different

categories of soil. Physico-chemical properties of the soil have been determined. Information on land use pattern in the study area has also been collected. Health Physics unit of BARC, Jaduguda, has measured radiological parameters in soil samples.

1.6.5 Biological Environment

Data have been collected from various Government departments. The parameters of prime importance to both biotic and abiotic factors have been selected to estimate the structural and

functional changes in the eco-system. Survey has been carried out during the field visits.

1.6.6 Socio-Economic Environment

Secondary data have been collected from census book. A field sample survey has also been conducted within the study area. The parameters selected under socio-economic component

were, demography structure of the study area, provision of basic amenities, welfare facilities

and quality of life. Relevant information collected from selected villages has been analyzed.



Chapter 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT Bhatin Mine is an operating underground mine with mode of entry through Adit. The

proposed project envisages renewal of existing mining lease. The project falls under Category

'A' [Sl. No. 1(a) of Schedule: “List of project or activities requiring prior environmental

clearance”] of MoEF notification dated 14th September.

2.2 NEED OF THE PROJECT

Operation of Bhatin Mine has strategic importance for national interest to cater the need of

uranium demand in country. Following are the reasons for which the nation needs the existing Bhatin project along with several new projects of UCIL:

Additional quantity of Uranium is required for enhancing nuclear power generation capacity from the present capacity of 4120 MW to 10180 MW by the end of XI Plan

period.

Sufficient quantity of reserve is available in East Singhbhum district.

The mineral belt provides sufficient quantity of skilled manpower, required to run the project

2.3 LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY

Bhatin Uranium deposit is located in the Dhalbhum subdivision of East Singhbhum district of The mine lease is located at Latitude 22o 39’ 25” N to 22o 40’ 20” N and longitude 86o 19’ 20”

E to 86o 20’ 25” E is covered by Survey of India toposheet no. 73J/6 on R.F. 1:50,000 (1978).

The national highway NH-33 is approx at a distance of 10 km & crosses Jaduguda - Bhatin Mine in North-East direction. The South Eastern railway passes through the region. The

nearest railway station is Rakha Mines at a distance of 5km and nearest Junction is Tatanagar

station. The distance from the Tatanagar station to Bhatin is about 22 km. The location and accessibility map of Bhatin mine is shown in Figure 2.1 (A & B).



Figure 2.1: (A) Location and Accessibility Map of Bhatin mine

Figure 2.1: (B) Location and Accessibility Map of Bhatin mine (in Toposheet)

Not to the Scale

JAMSHEDPURTATANAGAR

NARWA PAHAR

ASANBANI

BHATIN

JADUGUDA

RAKHA MINES RAILWAY STATION

GHATSILA

MOOSABANI

N

MUMBAI -HOW

RAH

RLY. LINE

RAILWAY STATION

RLY. STN RLY. STN

TURAMDIH

Not to the Scale



2.4 SIZE OF OPERATION

2.4.1 Lease Area The lease area of Bhatin Mine is 142.98 ha under village of Bhatin which is part of contiguous

lease of Jaduguda & Bhatin complex of 531.21 ha (1312.62 acres). The lease had been granted by the Government of Bihar in 1986. Subsequently application has been made for second renewal in September 2006 for the period of 20 years. The schedule of land of Bhatin

lease area is given in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Land Schedule of Lease Area

Sr. No.

Category of Land Area (in ha)

Area (in %)

1. Forest 54.53 37.64

2. Government 7.02 4.91

3. Private 81.43 57.45

Total 142.98 100.00

Mining lease area is shown in drawing UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/2.1. Surface layout showing

various installations is shown in drawing UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/2.2.

2.5 SCHEDULES OF PRODUCTION

The proposed production schedule for the mine for next five years is given in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2: Proposed production rate of Bhatin Mines for next five years

Sr. No.

Year Annual Production of Mine ( x106 tons)

1 2010-2011 0.042 2 2011-2012 0.042 3 2012-2013 0.042 4 2013-2014 0.042 5 2014-2015 0.042

2.6 LIFE OF MINE Life of mine is expected to be more than 29 years with the projected ore production (From

April 2010).



2.7 GEOLOGY Bhatin Uranium deposit is situated about 4km west of Jaduguda Mines. The deposit is a part

of the Singhbhum thrust Belt and is geologically a western extension of the Jaduguda deposit

separated from it by a large fault called Tirukocha fault. The Tirukocha fault is an oblique fault with horizontal displacement of about 300 meters.

Bhatin was discovered in 1950-51. Drilling and exploratory mining was started in 1961 and continued upto 1975. The deposit is broadly divided into three blocks – Western Bhatin and

Eastern Bhatin and Eastern most Bhatin, all the three blocks are separated by Bhatin faults.

Mining activity at Bhatin mine was commissioned in 1983 and it is mostly confined to Western

Bhatin only.

Development of Eastern Bhatin block was also carried out up to 3rd level. 5th level, 6th level

and 7th level are under drive development in Eastern Bhatin. Eastern most Bhatin is yet to be developed. The major rock type of the region are metamorphosed peletics and volcanic

sequences consisting schists, quartzites, metabasics of Chaibasa and Dhanjori group of rocks

of iron ore series of Precambrian age. The ore body at Bhatin is lenticular and explored up to the depth of 600 meter from surface. The lower limit of the ore body is not exposed. The

strike length of the ore body near surface is about 1000 meter with average thickness of 3

meter and average dip of 40 degree.

2.7.1 Regional Geology

Uranium deposits of the region constitute a part of NW-SE trending Singhbhum thrust belt

extending over a distance of about 160 km from Duarpuram in the west to Baharagora in the south east through Jaduguda, Rakha, Surda, Mosabani and Bagjata. The major rock types of

the region are metamorphosed pelitic and volcanic sequences constituting schists, quartzites,

metabasics of Chaibasa and Dhanjori group of rocks of iron ore series of Precambrian age.

2.7.2 Local Geology and Structure

The Bhatin area forms a part of the Precambrian, regionally metamorphosed tract of the

Singhbhum shear zone. In this sector the shear zone passes through the Iron ore series

running south-eastwards.

Rocks at Bhatin belong to the biotite-chlorite sub-facies (grade of metamorphism) in which

biotite and chlorite is intimately intergrown and marginal replacement relations are quite common. Shearing coupled with silicification, felspathisation, tourmalinisation and other

metasomatic activities have resulted in converting metalavas into biotite-chlorite-quartz-schist

and associated rocks. The important lithological units of the area are as follows.



The general strike of the rocks of area is NW-SE with dip varying between 35o to 50o due

North-East. Lithological units have been subjected to intense folding resulting into a major

regional over fold. The axial plane of the regional fold runs parallel to the strike of foliation observed in the rocks. Shearing has taken place along the axial plane of the fold. The shear

zone has been the major site for mineralization in this region.

2.7.3 Geological Cross Sections Rock Types

The rock types seen in Jaduguda hill from north to south are Garnetiferous-muscovite schist

Quartzite (cherty)

Muscovite-kyanite-quartz schist

Mylonite

Quartz breccia

Conglomerate (autoclastic)

Quartz-chlorite-biotite-apatite-uraninite schist (Granular rock)]

Chlorite-biotite-quartz rock

Talc-chlorite schist

Coarse grained quartzite

Epidiorite with intermittent thin quartzite

These rocks are of varying thickness both along strike and dip of all the rock types, the cherry quartzite bed of Chaibasa stage, because of its persistency, is considered as MARKER BAND.

It is about 2m wide. Geological map showing Singhbhum Shear Zone and Geological Section

of Bhatin mine are given in Figure 2.2 and 2.3.

CHAIBASA STAGE

DHANJORI STAGE

SHEARED ZONE



Figure 2.2: Geological Map Showing Singhbhum Shear Zone



Figure 2.3: Geological Section of Bhatin Mine

Adit-4



2.7.4 Base Data The geological and radiometric logs of the drill holes, assay plans, as well as the chemical

analysis of the borehole cores/cuttings have been considered as basic input for the

delineation of ore geometry. The radiometric down the whole assay values and results of chemical analysis have been used for the purpose of reserves and quality assessment. On

the basis of the borehole logs and geological interpretation, geological cross sections on

1:2000 scales have been developed showing lithological units and mineralized zones which have been considered for reserve estimation.

2.7.5 Physiography and Drainage

The area under study is situated in Singhbhum shear zone, which is characterized by gentle to moderately steep or steep slopes. The leasehold area is to the north and west of a small hill

range. The ground level elevation of the site varies between 125 – 255 mRL with peak at the

255 mRL. General ground level gradually slopes towards the NE. The NE quadrant of the study area is slightly undulating but devoid of hills. In the buffer zone, forest on the hills in

south and southeast directions exists.

The natural drainage system is distinct due to hilly topography and well defined gradients in parts of the study area. The River Subarnarekha flows from NW to SE of the lease area, as

shown in Figure 2.4. The lease area lies in hill of about 5 km wide extending in the NW to SE

direction. The area is drained by the Gara Nalla, which flow towards North Eastern part of the lease area and joined the Subarnarekha River near Digri Ashram. Major part of the area has

dendritic drainage pattern. The hill ranges are drained by seasonal streams, which form the

part of the Subarnarekha River system. The Gara Nalla receives water through streams flowing down from the hills on both its banks. The details of site elevation, working depth etc.

is given in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3: Information on site elevation, working depth & ground water table

Details BGL (m) AMSL (mRL)

General elevation of site -- 125 to 255

Working Depth 181.17* -44.20

Deepest Point 205 -67.50

Ground Water table 3.24 to 7.74 133.73 to 129.23 *Reference level: 136.97 mRL



Figure 2.4: Drainage Network within 10km of Bhatin Mine Lease

!(

!(

!(

Subernarekha River

Gara NallaGara Nalla

Bhatin

Jaduguda

Narwapahar

Gara Nalla

Gara Nalla

Subarnarekha River

!(

!(

!(

Subernarekha River

Gara NallaGara Nalla

Bhatin

Jaduguda

Narwapahar

Gara Nalla

Gara Nalla

Subarnarekha River



2.7.6 Mineralization Uranium mineralization in the region has taken place along the axial plane of fold in two

phases. In the first phase, high temperature mineralization has resulted in apatite, magnetite,

ilmenite and uraninite, whereas, the later low temperature sulphide phase has caused sulphide mineralization in the shear zone. Uranium in the form of Uraninite and Pitchblende is

associated with the high temperature oxide phase. However, no sulphide mineralization has

been encountered in the Bhatin area.

The mineralizing fluid has been localized by the axial plane shear and thickened up the cross

folds and confined to the zone of shearing. Uranium mineralization in the area is mainly confined in the quartz-biotite- chlorite schist and quartz-biotite-sericite schist. However, the

intensity of mineralization varies in both strike and dip directions. The width of mineralized zone varies between 1 m to 12 m with a variation in grade. Mineral composition of the ore is

given in the Table 2.4:

Table 2.4: Mineralogical composition of ore

Sr. No. Composition Percentage by weight

1. U3O8 0.04 2. SiO2 66.90 3. FeO & Fe2O3 13.73 4. Al2O3 8.15 5. CaO 2.44 6. MgO 3.77 7. P2O5 1.05

8. Na2O 1.20

9. K2O 1.38

10. Mn, Cu, Ni, Mo, S & F 0.77

11. TiO2 , & SO2, 0.57

2.8 USE OF MINERAL

The ore from the mine is being processed at the ore processing plant, Jaduguda. The uranium is extracted in the form of magnesium di-uranate concentrate (yellow cake) and transported

to Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC) Hyderabad, for further processing and fabrication of nuclear

grade materials.



2.9 MINING

2.9.1 Nature and Behavior of Ore Body Bhatin deposit is located in almost foot hills of small hill ranges. Uranium ore body is exposed

at the top of the hills. On southern and eastern and western side of the deposit are hill ranges at a distance of about 1 km.

The ore is bracciated quartzite and quite competent. The rock in hanging wall and footwall is

good. However, the presence of talc schist in the FW of the ore body makes it difficult to have extensive footwall development. The ore body is divided into two major lenses i.e. footwall

lode and hangwall lode. The hangwall lode is the main ore body and extends from surface to

deepest point.

2.9.2 Method of Working The method of working for Bhatin Mine is horizontal Cut & Fill method. A slice of 2m thick

rock is cut and 2m from bottom is filled up by classified ore processing plant tailings. The

horizontal slice is taken by drilling upper hole or by horizontal holes. The method is cyclic in nature. The effective stope production time is the slicing only. The rest time is engaged in

stope preparation and filling. Underground section showing Cut & Fill method is illustrated in

Figure 2.5. The main method of supporting mechanism is by Rock Bolting (Full column grouted type rock bolts).

The mine has been developed in levels with a vertical level interval of 25 m and 50 m. The mining cycle involves the following steps in sequence.

Identification & delineations of ore body Preparation of stope

Drilling & blasting of the ore body

Collection of the broken ore (mucking operation) Transportation of ore to the central ore pass

Under ground survey Negligible quantity of waste rock is generated during development of permanent excavations

like crosscuts, pump chambers, substations and ore transfer raises. Waste rock produced is

dumped in underground working area. Following are the main activities carried out in the mines:

Movement of men and materials (Hoisting) Drilling



Blasting

Loose dressing and support

Mucking and Tramming Stowing

Dewatering

Ventilation Service facilities on surface, such as air compressors, electrical sub-station, etc

Figure 2.5: Section of Cut & Fill Method of Mining of Bhatin Mine

Present status

Bhatin Mine is one of the old uranium mines in India equipped with two inclined shafts. One

shaft is upto VII A Level (210m) and the other is upto VI level. Level interval is 25m to 50m.

Both shafts are connected with different levels, but the VII Level and VII A Level are connected with only one shaft. The mine is worked by horizontal cut and fills method. The

stope machinery for drilling and mucking is captive in nature. The broken ore is taken to the

level by ore transfer chute. The mine car is loaded at the level from the ore chute. The tailing from Jaduguda ore processing plant is used for filling up the stopes. The level tramming is

done manually. The mine car once loaded is dumped at the ore pass and then the ore is

Not to the Scale



hoisted by skip through inclined shafts. Two ventilation fans located at boundaries which

ventilate the mine.

The present working depth of mine is about 181 m and the deepest point is 205 m from the

surface. The strike length is about 500 m at VII level. The longitudinal section of Bhatin mine

is given in drawing UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/2.3. The transverse section of along winze W400 is shown in Figure 2.6.

Figure 2.6: Transverse section of mine along W400 winze.

2.9.3 Hoisting System

Bhatin mine is equipped with 02 no’s of 60 HP (45 KW) double drum winders manufactured and installed by M/s Bharat Gold Mines Ltd, in 1986-87. The details of hoisting system are

given in Table 2.5 as follows:

Table 2.5: Details of winders and hoisting system

Sr. No. Parameters Specifications

1. Drum diameter (m) 1900 mm

2. Depth of winder 400 m



Sr. No. Parameters Specifications

3. Pay load 1500 kg

4. Wight of skip 1000 kg

5. Rope size 1900 mm Φ (langs lay)

6. Rope weight 1.29 kg/m

7. Drum capacity 550m of 19 mm langs lay rope

8. Nominal breaking load of rope 19.2 tones

9. Total suspension load 3000 kg

10. Factor of safety 10

11. Drum speed 23.15 rpm

12. Gear ratio 31.5

13. Motor speed 720 rpm

14. Peak HP 70

15. RMS HP 47

16. Recommended HP 60

2.9.4 Blasting Pattern Blasting is carried out using explosives, detonators, exploders and accessories. Explosives are

stored in a central magazine at Jharia, about 2 km from Bhatin Mine. This magazine caters to

the needs of all-underground mine of UCIL located at Singhbhum East. There is a transit magazine at Bhatin for temporary storage of explosive material, before issuing in the

underground workings. The storage capacity for explosives is 0.1 tones and 1000 detonators.

The detail of magazine is given in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6: Details of Magazine

Magazine Location Explosives Storage Capacity (T)

Detonators Storage Capacity (Nos)

Jharia 44 176000

Site Magazine Bhatin 0.1 1000 Note:

Location, building design and its safety provisions, road, fencing etc., conform to the requirements of Indian Explosives Act-1884 and approved by Chief Controller of Explosives.

The blasting practices in underground mine is being carried out in strict accordance with the rules stipulated in the Metalliferous Mines Regulations, 1961 and the Indian Explosives Act,

1884.

In practice two types of faces are blasted in Bhatin mine:



Development Faces

For development faces whether in ore or waste, it is in practice to use the 2.4 m x 2.4 m cross section. In practice Burn cut drill pattern, Wedge cut drill pattern, and Fan cut drill

pattern are used.

Hole diameter : 32 mm Depth of hole : 1.6 to 2.4 m

Explosive : Emulsion of 25mm dia

Charge per hole : 750 grms Primer : 1 per hole.

Detonator : Electric delay detonators (millisecond and half second delay)

Stope Faces

Jack hammers are used in stope for slice drilling, about 32 nos. of 32 mm dia holes. The depth of the hole is 1.6 m important blasting parameters are as follows:

Hole diameter : 32 mm Depth of hole : 1.6 m

Explosive : Emulsion of 25mm dia

Charge per hole : 0.5 kg Primer : 1 per hole.

Detonator : Electric delay detonators (millisecond and half second delay)

2.9.5 Types of Explosive used Emulsion explosives (mixture of Ammonium Nitrate and high speed diesel, oxidizing agent and

sensitizer), are used for blasting. Electric delay detonator both millisecond delays and half

second delays are used depending upon the convenience.

Powder factor

For development face powder factor is 1.7 kg/t and for stope face blasting powder factor is 0.5 kg/t.

2.9.6 Mine Ventilation System

The ventilation system for Bhatin mine is like any other underground metals mine, ascensional ventilation. The mine is ventilated with the help of two exhaust fans (PV-160 & PV-120)



installed at Adit-3 & Adit-1 with the combined capacity of 45 m3/sec. Winze W400 is used for

main intake for mines and the return via western side raises, W240 winze and eastern side

raise. The bottom most level is connected to the rest of the mine. The blind headings are ventilated by auxiliary fans whenever necessary. Air from auxiliary fans is taken to the

working face by means of ventilation duct. Flexible ducts of different sizes are used

depending upon the requirement. Ventilation doors and regulators are also used in underground for coursing the ventilating air.

2.9.7 Dewatering System

The presence of water in the underground is due to seepage, water from wet drilling and the water used for conveying stowing material. Water from these sources, at each level, is

conveyed through a system of drainage, and collected in sumps located in different levels. Pumps are located in these sumps to pump the collected water. Quantity of water discharged

per day is 100 m3/day. The detail of watering system is shown in Table 2.7 & Table 2.8. The water pumping flow diagram is shown in Figure 2.7.

Table 2.7: Sump Details

Item Minimum Number Of

Pump Required No. of Pump Installed

II Level Sump 1 1

VI Level Sump 2 2

VIIA Level Sump 2 3

Table 2.8: Water pumping details

PARAMETER Pumps Type

WKSB100/10 Pumps Type WKSB50/2

Pumps Type WKSB50/4

Total Number of pumps 2 1 2

Minimum required 2 1 2

Total Standby 1 2 1

Capacity, each ( m3/h) 54 16 27

Head (mm) 184 65 122

Shaft Bottom SURFACE

Figure 2.7: Flow diagram of pumping arrangements in Bhatin Mine

Pump at VIIA Level

Pump at VI

Level

Pump at II

Level



2.9.8 Equipments Used in Mine List of equipment being used in the Bhatin Mine along with their power consumption is given

in Table 2.9.

Table 2.9: List of Equipment Engaged in Bhatin Mine

Sl. No. Name No. in Operation

Power Rating in KW

Installed at surface 1 Pumps 8 126 2 Compressors and accessories 5 632

Installed at underground 1 Winder 2 90

2 Ventilation fan 3 116

3 Dewatering pumps 5 113

4 Locomotives 2 39

5 CAVO/Hopper loader/824 7 122

6 Rocker shovel 8 52

Stope wise equipment deployed at underground

Ventilation Drive CAVO V Level

CRI stope drive Hopper Loader

VI Level 210 stope Hopper Loader 210 stope Hopper Loader

VII Level 580 stope Hopper Loader

Compressors installed at mines are having following specifications Table 2.10.

Table 2.10: Compressor Details

Sl. No. Description Rating KW Voltage Make

1 Compressor No.1 120 440 volts KG Khosa

2 Compressor No.2 93 440 volts KG Khosa 3 Compressor No.3 120 440 volts KG Khosa 4 Compressor No.4 200 440 volts ATLAS COPCO

5 Compressor No.5 200 440 volts ATLAS COPCO



2.10 POWER AND FUEL REQUIREMENT

2.10.1 Energy Requirement and Fuel Consumptions Power and fuel consumption at Bhatin mine is given in the Table 2.11.

Table 2.11: Power Consumption in the Bhatin Mine

Sl. No.

Element Present Proposed Total

1. Power, MVA 1 Nil 1

2. Diesel, Lit/d 12 Nil 12

2.10.2 Power Distribution System

The electric power for the mine is received at surface sub-station from the Main Receiving Station (MRS). The MRS is located at the Jaduguda ore process plant. Power supply is fed to

Electrical sub-station of mines by two parallel feeders at 6.6 KV, 3 phases, 50 Hz. The power

is stepped down from 6.6KV to 440 volts by two transformers 500KVA load which is used for winding, ventilation and de-watering, and also for illumination of the mine. Emergency power

is taken from Jaduguda ore process plant for principle machines in mine i.e:

1) Main ventilation fans, 2) Winder &

3) Dewatering pumps

The ventilation fans are in continuous operation. The winder and the dewatering pumps are

operated in a staggered fashion.

2.11 WATER REQUIREMENT The existing barrage of UCIL caters the need of total fresh water demand for the

establishments. The barrage has been constructed on Gara Nala River, which is 2 km away

from mine. There are five numbers of gates, normally remains closed. The catchments area of the barrage is 6.6 km2 and capacity is 1.4 Mm3. Mine water is recycled and used for mining

operations like drilling, sand stowing, dust suppression etc. Drinking water supplied to mine

complex and colony is taken from WTP Jaduguda. Water is distributed through network of pipelines to different places. The details of water demand of Bhatin mine is giiven in Table 2.12. The water balance diagram is shown in Figure 2.8.



Table 2.12: Water Requirement for the Bhatin mine

Sl. No.

Source Present Water Demand (m3/d)

Proposed Demand (m3/d)

Source

1 WTP Jaduguda 110 Nil Gara river

Detailed water balance is shown in Figure 2.8

2.12 AUXILIARY FACILITIES The mine is having maintenance workshop, central stores, telecommunication network, rest

center, canteen and adequate fire fighting arrangements. The services of weighbridge, Health

Physics Unit of BARC, Vocational Training Centre, Rescue Centre and Hospital etc are shared with Jaduguda Mine.

2.13 MANPOWER

The total manpower presently engaged in the Bhatin mine is 196, including 186 mine workers and others are executive officers.

Sl. No. Category Nos

1 Officers 04

2 Supervisors 06

3 Workman 186

TOTAL 196

No additional manpower is required for the proposed lease renewal.



Figure 2.8: Water balance of Bhatin

Intake from WTP (110)

Drinking & Pit-Head Bath

Stowing

10

Loss 15

Dust Suppression

Green Belt/Lawn

Soak pit 25

40

5

15

ETP Jaduguda

Bhatin Colony10 Soak pit

Public15

100Mine Discharge

6

Intake from WTP (110)

Drinking & Pit-Head Bath

Stowing

10

Loss 15

Dust Suppression

Green Belt/Lawn

Soak pit 25

40

5

15

ETP Jaduguda

Bhatin Colony10 Soak pit

Public15

100Mine Discharge

6

N

Lease Boundary

Lease Boundary

Lease Boundary

Lease Boundary

BH

ATIN

MIN

ES

Total Mining Lease area = 142.98 H

ectare

Total Forest Land = 54.53 Hectare

Total Govt. Land = 7.02 H

ectare

Total Private. Land = 81.43 Hectare

GO

VT. LA

ND

FOR

EST LAN

D

PRIV

ATE LA

ND

LEGEN

D : -

MIN

ING

LEASE B

OU

ND

AR

Y -

RO

AD

MIN

ING

LEASE PLA

N O

F BHA

TIN M

INE

Bhatin M

ine

URA

NIU

M CO

RPORA

TION

OF IN

DIA

LIMITED

CEN

TRA

L INSTITU

TE OF M

ININ

G &

FUEL RESEA

RCH (C

ouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research)

(A G

ovt of India Enterprise)

DR

AW

N B

Y

SCA

LE -1: 7000

APPR

OV

ED B

Y

CH

ECK

ED B

Y

DRG

. NO

. - UC

IL / BTN / EIA

/ MoEF / 2.1

KEY

PLAN

JAD

UG

UD

A M

INE LEA

SE

DA

TE - 01 / 12 / 2010

Narw

aphar

JADU

GU

DA

Narw

aphar

JADU

GU

DA

0.00

+200

+400

+600

+800

-200

+1000-200

00+200

+400+600

+800+1000

+1200

GUARD ROOM

COMP HOUSE

S T O R E Y A R D

S T O R E

ORFBIN I.D.

I.D.

R O

ELECT

MINES OFFICE

CHANGEROOM

CYCLE STAND

GUARD ROOM

COMP HOUSE

S T O R E Y A R D

S T O R E

SE

CU

RIT

Y

BARRACK

ORFBIN I.D.

I.D.

AT10T8

ELECTS/STN

MINES OFFICE

(M.S.L +136.9669 )

CHANGEROOM

CYCLE STAND

T3

MAIN GATE

STO

RM

WA

TER

DR

AIN

145

140

135160

155

150

145

140

135

130

N

M A G A Z I N E

-100 0 +100 +200

150

155

160

165

130

+300

+200

DATE- 01/12/2010

DRG.NO. UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/2.2SCALE - 1 : 1500

APPROVED BY

CHECKED BY

DRAWN BY:

Bhatin Mine(A Govt. of India Enterprise)

URANIUM CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED

(Council of Scientific & Industrial Research )

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF MINING & FUEL RESEARCH

190

180

175

170

185

165

LEGEND

BOUNDARY WALL

ADIT ADIT

PLANTATION

CONTOUR

JADUGUDA MINE LEASE

125

125

+400

Narwapahar

Jaduguda

Road

Road

Road

D

-200

KEY PLAN

AD

IT-3

JAD

UG

UD

A M

INE LEASE

KEY PLAN

CEN

TRAL IN

STITUTE

OF M

ININ

G &

FUEL RESEA

RCH

(Council of Scientific & Industrial Research)

URA

NIU

M CO

RPORA

TION

OF IN

DIA

LIMITED

(A G

ovt. of India Enterprise)

Bhatin Mine

DRA

WN

BY:

CH

EC

KE

D BY

APPRO

VE

D BY

SCALE

- 1: 3000D

RG.N

O. U

CIL/BTN

/EIA/M

oEF/2.3

DA

TE - 01/12/2010

AD

IT-2A

DIT-1

140 VENT.RAISE

E-0 VENT RAISEE-0 VENT RAISE

S63°E

W0 WINIZE

N63°W

W-240 WINZE

AD

IT-4



Chapter 3

PRESENT BASELINE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

To assess the impact of mining on different components of environment, monitoring of air, water, noise and soil environment has been carried out on seasonal basis at different pre-

selected sites. Parameters monitored to assess environmental status were discussed briefly in

following paragraphs.

3.2 SCOPE OF BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

The scope of work as per TOR issue by MoEF includes generation of baseline environmental

data for one season (non monsoon) and preparation of EIA/EMP reports with respect to ongoing UCIL’s operations at Bhatin mine in East Singhbhum of Jharkhand in accordance with

the latest stipulation of Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF), Government of India and

Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board as per following details:

3.2.1 Collection and Evaluation of Baseline Data Within an Impact Zone of 10 km Radius from Lease Boundary

Collection and evaluation of baseline data for various environmental & socio-economic

parameters in and around the proposed sites (within 10 km radius of the study area from the

lease boundary). The locations of sampling points were decided after considering local topography, drainage pattern , wind direction and settlement around the project.

3.2.1.1 Project Profile Details of project with location, material required, land, utilities & services etc. were collected.

3.2.1.2 Physiography and Drainage

Drainage pattern and Physiographic features of the study area has been made with the help

of satellite imageries and field survey.

3.2.1.3 Micrometeorology Data and Climatic Conditions Meteorological data (wind velocity, wind direction, ambient atmospheric temperature,

humidity, and total rainfall) were collected from nearest meterological observatory.



3.2.1.4 Air Quality

Monitoring of ambient air quality (AAQ) within impact zone of 10 km radius of the study area was conducted at six (6) stations. The parameters monitored are Suspended Particulate

Matter (SPM), Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Sulphur dioxide

(SO2),. Monitoring of ambient air quality was carried out for one full season (winter) twice a week at all the stations along with 24 hourly samples. Dust fall at each AAQ station was measured as monthly average during the monitoring period.

3.2.1.5 Water Source & Quality

Surface, ground and effluent water quality assessment were made as per EPA norms. Total

ten samples out of which four (4) ground water, five (5) surface water and one (1) effluent sample were collected for water quality monitoring. All the samples were analyzed for water

quality parameters as per IS:10500 and as per surface water standards respectively.

3.2.1.6 Noise Level

Noise measurement was carried out at six (6) locations on hourly basis.

3.2.1.7 Soil Characteristics Soil samples were taken from five (5) different locations. Physio-chemical, exchangeable

cations, nutrients & micro nutrients etc. were analyzed.

3.2.1.8 Studies of Flora & Fauna, Demographic, Occupational & Socio-Economic

Parameters and Land Use Pattern within Study Area of 10 km Radius

Assessment of existing status of flora & fauna, demographic and socio-economic parameters.

Land use pattern within study area was carried out by satellite imagery, to interpret the existing land use pattern.

3.2.1.9 Radiological Environment within Impact Zone Radiological parameters e.g. external gamma radiation, radon in air, U(nat) & radium in water

and soil samples have been incorporated in the report. These data have been provided through Health Physics Unit of Bhabha Atomic Research Center, (BARC) Jaduguda.



3.2.2 Identification of Pollution Potential due to Project Activities Identification of pollution potential due to project activities on, air quality, noise levels, water

quality (GW & Surface water bodies), soil quality, ecology (Flora & Fauna), land use pattern,

occupational structure & socio-economic environment and radiological environment have been carried out.

3.2.3 Assessment and Evaluation of Impacts of the Project Activities

Based on the baseline data and other information compiled, the likely impacts of the project activities on different environmental parameters were analyzed and an EIA statement has

been made.

Water balance for the project has been prepared. Separate hydrogeological studies as per

guideline of “Technical committee for ground water potential estimation, 1997” for the project

has been prepared to evaluate the impact of water resource.

3.2.4 Preparation of Environmental Management Plan

A comprehensive Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared covering all the

aspects of pollution prevention measures of air, water, solid & hazardous waste management,

radiological aspect, green belt development & afforestation, flora & fauna protection measures, environmental surveillance and good environmental management practices to

comply the statutory requirements.

3.2.5 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan Risk assessment and Disaster Management Plan (DMP) including roof fall, surface subsidence,

inundation, use of explosive etc have been prepared.

3.3 DESCRIPTION OF PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

3.3.1 Air Environment Dispersion of air pollutants from the source depends on micro-meteorological parameters of

the area. Micro-meteorological parameters are essential to assess the pollution level in the

area which helps for necessary action as precautionary measures.



3.3.1.1 Micro-Meteorology

The meteorological parameters depict the weather condition and the climate of the area as dry humid and sub-tropical. It is characterised by hot and dry summer from March to May,

rainy season from June to October and cold winter spreading from November to February.

The study area lies in tropical region where climate is characterized by very hot summers and cold winters. However, the winter temperatures of the study area indicate that it is in the sub-tropical region. Summer is typically from mid March to mid June when temperature ranges

from a maximum of 37oC during daytime (08.30 am) to a minimum of 20oC at night times

(17.30 pm). Occasionally, temperature shoots up to 44oC in the month of June. Winter is from December to February when the maximum temperature during day goes up to 30oC and

minimum temperature at night becomes as low as 20oC. Sometime it lowers down upto 9oC

in the month of December-January in the mid night. The average annual relative humidity is about 56%. Monthly average of metrological data has been collected from nearest IMD

station from June 2005 to May 2006 and presented in the Table 3.1.

Table 3.1: Average monthly meteorological data of the study area

Months Barometric

Pressure (HPA) Temp. (°C)

RH (%)

Rainfall (mm)

Wind Speed (km/hr)

June 2005 982.92 36.62 43.27 163.0 4.47 July 2005 1270.53 29.46 76.94 231.5 3.81 August 2005 985.23 30.08 74.71 167.1 2.97 September 2005 989.57 29.62 74.30 152.8 6.10 October 2005 995.27 27.41 75.71 152.7 1.23 November 2005 999.33 22.78 67.27 0.0 0.13 December 2005 999.99 20.26 63.97 67.3 0.00 January 2006 1000.30 23.08 49.45 0.5 8.00 February 2006 997.81 30.31 31.91 0.5 9.60 March 2006 995.70 31.77 32.74 2.4 5.11 April 2006 991.26 36.25 29.03 37.1 8.80 May 2006 988.66 32.69 53.87 193.5 0.98

Total 1168.4

Major rainfall occurs by south-west monsoon with maximum rainfall occurring in the month of August. As per IMD record, the maximum rainfall recorded in this region is 231.5 mm in July

2005. The maximum rainfall recorded at Jaduguda is 390 mm on 17th July 2008. The average

annual rainfall in the area is reported to be 1168 mm during 2005-2006. Number of rainy days in a year is about 60-82 days. The wind speed of the area varies from calm to 9.60

km/hr. However, the cyclone with wind velocity of about 50-80 km/hr is also occurred during

the late summer and monsoon months. Wind velocity and wind direction data for winter season is given in Table 3.2 & 3.3 with subsequent wind rose diagram in Figure 3.1 & 3.2.



Figure 3.1: Wind Rose Diagram for Day Time in Winter Season

Table 3.2: Wind frequency distribution during winter season (Day)

Day Time

Velocity Ranges ( km/hr)

Wind Direction

0<V<= -4km/h

4<V<= -8km/h

8<V<= 12km/h

2<V<= 16km/h

Sum %

NE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NW 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.50

W 26.67 1.67 0.00 0.00 28.34

E 1.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.67

S 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

SE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

SW 1.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.67

SUM % 32.51 1.67 0.00 0.00 34.18

CALM (V<1.6 Km/hr) = 65.82 %



Figure 3.2: Wind Rose Diagram for Night Time in Winter Season

Table 3.3: Wind frequency distribution during winter season (Night)

Night Time (17.30)

Velocity Ranges (km/hr) Wind

Direction 0<V<= -4km/h

4<V<= -8km/h

8<V<= 12km/h

12<V<= 16km/h

Sum %

NE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NW 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.83

W 0.00 0.83 0.83 0.83 2.49

E 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.83

S 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

SE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

SW 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

SUM % 1.66 0.83 0.83 0.83 4.15

CALM (V<1.6 Km/hr) = 95.85 %

The above tables and subsequent wind rose diagrams revealed that the predominant wind

direction in the area as observed at IMD observatoty, Jamshedpur is W (west). Calm conditions in night observes as 95.85% followed by 65.82% in day.



3.3.1.2 Air Quality

Different parameters like SPM, RSPM (PM10), SO2 and NOx were identified as related to the project activities for representing baseline status of ambient air quality within the study area.

3.3.1.3 Sampling and Analysis To assess the baseline ambient air quality, six (6) number monitoring stations were selected

in core and buffer zone area. Four (4) ambient air quality monitoring stations (AAQMS) were

selected in buffer zone while two (2) were selected in core zone. The sampling stations have been selected on the basis of wind direction and other meteorological parameters. As the

topography of the area is hilly and the project is situated at foot hill which form an air-shed,

two AAQMS (A4 & A5) of buffer zone were selected along the air shed in SE-NW direction while other two (A3 & A6) were selected along NE-SW direction. Details of sampling stations

along with the source of air pollution are given in Table 3.4. The location of AAQMS are

depicted in Figure 3.3. Methods and instrument used for air pollutant analysis are given in Table 3.5.

Table 3.4: Details of sampling locations

Stn. Code

Location Source of Air Pollution Distance and

direction from lease area periphery (km)

CORE ZONE

A1 Bhatin Mine Background pollutants due to mining & transportation.

Within the lease area of Bhatin Mine

A2 Bhatin Colony Background pollutants due to mining, transportation and domestic activities.

Within the lease area of Bhatin Mine

BUFFER ZONE

A3 Bhatin Village Background pollutants due to agricultural, domestic works, and transportation activities in surrounding area

<0.5 km from the lease area of Bhatin Mine

A4 Jaduguda, Near HPU

Background pollutants due to domestic works, commercial, mining and transportation activities.

<5.0km from the mine lease area of Bhatin Mine

A5 Hartopa Village Background pollutants due to domestic works, commercial, mining and transportation activities.

>5.0km from the lease area of Bhatin Mine

A6 Kalikapur Village

Background pollutants due to agricultural, domestic works, and transportation activities in surrounding area

>5.0km from the lease area of Bhatin Mine



Figure 3.3: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Kalikapur VillageA6

Hartopa VillageA5

Jaduguda, Near HPUA4

Bhatin VillageA3

BUFFER ZONE

Bhatin ColonyA2

Bhatin MineA1

CORE ZONE

NAMECODE

Kalikapur VillageA6

Hartopa VillageA5

Jaduguda, Near HPUA4

Bhatin VillageA3

BUFFER ZONE

Bhatin ColonyA2

Bhatin MineA1

CORE ZONE

NAMECODE

A1

A2

A3

A4

A6

A5



Table 3.5 Methodology and instrument used for air quality analysis

Parameter Method Instrument

SPM & RPM

(PM10) IS-5182 Part XIV

High Volume Sampler (HVS) with

RPM attachment

SO2 IS-5182 Part II (Improved West & Geake method)

HVS with gaseous attachment

NOx IS-5182 Part II (Jacob Hochheiser

modified method) HVS with gaseous attachment

3.3.1.4 Duration of Sampling

At each monitoring stations, samples were collected twice a weak for 12 weeks of 24 hour

interval for measuring of RPM (PM10), SPM, SO2, and NOx.

3.3.1.5 Results and Discussions The result of air quality monitoring is given in Table 3.6 to 3.11. Ambient air quality of core

zone show that the SPM values ranges from 105 g/m3 to 205 g/m3 and RPM (PM10) values

vary from 49 g/m3 to 89 g/m3. SO2 and NOx values vary as <10 g/m3 to 14 g/m3 & <10

g/m3 to 18 g/m3 respectively. In buffer zone concentration of SPM ranges from 96 g/m3 to

261 g/m3. The RPM (PM10) value ranges from 35 g/m3 to 98 g/m3. SO2 and NOx

concentration ranges from <10 g/m3 to 17 g/m3 and <10 g/m3 to 32 g/m3 respectively.

All values are within permissible limits of National Ambient Air Quality Standards-2009 as mentioned in Table 3.12.



Table 3.6: Ambiant air quality in core zone – Bhatin Mine

Period Parameters (µg/m3)

Month Days RPM (PM10) SPM SO2 NOx

24.12.07 74 175 <10 <10 December-2007 27.12.07 75 190 12 13

01.01.08 60 134 <10 16

04.01.08 82 175 <10 15

07.01.08 85 202 <10 <10

10.01.08 78 181 <10 13

15.01.08 81 181 12 13

17.01.08 74 165 <10 12

22.01.08 83 185 13 <10

25.01.08 53 111 <10 13

28.01.08 72 185 <10 16

January-2008

31.01.08 65 191 <10 14

04.02.08 83 205 <10 13

07.02.08 67 121 <10 16

11.02.08 89 196 <10 16

14.02.08 85 196 <10 <10

18.02.08 60 168 11 12

21.02.08 55 140 <10 12

25.02.08 68 146 <10 <10

February-2008

28.02.08 63 130 <10 14

03.03.08 78 189 <10 15

06.03.08 72 185 <10 14

10.03.08 82 179 <10 16 March -2008

13.03.08 66 111 <10 14

Maximum 89 205 13 16

Minimum 53 111 <10 10

Average 73 168 10 13

98 Percentile 87 204 13 16



Table 3.7: Ambiant air quality in core zone – Bhatin colony



24.12.07 61 150 <10 11 December-2007 27.12.07 89 180 12 12

01.01.08 52 112 11 13

04.01.08 75 146 12 14

07.01.08 82 164 11 15

10.01.08 79 158 13 12

15.01.08 64 139 <10 11

17.01.08 61 145 14 <10

22.01.08 76 190 <10 11

25.01.08 52 115 <10 15

28.01.08 71 154 <10 12

January - 2008

31.01.08 86 172 12 14

04.02.08 80 198 <10 18

07.02.08 56 105 13 12

11.02.08 75 140 <10 13

14.02.08 78 152 11 <10

18.02.08 58 159 14 11

21.02.08 50 122 12 14

25.02.08 52 135 <10 16

February -2008

28.02.08 60 128 12 16

03.03.08 69 118 11 13

06.03.08 74 162 14 14

10.03.08 70 173 12 <10 March -2008

13.03.08 49 115 13 14

Maximum 89 198 14 18

Minimum 49 105 <10 <10

Average 67 147 12 13

98 Percentile 88 194 14 17



Table 3.8: Ambiant air quality in buffer zone – Bhatin village



24.12.07 57 125 12 14 December-2007 27.12.07 80 158 13 14

01.01.08 58 132 <10 22

04.01.08 78 155 12 12

07.01.08 62 135 13 16

10.01.08 95 205 <10 13

15.01.08 55 115 11 20

17.01.08 42 105 <10 18

22.01.08 75 165 14 22

25.01.08 62 142 <10 14

28.01.08 58 132 13 24

January -2008

31.01.08 65 128 <10 16

04.02.08 77 178 11 22

07.02.08 72 165 <10 12

11.02.08 68 160 <10 21

14.02.08 81 168 14 23

18.02.08 75 157 14 19

21.02.08 62 131 <10 15

25.02.08 58 152 13 16

February -2008

28.02.08 68 127 11 14

03.03.08 82 148 14 19

06.03.08 78 155 <10 23

10.03.08 92 198 14 23 March -2008

13.03.08 85 190 11 22

Maximum 95 205 14 24

Minimum 42 105 <10 12

Average 70 151 12 18

98 Percentile 94 202 14 24



Table 3.9: Ambiant air quality in buffer zone –Jaduguda, Near HPU



24.12.07 84 210 12 26 December-2007 27.12.07 91 218 <10 15

01.01.08 68 198 11 16

04.01.08 82 201 <10 14

07.01.08 96 256 14 22

10.01.08 98 250 <10 14

15.01.08 95 261 <10 14

17.01.08 84 218 <10 14

22.01.08 92 211 <10 12

25.01.08 69 201 12 16

28.01.08 82 228 <10 12

January - 2008

31.01.08 92 242 <10 14

04.02.08 93 205 16 24

07.02.08 87 190 <10 13

11.02.08 95 207 11 15

14.02.08 87 201 <10 16

18.02.08 89 209 12 17

21.02.08 88 199 <10 13

25.02.08 83 183 <10 16

February -2008

28.02.08 73 169 14 14

03.03.08 88 185 14 20

06.03.08 91 208 <10 14

10.03.08 93 209 12 19 March -2008

13.03.08 89 203 <10 14

Maximum 98 261 16 26

Minimum 68 169 <10 12

Average 87 211 11 16

98 Percentile 97 259 15 25



Table 3.10: Ambiant air quality in buffer zone - Hartopa Village



24.12.07 74 198 12 24 December-2007 27.12.07 92 209 <10 16

01.01.08 81 200 <10 14

04.01.08 72 198 <10 15

07.01.08 92 244 14 22

10.01.08 93 248 <10 14

15.01.08 95 243 <10 14

17.01.08 91 231 <10 15

22.01.08 89 201 <10 12

25.01.08 75 201 11 14

28.01.08 62 183 11 <10

January -2008

31.01.08 82 218 <10 11

04.02.08 95 215 12 16

07.02.08 78 198 <10 12

11.02.08 98 245 12 24

14.02.08 78 209 11 15

18.02.08 91 221 <10 13

21.02.08 75 168 <10 12

25.02.08 78 180 <10 12

February -2008

28.02.08 89 184 <10 12

03.03.08 78 198 <10 13

06.03.08 89 199 <10 14

10.03.08 98 210 13 18 March -2008

13.03.08 68 175 <10 12

Maximum 98 248 14 24

Minimum 62 168 <10 <10

Average 84 207 11 15

98 Percentile 98 247 14 24



Table 3.11: Ambiant air quality in buffer zone – Kalikapur village



24.12.07 54 154 12 21 December-2007 27.12.07 35 99 13 26

01.01.08 39 111 16 32

04.01.08 52 162 13 18

07.01.08 51 154 14 22

10.01.08 57 171 14 28

15.01.08 35 96 17 32

17.01.08 41 171 12 21

22.01.08 46 136 14 18

25.01.08 54 143 11 22

28.01.08 35 96 13 21

January -2008

31.01.08 51 166 17 26

04.02.08 57 169 13 30

07.02.08 49 148 11 32

11.02.08 43 136 13 17

14.02.08 48 153 13 28

18.02.08 52 155 15 30

21.02.08 46 142 12 31

25.02.08 54 161 14 26

February -2008

28.02.08 50 167 15 28

03.03.08 41 110 12 22

06.03.08 43 135 14 23

10.03.08 53 159 11 32 March -2008

13.03.08 44 144 17 25

Maximum 57 171 17 32

Minimum 35 96 11 17

Average 47 143 14 26

98 Percentile 57 171 17 32



Table 3.12: National Ambiant Air Quality Standards (Notified by the Central Pollution Control Board on 16th November, 2009)

Note:

*Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval. **24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.

3.3.1.6 Dust Fall

Dust fall rates were recorded at five (5) AAQ monitoring stations for 30 day average during the monitoring period. Seeing as there are no Indian norms, results were compared with

German norm (98 percentile value: 0.65 g/m2/d). Dust fall results are given in the Table 3.13.

Pollutants Time-weighted

average

Industrial/ Residential/ Rural/

Other areas

Eco logically sensitive

areas

Annual Average* 50 20 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) µg/m3

24 hours** 80 80

Annual Average* 40 30 Oxides of Nitrogen as (NOx) µg/m3

24 hours** 80 80

Annual Average* 60 60 Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) (size

less than 10 microns) µg/m3 24 hours** 100 100

Annual Average* 40 40 Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) (size

less than 2.5 microns) or PM2.5 µg/m3 24 hours** 60 60

8 hours** 100 100 Ozone (O3) µg/m3

1 hours** 180 180

Annual Average* 0.5 0.5 Lead (Pb) µg/m3

24 hours** 1.0 1.0

Annual Average* 0.1 0.1 Ammonia mg/ m3

24 hours** 0.4 0.4

8 hours** 2 2 Carbon Monoxide (CO) mg/m3

1 hour 4 4

Benzene µg/m3 Annual* 05 05

Benzo(a) Pyrene (BaP) -particulate phase only, ng/m3

Annual* 01 01

Arsenic µg/m3 Annual* 06 06

Nickel µg/m3 Annual* 20 20



Table 3.13: Dust fall rates measured during the monitoring period

Sl. No. Monitoring Stations Dust Fall Rate (g/m2/d)

1. Bhatin mines 0.33

2. Bhatin Village 0.40

3. Jaduguda near HPU 0.42

4. Hartopa Village 0.48

5. Kalikapur Village 0.44

Results of dust fall measurement indicate that all the values are within the compared German

standard.

3.3.2 Water Environment

3.3.2.1 Surface Water Resource

Water resources in the study area is mainly river, ponds and groundwater. Subernrekha River is perennial source of water which flows to the north-east side of Bhatin & Jaduguda area.

This river controls the main drainage of the area. Gara river is about 2 km from the lease

boundary in north direction. Sources of water in the core zone villages include, shallow dug wells, river and ponds. The other system is tapping deep aquifers in some of the villages by

deep tube wells and hand pumps. These wells have been an average depth of 20-30 meters.

The water table in the dug wells ranges in between 4-10 m except in few cases when the water table is at deeper level.

3.3.2.2 Water Quality

Water quality monitoring was carried out at ten (10) stations with the objective to generate

the baseline data.

3.3.2.3 Location of Sampling station

To assess the impact of mining on water quality, four ground water, five surface and one mine water samples have been collected from different locations. Details are given in Table 3.14.

Locations of sampling points are shown in Figure 3.4. All the water samples have been collected in winter season (December 2007 – February 2008) and analysed as per standards

method prescribed in APHA (1992).



Table 3.14: Details of water quality monitoring stations

S.N. Location Remarks

Ground Water

GW1 Dug Well - Jharia Village North-West of Bhatin Mine

GW2 Dug Well - Bhatin Village North of Bhatin mine

GW3 Tube well - Chapri Village South-East of the Bhatin mine

GW4 Tube well - Kalikapur Village South-West of the Bhatin mine

Surface Water

SW1 U/s Subernrekha River, Kuliana village Major Waterbody

SW2 D/s Subernrekha River near Digri village Major Waterbody

SW3 Dudh Nalla near Kalikapur village Surface Water

SW4 Gara Nalla Barrage Source of drinking water supply

SW5 Gara River after confluence with Jhuria nalla

Drainage of sub-watershed meets to Gara River

MW1 Mine water Pumped to ETP for Treatment &

reuse at Jaduguda

3.3.2.4 Results and Discussions Results of ground water, surface water and mine water analysis have been given in the Table 3.15, 3.16 and 3.17 respectively. Surface & ground water samples were collected and

analysed for the parameters as specified in IS:10500 standards. In general, all the measured values are found within the permissible value of drinking water standards as per IS:10500 as

given in the Table 3.18, except lead, iron and aluminium which shows higher background

concentration in ground water, irrespective of hydrogeological boundaries. Analytical result of surface water revealed that source may be used for drinking water with conventional

treatment followed by disinfection. The inland surface water standard is given in Table 3.19.

There is no water discharge from Bhatin mine to environment as mine discharge is treated and reused.



Figure 3.4: Water Sampling Points

Mine WaterMW1

Gara Nalla D/s of MineSW5

Gara Nalla U/s of MineSW4

Dudh Nalla near KalikapurSW3

D/s Subernrekha River near Digri VillageSW2

U/s Subernrekha River near Kuliana VillageSW1

BUFFER ZONE

Tube well - Kalikapur VillageGW4

Tube well - Chapri VillageGW3

Dug Well - Bhatin VillageGW2

Dug Well - Jharia VillageGW1

GROUND WATER

NAMECODE

Mine WaterMW1

Gara Nalla D/s of MineSW5

Gara Nalla U/s of MineSW4

Dudh Nalla near KalikapurSW3

D/s Subernrekha River near Digri VillageSW2

U/s Subernrekha River near Kuliana VillageSW1

BUFFER ZONE

Tube well - Kalikapur VillageGW4

Tube well - Chapri VillageGW3

Dug Well - Bhatin VillageGW2

Dug Well - Jharia VillageGW1

GROUND WATER

NAMECODE

GW1

GW2

GW3

GW4

SW1

SW2

SW3

SW4

SW5

MW1



Table 3.15: Ground water quality of the study area

Station Code Standard Sr.No. Parameters

GW 1 GW 2 GW 3 GW 4 IS : 10500

1 Colour (Hazen units) <5 <5 <5 <5 5-25

2 Temperature (°C) 24 23.5 23.5 24 -

3 Odour Unobjec-tionable

Unobjec-tionable

Unobjec-tionable

Unobjec-tionable

Unobjec-tionable

4 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

5 Turbidity (NTU) <5 <5 5 <5 5-10

6 pH 7.30 7.78 6.39 6.54 6.5-8.5

7 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) 124 240 138 84 300-600

8 Alkalinity 20 8 11 16 200-600

9 Total Dissolved Solids 120 514 1378 174 500-2000

11 Chloride (as Cl-) 4.17 181.6 285.9 4.5 250-1000

12 Sulphates (as SO4--) 6.9 9.17 21.91 4.16 200-400

13 Nitrate (NO3) BDL 22.1 63.67 BDL 45-100

14 Fluorides as (F-) 0.4 0.25 0.52 0.64 1.0-1.5

15 Residual Free Chlorine BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.2

16 Phenolic compound.(C6H5OH) BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.001-0.002

17 Iron (as Fe) 1.2 0.6 0.84 4.02 0.3-1.0

18 Calcium (as Ca) 206.9 26.7 41.5 37.1 75-200

19 Magnesium (as Mg) 26.7 10.8 45.66 10.8 30-100

20 Copper (as Cu) 0.1 0.08 0.07 0.15 0.05-1.5

21 Manganese (as Mn) 0.1 0.16 0.08 0.29 0.1-0.3

22 Mercury (as Hg) BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.001

23 Cadmium (as Cd) 0.007 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.01

24 Selenium (as Se) 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.01

25 Arsenic (as As) 0.008 0.007 0.003 0.004 0.05

26 Cyanide (as CN-) BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05

27 Lead (as Pb) 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05

28 Zinc (as Zn) 2.9 0.64 0.41 1.35 5.0

29 Chromium (as Cr+6) 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.05

30 Aluminium (as Al) 0.7 0.71 0.57 0.75 0.03-0.2

31 Boron (as B) 0.2 0.29 0.22 0.26 1.0-5.0

32 Anionic detergents (MBAS) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.2-1.0

33 Mineral oil BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01-0.03

34 Pesticides BDL BDL BDL BDL Absent

35 Coli form Organism (MPN/100ml)

Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

All parameters are expressed in mg/l except pH, colour, odour, taste, and turbidity



Table 3.16: Surface water quality of the study area

Station Code Sr.No. Parameters

SW 1 SW 2 SW 3 SW 4 SW 5

1 Colour (Hazen units) < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5

2 Odour Unobjec-

tionable

Unobjec-

tionable

Unobjec-

tionable

Unobjec-

tionable

Unobjec-

tionable

3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

4 Turbidity (NTU) <5 <5 5 <5 <5

5 pH 7.6 7.6 7.4 8.0 7.9

6 Electrical Conductivity(µs /cm)

436 514 264 381 235

7 Dissolved Oxygen 6.8 6.9 6.4 6.3 6.3

8 BOD 0.8 3.0 0.5 0.7 0.8

9 COD 23.6 80.7 25.8 24.2 39

10 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) 192 140 100 112 120

11 Total Dissolved Solids 314 448 174 270 167

12 Total Suspended Solid 530 610 634 510 540

13 Chloride (as Cl-) 41.7 53.4 9.9 14.1 10.7

14 Sulphates (as SO4--) 35.5 68.0 4.1 29.7 16.1

15 Nitrate (NO3) 10.7 11.9 13.6 0.51 0.57

16 Kjeldhal Nitrogen 6.4 7.6m 5.9 7.8 6.9

17 Free Ammonia as (NH3) Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

18 Phosphate BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

19 Iron (as Fe) 0.75 0.61 0.77 0.53 0.65

20 Calcium (as Ca) 59.1 50.3 39.6 44.6 45.5

21 Lead (as Pb) 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07

22 Oil and Grease BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

23 Magnesium (as Mg) 10.4 11.4 12.6 12.4 9.6

24 Potassium 6.4 7.5 1.2 2.8 1.6

25 Sodium as Na 32.1 39.0 15.8 23.2 14.0

26 Sodium (%) 46.8 42.4 37.8 34.8 47.2

27 Sodium Adsorption Ratio 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.6

28 Arsenic (as As) 0.05 0.05 <0.02 0.03 0.03

29 Copper(as Cu) 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.04

30 Zinc (as Zn) 0.51 0.49 0.21 0.23 0.24

31 Coli form Organism (MPN/100ml)

195 176 139 127 154

Note : All parameters are expressed in mg/l except pH and Colour. BDL - Below Detection Limit



Table 3.17: Bhatin mine water quality

Station Code S.N. Parameters

Mine Water (MW1)

1 Colour (Hazen units) <4

2 Temperature (°C) 33

3 pH 7.81

4 BOD (5 Days at 20 °C) 11

5 COD 38

6 Total Dissolved Solids 987

7 Total Suspended Solids 10

8 Oil and Grease 1.2

9 Total Residual Chlorine Nil

10 Chloride (as Cl-) 68

12 Total Nitrogen (as N) 15

13 Kjeldhal Nitrogen 7.3

14 Free Ammonia as (NH3) Nil

15 Sulphates (as SO4--) 888

16 Cyanide (as CN-) BDL

17 Dissolved Phosphate as P BDL

18 Iron (as Fe) 0.937

19 Lead (as Pb) 0.03

20 Mercury (as Hg) BDL

21 Cadmium (as Cd) Traces

22 Copper (as Cu) 0.009

23 Selenium (as Se) Traces

24 Boron (as B) Nil

25 Zinc (as Zn) 0.041

26 Arsenic (as As) BDL

27 Chromium (as Cr+6) Traces

28 Nickel (As Ni) 0.071

29 Phenolic Compounds 0.12

30. Sulphide (as S) 1.16

31. %Na 31.4

32. Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) 2.23

33 Manganees (as Mn) 0.364

34 Radiological Parameters (Bq/L) 1. Gross Alpha (α) 2. Gross Beta (β)

3.6 4.2

Note 1. All parameters are expressed in mg/l except pH and Colour.

2. Mine water is not directly discharged to environment. It is pumped to ETP of Jaduguda for treatment & reuse



Table 3.18: Test characteristics for drinking water as per IS:10500

Sr. No.

Characteristic Desirable Limit

Undesirable Effects Outside The Desirable Limit

Permissible Limit in the Absence of Alternate Source

Remark

Essential Characteristics 1. Colour, Hazen

units, Max 5 Above 5, consumer

acceptance decreases 25 Extended to 25 only

if Toxic substance are not sucspected in absence of alternate sources

2. Odour Unobjectionable -- -- a)Test cold and when heated b)Test at several dilution

3. Taste Agreeable -- -- Test to be conducted only after safety has been established

4. Turbidity NTU, Max

5 Above 5, consumer acceptance decreases

10 --

5. pH Value 6.5 to 8.5 Beyond this range the water will affect the mucous membrane and / or water supply system

No relaxation --

6. Total hardness (as CaCo3) mg/l, Max

300 Encrustation in water supply structure and adverse effects on domestic use

500 --

7. Iron (as Fe) mg/l, Max

0.3 Beyond this limit taste/ appearance are affected, have adverse effect domestic uses and water supply structure and promote iron bacteria.

1.0 --

8. Chlorides (as Cl) mg/l, Max

250 Beyond this limit taste corrosion and palatability are affected.

1000 --

9. Residual, free chlorine, mg/l, Min

0.2 -- -- To be applicable only when water is chlorinated. Tested at consumer end. When protection against viral infection is required, it should be min.0.5mg/l

Desirable Characteristics 10. Dissolved

Solids mg/l, Max

500 Beyond this palability decreases and may cause gastro intestinal irritation

2000 --



Sr. No.




Remark

11. Calcium(as Ca) mg/l, Max


200 --

12. Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l, Max


100 --

13. Copper(as Cu) mg/l, Max

0.05 Astringent taste, discoloration and corrosion of pipes, fittings and utensils will be caused beyond this

1.5 --

14. Manganese (as Mn) mg/l, Max

0.1 Beyond this limit taste/appearance are affected, has adverse effect on domestic uses and water supply structures

0.3 --

15. Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l, Max

200 Beyond this causes gastro intestinal, irritation when magnesium or sodium is present.

400 May be extended up to 400 provided magnesium (as Mg) does not exceed 30.

16. Nitrate(as NO3) max

45 Beyond this methnaemoglobinemia takes place

100 --

17. Fluoride(as F) mg/l) max

1.0 Fluoride may be kept as low as possible. High fluoride may cause may cause fluorosis.

1.5 --

18. Phenolic Compounds(as C6H5OH) mg/l, Max

0.001 Beyond this, it may cause objectionable taste and odour

0.002 --

19. Mercury (as Hg) mg/l, Max

0.001 Beyond this, the water becomes toxic

No relaxation To be tested when pollution is suspected

20. Cadmium(as Cd) mg/l, Max



21. Selenium(as Se mg/l, Max



22. Arsenic (as As) mg/l, Max



23. Cyanide (as CN) mg/l, Max

0.05 Beyond this, the water toxic




Sr. No.




Remark

24. Lead (As Pb) mg/l, Max



25. Zinc(as Zn) mg/l, Max

5 Beyond this limit it can cause astringent taste and opalescence in water.

15 To be tested when pollution is suspected

26. Anionic detergents (as MBAS), mg/l, Max

0.2 Beyond this limit it can cause a light froth in water

1.0 To be tested when pollution is suspected.

27. Chromium (as Cr6++) mg/l, Max

0.05 May be carcinogenic above this limit


28. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mg/l, Max

-- May be carcinogenic -- --

29. Mineral Oil mg/l, Max

0.01 Beyond this limit, undesirable taste and odour after chlorination take place

0.03 To be tested when pollution is suspected

30. Pesticides Absent Toxic 0.001 -- 31. Radioactive

materials a) Alpha emitters Bq/l, Max b) Beta emitters Pci/l, Max

-- --

-- --

0.1 1.0

-- --

32. Alkalinity mg/l, Max

200 Beyond this limit taste becomes unpleasent

600 --

33. Aluminium (as Al) mg/l, Max

0.03 Cumulative effect is reported to cause dementia

0.20 --

34. Boron mg/l, Max

1 -- 5

Note - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry may be used.



Table 3.19: Classification of inland surface water, (CPCB standard)

Sr. No. Characteristics Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E 1. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l), min. 6 5 4 4 - 2. BOD (Mg/l), max. 2 3 3 - - 3. Total Coli form (MPN/100),max 50 500 5000 - - 4. Total Coli form (MPN/100ml), max. 500 - 1500 - 2100 5. Chloride as Cl (mg/l),max 250 - 600 - 500 6. Colour, Hazen Units, max. 10 300 300 - - 7. Sodium absorption Ratio, max. - - - 26 8. Boron as B (mg/l), max. - - - - 2 9. Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) max. 400 - 400 - 1000 10. Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) max. 20 - 50 - - 11. Free Ammonia as N (mg/l), max. - - - 12 - 12. Conductivity at 25 oC (µs/cm), max. - - - 1.0 2.25 13. pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 14. Arsenic as As (mg/l), max. 0.05 0.2 0.2 - - 15. Iron as Fe (mg/l), max. 0.3 - 50 - - 16. Fluorides as F (mg/l) max. 1.5 1.5 1 - - 17. Lead as Pb (mg/l), max. 0.1 - 0.1 - - 18. Copper as Cu (mg/l), max. 1.5 - 1.5 - - 19. Zinc as Zn (mg/l), max. 15 - 15 - -

If the coli form count is found to be more than the prescribed tolerance limit, the criteria for coli form shall be satisfied if number

is more than 20% of samples show more than the tolerance limit specified and not more than 5% of samples show values more

than four times the tolerance limits. Further, the faecal coli form should not be more than 20% of the coli form. Class A) Drinking water source without conventional treatment but after disinfecting.

Class B) Outdoor bathing organised. Class C) Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection.

Class D) Propagation of wildlife, fisheries.

Class E) Irrigation, industrial cooling, controlled waste disposal.

3.3.2.5 Hydrogeology and Aquifer Characteristics

Groundwater occurrence and storage in the study area are mainly controlled by the geological

setup of the area. The ability of geological formation to store and transmit water is dependent on its formation, parameters such as porosity and hydraulic conductivity. Based on these two parameters, the rock formation of the area may be classified as hard and soft rocks. Hard

rocks, mainly crystalline and consolidated sedimentary is characterized by very little porosity.

Groundwater in such rocks circulated to a limited extent through the secondary openings represented by joints, cracks, fissures and such other planes of discontinuity. Soft rocks are

represented by pebbles and loose sand, higher degree of primary porosity and as such

characterized by higher water storage capacity. The major rock types in the region are metamorphosed politic and volcanic sequences constituting schist’s, quartzites, and

metabasics of Dhanjori and Chaibasa group of rocks of iron ore series of Precambrian age.



The Jaduguda area forms part of the Precambrian, regionally metamorphosed tract of the

Singhbhum shear zone. The weathered residue of the hard rocks as well as the fractures,

joints, fissures, faults and other zones of discontinuity are the principle repositories of groundwater in the area. Groundwater in the weathered and fracture zones of hard rocks

occur under unconfined condition.

Geomorphologically the study area shows differential relief. Iron ore formation form structural culmination to south. Granitic mass exhibits batholithic high with rocky knobs of moderate

amplitude. Rest of the topography consists of undulating pedeplains with gentle warps. The

pedeplains in study area are still in geomorphic process of degradation while the undulating hillocks represent the intermediate stage. Four different geological formations occur in the

major part of the study area. They are Chaibasa formation, Dhanjori formation, Singhbhum

granites and iron ore group. All of these formations are hard rock formations but with varying ground water potential. In the hard rock area of the region ground, fluctuations in water table

are wide. It is lowest in the pre-monsoon periods of April and May and shifts to near surface

level in July or August. Ground water levels in open wells in pre-monsoon seasons vary from 4.0 m to 18 m below ground level and it ranges 1 m to 17 m in the post-monsoon months.

The seasonal fluctuation of the water table for the region has been reported found to be

1.5 m to 16 m . The groundwater storage in the region depends on frequency of fractures of tectonic origin in the rocks, intensity of weathering and topographic scenario in the area.

3.3.2.6 Water Table Behaviour in the Area

Total 30 wells were selected as observation points in the core and buffer zone for measuring

the water levels in these wells during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. In the core and buffer zone, the fluctuation of ground water level is given in Table 3.20. The drainage

pattern and water level monitoring indicate in general the ground water flow direction

towards the North and North-East in the study area. The ground water regime largely follows the topographic features. Being a metamorphic terrain with prominent shear zone and other

structural features, aquifer systems are largely fractured controlled within the study area

comprising the stratiform ore bodies.



Table 3.20: Ground Water Level Fluctuation in Core & Buffer Zone of Lease area (Pre & Post monsoon)

S.N. Villages Well No. Latitude Longitude

Pre-monsoon

(m)

Post-monsoon

(m)

Water Table Fluctuation

(m) Core Zone 1 Bhatin W-1 22°40′20″ 86°20′00’’ 7.56 3.04 4.52 Buffer Zone 2 Machua W-2 22°40′00’’ 86°20′40″ 6.45 2.90 3.55 3 Tiliatand W-3 22°39′00’’ 86°20′20″ 5.38 2.12 3.26 4 Ichra W-4 22°39′40″ 86°21′24″ 7.54 3.27 4.27 5 Jaduguda colony W-5 22°39′40″ 86°21′32″ 9.40 3.61 5.79 6 Jaduguda colony W-6 22°38′45″ 86°21′40″ 10.12 4.50 5.62 7 Chapri W-7 22°37′00’’ 86°25′00’’ 6.56 2.15 4.41

8 Chakuliya W-8 22°36′50″ 86°25′50″ 5.77 3.11 2.66

9 Ladkdih W-9 22°35′00’’ 86°25′45″ 9.23 3.23 6.00 10 Patkita W-10 22°35′48″ 86°23′42″ 8.13 2.98 5.15 11 Chiruguratola W-11 22°34′00’’ 86°20′22″ 7.10 3.50 3.60 12 Dokasal W-12 22°35′30″ 86°17′55″ 8.89 2.65 6.24

13 Kalikapur W-13 22°37′00’’ 86°17′22″ 8.34 3.16 5.18

14 Arkabera W-14 22°36′35″ 86°19′42″ 5.45 3.23 2.22

15 Bango W-15 22°38′30″ 86°17′50″ 5.58 2.87 2.71 16 Ranikudar W-16 22°40′00’’ 86°16′51″ 6.56 3.70 2.86 17 Narwapahar W-17 22°41′50″ 86°16′21″ 6.88 3.15 3.73 18 Kadma W-18 22°42′39″ 86°15′45″ 7.34 2.98 4.36 19 Domjuri W-19 22°43′10″ 86°16′50″ 9.22 3.75 5.47 20 Khursi W-20 22°42′28″ 86°17′40″ 7.35 3.44 3.91

21 Darkasai W-21 22°42′40″ 86°19′40″ 7.18 3.75 3.43

22 Gohaldanga W-22 22°41′50″ 86°22′00’’ 5.58 2.80 2.78 23 Kuldiha W-23 22°40′50″ 86°21′50″ 7.76 2.10 5.66 24 Madnabera W-24 22°44′25″ 86°19′40″ 9.51 3.70 5.81 25 Belajuri W-25 22°44′20″ 86°22′5″ 11.2 2.76 8.44 26 Salbani W-26 22°43′10″ 86°23′30″ 8.45 3.36 5.09 27 Hupudih W-27 22°42′00’’ 86°25′32″ 9.12 4.52 4.60 28 Jarisa W-28 22°40′15″ 86°25′30″ 8.81 4.12 4.69 29 Galudih W-29 22°39′10″ 86°25′00’’ 6.78 4.43 2.35 30 Purandih W-30 22°38′40″ 86°27′20″ 8.60 3.55 5.05 Continuous monitoring of water level in different wells has been carried out during pre and

post monsoon. Water in core zone varies between 3.04 m-7.56 m in pre-monsoon and post-

monsoon. In the buffer zones, the water table ranges between 5.38 m to 11.2 m in pre-monsoon to 2.10 m - 4.52 m in post monsoon season respectively. The average water table in

core and buffer zone during pre-monsoon is 7.74 m and 7.72 m respectively, while in post



monsoon season, the average water table is 3.24 m and 3.29 m respectively for core and

buffer zone. The overall average water table for the area is found to be 7.73 m and 3.28 m

respectively for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season and the annual average water level fluctuation of the area is 4.45m. Figure 3.5 and 3.6 shows contour variation in water levels

during pre and post monsoon season.

Figure 3.5: Water level contour during pre-monsoon period

Figure 3.6: Water level contour during post-monsoon period

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2734

36

38

40

42

44

2.1

2.4

2.7

3

3.3

3.6

3.9

4.2

4.5

8601622034

22044’

8602786016

8602716 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2734

36

38

40

42

44

2.1

2.4

2.7

3

3.3

3.6

3.9

4.2

4.5

8601622034

22044’

8602786016

86027

16 18 20 22 24 2634

36

38

40

42

44

5.2

5.8

6.4

7

7.6

8.2

8.8

9.4

10

10.6

11.2

8601622034

22044’

8602786016

8602716 18 20 22 24 2634

36

38

40

42

44

5.2

5.8

6.4

7

7.6

8.2

8.8

9.4

10

10.6

11.2

8601622034

22044’

8602786016

86027



3.3.3 Assessment of Noise Level To assess the ambient noise level, measurements have been carried out at six (6) locations.

Measured values are furnished in Table 3.21. Sampling locations are shown in Figure 3.7.

Table 3.21: Noise Level in the Study Area

Average Leq value in dB (A)

Remark (major sources)

Station Code

Monitoring Station

Day Night

INDUSTRIAL AREA

N1 Bhatin Mine 65.4 60.0 mining activity and

transportation

Central Pollution Control Board Standard (Industrial Area)

75.0 70.0 --

COMMERCIAL AREA

N2 Jaduguda, near HPU 45.6 39.2 mining activity and

transportation

Central Pollution Control Board Standard (Industrial Area)

65.0 55.0

RESIDENTIAL AREA

N3 Bhatin Colony 48.0 40.2 Vehiculer

transportation

N4 Bhatin village 45.0 37.4 - do -

N5 Hartopa village 53.6 44.0 - do -

N6 Kalikapur village 53.2 39.7 - do -

Central Pollution Control Board Standard (Residential Area)

55.0 45.0 --

3.3.3.1 Instrument Used and Methodology Noise level study has been done for monitoring the ambient noise level in the leasehold area.

Mip -oy integrated sound level meter meeting IEC-197A was used to measure the noise level.

Average day and night Leq values have been assessed at each location for four hours duration both during day and night time with the interval of 30 minutes.

3.3.3.2 Noise Standards Central Pollution Control Board has stipulated the specific standard for ambient noise-level in

industrial, commercial, residential and silence zones for both day and night time. These are

given in Table 3.22.



Table 3.22: Ambient Noise Standard

Noise Level [Leq in dB(A)] Sr. No. Location Day Time Night Time

1. Industrial Area 75 70 2. Commercial Area 65 55 3. Residential Area 55 45 4. Silence Zone 50 40

In addition to this, there are another set of exposure limits laid down by Occupation Safety

and Health Administration in USA, and IS:3483. These are given in Table 3.23.

Table 3.23: Exposure Limit for Different Noise Levels

Sound Level dB (A) S. No. Maximum Duration (hrs./Day) OSHA IS:3483

1 8 90 85 2 6 92 85 3 4 95 88 4 2 100 91 5 1 105 94 6 ½ 110 98 7 ¼ 115 100 (OSHA) - Occupational Safety and Health Administration, USA)

3.3.3.3 Results and Discussions Detailed analysis of noise has revealed that there is no noticeable impact of noise in the

surrounding environment. All the study sites in the residential areas exhibited a noise level

well within the corresponding threshold limit value as prescribed by CPCB, both during the day and night time.



Figure 3.7: Noise sampling Locations

Kalikapur VillageN6

Hartopa VillageN5

Bhatin VillageN4

Bhatin ColonyN3

Jaduguda, Near HPUN2

RESIDENTIAL AREA

Bhatin MineN1

INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL AREA

NAMECODE

Kalikapur VillageN6

Hartopa VillageN5

Bhatin VillageN4

Bhatin ColonyN3

Jaduguda, Near HPUN2

RESIDENTIAL AREA

Bhatin MineN1

INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL AREA

NAMECODE

N6

N4

N3

N2

N1

N5



3.3.4 Land Environment Land environment is an aspect, which gets damaged the most, during the mining operations.

The extent of land degradation however, varies and is influenced by the topography of the

area, geology, soil texture and method of mining. The damaged land adversely affects watershed and its drainage pattern, vegetation and animal communities.

3.3.4.1 Land Use Pattern

The core area is surrounded by steep mountains and forest with mine area in the southern

part. The dominant class of the area is agricultural land which comprises 56.25 % of the total core area. The next dominant class is the forest which comprise about 38.14 % (as depicted

in Table 3.24). Beside this the other land use classes occurring in the lease area are waterbodies (water pond), waste land, industrial establishments, settlement and plantation.

Details of landuse pattern of the lease area is depicted in Figure 3.8.

Table 3.24: Landuse Pattern of Lease area (Core zone)

Lease area Land use category

Area in ha Area in %

1. Agricultural 80.43 56.25

2. Forest 54.53 38.14

3. Waste Land 4.15 2.90

4. Industrial Establishments 1.72 1.20

5. Greenbelt / Plantation 1.00 0.70

6. Settlement 0.15 0.11

7. Water bodies 1.00 0.70

Total 142.98 100

The buffer zone refers to the area other than the core area .This area is mostly comprised of

agricultural / fallow land which is 60.65 % of the total area with scattered occurrence of

settlement which constitutes 4.24 % of the total area. The next dominant class is the forest which comprise about 21.43 % of the study area. Total 8 landuse classes have been classified

in the study area which are forest, open scrub, tailing pond , waste land, industrial

establishments, vegetation/green belt, settlement, and water bodies (river). Details are given

in the Table 3.25 and Figure 3.9.



Table 3.25: Land use pattern of study area

Study area Land use category

Area in ha Area in %

1. Agricultural / Fallow land 22140.30 60.65

2. Forest 7823.97 21.43

3. Open Scrub / Open land 3286.26 9.00

4. Tailings Pond (includes waste land) 103.29 0.28

5. Industrial Establishments 44.59 0.12

6. Vegetation/Green Belt 644.72 1.77

7. Settlement 1547.78 4.24

8. Water Bodies 916.75 2.51

Total 36507.66 100.00

There is no National Park, Santuary, Biosphere reserves, Wildlife Corridor, Tiger/Elephant

reserves within the study area.



Figure 3.8: Landuse Pattern of Lease Area

Not to the Scale



Figure 3.9: Landuse Pattern Within 10km Radius of Lease Boundary



3.3.5 Soil Environment To assess the impact due to industrial activities on soil in and around the study area, the

effect on agricultural field, baseline soil quality of the area has been evaluated with respect to

physical and chemical parameters. The physical properties of soil, which are important for plant growth and agricultural productivity is: texture, bulk density, moisture content and

water holding capacity. The chemical properties, which govern growth performance of crops

and plant, are pH, EC, N, P, K and organic carbon. Five (5) soil samples has been collected within study area. The soil sampling locations are shown in Figure 3.10. Details are as

follows:

S1 - Barren land of Bhatin S2 - Agricultural field of Chapri Village S3 - Agricultural field of Jharia Village S4 - Forest land near Jaduguda S5 - Agriculture soil of Kalikapur village

3.3.5.1 Methodology

Soil sampling has been carried out in the month of March 2008. Five samples comprising of forest land, agricultural field and barren land have been analysed for their physico–chemical

properties. The results of analysis are presented in Table 3.26. The standard IS procedure as mentioned below has been followed for sampling and all the sampling have been taken from

the depth of 0-30 cm. and 30-60 cm. from all the sites.

3.3.5.2 Physical Parameters

Following physical parameters were measured in this study

Parameters Methodology Colour Visual Observation Natural moisture content(%) IS : 2720 Part II (1973) Bulk density (g/cm3) IS : 2720 Part XXIX (1975) Particle size analysis & Water holding capacity IS : 2720 Part II (1973)

3.3.5.3 Chemical Properties

The methodology adopted to study the following chemical parameters is as follows:

Parameters Methodology pH IS : 2720 Part XXIX (1973) Electrical Conductivity(mmoh/cm) IS : 2720 Part XIX (1977) Organic Carbon (%) IS : 2720 Part XXII (1972) Available N (Kg/ha) Micro Kjeldhal method (Jackson1958) Available P (Kg/ha) Olsen method (1954) Available K (Kg/ha) Ammonium acetate extractable (AAS)



Figure 3.10: Soil Sampling Locations

Agricultural soil of Kalikapur VillageS5

Forest soil near JadugudaS4

Agricultural field of Jharia VillageS3

Agricultural field of Chapri VillageS2

Barren land Bhatin S1

NAMECODE

Agricultural soil of Kalikapur VillageS5

Forest soil near JadugudaS4

Agricultural field of Jharia VillageS3

Agricultural field of Chapri VillageS2

Barren land Bhatin S1

NAMECODE

S4

S3

S1

S5S2



3.3.5.4 Physico – Chemical Properties

Analysis of soil samples reveals that there is no wide variation in the natural material. Particle size analysis shows that the texture of the soil is of sandy loam in nature. The bulk density

was found to vary from 1.10 to 1.43 g/cm3 showing compactness while moisture content

ranged from 4.14 % to 7.28 %. All the samples showed moderate water holding capacity ranging from 47 to 56 %. Further soil of all the samples was found slightly acidic in nature. Electrical conductivity measurement of the samples clearly suggests that total soluble solid

concentration is in the normal range and all the values are found below 1 m moh/cm. The

values of EC ranged from 0.08 mmoh/cm to 0.29 mmoh/cm. Low Organic carbon concentration were found in all the samples. Available phosphorus and potassium have been

found in medium range. The values are compared with rating chart as given in Table 3.27

and relation between conductivity and total soluble solid content is given in Table 3.28.

Table 3.26: Physico–Chemical Properties of Soil

Sampling Locations

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

Par

amet

ers

0-30 cm

30-60 cm

0-30 cm

30-60 cm

0-30 cm

30-60 cm

0-30 cm

30-60 cm

0-30 cm

30-60 cm

Physical Parameters

Sand

(%) 40.6 35.2 64.9 52.6 50.5 44.3 62.0 63.5 83.8 75.2

Silt (%) 46.1 48.6 29.8 35.4 38.8 46.7 28.5 29.0 10.4 13.2

Clay (%) 13.1 15.3 5.6 8.4 10.6 12.4 8.5 7.5 5.7 7.2

Texture Red

loamy soil

Red

loamy soil

Red

loamy soil

Red

loamy soil

Red

loamy soil

Red

loamy soil

Red

loamy soil

Red

loamy soil

Red

loamy soil

Red

loamy soil

Bulk density (g/cm3)

1.12 1.16 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.43 1.33 1.34 1.10 1.23

Moisture content

(%)

6.23 6.26 4.34 4.38 4.14 4.16 7.05 7.28 5.82 5.93

Water holding

capacity (%)

49 47 55 53 52 50 56 49 52 51

Chemical Parameters

pH 5.7 5.9 5.3 5.4 5.7 6.3 6.1 6.5 6.1 6.4



Sampling Locations

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 P

aram

eter

s 0-30 cm

30-60 cm

0-30 cm

30-60 cm

0-30 cm

30-60 cm

0-30 cm

30-60 cm

0-30 cm

30-60 cm

EC

(mmoh/ cm)

0.080 0.078 0.210 0.208 0.212 0.210 0.250 0.290 0.208 0.207

Organic Carbon

(%) 0.76 0.54 0.20 0.19 0.25 0.20 0.61 0.67 0.18 0.17

Available N

(Kg/ha)

202 201 112 110 114 112 208 205 110 109

Available P

(Kg/ha)

28.24 28.01 11.05 10.90 12.01 11.86 30.6 31.20 10.18 10.05

Available

K

(Kg/ha)

133 132 93 92 95 93 120 127 92 91

3.3.5.5 Results and Discussions The general topography of the area is undulating and rolling upland having valley bottom

plain or depression between uplands. Soil of these areas have been developed over granitic–

gneiss, occurring on upland and gently sloping with undulating surrounding country land. These soils are fine loamy to fine textured and red to yellowish red to greyish in colour. These

soils have moderate erosion. The soils are characterised by moderately acidic to neutral in

nature, low to medium organic carbon, deficient in nitrogen and moderate phosphorous, medium potassium content with medium available water holding capacity.

The climate of this region is warm humid and soil is acid lateritic with sandy loam texture and low in available N, P and K. Governing factors for the existence of acidic red loamy soil in this

region appear to be of climatic, geological and topographical origin. The region experiences

annual rainfall in the range of >1000 mm. More than 80 % of total rainfall occurs between 70 – 80 rainy days, characterized as monsoon season. This period has associated high temperature and relative humidity. Altogether it leads to weathering of silica rich parent rock

and further dissolution of Ca and Mg in water and subsequent leaching from soil. As a result

the base saturation of soil decreases which may be the principal cause of acidity in soil of the study area. Impact of pollutants of anthropogenic origin to create acidity does not appear

convincing in view of the pollutant load and location of sampling.



Table 3.27: Rating Chart for Soil Test Value in India

Sl. No. Parameter Unit Low Medium High

1. Organic Carbon % <0.5 0.5 - 0.75 >0.75

2. Available N Kg/ha <280 280 – 560 >560

3. Available P Kg/ha <10 10 – 25 >25

4 Available K Kg/ha <120 120- 280 >280

Table 3.28: Relation between Conductivity and Total Soluble Solid Content

S. No. Conductivity (meter/bridge reading)

Total soluble solid content

1. <1 m mho/cm Normal

2. 1-2 m mho/cm Fairly good

3. 2-3<1 m mho/cm High

4. >3 m mho/cm Very High

3.3.6 Radiological Environment 3.3.6.1 Natural Radiation

The ubiquity of the natural radioactivity on the earth, its atmosphere, and the space is known

since early of the 20th century, however, the various sources to which man or living organisms are exposed, are recognized during past couple of decades. The exposure to terrestrial

organism is almost entirely attributable to the cosmic rays, and the three primordial

radionuclides viz. 40K, 232Th and 238U present in the earth crust. Thus, cosmic rays originating from deep space together with naturally occurring radionuclides of terrestrial origin constitute

the natural radiation environment.

3.3.6.2 Cosmic Radiation

Cosmic radiation is mixture of different types of radiation, including protons, alpha particles, electrons and other high energy particles. These energetic particles interact with the atmosphere and, as a result, cosmic radiation at ground level becomes primarily muons,

neutrons, electrons, positrons and photons among which muons and eletrons being most

significant from radiological point of view. Taking into account the variations attributed to altitude and latitude, annual effective dose from cosmic rays at ground level average at ~0.4

mSv.



3.3.6.3 Gamma Radiation

All materials in the earth’s crust contain radionuclides. Actually energy from natural activity deep in the earth contributes to the shaping of the crust and maintenance of internal

temperatures. This energy mainly comes from the primordial radionuclides viz. 40K, 232Th and 238U and their successive decay products present therein. Uranium is dispersed throughout rocks and soils in low concentrations of a few parts per million (ppm). 238U is parent of a series of radionuclides which decay in succession until the stable nuclide 206Pb is reached.

Similar is the case with 232Th. Potassium is far more common than either uranium or thorium

and makes up 2.4 percent by weight of the earth’s crust, whereas radionuclide 40K constitutes only 0.119 % of stable potassium.

The presence of these radionuclides in the earth’s crust, give rise to exposure to terrestrial organisms to gamma (γ) radiation. Since most building materials are extracted from earth,

they may also contain traces of the radionuclides, thus, resulting in indoor exposure to

gamma (γ) radiation as well. Although levels of γ-exposure depend on several factors such as geology of the terrain and structure of the buildings etc., the average annual effective dose

from natural γ -radiation is ~ 0.5 mSv.

3.3.6.4 Radon Inhalation

The ubiquitous 222Rn is immediate decay product of 226Ra, and it is the only gaseous radionuclide of 238U-series. 222Rn is the most significant source of internal exposure in natural

radiation environment. This is because the immediate decay products of 222Rn are

radionuclides with short half-lives, which attach themselves to fine particles in the air, are inhaled, thus leading to internal exposure. Similar is the radiological implication for 220Rn

(thoron), the only gaseous radionuclide of 232Th-series, however, degree of exposure

attributable to it is much less. 222Rn emanated from the ground gets dispersed and diluted in the atmosphere, so its level in the ambient air is low. On the other hand, for indoors, 222Rn

levels may assume significance as their activities may build-up within enclosed space. The

worldwide average annual effective dose from 222Rn & its progeny is estimated to be about 1.2 mSv. Consequently, International Commission for Radiological Protection and International Atomic Energy Agency have recommended use of action levels for protection

against indoor 222Rn, typically in the range 200-600 Bq m-3.

3.3.6.5 Internal Irradiation

The radionuclides from uranium and thorium series, in particular 210Pb and 210Po, are present in air, food, and water, and so irradiate the body internally. 40K also comes into the body with

the normal diet. It is the main source of internal irradiation apart from 222Rn progeny.

Furthermore, interaction of cosmic rays with atmosphere creates a number of radionuclides



viz. 14C, which also contributes to internal irradiation. The annual average effective dose from

these sources of internal irradiation is estimated to be 0.3 mSv, with 40K contributing about

half.

3.7.6 Relative Exposure in Natural Radiation Environment

The foregoing discussion leads to the inference that the natural ionizing radiation pervades

the whole environment. The nature manifests itself in complexities and diversities, and consequently, there exists wide range variation in the natural background radiation. The

United Nations’ Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR, 2000) carried

out comprehensive investigations on natural sources of radiation exposure at global scale. The inferences are illustrated in the following charts as shown in Figure 3.11.

0.3 mSv

0.3 mSv

0.2 mSv

0.2 mSv

0.8 mSv

10 mSv

1 mSv

0.6 mSv

0.3 mSv

1.2 mSv

0.4 mSv

0.5 mSv

Cosmic radiation Gamma radiationRadon inhalation Internal irradiatio

Figure 3.11: Radiation Exposure (Global Average)

Low background Area High background Area



All living organisms such as humans, animals and plants are exposed to, and have evolved in

the background radiation attributable to the natural sources of radiation to a greater or lesser

extent.

3.7.7 Manmade Sources of Radiation

Apart from the natural sources, there are also some manmade sources of radiation viz.,

diagnostic radiology (X-rays), nuclear medicines, radiotherapy etc. to which particular individuals may be exposed to. The annual average effective dose attributable to the nuclear

energy industry to the world population amounts to only about 0.0002 mSv which constitutes

only 0.25 % of the annual global average background radiation. The Figure 3.12 demonstrates the dose contributing potentials of the various sources of radiation to the world

population.

Medical, 0.4 mSv

Natural , 2.4 mSv

NuclearTesting & Chernobyl, 0.007 mSv

Nuclear Energy, 0.0002

mSv

Others

Figure 3.12: Average Annual Radiation Dose

3.3.6.2 Baseline Status of the Radiological Environment

Status of the environment is evaluated by continuous surveillance of the environment around the mine at Bhatin. A brief account of the monitoring results are presented below.



3.3.6.3 Radiation Level

Measurement of gamma radiation and atmospheric levels and Radon concentration is carried out periodically at different places using environmental radiation monitors and alpha guards.

The γ radiation and atmpspheric radon concentration level in and around Bhatin mine varies

from 0.03 to 0.66 µGy/ h and 5.0 to 113 Bq/m3 respectively. Time series data from 2005-2009 for gamma radiation and radon concentration in & around Bhatin is depicted in Table 3.29.

Table 3.29 : Gamma Level and 222Rn in and around Bhatin

γ Radiation Level (µGy.h-1)

222Rn Conc. (abs) (Bq.m-3) No. Distance /Location Year

Range Mean Range Mean 2004 0.10-0.25 0.16 8.0-30 25 2005 0.08-0.19 0.13 -- 12 2006 0.12-0.18 0.15 15-30 19 2007 0.07-0.13 0.11 -- 32 2008 0.04-0.20 0.14 36-47 53

1.

~0.5km w.r.t. mine (Bhatin Village, Sarakdih)

2009 0.08-0.11 0.11 28-36 32 2004 0.10-0.36 0.20 7.5-49.0 25 2005 0.09-0.32 0.17 8.0-24 15 2006 0.09-0.30 0.15 8.1-26.0 21 2007 0.08-0.27 0.16 12.0-28.0 20 2008 0.05-0.41 0.18 10.0-42.0 31

2. 0.5-1.6km w.r.t. mine

(Jaduguda more, Dungridih(N), Tua

Dungridih, Mechua, Jharia) 2009 0.04-0.26 0.11 16.0-57.0 37 2004 0.08-0.35 0.16 5.0-42.0 30 2005 0.06-0.35 0.13 8.0-38.0 16 2006 0.08-0.23 0.14 7.8-20.0 16 2007 0.07-0.24 0.13 10.0-42.0 23 2008 0.05-0.20 0.12 12.0-45.0 27

3. 1.6-5.0km w.r.t. mine

(Chatikuchha,Tilaitand,Rankinimandir

, Dhobni, Barreghutu, Jaduguda Colony, Matigora etc)

2009 0.03-0.16 0.09 18.0-113 33 2004 0.08-0.53 0.16 -- 26 2005 0.08-0.33 0.12 -- 23 2006 0.08-0.39 0.25 23-28 19 2007 0.08-0.33 0.15 -- -- 2008 0.05-0.40 0.14 -- 26

4. >5.0km w.r.t. mine

(Hartopa, Hitku, Roam, Chapri,

Kendadih, Goradih, Sundernagar etc) 2009 0.03-0.66 0.15 5-44 16

Cumulative gamma exposure levels are measured using environmental TLDs at locations within mine premises and surrounding villages. Distancewise, time series data for annual

gamma exposure using TLDs for year 2005-2009 is depicted in Table 3.30



Table 3.30: Annual Gamma Exposure using TLD

Annual Gamma Exposure (µGy) Sr. No.

Location 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

1. Bhatin Mine Surface area 1637 1500 1605 1483 1507

2. Jaduguda More 948 1032 993 924 904

3. Tilaitand Village 996 1048 923 916 939

4. Health Physics Unit, Jaduguda 821 1102 847 857 816

5. Ichra Village 842 849 835 826 855

6. Jaduguda Colony 840 1085 1031 1078 815

7. Chatikocha Village 701 944 741 769 842

8. Matigora Village 1396 1116 1075 1022 1013

9. Narwapahar Colony 1070 1088 936 899 899

10. AMD Sundernagar 878 952 864 814 875

11. Jamshedpur 842 1005 940 882 952

3.3.6.4 Surface Water:

Monitoring of surface water is carried out periodically in order to evaluate the impact on water

body. The mean U(nat) and 226Ra concentration in surface water around Bhatin is presented in Table 3.31. It is evident from the table that mean concentrations are well below the

drinking water concentration limits prescribed by national regulatory agency. However, the

surface water is not normally used as a source for drinking water.

Table 3.31: Concentration of U (nat) & 226Ra in Surface water around Bhatin

U(nat) in µg/l 226Ra in mBq/l No. Location Year

Mean Mean 2005 0.9 7.9 2006 1.0 9.0 2007 0.7 7.2 2008 1.0 4.3

1. Juria Tilaitand

2009 0.9 4.6 2005 1.5 10.5 2006 0.8 6.7 2007 0.8 7.7 2008 7.6 1.3

2. Gara River,

U/S

2009 2.0 11.9 2005 8.3 25.0 2006 4.6 11.0 2007 7.6 12.0

3. Gara River, D/S

2008 8.7 17.8



U(nat) in µg/l 226Ra in mBq/l No. Location Year

Mean Mean 2009 9.4 13.8 2005 1.0 8.9 2006 1.2 6.3 2007 1.1 7.7 2008 0.7 4.7

4. Suvarnrekha

U/S

2009 1.5 4.7 2005 1.6 9.1 2006 0.7 6.7 2007 2.4 5.9 2008 0.6 7.8

5. Suvarnrekha

D/S

2009 2.8 9.6 DWC limit 60 300

3.3.6.5 Ground Water

Ground water (tube well/well) samples were collected from adjoining areas of Bhatin mines at

various distances, within 0.5 km, 5.0 km and more than 5 km. The detail result of last 5 years of U (nat) and 226Ra concentration is depicted in Table 3.32.

Table 3.32: Mean concentration of U(nat) and 226Ra in ground water

U(nat) µg/l 226Ra mBq/l Distance / Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

<0.5 km 2.9 1.7 1.2 2.0 5.2 8.6 4.5 5.0 5.2 3.5

0.5-5.0 km 0.9 0.5 3.4 0.6 0.9 10.6 5.1 5.2 4.2 8.0

>5.0km 2.3 -- 1.2 1.4 4.2 - -- 5.0 7.6 3.5

Variation in concentration of radionuclides may be attributed to local geological features and

seasonal changes. However all values are well within the drinking water concentration limits

prescribed by national regulatory agency. 3.3.6.6 Soil Representative soil samples were collected from core and buffer area. It has been found that

the radionuclides content in the soil of this region varies widely which in turn depends on the

local geological features and associated parameters. Details are depicted in Table 3.33. The

variation in U(nat) and 226Ra levels in soil is attributed to natural background of the uranium mineralized areas.



Table 3.33: Mean concentration of U(nat) and 226Ra in soil samples

U(nat) mg/kg 226Ra Bq/kg Distance / Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

<0.5 km 1.7 1.7 1.04 -- 1.8 14.1 93 32.5 -- 13.0

0.5-5.0 km 1.6 -- 1.7 -- 3.6 23.5 -- 15.0 -- 35.5

>5.0km 0.77 0.62 1.1 1.4 4.4 26.0 24.0 5.9 11.0 22


3.3.7.1 Survey Methodology

A preliminary survey of the study area has been performed to get a general picture of the

landscapes in vegetation. Traverses have been taken within different zone of the study area to note major vegetation patterns and plant communities including their growth form and

dominant species. Square shaped quadrates of 0.1 ha size were selected based on the

representation of plant species and number in it. However, in the buffer zone, only representative forest areas have been travelled as per available resources and conditions and detail species specific population survey is beyond the scope of this study. Faunal survey was

based on the data of forest department and interaction with villagers. For completing this

study publications referred for corroboration of collected data were of BSI, A Revised Survey of the Forest Types of India; by H. G. Champion & S. K. Seth, The Book of Indian Birds; by

Salim Ali and The Book on Indian Animals; by S. H. Prater, etc.

Terrain of the study area is marked with hilloks of <600 m high, vallys and plains,

complemented with characteristic forest type. The southeastern, southern and western

portion of the study area contains hilloks supporting forest of different stages. Eastern, northern, north-west and some portion of western side of the study area is devoid of natural

forest and predominantly occupied with fallow land, open scrub and rural settlements. The

undulating topography and presence of impervious hard rock, controls the soil depth and soil moisture profile of the study area which has obvious variations from place to place (Figure 3.13), hence the forest type.

3.3.7.2 Natural Vegetation in the area

Characteristic forest type of the area, distributed along the topography are mainly Tropical

Moist Deciduous Forest and Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest. Forest type with their sub group in the study area were characterized as follows:



Type/No. Forest Type

GROUP 3 – TROPICAL MOIST DECIDUOUS FOREST

Subgroup 3C – North Indian moist deciduous forests

3C/C2e (iii) Moist peninsular valley sal

3C/C3 a Moist mixed deciduous forests (without sal)

3/EI Terminalia tomentosa forest

GROUP 5 – TROPICAL DRY DECIDUOUS FORESTS

Subgroup 5B – Northern tropical dry deciduous forest

5B/CIc Dry peninsular sal forest

5B/C2 Northern mixed deciduous forest

5 /E5 Butea forest

Distribution of forest is fragmented and restricted to the patches in the plains and along the

banks of Subernrekha River in the northern and north-east portion of the study area. From the southern boundary of the study area a stretch of forest begins with thick boundary which

gradually tapers while extending towards north-western portion. Within the forest boundary

there exists large patches of open scrub with rural settlements. At several places this forest boundary is fragmented due to roads. The total forest area of buffer zone is about 21.36 % of

the total area.

The valley bottom and lower hilly slopes contains relatively deep soil due to washout from slopy crystalline rocks. These areas are characterized with the presence of moist peninsular

valley sal forest and moderate shrub growth. Top canopy in these areas were dominated by

Shorea robusta in association with Terminalia tomentosa, Adina cordifolia, Pterocarpous marsupium, Madhuca indica etc. Main associates in the Second story tree are Syzygium

cumini and Ficus spp.

On the hilly tract in the area, with varying moisture retention capacities forest type changes

into moist mixed deciduous forest and in the top canopy predominance of sal is replaced by

Salmalia malabarica and Adina cordifolia in association with Bridelia retusa, Dillenia pentagyna etc. Second story trees were represented by Kydia calicina, Mallotus philippensis and Polyalthia ceracoides. Bamboo community is represented by Dendrocalamus strictus in

patches in these areas.

In the areas with heavy and wet soil along the valleys or along the water sides of

Subernrekha River with clayey alluvial patches traces of Terminalia tomentosa forest were found. Top canopy of these forests were dominated by Terminalia tomentosa in association

with T. ballerica, Salmalia malabarica etc. Shorea robusta is also present in rare frequency.

Mallotus philippensis is the main associate of second story tree.



Figure 3.13: Soil texture map of East Singhbhum district.

On some hilly slopes in the area where shallow soil is resting on hard impervious rock the

characteristic forest type is changes into Northern tropical dry deciduous forest. Sal is the dominant tree of top canopy with regeneration. Associated trees of the same catogery and

second story are Anogisus latifolia, Boswellia serrata, Buchanania lanzana, Coclospermum

religiosum and Gardenia gummifera. Occasionally Madhuca indica and Emblica officinalis were



also found associated. Woodfordia fruticosa is the most frequent shrub in this forest type

along with Phoenix acaulis. .

Figure 3.14: Forest cover map of East Singhbhum district.

Northern dry mixed deciduous is found on the low and eroded hills of the area. Fragmented top canopy and second story tree were predominantly represented by Anogeissus latifolia in



frequent association with Adina cordifolia, Mitragyna parvifolia, Aegle marmelose, Embelica

officinalis, lagerstroemia parviflora, Ficus spp. Butea Monosperma, and occasionally associated

Shorea, Boswellia, Madhuca, Bauhinia etc. Dendrocalamus strictus is found with less abundance in this area. The floral community, altogether, for the area may be grouped and

tabulated as listed in Table 3.34 & 3.36 for buffer zone and core zone. The forest cover map

of east singhbhum district of Jahrkhand state is shown above in Figure 3.14. 3.3.7.5 Wild life in the area

Primates are common faunal species of the forest surrounding the study area. Snakes and lizards are quite common. Wild species occasionally reported in the buffer zone are jungle cat,

black napped hare, squirrel, jackals and porcupines etc. Different varieties of birds are also

observed most frequently in the winter season. List of fauna species found in the buffer and core zone of the study area are mentioned in Table 3.35 & 3.37 Amongst birds the bulbul,

the white-breasted kingfisher, magpie robin, spotted dove, mayna, and jungle bubbler are

prominent. Amongst reptiles, several poisonous snakes like cobra, viper, krait and non-poisonous snakes (like boa, rat snakes, green whip, Bronze backed tree snake, etc) are

abound in this area. The garden lizard and monitor lizard are also seen. Variety of butterflies

(like common grass yellow/ common jezebel) and insects (such as beetles, spiders, red ants, and flies) are spotted in abundance in the study zone.

Table 3.34: Prominent flora species in the buffer zone area

S.N. Local Name Hindi Name Botanical Name

1. Gara-hatna, Koha Arjun Terminalia arjuna

2. Uli Aam Mangifera indica

3. Jojo Imli Tamarindus indica

4. Kathgular Kathumar Ficus hispida

5. Pandrai Kala Siras Albizzia lebbek

6. Kher Kher Acacia catechu

7. Kasmar Gamhar Gmelina arborea

8. Lowa Gular Ficus glomerata

9. Ambo Amra Spondias spp.

10. Kuda Jamun ,Jam Syzygium cumini

11. Koroj Karanj Pongamia spp.

12. Salai Salai Boswellia serrata

13. Neem Neem Azardirachta indica

14. Mur Palas Butea spp.

15. Pipal Peepal Ficus religiosa

16. Bai, Dare Bargad, Bar Ficus bengalensis




17. Lupung Bahera Terminalia belerica

18. Hid, Bija, Murga Bijasal, Murga Pterocarpus marsupium

19. Bel Bel Aegle marmelos

20. Mudupum, Matkom Mahua Madhuca indica

21. Meral Amla Embelica officinalis

22. Icha Dhoi Woodfordia fruticosa

23. Pandari, Karhi Safed Siris Albizzia procera

24. Sagaun Sagaun Tectona grandis

25. Hatana, Saz Asan, Saza Terminalia tomentosa

26. Sarjom, Sarai Sal Shorea robusta

27. Sekri Senza,Lediya, Sidha Lagerstroemia parviflora

28. Semra, Idel Simal Salmalia malabarica

29. Kaman Karaunda Carissa spinarum

30. Rola Harra, Harar Terminalia Chebula

31. Kanba Haldu, Kalmi Adina Cardifolia

32. - Gulmohar Delonix regia

33. Kunnmung Saptparn Alistonia scholaris

34. Soso Bhelwa Semicarpus anacardium

35. Kend, Triel Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon

36. - Subabool Leucaena leucocephala

37. - Sainjana Moringa oleifera

38. - Ktahal Artocarpus integra

39. Hari Amaltash Cassia fistula

40. Burja, Kachnar Kachnar Bauhinia spp.

41. Kathjamun Kathjamun Syxyglum heyneacum

42. Ritha Reetha Sapindus mukorossi

43. Asing Dhaman Grewia tiliaefolia

44. Kokar, Ghont Karkata Zizyphus xylopyra

45. Lal bottle brush Lal bottle brush Callistemon lanceolatus

46. Hutar Jirhul Indigofera pulchella

47. Tarob Pirar Buchanania latifolia

48. Ber Ber Zizyphus spp.

49. Katangai Toon Cedrela toona

50. Kita Khajur Phoenix acaulis

51. Behi Amrood Psidium guavava

52. Khareta Jangli Mehndi Dodonea viscosa

53. Arandi Arandi Ricinus Communis

54. Aak Aak Calotropis gigantea




55. Panar Chrot, Chkora Cassia tora

56. Chakundi Chakundi Cassia ciamia

57. Kaur Kurchi, Keria Holarrhena antidysentrica

58. Jodhrali Wanmasuri Antidesma ghassembilla

59. Jharneri Jhakheri Zizyphus nummularia

60. Tulsi Tulsi Ocimum sanctum

61. - Bantulsi Ocimum amaricanum

62. Potaporla Murarphal Helicteres isora

63. Huhri Nirguri Vitex negundo

64. Besharam Besharam Ipomoea pes-caparae

65. Bhatkaya Bhatkatya Solanum nigrum

66. Raimuniya Raimuniya Lantana spp.

67. Sitafal Sitafal Anona squamosa

68. Saprum Harsingar Nyctanthes arbortristis

69. Bantulsi Bantulsi Daedalacanthus purpuriens

70. Bana-erand Ratanjot Jatropha spp.

71. Kiwach Kewach Mucuna prurita

72. Nasarbal Mouriyan Butea parviflora

73. Palasbel Badrosin Butea superba

74. Atkir Ramdaton, Sherdaton Smilax Zeylanica

75. Kundri-jamun Ael Acacia pennata

76. Saiya, Kusul Lampa Heteropogon contortus

77. Khash Urai Vetivaria zizanioides

78. Dub Dub Cynodon dactylon

79. Bharbel Kail Dichanthium annulatum

80. Munj Munj Erianthus munja

81. Rusha Rusha Cymbopogon martini

82. Barchon, Bagai Sabai Eulaliopsis binata

83. Buru-mat Bans Dendrocalamus strictus

Table 3.35: List of fauna in buffer zone area

S.N. Scientific Name Local Name English Name Schedule of Wildlife Protection Act

MAMMALS

1. Macaca mulatta Bandar Rhesus macaque II (17-A)

2. Hystrix indica -- Porcupine IV



S.N. Scientific Name Local Name English Name Schedule of Wildlife

Protection Act

3. Hemiechinus auritus collaries -- Hedgehog IV(4-A)

4. Felis chaus Jangli Billi Common Jungle Cat

II (2-C)

5. Herpestes edwardsi Newla Common

Mongoose

IV(6-A)

6. Canis aureus Gidar, Siyar Jackal II (2-B)

7. Vulpes bengalensis Lomari Indian fox II (1-B)

8. Funambulus pennanti Gilhari Common five

Stripped Squirrel

-

BIRDS

9. Bubulcus obis Gai Bagla Cattle egret IV

10. Milvus migrans Chil Common pariah kite -

11. Francolinus pond icerianus Safed Titar Gray partridge IV (51)

12. Cotuenix coturnix Bater Common or grey

quail

IV (51)

13. Francolinus pictus Kala Titar Painted Partridge IV (51)

14. Gallus gallus Red jangle fowl Jangli murgi -

15. Grus grus Common crane Bagla saras IV (16)

16. Treron phoenicoptera Harial Common green pigeon

IV (54)

17. Columba livia Kabutar Blue rock pigeon IV (54)

18. Psittacula eupatria Ram tota Large Indian Parakeet

IV (50)

19. Psittacula krameri Tota Rose ringed parakeet

IV (50)

20. Cuculus varius Papiha Cuckoo,

Brain fever bira

IV (17)

21. Eudynamys scolopceae Koel Cuckoo IV

22. Clamator jacobinus Papiha chatak Pied crested Cuckoo IV (17)

23. Bubo bubo Uloo Owl IV (48)

24. Alcedo atthis Chotta Kilkila Common kingfisher IV (37)

25. Haleyan pileata Korila Black capped

kingfisher

IV (37)

26. Coracias bengalensis Nilkanth Indian roller Blue

jay

IV (59)

27. Dinopim bengalense Kathforwa Golden backed IV (79)



S.N. Scientific Name Local Name English Name Schedule of Wildlife

Protection Act

woodpecker

28. Picoides manrattensis Kathforwa Yellow fronted pied woodpecker

IV (79)

29. Pitta brachura Navrang Indian Pitta IV (55-A)

30. Dicrurus adsimilis Bhujang King crow; Black

Drongo

IV (20)

31. Dicrurus Caerulescens Pahari Bhujang White bellied drango

IV (20)

32. Dicrurus paradiseus Bhimraj Large Racket tailed drango

IV

33. Aerodotheres tristis Maina Common Maina IV (45)

34. Corvus macrorhynchos Junglee Kouva Jungle crow

35. Pericrocotus cinnamomaus Bubul Small minivet IV (8)

36. Pericrocotus flammeus Pahari

Bulbul/Chasm Scarlet minivet

IV (8)

37. Coracina novachollandiae Karaiya Large Cuckoo

38. Pycnonotus jocosus Pahari Bulbul Red whisked Bulbul IV(8)

39. Pycnonotus cafer Bulbul Red vented Bulbul (IV (8)

40. Pomatorhinus schisticeps Sat Bahan Slaty headed

Scimitar bulbul

IV (3)

41. Turdoides striatus Sat Bhai Jungle babbler IV (3)

42. Alcippe poioicephale Sat Bhai Quaker Babbler IV (3)

43. Muscicapatickelline

muscicapidae Shama

Tick ell’s blue

flycatcher

IV (28)

REPTILES

44. Bungarus caerulens -- Common Krait IV (12)

45. Ptyas mucosas -- Yellow rat snake II

46. Typhlina bramina -- Blind Snake -

47. Bungarus laciatus -- Banded Krait IV (12-vi)

48. Calotes versicolur -- Common Garden

Lizard

-

49. Azgar Python I



Table 3.36: List of flora in core zone area


1. Uli Aam Mangifera indica

2. Jojo Imli Tamarindus indica

3. Kathgular Kathumar Ficus hispida

4. Pandrai Kala Siras Albizzia lebbek

5. Kasmar Gamhar Gmelina arborea

6. Lowa Gular Ficus glomerata

7. Ambo Amra Spondias spp.

8. Kuda Jamun ,Jam Syzygium cumini

9. Koroj Karanj Pongamia spp.

10. Neem Neem Azardirachta indica

11. Mur Palas Butea spp.

12. Pipal Peepal Ficus religiosa

13. Bai Bargad, Bar Ficus bengalensis

14. Bel Bel Aegle marmelos

15. Mudupum Mahua Madhuca indica

16. Meral Amla Embelica officinalis

17. Pandari, Karhi Safed Siris Albizzia procera

18. Sagaun Sagaun Tectona grandis

19. Sarjom, Sarai Sal Shorea robusta

20. Semra Simal Salmalia malabarica

21. - Gulmohar Delonix regia

22. Kunnmung Saptparn Alistonia scholaris

23. - Subabool Leucaena leucocephala

24. - Sainjana Moringa oleifera

25. Kathal Kathal Artocarpus integra

26. Hari Amaltash Cassia fistula

27. Burja, Kachnar Kachnar Bauhinia spp.

28. Kathjamun Kathjamun Syxyglum heyneacum

29. - Lal bottel brush Callistemon lanceolatus

30. Ber Ber Zizyphus spp.

31. Kita Khajur Phoenix acaulis

32. Behi Amrood Psidium guavava

33. Khareta Jangli Mehndi Dodonea viscosa

34. Arandi Arandi Ricinus Communis

35. Aak Aak Calotropis gigantea

36. Panar Chrot, Chkora Cassia tora




37. Chakundi Chakundi Cassia ciamia

38. Huhri Nirguri Vitex negundo

39. Besharam Besharam Ipomoea pes-caparae

40. Bhatkaya Bhatkatya Solanum nigrum

41. Raimuniya Raimuniya Lantana spp.

42. Sitafal Sitafal Anona squamosa

43. Saprum Harsingar Nyctanthes arbortristis

44. Nasarbal Mouriyan Butea parviflora

45. Atkir Ramdaton, Sherdaton Smilax zeylanica

46. Kundri-jamun Ael Acacia pennata

47. Saiya, Kusul Lampa Heteropogon contortus

48. Khash Urai Vetivaria zizanioides

49. Dub Dub Cynodon dactylon

50. Bharbel Kail Dichanthium annulatum

51. Buru-mat Bans Dendrocalamus strictus

Table 3.37: List of fauna in core zone area


MAMMALS 1. Macaca mulatta Bandar Rhesus macaque II (17-A) 2. Hystrix indica -- Porcupine IV 3. Hemiechinus auritus collaries -- Hedgehog IV(4-A)

4. Herpestes edwardsi Newla Common Mongoose

IV(6-A)

5. Canis aureus Gidar, Siyar Jackal II (2-B) 6. Vulpes bengalensis Lomari Indian fox II (1-B)

7. Funambulus pennanti Gilhari Common five Stripped Squirrel

-

BIRDS

8. Bubulcus obis Gai Bagla Cattle egret IV

9. Milvus migrans Chil Common pariah kite

-

10. Francolinus pond icerianus Safed Titar Gray partridge IV (51)

11. Cotuenix coturnix Bater Common or grey quail

IV (51)

12. Francolinus pictus Kala Titar Painted Partridge

IV (51)




13. Gallus gallus Jangli murgi Red jangle fowl - 14. Grus grus Bagla saras Common crane IV (16)

15. Treron phoenicoptera Harial Common green pigeon

IV (54)

16. Columba livia Kabutar Blue rock pigeon IV (54)


IV (50)

18. Psittacula Krameri Tota Rose ringed parakeet

IV (50)

19. Cuculus varius Papiha Cuckoo, Brain fever bira

IV (17)

20. Eudynamys scolopceae Koel Koel IV

21. Clamator jacobinus Papiha chatak Pied crested Cuckoo

IV (17)

22. Bubo bubo Uloo Owl IV (48)

23. Alcedo atthis Chotta Kilkila Common kingfisher

IV (37)

24. Haleyan Pileata Korila Black capped kingfisher

IV (37)

25. Coracias bengalensis Nilkanth Indian roller Blue jay

IV (59)

26. Dinopim bengalense Kathfora Golden backed woodpecker

IV (79)

27. Picoides manrattensis Kathfora Yellow fronted pied woodpecker

IV (79)

28. Pitta brachura Navrang Indian Pita IV (55-A)

29. Dicrurus adsimilis Bhujang King crow; Black Drongo

IV (20)

30. Dicrurus Caerulescens Pahari Bhujang White bellied drango

IV (20)

31. Dicrurus paradiseus Bhimraj Large Racket tailed drango

IV

32. Aerodotheres tristis Maina Common Maina IV (45) 33. Corvus macrorhynchos Junglee Koua Junglee crow 34. Pericrocotus cinnamomaus Bubul Small minivet IV (8)

35. Pericrocotus flammeus Pahari Bulbul/Chasm

Scarlet minivet IV (8)

36. Coracina novachollandiae Karaiya Large Cuckoo

37. Pycnonotus jocosus Pahari Bulbul Red whisked Bulbul

IV(8)




38. Pycnonotus cafer Bulbul Red vented Bulbul

(IV (8)

39. Pomatorhinus schisticeps Sat Bahan Slaty headed Scimitar babbler

IV (3)

40. Turdoides striatus Sat Bhai Jungle babbler IV (3) 41. Alcippe poioicephale Sat Bhai Quaker Babbler IV (3)

42. Muscicapatickelline muscicapidae

Shama Tick ell’s blue flycatcher

IV (28)

REPTILES

43. Bungarus caerulens -- Common Krait IV (12) 44. Ptyas mucosas -- Yellow rat snake II 45. Typhlina bramina -- Blind Snake -

46. Bungarus laciatus -- Banded Krait IV (12-vi)

47. Calotes versicolur -- Common Garden

Lizard -

3.3.7.6 Biodiversity in the study area

The study area is marked with good population of flora and fauna. With reference to the Wildlife Protection Act 1972 total number of wild life tabulated in this study can be

characterized as given in the Table 3.38.

Table 3.38: Characterization of fauna in the study area w.r.t. W.P.Act, 1972

Sr. No.

Schedule of Wildlife Protection Act 1972

No. of species

Remark

1 Schedule I One Conservation initiative in consultation with state forest and wildlife department, Government of Jharkhand has been taken. An undertaking for conservation measure has been submitted to the DFO, Jamshedpur

2 Schedule II Five -- 3 Schedule III Nil -- 4 Schedule IV Thirty-six -- 5 Schedule V Nil -- 6 Schedule VI Nil --

The study area is habitat of diverse group of fauna. Conservation status of fauna tabulated in the report has been stated on the basis of IUCN and WII Dehradun characterization as shown in Table 3.39.



Table 3.39: Characterization of fauna in the study area as per their conservation status and Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

Sr. No. Scientific Name Local

Name/ English Name

Conservation status

Schedule of Wildlife

MAMMALS

1. Macaca mulatta Bandar Rhesus macaque

least concern (IUCN) II (17-A)

2. Hystrix indica -- Porcupine least concern (IUCN) IV

3. Hemiechinus auritus collaries -- Hedgehog not listed IV(4-A)

4. Felis chaus Jangli Billi Common Jungle Cat least concern (IUCN) II (2-C)

5. Herpestes edwardsii Newla Common

Mongoose not listed IV(6-A)

6. Canis aureus Gidar, Siyar Golden Jackal least concern(IUCN) II (2-B)

7. Vulpes bengalensis Lomari Indian fox

Vulnerable (WII), least oncern (IUCN)

II (1-B)

8. Funambulus Pennanti Gilhari

Common five Stripped Squirrel

Not listed

-

BIRDS 9. Bubulcus obis Gai Bagla Cattle egret not listed IV

10. Milvus migrans Chil Common pariah kite least concern(IUCN) -

11. Francolinus pond icerianus Safed Titar

Gray partridge not listed

IV (51)

12. Cotuenix coturnix Bater Common or grey quail not listed

IV (51)

13. Francolinus Pictus Kala Titar Painted Partridge least concern(IUCN) IV (51)

14. Gallus gallus Red jangle fowl Jangli murgi least concern(IUCN) -

15. Grus grus Common crane Bagla saras least concern(IUCN) IV (16)

16. Treron phoenicoptera Harial

Common green pigeon

least concern(IUCN) IV (54)

17. Columba livia Kabutar on Blue rock pige




19. Psittacula Krameri Tota Rose ringed parakeet


20. Cuculus varius Papiha Cuckoo, Brain fever bira


21. Eudynamys Koel Koel not listed IV




Name/ English Name

Conservation status


scolopceae

22. Clamator jacobinus

Papiha chatak

Pied crested Cuckoo least concern(IUCN) IV (17)

23. Bubo bubo Uloo Owl least concern(IUCN) IV (48)

24. Alcedo atthis Chotta Kilkila Common kingfisher least concern(IUCN)

IV (37)

25. Haleyan Pileata Korila Black capped kingfisher

not listed IV (37)

26. Coracias bengalensis Nilkanth

Indian roller Blue jay not listed

IV (59)

27. Dinopim bengalense Kathforwa

Golden backed woodpecker

not listed IV (79)

28. Picoides manrattensis Kathforwa

Yellow fronted pied woodpecker

not listed IV (79)

29. Pitta brachura Navrang Indian Pitta not listed IV (55-

A)

30. Dicrurus macrocercus Bhujang

King crow; Black Drongo


31. Dicrurus Caerulescens

Pahari Bhujang

White bellied drango


32. Dicrurus paradiseus

Bhimraj

Large Racket tailed drango

least concern(IUCN)

IV

33. Aerodotheres tristis Maina Common

Maina not listed IV (45)

34. Corvus macrorhynchos

Junglee Kouva

Jungle crow least concern(IUCN)

35. Pericrocotus Cinnamomaus Bulbul Small

minivet not listed IV (8)

36. Pericrocotus flammeus

Pahari Bulbul/Chasm

Scarlet minivet least concern(IUCN)

IV (8)

37. Coracina novachollandiae Karaiya Large

Cuckoo not listed

38. Pycnonotus jocosus Pahari Bulbul

Red whisked Bulbul

least concern(IUCN) IV(8)

39. Pycnonotus cafer Bulbul Red vented Bulbul least concern(IUCN) (IV (8)

40. Pomatorhinus Schisticeps Sat Bahan

Slaty headed Scimitar bulbul

least concern(IUCN)

IV (3)




Name/ English Name

Conservation status


41. Turdoides striatus Sat Bhai Jungle babbler not listed

IV (3)

42. Alcippe Poioicephale Sat Bhai

Quaker Babbler not listed

IV (3)

43. Muscicapatickelline muscicapidae

Shama Tick ell’s blue flycatcher

not listed IV (28)

REPTILES

44. Bungarus caerulens

Karait Common Krait

not listed IV (12)

45. Ptyas mucosas -- Yellow rat snake

not listed II

46. Typhlina bramina -- Blind Snake not listed -

47. Bungarus laciatus -- Banded Krait

not listed IV (12-vi)

48. Calotes versicolur -- Common

Garden Lizard

not listed -

49. Python molurus molurus

Ajgar Python Least threatened (IUCN)

I

Based on the above mentioned information it can be said that conservation status of fauna species reported in this study ranges between vulnerable to least concern.

One incidence has been reported , in which, dead body of a killed sloth bear was found in the buffer zone of study area. This is the only incidence of its kind and no similar incidence has

been reported which may be interpreted as the geographical distribution of sloth bear covers

the East Singbhum district and may extend close to the external boundary of buffer zone of

the study area. Therefore, a conservation plan for sloth bear has been prepared and will be adopted by the UCIL.

3.3.8 Socio- Economic Survey

3.3.8.1 Survey methodology

A survey has been made in the villages and semi-urban location of the study area to have an

impression of socio-economic conditions of the areas. Some indicators of the economic condition of people were selected like vehicles, basic phone/cell phones and household etc.

Villages were surveyed on the basis of their population, approachability, distance and

direction from core zone area. Villages were categorised as within five (5) km and beyond five (5) km of core zone boundary. Majority of villages within the five (5) km range of the core zone were covered. Total sixtyone (61) numbers of villages were surveyed in the study.

Parameters selected to review the condition of basic amenities were medical facilities,



electricity, drinking water facility, educational facility, public transport, post and telegraph

office, bank and entertainment facilities etc. To access the quality of life in the study area

survey has been focused on the household assets or personal belongings of villagers. The information on the above-mentioned parameters has been collected at village level in the

presence of Gram Pradhan and native villagers. Based on the aforesaid survey following

observations were made regarding the status of basic amenities as given in Table 3.40 and household assets in the study area:

Educational Facilities: The study area hasresonable facility for basic education with

reference to primary and middle school. Secondary and senior secondary schools were less in number. All the school facility are at Jaduguda. There is no degree collge in the study area.

Medical Facilities: Allopathic medical facilities were available with UCIL infrastructure at

Jaduguda and Narwapahar. People also depend on Allopathic medical facility available at Ghatshila, particularly from those villages falling closer to Ghatshila than Jaduguda or

Narwapahar. Primary Health Centre of Ghatshila, Potka, Musabani, Kendadih, Jaduguda, Narwapahar, Asanbani, Durku, Kalikapur etc. bears the responsibility of providing medical facilities at village level.

Drinking Water: In majority of the villages ground water is the source of drinking water.

Large number of private and Government dug wells were present in the villages. Majority of the Villages in the study area were equipped with several number of Tube wells.

Type of Road: majority of the roads inside the village are muram road. Connecting roads are Paved (Pucca) in some of the villages.

Power Supply: Good number of villages has power supply for domestic purposes in the

study area. However, there are some villages in remote areas with no power supply.

Post & Telegraph: These facilities are available with UCIL infrastructure at Jaduguda,

Narwapahar and at the block headquarters of the Singhbhum (E) district and some villages

like Kendadih, Royadeha, Kalikapur, Butgora, Bango etc.

Public Transport: Bus service is restricted to the Musabani-Sundernagar road. Villagers

have to commute up to main roads to avail this facility. There are three Railway Stations

namely Asanbani, Rakha Mines and Galudih situated in the study area on which villagers depend. People also use Ghatsila R.S. to commute.

Bank & ATM: In the study area banks and ATM’s were operating at UCIL’s infrastructure at Jaduguda and Narwapahar. State Bank of India and some other banks operate in the study

area. Bank is also accessible at Kalikapur, Kendadih, Galudih (Bank of Baroda, Gramin Bank)

etc.



Entertainment: there is no entertainment facility like cinema hall or video hall in the study

area. Tatanagar is the nearest source of cinema hall for people of this area.

Tractor/Car & Jeep: A good number of villages are having these assets in multiple namely Kalikapur, Dhirol, Machua, Murgaghutu, Chandrekha, Kulamera, Dhabani, Sehda, Telaitanr,

Balijuri, Domjuri, Bhatin, Asanbani, Kuldiha, Gopalpur, Rajdeha and town areas of Jaduguda.

It is a good indicator of the purchasing power of people in these villages. In addition, there are several villages with single number of these assets.

Motor-cycle & Cycle: these assets are available in multiple in the majority of villages of

study area.

Mobile/Radio/TV: mobile phones are becoming new liking of people of all income groups.

Villages with no tractors, car, or even motorcycle have mobile phones with them. TV and radio are still favoured by the villagers with the facility of electricity for domestic purposes.

Bullock Cart: it is still preferred by the villagers for agricultural purposes and carrying goods.

It is possessed by almost all villages.

Electric appliance: these assets are becoming common in the study area with a pace due to

the presence of electricity.

Sewing Machine: These are also present in several numbers of villages showing role of women in household income.

In general the study area needs some strengthening with respect to basic amenities like hospitals, electricity, roads and drinking water and educational facilities. Most of the houses

are kuchha with mud walls and only few villages having brick houses. The health facility and availability of doctors are satisfactory in the adjacent areas of core zone at Jaduguda. Under medical facilities, all the system such as allopathic, homeopathic and Ayurvedic medicines are

available at a distance of 5 to 10 km. Jaduguda & Narwapahar have good medical facility

dedicated by UCIL. In the remote villages of buffer zone people have to travel 5 to 10 km on an average to reach nearby health centre. There is lack of higher educational facility in the

area. In most of the villages the connecting road to the main road is kuchha road. Households

in the study area are either using firewood or coal as fuel. House to house survey has

revealed that drinking water facility is a problem to the local people. However existence of UCIL infrastructure has facilitated the overall improvement of Socio-economic status of the

area. This project will provide a much-needed boost to improve the quality of life of the

people residing in the area.



Table 3.40: Basic amenities in study area

Dist : East Singhbhum Sr.

No. Village

Educational Facility

In Km

Médical Facility Drinking Waters Post & Telephone

Public Conveyances

Approach Power supply

1 Bhatin P,M (<5), S(<5) 2 km W(10),TK(3),TW(12) PO N MR, FP Y

2 Digri P ( <5 ) 1-12 km TW(6),W(14) PO, Phone booth Y MR Y

3 Kalikapur P(<5),S(<5) 7-8 km W(80),T(15),TW(12) PO, Phone booth Y MR Y

4 Charind M (<5) 12 km W(4),T(6),TW(7) PO, Phone booth Y MR Y

5 Khanadih P(<5) 4-12 km W(3),TW(4) PO, Phone booth N PR Y

6 Jaggnathpur M (<5) 1-15 km W(10),TK(2),TW(27) PO, Phone booth N MR Y

7 Dhatkidih P(<5 ),M(<5 ) 3-8 km TW(6) PO, Phone booth Y MR N

8 Galudih P(<1) 8-10 km W(4),TK(1),TW(2) PO, Phone booth Y PR Y

9 Kumirmudih P(<5) 8 km W(6),TK(6),TW(8) PO, Phone booth Y MR Y

10 Chapri P(<1), M(<1), SS 8-14 km W(13),TK(3),TW(12) PO, Phone booth N MR Y

11 Bhutka P(<5) ½ km W(6),TK(5),TW(10) Phone booth Y MR, PR Y

12 Dhirol M(<5) 6-8 km W(15),TK(4),TW(10) PO Y MR Y

13 Manhorra P(<5) 8-10 km W(6),TK(4),TW(10) PO Y MR N

14 Hartopa P(<5) -- W(6),TK(2),TW(6), T(1) PO Y PR Y

15 Damudih P(<5) 24-25 km W(8),TK(5),TW(6) PO, Phone booth Y MR Y

16 Matkomdih P(<5) 8-10 km W(5),TK(3),TW(10) PO, Phone booth Y MR Y




No. Village


In Km


Public Conveyances


17 Natra P,M (<5) 1-10 km W(6),TK(4),TW(7) PO, Phone booth Y MR Y

18 Kahshidih P(<5) 2 km W(5),TK(1),TW(8) PO, Phone booth Y MR Y

19 Kenmundri P, M (<10) 8 km TW(3) PO, Phone booth Y MR N

20 Goargram P(<5) 12 km W(4),TK(1),TW(5) PO, Phone booth Y MR N

21 Mechuva P,S (<5) 1 km W(25),TK(2),TW(21) PO, Phone booth Y MR Y

22 Domjhuri M(<5) 4 km W(25),TK(4),TW(14) PO, Phone booth Y PR Y

23 Murgaghutu P(<5) 1 ½ km W(7),TK(2),TW(5),T(1) PO, Phone booth Y PR Y

24 Nischintpur P(<5) 14 km W(2),TW(2) PO, Phone booth Y MR N

25 Dewali P (<5 ) 4-10 km W(4),TK(2),TW(8) PO, Phone booth N MR Y

26 Pyraguri P, M (<5) 15 km W(4), TW(10) Phone booth N MR Y

27 Chandrarekha M (<5) 5 km W(20),TK(4),TW(20) Phone booth Y MR Y

28 Kashidih P (<5) 5 km W(3),TK(2),TW(4) -- N MR Y

29 Rohnibera P (<5) 2 km W(7), TW(7) -- N MR Y

30 Basdungri P (<10) 8 km W(3),TK(1),TW(6) --- N MR Y

31 Sitadarga P (<5) 2 km W(10),TK(3),TW(1) --- N MR Y

32 Marti Goda M (<5), S (<5) 7 km W(20),TK(1),TW(10) --- N PR Y

33 Roaam P (<5) 6 km W(16),TK(5),TW(4) ---- N PR Y




No. Village


In Km


Public Conveyances


34 Baramdera P (<10) 6 km W(2),,TW(4) ---- N MR Y

35 Kulamara M(<5) 6 km TW (17) --- N MR N

36 Saanspur P(<5) M(<5) 5 km W (10), TK (3), TW (8) PO N MR Y

37 Jabla P(<5) -- TW (4) -- N MR N

38 Durku M(<5) 3 km W (5), TK (2), TW (10) -- Y PR Y

39 Dhobni P(<5), M(<5) 5 km W (13), TK (2), TW (7) -- N MR N

40 Sohda P(<5), M(<5) 6 km W (6), TK (3), TW (4) -- N PR Y

41 Telaitand P,M, S(<5) 3 km W (30), T (2), TW (7) PO Y MR, FP Y

42 Balijuri P (<5), M (<5) 5 km W(20),TK(1),TW(6) --- N MR Y

43 Lakhandih P, M(<10) 8 km W(2),TW(1) -- Y MR Y

44 Chatikocha P, M(<5) 3 km W(4), T (2), TK(4),TW(4) -- N PR Y

45 Ichra M (<5) 2 km W(20),T(1),TW(2) TO N MR Y

46 Asanbani P(<5), M(<5), S(<5), SS(<5 )

20 km W(30), T (2), TK(5),TW(12) PO Y PR Y

47 Kuldiha P,M (<5) 3-5 km W(11), TK(4),TW(15) --- Y MR,FP Y

48 Gopalpur P(<5) 7 km W(10), TK(5),TW(25) ---- Y MR Y

49 Kalapathar M (<5) 7 km W(15),TW(5) -- N FP Y

50 Bondih P, M (>5) 1-3 km W(4), T (2), TW(25) --- N MR Y




No. Village


In Km


Public Conveyances


51 Lipighutu P (<5) 4-5 km W(25), TK(3),TW(6) --- Y FP Y

52 Kokda M (<5 ) 8 km W(21), TK(5),TW(25) -- Y FP Y

53 Barjudah P(<5) 6 km W(15), T (7), TK(2),TW(13) PO Y MR Y

54 Jharia P(<5 ) 3 km W(21), T (5), TK(13),TW(5) --- N MR Y

55 Razdoha M (<5 ) 7 km W(20), TK(5),TW(30) PO, TO N MR N

56 Arkapora P (<5) 6-10 km W(3), TK(1),TW(5) PO N MR N

57 Pondudih < 10 5 km W(7), TW(3) ---- N MR Y

58 Patherbangra P (<5) 4-10 km W(2), TK(1),TW(5) PO, TO Y MR N

59 Chatanida P (<5) 3-5 km W(2), TK(1),TW(2) PO Y MR N

60 Nutandih P (<5) 4-8 km W(1), TK(1),TW(3) PO N MR N

61 Jaduguda colony P (<5), SS(<5) --- TK( ),TW(6) PO,TO, Phone booth

Y PR Y

<5 Facility available 5 km TK() Tank water PR Approach- Paved Road 5-10 Facility available 5-10 km TW() Tube well water MR Approach- Mud Road P() Primary school HP() Hand pump FP Approach- footpath M() Middle school R() River ED Electricity in domestic use S() Secondary school C() Canal EAGR Electricity in agriculture SS() Sr. Secondary school L() Lake EO Electricity of other purpose ALLHOSP() Allopathic hospital S() Spring MC W() maternity & Child welfare centre PO Post office PHC() Public health service TO Telegraph office PHS() Primary health sub service TP Telephone connection CHW() Community health workers BS() Bus service T Tap water RS Railway service W Well water CV Cinema Video Hall



3.3.9 Demographic Details of the Study Area

The demographic details of the study area is shown in Table 3.41.

Table: 3.41 Demographic details of the study area: Bhatin

Study Area Sl No. Item

3 Kms 5 Kms 10 Kms

% (with 10km)

1 Population (Total) 29868 48257 90411 100

A Male 15615 25007 46429 51.35

B Female 14253 23250 43982 48.65

C Sex Ratio 912 1869 2836 --

D SC 1723 2216 3470 3.84

E ST 10430 17484 38240 42.30

2 Households 5913 9511 17846 19.74

3 Literates 18873 27373 47105 52.10

4 Working Populations 9570 17716 35128 38.85

A Main Workers 6987 11709 20106 22.24

B Cultivators 851 2300 4882 5.40

C Agril Labours 741 2175 4253 4.70

D HH Industries 303 572 1223 1.35

E Others 5092 6662 9748 10.78

F Marginal Workers 2583 6007 15022 16.62

Note: As per record of Census of India 2001.



List of Villages within study area

( List of above villages is based on information given in the survey of India toposheet no 73 J/6, Edition: 1978).

(A) List of villages within core zone:

1. Bhatin (B) List of villages within 3 Km from Lease Area

1. Baglasai 2. Mechua 3. Sosoghutu, 4. Turukocha 5. Uldidih 6. Bandih 7. Barjudih 8. Bhabanidih

9. Durku 10. Gopalpur 11. Ichra 12. Jaduguda 13. Jhariya 14. Kagda 15. Kalapathar 16. Kuldiha

17. Lepadih 18. Lipighutu 19. Rohinbera 20. Swaspur 21. Tilaitanr

(C) List of villages within 3km-5 Km from Lease Area

1. Asanboni 2. Baheradih 3. Balijuri 4. Baramdha 5. Barpathar 6. Basdungri 7. Birbandih 8. Birdha 9. Birgoon 10. Chandrarekha 11. Dango 12. Deuli 13. Dhadkidih 14. Dhakasai 15. Dharaghutu 16. Dhatkidih 17. Dulkipara 18. Gohaldanga 19. Jublatola 20. Karasai 21. Kashidih 22. Kasidih 23. Kuliyana 24. Lakhandih 25. Lupunghutu 26. Mahuldih 27. Matigora 28. Narayanpur 29. Nishchintapur 30. Nutandih 31. Parudih

32. Payaraguri 33. Poldih 34. Potharbhanga 35. Rajdoh 36. Ranikudor 37. Sahoda 38. Sarogchita 39. Sidhadanga 40. Sugnath 41. Tilamura 42. Upar Patharbhanga



(D) List of villages within 5km-10 Km from Lease Area 1. Adiragrosai 2. Amchuria 3. Amdih 4. Arkabera 5. Arkadih 6. Bagaldih 7. Bagnaara 8. Baliyogora 9. Bamnidih 10. Banadungri 11. Bandih 12. Bankhikocha 13. Bankikocha 14. Bara Govindpur 15. Bara Khursi 16. Barasigdi 17. Barbil 18. Bardabanki 19. Basila 20. Batiposa 21. Belojuri 22. Beradih 23. Bhalukdih 24. Bhalukgojdr 25. Bharhardih 26. Bheluydkocha 27. Bheraghutu 28. Bhurisal 29. Bnutko 30. Boredih 31. Chapri 32. Chatro 33. Chholagora 34. Chhota Basila 35. Chhota Khursi 36. Chimoljuri 37. Chirugora 38. Chiruguratola 39. Chorinda 40. Dabanki 41. Damudih 42. Darisai 43. Dhanguriya 44. Dhaniya 45. Dhatkidih 46. Dhirol 47. Digarsai 48. Digri 49. Doksal

50. Domjuri 51. Dudhkuri 52. Gajurdih 53. Gargoon 54. Ghatiduba 55. Ghikali 56. Ghutiya 57. Ghutubern 58. Gitildih 59. Goradih 60. Goyalketa 61. Goyalkota 62. Hartopa 63. Hathibindha 64. Hirachunni 65. Hitku 66. Hitkujuri 67. Hopudih 68. Hupudih 69. Idalgojar 70. Indasal 71. Jamdih 72. Jhatajhora 73. Kadma 74. Kalikapur 75. Kamalpur 76. Kamdirgora 77. Kanikola 78. Karadubha 79. Karamghutu 80. Kasidih 81. Kendmudhi 82. Kendmuri 83. Kesikudar 84. Khachilbil 85. Khankripara 86. Khariacolony 87. Kharku 88. Khundadih 89. Khursi 90. Kistonagar 91. Klayerboni 92. Kudapal 93. Kulamara 94. Kuliyana 95. Kumirmuri 96. Kuntadih 97. Luabihtola 98. Luyadih

99. Madnabera 100. Mahulia 101. Maliyanta 102. Manpur 103. Matkdmath 104. Matku 105. Mohanadih 106. Mohulisal 107. Monhara 108. Murgaghutu 109. Murgtanri 110. Nargon 111. Netasal 112. Netra 113. Nutandih 114. Pandibera 115. Pangadih 116. Pashordih 117. Patharchaki 118. Patkito 119. Patmahulia 120. Phutkocha 121. Pichhli 122. Podadih 123. Pohintanr 124. Putru 125. Ragcoson 126. Rangamatia 127. Rimra 128. Royam 129. Rugridih 130. Salboni 131. Sasanghutu 132. Sati 133. Shamutola 134. Sideshar 135. Sigra 136. Sikra 137. Sinburgauri 138. Sirindih 139. Sonadih 140. Sundarkundi 141. Sundarpur 142. Susnigaria 143. Thakurbindha 144. Topadih 145. Upper Royam



Chapter 4

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION

MEASURES

4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

Environment and development should be considered as mutually complementary, interdependent, and an instrument of reinforcing the quality of life. Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) is the important aspect of overall environmental management strategy and

an important tool for sustainable development. It identifies major impacts of mining and associated activities on environment and provides guideline to prepare the necessary control

measure termed as Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

4.2 SCREENING AND SCOPING OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

4.2.1 Impact during Sitting and Construction Stage Site selection is not applicable in the present context with respect to site-specific project of

Bhatin mine. No infrastructure development is envisaged for Bhatin project. No construction

activity shall be done to continue the mine operation. Consequently impact during sitting &

construction is not envisaged.

4.2.2 Impact during Operational Phase

Some of the impacts identified in various phases of operation are insignificant and do not

warrant much attention whereas some others are important especially with respect to the present context. Therefore objective is to identify those impacts, which are significant and

require a detailed analysis for decision making or formulating adequate management

measures. This section deals with an assessment of impact of various mining activities on the existing environmental conditions. The methodology of assessment is based upon

identification and description of the existing project activities as well as environmental components followed by evaluating the impact of mining and associated activities on the environment. The environmental components that are likely to be influenced or modified by

the continuation of project activities are:

Air Environment Noise Environment Water Environment Topography and Land use alteration



Soil Environment Flora and fauna Radiation Socio-economic status of the area

4.2.2.1 Impact on Ambient Air Quality

The likely sources of air pollution with respect to activities are:

Generation of dust from ore transportation Generation of dust during drilling, loading & unloading Air born radioactive emissions due to various operations Release of vehicular exhaust

At present, ore is being transported to Ore Processing Plant, Jaduguda by covered truck.

Same truck carries the tailing which is used for underground filling. Road have adequate

capacity to transport the ore with the existing traffic load. The road is regularly maintained by UCIL. As suggested by MoEF, a study was conducted to ascertain the feasibility of ore

transportation from Bhatin Mines to Jaduguda Ore Processing Plant through conveyor belt.

The techno-commercial feasibility was evaluated vis-à-vis various impacts on the social and environmental regime which are topography of the area, forest cover and settlement. One of

the major constraints of laying conveyor belt from Bhatin to Jaduguda is identified as dense to

moderate settlement in between these two places. The surrounding area is also marked by hills and forest land. Substantial forest land has to be diverted for implementation of this

project. It was concluded that the present practise of transporting ore by covered truck is suitable under the given circumstances.

Particulate Matters (SPM & RPM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxide of Nitrogen (NOx) have

been identified to assess the impact on ambient air quality.

A) Particulate Matters (SPM & RPM) Since the mining activity is primarily restricted to underground, there is no significant impact

on air quality due to particulate matters. Maximum level of SPM in the core zone is observed

at Bhatin mine 205 g/m3 and corresponding value in buffer zone 261 g/m3 at Jaduguda.

The maximum values of RPM in core and buffer zone are 89 g/m3 to 98 g/m3 respectively

which are below the permissible limit. As there will be no increment of vehicular movement

due to renewal of lease, impact due to fugitive dust will be insignificant.

B) Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

SO2 values in core and buffer zones ranging from <10 g/m3 to 14 g/m3 and <10 g/m3 to

17 g/m3 respectively, which are well within the prescribed limits. There is no source of SO2



emissions except vehicular exhaust in underground; consequently no impact of SO2 is

envisaged in ambient air quality.

C) Oxide of Nitrogen (NOx) NOx concentration in core and buffer zones ranges between <10 g/m3 to 18 g/m3 and <10

g/m3 to 32 g/m3 respectively, which are well within the prescribed limits. There is no source

of NOx emissions except vehicular exhaust in underground; consequently no impact of NOx is envisaged in ambient air quality.

The existing background level of dust and gaseous pollutants, as indicated in baseline data (Chapter 3), are well within the permissible standards. The latest AAQM result of Bhatin mine

is shown in Table 4.1. From all results it will be revealed that no significant impact on

ambient air quality due to lease renewal of Bhatin is envisaged.

Table 4.1: Ambient air quality of Bhatin Mine

Parameters (µg/m3) Sr. No.

Date of Sampling RPM (PM10) SPM SO2 NOx

1. 16-17/08/2010 85 243 <10 12

2. 04-05/11/2010 75 211 <10 15

4.2.2.2 Impact on Noise

The existing noise level in the core zone varies from 60 to 65.4 dB (A). Work zone noise level

is unlikely to increase due to the proposed expansion (lease renewal).

4.2.2.3 Impact on Water Environment

A) Water Quality No water is discharged to environment from Bhatin mine as mine water is treated and reused

for industrial purposes at Jaduguda. Quantity of wastewater will remain the same after lease renewal. The existing background level of water quality as indicated by the baseline data (Chapter 3) revealed that impact on water environment will be insignificant due lease

renewal, with continuing present environmental management plan. The U(nat) and 226Ra

concentration in surface water and ground water are represented in Table 4.2 & 4.3.



Table 4.2: Concentration of U (nat) & 226Ra in surface water around Bhatin

Sr. No. Location Date of

sampling U(nat) µg/l

226Ra mBq/l

1. Juria Tilaitand 05.10.2010 1.0 <3.5 2. Gara River, U/S 05.10.2010 <0.5 <3.5 3. Gara River, D/S 05.10.2010 10.5 11.0 4. Suvarnrekha U/S 05.10.2010 2.8 0.4 5. Suvarnrekha D/S 05.10.2010 0.9 <3.5

DWC limit 60 300

Table 4.3: Concentration of U(nat) and 226Ra in ground water

Location Type of sample

Date of Sampling

U(nat) µg/l

226Ra mBq/l

Primary School, Bhatin BW 15.04.2010 3.1 <3.5

Govt. High School Jaduguda More BW 15.04.2010 1.3 7.5 Mechua Primary School BW 15.04.2010 7.4 <3.5 Netaji Subas High School, Kalikapur BW 15.04.2010 1.4 10.0 Upgraded M.E. School, Tilaitand BW 15.04.2010 3.0 9.5 Govt. M.E. School,Ichra BW 15.04.2010 -- --

DWC Limit 60 300

Concentration of U (nat) & 226Ra in surface water and ground water shows that values are

well within the prescribed standards.

B) Water Resources

The major source of the water in the region is South-West monsoon and very small

contribution from the northeast during the winter season. As the area is being located in the hot-tropical belt, the temperature regime is very high. Due to excessive heat, the loss of

moisture through evaporation is considerably high. During the wet monsoon seasons, the net evaporation is less than the precipitation, resulting in surplus water which loss through either surface runoff or being part of the subsurface storage. The surface runoff and subsurface

storage of water depends upon various factors including the amount of rainfall, topography of

the area, land use pattern, soil type, slope, physiographic, drainage pattern and hydro geomorphology of the catchment / sub-catchment. The present study area is undulating with

small hillocks and vegetative cover. Water collected on the hill slopes and valley areas gets

collected in low-lying area and is thus ultimately absorbed in the top soil cover and become part of the ground water flow according to the slope to form seasonal streams/nallas.



Hydrogeological study has been conducted in order to evaluate the water potential and

impact of mining activity. The sub-watershed has been demarcated in Figure 4.1. The sub-

watershed area confining the contributing and receiving streams has been studied which is 5.10 km2.

Figure 4.1: Location of Bhatin sub-watershed

The hydrological parameters were calculated on the basis of 20 years average rainfall data

which is 1278 mm, out of which 281.26 mm is lost as the surface runoff, 805.14 mm is lost through evapotranspiration and only 191.6 mm is enter into the subsoil and recharge the

aquifer. Therefore only 15.0% of the rainfall water becomes part of ground water recharge,

rest 22% is lost as the surface and sub-surface runoff, and 63% is lost through evapo-transpiration. The annual water balance of the watershed is given in the Table 4.4.

Rainfall (1278 mm) = Actual Evapotranspiration (805.14 mm)

+ Soil Moisture change (0 mm)

+ Moisture surplus (472.86 mm)



The soil moisture surplus (472.86 mm) is an aggregate of (i) surface run-off and (ii) sub-

surface groundwater storage as aquifer recharge. Therefore, out of surplus moisture of

472.86 mm, 281.16 mm lost through surface runoff and 191.7 mm become part of the aquifer recharge. Different hydrological components, the ground water potential, and the stage of

ground water development are given in the Table 4.5.

Table 4.4: Annual water balance of the sub-watershed of study area

Parameter % of Rainfall

Calculation Values million m3

Sub-watershed area 5.10 km2 -- 5100000 m2 -- Total Precipitation 1278.0 mm 100.0 5100000X1.278m2 65.17 Evapotranspiration 805.14 mm 63.0 5100000X0.80514 m2 4.10 Total Runoff 281.16 mm 22.0 5100000X0.28116 m2 1.43 Ground water recharge 191.6 mm 15.0 5100000X0.1917 m2 0.97

Computation of Total Annual Replenishable Recharge (TARR) (million m3/year)

a) By ground water table fluctuation method:

The TARR can be calculated by following formula:

TARR (million m3/year) = Area*average water table fluctuation*Specific Yield

= 5100000 m2*4.45*0.04

= 0.9078 million m3/year

The specific yield for hard rocks is taken as 0.04 as per status report on review of ground

water resources estimation methodology developed by Central Ground Water Board report, 2009

b) By rainfall infiltration factor method (RIF) (million m3/year):

= Area*average rainfall*infiltration

= 5100000 m2*1.278m*0.12


Since the deviation between the above two method is less than 20%, recharge using water

level fluctuation method is considered as TARR.

TARR = 0.9078 million m3/year



Annual draft excluding estimated draft through mine discharge (million m3/year)

The major sources of the water in the region are small ponds and ground water. Ground

water is withdrawn usually by means of open dug wells and small diameter hand operated

tube wells. There is no irrigation facility in the area and only one crop is in practice (paddy), so the domestic withdrawal is the major water draft and water withdrawal from other sources

is negligible. The total population in the sub-watershed area of 5.10 km2 is around 3,127, so the domestic withdrawal of water has been computed by considering 70 L per day per headwater consumption. The total annual domestic water withdrawal for the sub-watershed

becomes:

Population *consumption*days

= (3127*70*365)/1000 m3

= 79894.8 m3


Estimated draft through mine discharge (million m3/year):

The estimated average mine water discharge will be in the order of 100 m3/day. Thus, the

annual draft through mine discharges (million m3/year):

= 100 *365 = 36500 m3/year i.e.


Annual draft = 0.0799+0.0365= 0.1164 million m3/year

Net ground water availability

= TARR – (Total annual draft)

= 0.9078 – (0.1164) million m3/year


Stage of ground water development (in %) = Net draft/ TAAR

= [(0.1164)/0.9078]*100

= 12.82%



Table 4.5: Summary of the water potential estimation

a) Range of water table (m bgl)

Pre-Monsoon

Core Zone Buffer Zone

7.74 m 7.72 m

Post-Monsoon

Core Zone

Buffer Zone

3.24 m

3.29 m

b) Total annual replenishable recharge (million m3/year)

By ground water table fluctuation method (million m3/year) 0.9078

By rainfall infiltration factor method (million m3/year) 0.7821

TARR (million m3/year) 0.9078

c) Annual draft excluding estimated draft through mine discharge (million m3/year)

0.1164

d) Estimated draft through mine discharge (million m3/year) 0.0365

e) Net annual ground water availability (million m3/year) 0.7914

f) Stage of ground water development in % 12.82

3.3.2.13 Radius of Influence (r0)

Q = K *(ho

2 - hw2)/ln (ro/rw)

Where, Q is discharge in m3/day, K is the hydraulic conductivity (m/day), ho is the thickness of

the aquifer, hw is pumping depth and rw is the radius of the discharging well.

Q = 1800 m3/day, hw = 32.

The obtained ho is 36m and the average K is 1.4 m/day, rw = 7m ,

ro = rw exp{K/Q * (ho2-hw

2)}, ro = 403 m

Radius of influence = 403 m

Hydrogeological study revealed that stage of ground water development is only 12.82 % and

hence there is no dearth of water availability in the area. Mining operation will have no impact

on water resources. However as water conservation practice, rain water harvesting scheme has been implemented.



4.2.2.4 Topography and Landuse Alteration Bhatin mine is an underground mine and hence alteration of the surface topography is not

expected. At the end of mining, a landscape with predominance of forest land shall emerge.

As there will not be any expansion work at the existing establishment, change in topography is not envisaged. Storm water from the lease area flows into seasonal drainage channels,

which ultimately drain into Gara river, adjacent to east of the lease area. No alteration of

drainage pattern of the area is envisaged.

Stage-wise land reclamation and conceptual landuse plan of mining lease area are depicted in

Table 4.6 & 4.7.

Table 4.6: Stage-wise land reclamation of lease area (ha)

Sl. No.

Land Use Category Present 5th Year 10th Year

End of Mine Life

1. Agricultural 81.43 81.43 81.43 81.43

2. Forest 54.53 54.53 54.53 54.53

3. Industrial Establishments 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.0

4. Greenbelt / Plantation 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.87

5. Settlement 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

6. Waste Land 4.15 4.15 4.15 0

TOTAL 142.98 142.98 142.98 142.98

Table 4.7: Conceptual landuse plan of lease area

Land Use (ha) Sl. No. Description

Plantation Public Use Undisturbed Total

1. Agricultural Nil Nil 81.43 81.43

2. Forest Nil Nil 54.53 54.53

3. Industrial Establishments 0.72 Nil 1.0 1.72

4. Greenbelt / Plantation 1.0 Nil Nil 1.0

5. Settlement Nil Nil 0.15 0.15

6. Waste Land 4.15 Nil Nil 4.15

TOTAL 5.87 0 137.11 142.98



4.2.2.5 Impact on Soil Environment Since Bhatin is developed and running underground mines, there will be no net loss of soil

during the operation of mine. Contamination of soil quality, to some extent, is possible in the

core zone near workshop & garage area for which adequate mitigating measures have been taken. In spite of these, no significant impact on soil quality has been observed. It is also,

observed that agricultural production has remained in the primitive stage, unable to fulfil the

local requirement of food, vegetable and dairy products. This is largely due to the lack of motivation and non-implementation of new technologies. Hence the mining becomes the

primary and secondary employment of farmers.

U(nat) and 226Ra concentration in soil around Bhatin is represented in Table 4.8. The global

variation in concentration of uranium in soil ranges from 0.7 to 11 ppm (up to 15 ppm in farmland soil due to use of phosphate fertilizers has also been observed). Value shows that

variations are in normal range.

Table 4.8: Mean concentration of U(nat) and 226Ra in soil samples

Location Date of

sampling U (nat) mg/kg

226Ra Bq/kg

Bhatin village paddy field 14.10.2010 2.60 39.0

Rajdoha village,paddy field 14.10.2010 5.20 50.0

Titalaitand village,paddy field 14.10.2010 0.41 11.0

Sohada village, paddy field 14.10.2010 1.16 8.0

Kalikapur village, Paddy field 14.10.2010 0.78 12.0

Mechua village, paddy field 14.10.2010 2.50 23.0

4.2.2.6 Impact on Flora and Fauna

There no forest area diversion is required for the project. None of the plants will be cut during

operational phase of the mine. The area is moderately populated with a number of villages. The fauna in the vicinity of the mine is restricted to few common small species. There will be

no impact on fauna due to expansion project as no extra land is envisaged. The existing level

of biological diversity seen in the light of UCIL’s operations since 1967, emphasize diversity friendly nature of these operations.

4.2.2.7 Impact of Radiation The possible radiological impacts for Bhatin mine to be considered are as follows:



Radiation exposure of workers and members of the public living in the vicinity

Emission of Radon from mines and its migration to long distances

Dispersal of radioactive dust from operation Contamination of surface and ground water due to mining

Effects on flora & fauna and on food chain Due to natural background radiation, every human being receives a global average dose of

2.4 mili Sievert per year (mSv/Yr). In some high natural background radiation regions of the world such as some parts of China, Brazil, Iran and parts of Coastal Kerala & Tamilnadu in India, this is found to be of the order of 10 mSv/Yr or even more. Therefore, the radiation

received by Uranium miners is not unique to their profession. The AERB statutes limit it to

20mSv/Yr in line with the international standard in this respect.

UCIL is mining low-grade uranium ore at Bhatin mine. Low grades of ore give rise to

correspondingly low levels of external doses. At the grades of commonly mined ores

worldwide, long-lived alpha emitters in ore dust are usually not a significant source of exposure (International Atomic Energy Agency, Safety Series No. 95, 1989).

Exposure to radon and its short-lived progeny is controlled by adequate ventilation commensurate with the concentration of radon observed in the mine. To unlimited dilution with atmospheric air, radon concentration in the work zone air is reduced to insignificant

levels. With wet drilling, generation of dust containing silica and low levels of long-lived radioactivity in the work place is significantly reduced. In the ore handling areas, dust

suppression by water sprinkling is carried out to minimize generation of radioactive fugitive

dust. The international commission on radiological protection (ICRP) in its publication, ICRP-65 (1993) suggests that the specific alpha activity of the particles in the respirable ore dust is

low and any effects may be influenced more by the physical and chemical forms of the dust

than by the activity concentration. In view of the low grade of the ore, the gamma radiation exposure near the rock is correspondingly very low and marginally above the local natural

background.

Every human activity has some associated risk which has to be weighed with regard to the

benefits. The standards of safety and dose limits in the Indian Uranium mining are those recommended by the ICRP and adopted by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB). The

dose limits recommended by the ICRP are followed all over the world and accepted by the international Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the World Health Organisation (WHO),

International Labour Organisation (ILO) and several organisations concerned with the safety

of workers, members of the public and the environment. The ICRP and IAEA prescribe the annual dose limit of 20 mSv/Y averaged over 5 years.



Bhatin mine is operating since more than three decades. Health Physics Unit of Bhabha

Atomic Research Centre has been regularly carrying out survey of radiation exposure and

possible health effects at Bhatin. It has been observed that exposure of workers to radiation is well within the prescribed limits. The observations are periodically reviewed by the AERB

and other concerned regulatory bodies. Various health surveys have revealed that the disease

patterns in the study area cannot be ascribed to radiation in any of the cases.

4.2.2.8 Socio-Economic Impact

The industrial activity together with inflow of capital, in-migration and employment of local

inhabitants has shown positive impact on the overall social and economic condition of the people of the area. With the commencement of the project, a significant in-migration has

taken place, a good number of which are the commuters from Jamshedpur and other adjoining places. The project has provided a direct job opportunity to the local persons as

both technical and non-technical workers. While substantial portions of them are villagers from the effective area, a part has also migrated in from far off areas. Establishments of well-

maintained residential colony for employees of all categories at Jaduguda have created

substantial demands for commodities like food and consumable goods. Subsequently urbanisation of Jaduguda could be seen in recent time. Transportation link with Jamshedpur

has been improved due to UCIL’s initiatives. Literacy has further increased because of better

income and awareness amongst the people.

Uranium mining and agriculture are the basic sector of employment for the local people in this

area. The project has provided direct employment opportunity to local people. Indirect employment is being generated in trade and other ancillary services. Employment in these

sectors is both permanent and temporary or contractual and involvement of unskilled labour. A major part of this labour force is mainly from local villagers who are expected to engage themselves both in agriculture and project activities. This enhances their income and lead to

overall economic growth of the area.

The following socio-economic changes have taken place due to project activities:

The project is having a strong positive employment and income effect, both direct as well as indirect.

Improvement of infrastructure & transportation.

Improvement of health care and education facility. The project is having positive impact on consumption behaviour by way of raising

average consumption and income through multiplier effect.

The project has brought about changes in the pattern of demand from food to non-food items as sufficient income is being generated. People located in the



project area and in close vicinity, enjoying positive changes in life style and better

quality of life.

People perceive that the project has helped in the development of various social infrastructures.

4.2.3 Impacts in the Post-Operational Phase

Bhatin is small underground mine. All infrastructures and facilities are confined in small area. After mine closure all the facilities will be dismantled as per AERB and DGMS guidelines

except colony area. Transport facilities, business and associated development have been

improved due to UCIL’s operation. These have beneficial impacts on socio-economic environment. As far as socio-economic is concerned, there will be no impact after post

operational phase as the economy of Jaduguda has reached at self-sustainable stage and

employee who has not attended the superannuation may get job in UCIL’s other mines.

4.3 MITIGATIVE MEASURES AND POLLUTION CONTROL Environmental management plan (EMP) includes action to protect environment by using

instruments, technological upgradation, surveillance and statutory norms. To mitigate the

adverse impacts, if any, caused due to uranium mining at Bhatin, the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been formulated. The EMP has prescribed environmental monitoring and implementation of environmental protection measures during and after mining

operations. The environmental and socio-economic aspects are dealt in and likely environmental control measures are suggested as under:

Air Pollution Control Noise Control

Water Management, Conservation and Pollution Control

Solid Waste Management Flora & Fauna and landuse Planning

Radiation aspects

Occupational health and safety

4.3.1 Air Pollution Control Operations of mining activities such as transportation, ore handling, crushing and mucking

generate dust which usually gets air borne.

Dust is controlled by adopting following practices:



Effective water spraying arrangements in underground working places as well as at ore loading / unloading point at surface.

Effective water spraying at all transfer points. Water spraying arrangement along ore transport route within the mine premises.

Plantation within the mine premises and also along the ore transport route

Proper periodic maintenance of vehicles

Trucks carrying ore is covered with sheet

Underground workings of the mine are ventilated by adequate ventilation arrangements. The requirements and standards specified by Director General of Mines Safety (DGMS) are

adhered to. To control radon, radon daughters, dust and diesel engine fumes in underground workings the following provision have been made:

Water spraying in freshly broken rock

Maintenance of adequate ventilation throughout all working points

Wet drilling is practiced

Monitoring of radiation and dust periodically by BARC

About 12 Lt/d of diesel is consumed for diesel operated vehicle at underground and surface, which corresponds to a very less contribution of SO2 considering 0.25% mandatory limit of

sulphur. There is no significant source of NOx generation at mine. The SO2 and NOx level

remains below the prescribed limit.

4.3.2 Noise Pollution Control

The following noise control measures have been taken-up. a) Underground

Duct fan operation, drilling & mucking operations are the sources of noise generation in underground working. Noise generated by blasting is momentary and isolated in nature. Blasting is done at underground in between shifts; hence exposure to high noise level is

restricted. All operators, helpers and persons nearby the machine operations producing noise

more than 85 dB (A), are being provided with earmuff. Regular maintenance of equipment is done to reduce the noise levels. Leakage of compressed air which produces noise is

restricted.

b) At Surface The mine ventilation fans and compressor are the main sources of noise of mining activities.

Other sources of noise on surface are not substantial.



The following measure has been taken up

The ventilation fans are located at remote places from mine entry hence effect of noise is not anticipated.

During normal maintenance, bearing lubrication and fastener tightness are cheeked regularly to limit undue noise and vibration.

Compressors are installed in isolated building and sound protective cubicles are provided for operators. However, to reduce the noise further, acoustic shall be provided.

Regular noise level monitoring is practiced for taking corrective action, wherever required.

Drill machine operators and pneumatic loader drivers are issued ear plugs and ear muffs. Duty hours of operators of noisy machinery are regulated to keep their

noise exposure levels within limits.

Plantation has been developed all around the boundary to reduce noise exposure level

Board has been displayed at defined locations of noisy area to use PPE

4.3.3 Water Management, Conservation and Pollution Control The main source of wastewater generation from the mine is underground discharge. Total wastewater generation from mine is 100 m3/day, which is pumped to Jaduguda through

closed conduits for treatment and reused in industrial operations. No wastewater is

discharged to environment from mine. Total water required for mine is 110 m3/day, which is utilized in drinking & pit-head bath (25m3/day), dust suppression (40 m3/day), stowing

makeup (15m3/day), plantation (5m3/day) and domestic consumption at Bhatin colony

(10m3/day). 15 m3/day is supplied to the public outside the mine boundary. Sewage from mine and colony is treated in septic tank followed by soak pit.

Rainwater harvesting scheme has been implemented in Bhatin mine for augmentation of ground water resource. Details are as under:

Bhatin mine is located on the slope of the foot hill covering a small area of about 4.72 ha. Out of total, 1.72 ha has been utilized for the surface installation. A small area of about 0.88 ha

been considered for the rain water harvesting. Rainwater from the catchments area is

collected and channeled to the storm water garland drain. The width and depth of the water

channel are 2.8m and 1.5m respectively. Two ground water recharge wells have been constructed in channel at a distance of 18.5m apart. The ground water recharge well consist



of two bore wells of 76 mm diameter and 50m depth each. Filter bed chambers of size 2.8m Χ

1.4m Χ 1.5m (height) and 10.25m Χ 2.8m (width) Χ 1.5m size have been constructed. The

depth of filter is 1.0 m with 0.3 m sand top layer and 0.7 m filled with pebbles. The rain water is charged in these recharge wells. The water channel and the bore well chambers are

cleaned off dry leaves, grass and loose soil at regular intervals. The plan and section of the

rain water harvesting are shown in Figure 4.2 & 4.3.

Figure 4.2: Details of ground water recharge filter



Figure 4.3: Rainwater harvesting of Bhatin Mine (section)



4.3.4 Solid Waste Management Bhatin is an old underground mines, the solid waste generation is insignificant. Total waste

generated during mining is used to fill the void in underground workings. Practically no solid

waste is generated from the mining operation.

4.3.5 Flora & Fauna and Landuse Planning Present land use details in the core zone are given in Table 3.24 of chapter3. Forest area covers about 54.53 ha. All the forest land has been protected and undisturbed. A plantation

area has been developed around the project at about 1.0 ha of acquired area. About 1.2 ha of

forest area has been re-vegetated. Total 1500 no. of plantation is done. The common species planted are saal, aksiya, khaira, mango, kadam etc. Plantation around industrial operations

and colony are shown in Slide 4.1. Tentative requirement of plants for post mining afforestation is depicted in Table 4.9

Table 4.9: Requirement of Plant for Afforestation

Unworked Area

Greenbelt

Outside Dumps

Inside Dumps*

Top Soil Dumps

Total

Year

Area (ha)

Trees Area (ha)

Trees Area (ha)

Trees Area (ha)

Trees Area (ha)

Trees

Post Mining 0.75 900 0 0 4.15 2075 0 0 5.87 2975

Total 0.75 900 0 0 4.15 2075 0 0 5.87 2975

* Reclamation of waste land area has been considered as inside dump

Soil erosion control measures adopted at Bhatin are as follows:

Drains are provided to control water flow All roads are metalled

Planting and maintenance of trees

Landscaping

UCIL maintains a well-established horticulture and nursery at near by establishment Jaduguda

to carry on the afforestation and maintenance of plantation program at mine and the

residential colony.



4.3.6 Radiological Monitoring & Control

A state of the art Health Physics Unit/Environmental Survey Laboratory of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Department of Atomic Energy is working at Jaduguda since four decades to

carry out regular, routine and comprehensive monitoring of all the relevant parameters of radiological and industrial hygiene significance, and for the surrounding natural environment.

The generated monitoring/analysis data serve as the tools for assessment and control of in-plant operations impact; enable to demonstrate the regulatory compliance; and to ensure

applications of the fundamental principles of environmental radiation protection.

The basics of control measures practiced at the Bhatin uranium mine is in accordance with international and national regulatory recommendations such as the International Commission

for Radiological Protection (ICRP Publications–60, 68 & 72), the International Atomic Energy

Agency Basic Safety Standards (IAEA-SS-115, 1996), and the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB Safety Manual No: AERB/NF/SM/O-2; Rev. 4).

The ICRP basic framework of radiological protection intends to prevent occurrence of deterministic effects, by keeping doses below the relevant thresholds, and to ensure that all

reasonable steps are taken to reduce the induction of stochastic effects (ALARA). Accordingly, dose limits for the occupational workers, and for the members of the public are prescribed by

ICRP, comprising of eminent international scientists selected on the basis of their expertise in

the relevant field rather than national representation, based on the latest available information on the health effects of radiation, and subsequently, recommended by the

regulatory agencies viz. IAEA and AERB. Furthermore, for assessment and control under

actual working conditions, secondary limits are derived for plant specific relevant radiological parameter on the basis of primary limits prescribed by ICRP, and adopted accordingly.

The management plan for each of the significant radiological impact potential along with their

derived limits prescribed by the ICRP/ AERB is outlined below:

A) External exposure to underground mine workers during operating life

The rock matrices including ore & waste contain radionuclides of natural uranium series,

principally, 238U-series. By virtue of their inherent characteristics these radionuclides emit α, β and/or γ-radiations. The α particles are of very short-range with very low penetrating power,

and hence their contribution to external radiation exposure is insignificant. The radiological

potential of β radiation in the actual mine workings is almost insignificant, consequently, only γ radiation is of radiological significance, resulting in external exposure in the mine

environment. The potential of external exposure in mines is primarily dependent on the

radionuclide contents i.e., ore grade. When uranium is in equilibrium with its progeny, the gamma exposure rate D near an ore body may be approximated as



D (Gy h-1) = 50 x C

Where, C is the ore grade in % U3O8.

Consequently, for the average ore grade of Bhatin mine, the overall external gamma dose

rates would be ~2.0 Gy h-1.

Monitoring:

Measurement of external gamma dose rates at the various locations during different operations inside the mine, are carried out using radiation survey meter. Thus generated

work-area specific data points on the external gamma levels are used for dose evaluation of individual mineworkers incorporating works category specific location-wise occupancy period and their annual attendance.

Control Measures:

The ore grade of the Bhatin mine being very low, the likelihood of occurrence of overexposure to external radiation is hardly expected for the mine workers. The provisions of mechanization

in the mine for most of the mining operations would ensure justified safe distance from the

source, and thereby reducing the external exposure potential. However, keeping in view the ‘As Low As Reasonably Achievable’ (ALARA) principle, the control measures like limiting

exposure period, job rotation etc., as applicable in the case of mining, is being exercised to minimize the external exposures, if needed.

Derived Limit: 8 Gy h-1

B) Internal exposure to 222Rn and its progeny to underground mine workers during operating life

Inhalation of 222Rn (radon), the immediate decay product of 226Ra and the only

gaseous decay product of the 238U-decay series, along with its short-lived decay products e.g., 218Po, 214Pb, 214Bi, and 214Po constitute the main source of internal

exposure in mines. The concentrations of 222Rn and its progeny in underground

uranium mine depends on several factors like ore grade, geophysical/geochemical characteristics of the rock matrices, mine-water kinetics, method of mining, type of operations, time & site specific conditions, ventilation status, backfill tailing etc.

Monitoring

Regular and routine monitoring of 222Rn and its short-lived progeny constitute the prime aspect of radiation protection appertain to underground uranium mines, as



these are the pertinent contributors to internal exposures in mines. There are several

techniques of estimation of 222Rn in mine air, scintillation cell method being one of

the most appropriate and simplest among them, presently practiced in operating Indian uranium mines. In this method, evacuated scintillation cells of theoretically

and practically standardized dimension (150 ml) are used for collection of mine air

samples through an assembly of swedgelok connector and filter paper (to avoid entry of airborne particulates including 222Rn progeny into the cell). After a delay of about 3 hours, time required for attaining equilibrium between 222Rn and its short-lived

progeny, samples are counted for alpha activity to compute 222Rn concentration at

particular locations in mine air. These 222Rn monitoring data, together with the job category and location-wise occupancy periods and annual attendance of individuals,

form the basis of estimation of internal dose to the individual mine workers in the

ambient dosimetry.

Apart from ambient, personal dosimetry using Personal Radon Dosimeter, is also

practiced in operating mines of UCIL. In this technique, solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) used in the dosimeters are processed and recorded to estimate

the time-integrated internal dose, ascribed to 222Rn & its short-lived progeny to

individual mineworkers.

Control Measures: A well planed and designed mine ventilation network is the most effective control

measures for protection against 222Rn and its short-lived progeny in the mine air

because it not only dilute, disperse and remove the mine air contaminants but also disrupts the state of equilibrium i.e. helps preventing buildup of short-lived 222Rn-

progeny, and thereby reducing the internal exposure potential.

Derived Limit: 1000 Bq m-3, Equilibrium Equivalent Radon (EER)

C) Internal exposure to long-lived radionuclides of ore dust to underground mine workers during operating life

During mining ore dust containing uranium and other long-lived radionuclides of 238U-

decay series (principally alpha emitters), e.g. 238U, 234U, 230Th, 226Ra and 210Po may

get airborne. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA safety series-95) observed that for low-grade ore (<1% U3O8), long-lived alpha activity of ore dust is

not a significant source of internal exposure. In view the above, and the practical

experiences with operating mines of UCIL, it can reasonably be inferred that for Bhatin mine with very low ore grade, internal radiation exposure attributed to



airborne dust would be insignificant. However, monitoring of the activities of ore dust

constitutes the prerequisite regulatory requirement.

Monitoring:

For estimation of long-lived alpha activities of respirable ore dust, samples are

collected on filter-paper using Personal Air Sampler and Cyclone assembly (collecting only respirable fraction of airborne dust). The dust loaded filter-paper left stand for

about 2-3 days for short-lived radionuclides to decay out, and counted for alpha

activity to compute the long-lived alpha activity concentration of dust in the mine. The personal air samples are being used by workers to evaluate internal exposures.

Control Measures:

The moistening of rock to saturation prevents generation of the dust, whereas adequate ventilation, enable its dilution, dispersal and removal. These are among the

two most pertinent processes to control dust exposure, and these are effectively

practiced in the mine, wherever necessitated. In addition to the several engineering control measures, the use of appropriate respirators by workers working in the

potentially dust prone areas is mandatory.

Derived limit: 600 mBq/m3 on radiological consideration alone, however, it is 150 mBq m-3 based on the toxicity of the free silica content.

D) Ingestion of radionuclides by underground workers during operating life

During mining of uranium ore, there is possibility of internal contamination through

inhalation/ingestion of airborne particulate containing radio-nuclides. The internal exposures

ascribed to long-lived radio-nuclides of airborne respirable ore dust during mining of low grade ore of Bhatin mine would be less significant as discussed earlier.

Monitoring:

The internal contamination of the occupational workers due to airborne ore dust in mine is quantified by estimating Radium Body Burden Measurement Technique. The technique

employs Low Level Radon Detection System (LLRDS) to measure 222Rn concentration in

exhaled breath of the individuals to compute internal contamination due to 226Ra, most

significant from radiological viewpoint. Control Measures:

The effective engineering control measures for dust suppression e.g., adequate ventilation,

moistening of rocks, use of appropriate respirators in dust prone areas, and other personal



protective equipments etc., is being practiced to minimize the internal contamination

potential.

Annual limit of intake: 9.2 kBq for 226Ra

E) Radionuclide releases to the ambient air from the mine for local population during the operating life

The exhausted air from the mine contains 222Rn & it short-lived progeny as well as airborne

material particulates containing mainly radionuclides of 238U-decay series. Because of relatively larger particle size and settling velocity, low specific activity i.e., radionuclide contents etc., the airborne dust is unlikely to be radiological significance for the public at

large. On the other hand the noble gas 222Rn has the half-life of about 3.824 day may exhibit

large range transport in the atmosphere. The ambient air 222Rn concentration depends on

several factors like meteorological parameters, diurnal and seasonal variations etc. The 222Rn released from the mine to the air is subject to enormous atmospheric dilution. The practical

experience from operating mines of UCIL reveal that the concentration of 222Rn in the ambient

air within a few tens of meters from the mine exhaust, assume near background level. Consequently, its radiological impact potential in the public domain would be insignificant. The

average radon concentration in Bhatin mines exhaust varies from 1.87 to 2.44 kBq/m3 from

year 2005 to 2010 as given in Table 4.10.

Table 4.10: Radon Concentration in Mine Exhaust

Abs. 222Rn conc. (kBq/m3) Details / Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Min 1.03 1.75 1.74 1.59 1.38 1.30

Max 3.21 3.04 2.72 3.63 2.41 3.15

Average 2.08 2.24 2.20 2.44 1.87 2.00

The atmospheric Radon concentration in various locations distance wise from Bhatin mine is

reduced to the order of natural background of this region. Change of atmospheric radon

concentration depends upon number of factors such as wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, soil characteristics and widespread uranium mineralization and other

difference parameters. The natural atmosphere is very large enough to dilute the atmospheric

radon concentration to background level. The figure below shows the huge dilution of

atmospheric radon concentration from Bhatin mine exhaust to background level as shown in Figure 4.4.



1

10

100

1000

10000

BhatinExhaust

~ 0.5km 0.5 to1.6km

1.6 to5.0km

>5.0km

Location/Distance

Rado

n Co

nc. B

qm-3

Year 2005 Year 2006 Year 2007 Year 2008 Year 2009

Figure 4.4: Variation in Radon conc. from Bhatin mine (distance wise)

Monitoring:

The 222Rn content of exhaust mine air at the exhaust point is being monitored using

scintillation cell technique, basic principle of working explained earlier. Moreover, regular monitoring of ambient air 222Rn concentration in the adjoining areas is being carried out using

grab sampling methods like low level radon detection system (LLRDS) and time integrated

method like passive radon dosimeters. Control Measures: Maintaining wet conditions during different mining operations may help reducing airborne

dust content of the mine exhaust air. Although, no special control measures are

required/anticipated for release of 222Rn through mine exhaust air, observations from

operating mines of UCIL reveal that because of enormous atmospheric dilution, radiological impact of 222Rn in the public domain would be insignificant.

Limit: All releases from the mine are being kept within the specified limit, authorised by regulatory body (AERB). It will be ensured that releases from the mine do not

change the pre-existing radiological status of the area in public domain.



4.3.7 Occupational Health and Safety A) Occupational Health

The factors of occupational health in UCIL’s project are mainly radiation, dust, water contamination etc. Safety of employees during operation is taken care as per Mines Rules and

Regulations and AERB guidelines. All operations of the organization are closely monitored by

Environmental Surveillance Laboratory of Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC). The operations are in accordance with the statutory guidelines. Atomic Energy Regulatory Board

(AERB), the regulatory body, carries out regular monitoring through a well established

system. No occupational health due to uranium mining has been observed since three decades of UCIL’s operations.

The various studies carried out by experts have proved beyond doubt that the diseases

prevalent in the villages around UCIL workings are not due to radiation but attributed to malnutrition, malaria and unhygienic living conditions etc.

Various health surveys around Jaduguda & Bhatin mines have been conducted by a team consisting of doctors and specialists. It was concluded that the disease pattern cannot be

ascribed to radiation in any of the cases. Brief note are as under:

In year 1998, on the suggestion of the Environment Committee of the Legislative Council of Bihar, a health survey of all the residents within 2 km of UCIL was jointly

undertaken by a medical team comprising doctors from Bihar Government, Tata Main Hospital of Jamshedpur, UCIL hospital, and radiological experts from BARC. The report

clearly stated that "The consensus of all the doctors was that the cases examined had

congenital limb anomalies, diseases due to genetic abnormalities like thalassaemia major and retinitis, pigmentosa, moderate to gross splenomegaly due to chronic malarial infection (as this is a hyper endemic area) malnutrition, post encephalitic and

post-head injury sequele". The medical survey by specialists did not identify any patient suffering from radiation related diseases.

In year 2002, an assessment was made by Dr. K. C. Pillai, an environmental consultant, on the people living around tailings pond area of Jaduguda. He reported that the annual exposure to this population is estimated to be 1.72-3.14 mSv with a

mean of 2.49 mSv per year. About 65% of world population receives an annual dose

of 1-3 mSv.

In year 2002, a similar survey was conducted by Dr. G. K. Iyer Consultant, Industrial Health, covering 949 villagers around Jaduguda. He concluded that the health status



of these villagers is almost normal. The problems they have can be seen in any village

in India with similar socio-economic parameters / conditions.

In year 2001-02, a study was made by Dr. V.K. Singh, Reader, Jamshedpur co-operative college. He observed that general health status of the inhabitants is nothing

significantly abnormal. No obvious effect of radiation was found in the clinical examination.

A health survey of the villagers residing near Bhatin and Jaduguda Mines was carried out between January and September 2009. UCIL hospital has examined about 299

villagers from Bhatin, Chatikocha and Tilaitand. In the present survey, UCIL hospital

has given attention to health problems due to radiation, like congenital malformation, mental retardation, cancer and infertility. No case of congenital malformation and mental retardation was detected. No cancer and infertility cases were found. It was

concluded that villagers suffer from conventional health problems, which could be

seen in any village with similar socio-economic condition. Details of survey are depicted in Table No. 4.11, 4.12 & 4.13

Table 4.11: Number of Persons Examined in Each Village Sexwise Distribution

Sl. No.

Name of the village

Number Examined

No. of Male

No. of Female

No. of children below 12 years

1. Bhatin 236 75 70 91

2. Chatikocha 27 5 10 12

3. Tilaitand 36 13 09 14

Total 299 93 89 117

Table 4.12: Population Distribution

No. of Males 93 31.10%

No. of Females 89 29.77% No. of Children < 12 years 117 39.13%

Table 4.13: Disease wise Break-up

Malaria 02 0.67%

Skin Disease 11 3.68%

Respiratory 16 5.35% Musculo – Skeletal 21 7.02%



G.I. Tract 13 4.35%

Anaemia 07 2.34%

CVS 00 0.00% Leprosy 00 0.00%

Congenital Malformation 00 0.00%

Tumours 00 0.00% Others 35 11.71% Normal 194 64.88%

In year 2010, a study conducted by the Committee on Welfare of Schedule Tribes / Scheduled Castes and other Backward Classes, Meghalya Legislative on the

health aspects concluded that diseases in the village shown clearly indicate that it

is in no way related to radiation and may be attributed to other factors also and not due to radiation.

B) Safety The following measures relating to occupational health and safety are being practiced:

Safety officer look after the safety aspect.

Dedicated Safety & Environmental Committees in mine review the safety and environmental aspect of industrial operations on monthly basis.

Safety Committee comprises of Engineers, Geologist, Surveyor, Environmental Engineer, Medical Officer, Training Officer, Occupational Health In-charge, Workmen, Union representative etc.

Minutes of Meeting of safety committee communicated to Directors/Officials and concerned regulatory authorities.

Recommendations of safety committee are implemented.




First-aid organization in mines including training and retraining of First-aider's.

Use of personal dosimeters, personal dust samplers.



C) Prevention of Injury

Training on safety measure.

Use of PPE e.g. uniforms, helmet, earplugs, ear seals, earmuffs, safety goggles, respirators, hand gloves, leg patties, rubber canvas shoes, gum boots etc.

Regular monitoring of work environment. Radiological aspects are regularly monitored by HPU of BARC.

D) Training on Occupational Health & Safety Vocational trainings Officer impart training to employees which includes job safety, first-aid,

fire as well as occupational health & safety. Group Vocational Training Centre at Jaduguda acts as the centre for HRD and is integrated with all activities related to the units. Various

training modules include the following;

Initial training before employment for theoretical and practical aspect as per the specified

modules. Course of training includes

Details of organization, discipline, duties and responsibilities

Safety policy, ISO, individual as well as collective safety, various job safety golden rules, PPE & their use

Occupational health hazards & preventive measures, golden rules while working in radioactive mines, does and don’ts

Emergency plan & preparedness, fire hazards & fire fighting with fire tender, trailer & hydrants

First-aid training regularly on weekly basis.

Class on radiation safety at HPU-BARC on weekly basis.

The trainees do mock rehearsal on fire fighting with the help of fire tender & trailer

Every person in employment whether on surface or belowground undergoes a refresher training of minimum period of two weeks as per specified modules once in every five years.

Special Training

Specific group of employees are imparted special training

Special training after induction of new technology or machinery



Development Training

Blasters & Supervisory staffs are imparted development training regularly minimum of one week for the development of their competency. Preparatory classes for

different competency examinations conducted under DGMS as well as other certifying authorities

Whenever a employee suffer with a serious accident, reorientation training is imparted on cause & preventive measures of injury after he recovers

All injured persons whether non reportable, reportable or seriously injured attend the monthly safety committee meeting where the cases are discussed by the

committee members and remedial measures are decided and minutes are circulated among concerned officials & employees

E) Workplace Exposure Assessment

Health Physics Unit of BARC monitors the following environmental attribute on regular basis

as an external agency:

External gamma radiation

Radon and its progeny

Long-lived alpha activity Silica bearing dust

Noise levels

Toxic gases

Illumination levels

Air quality

Radiation dosimeter is used to assess the time integrated personal dose and to compare with the prescribed limits

F) Health Surveillance

Following facilities are available for health surveillance as under:






Periodical Medical Examination (PME) of all workers by a medical specialist so that any adverse effect may be detected in its early stage. Audiometry test and lung

function test, Blood test, ECG, etc are done.

Village Medical health check-up camps are carried out by Jaduguda hospital. Doctors along with supporting staff are sent to surrounding villages every week. Patients have consultation with the doctors and medicines are distributed to the

needy person on free of charge.


4.4 MINE CLOSURE & DECOMMISSION PLAN

The infrastructure used exclusively for mining shall be utilized for community development in the direction of self-employment, especially for the persons who will attain the

superannuation at the time of mine closure. The persons shall be trained for secondary or

indirect employment. The total capital cost of Bhatin mine closure will be Rs. 23.36 lacks based on 4th quarter 2010 based on

4.4.1 Surface Equipments

Surface equipment e.g. compressor, winder, main mine fans etc shall be removed and may be used for other project. Workshops equipments shall be used for training to the mine work

force and the community for alternative job.

4.4.2 Surface Installation

Surface installation like offices, compressor room, and substation shall be used to accommodate the facility for training and other social development like rural health centre

etc.

4.4.3 Mine Entry All mine entry shall be sealed by concrete to prevent any accident as per directives of DGMS

and AERB.

4.4.4 Subsidence Bhatin is an operational underground mine to extract uranium ore from greater depths and

overlying rock is competent enough to stand the induced stress so no surface subsidence is



anticipated. All possible underground voids shall be filled up by waste rock, sand & tailings

from ore processing plant before closing the mine so that any possibility of subsidence is

eliminated. Progressive mine reclamation plan form present year to next 5th year, 10th year, 20th year and end of mine life are shown in drawing UCIL/BTN/EIA/MoEF/4.1 to 4.9.

4.5 CONCLUSION

From the detailed analysis of the environmental impacts and environmental management plan

already being implemented, it may be concluded that no significant deterioration of

environment have been observed. Lease renewal of Bhatin mine will not have any significant

impact by continuing environmental management plant. On the other hand, continuation of the project is likely to have several benefits like improvement in employment generation and

economic growth of the area, by way of improved infrastructure facilities and better socio-

economic conditions.



Green belt inside the mine

Green belt along the road, inside the mine

Green belt along the compound wall of mine

Slide 4.1: Plantation/Green Belt in and around Bhatin Mine

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DATE -01/12/2010

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ADIT 3

ADIT 1


AT THE END OF MINE LIFE

Narwapahar

JADUGUDA

N

-100 0 +100 +400 +500 +700 +800-200-300 +600-400 +200 +300

+300

+200

+100

± 0

-100

-200

+400

8TH LEVEL.

ALL MINE ENTERIES SHALL BE SEALED AS PER MMR 1961

KEY PLAN

JADUGUDA MINE LEASE


ADIT

Lease Boundary



ADIT-4

ADIT-1

7TH LEVEL.

6TH LEVEL.

5TH LEVEL.

3RD LEVEL.

2ND LEVEL.

(SEALED AS PER MMR 1961)

ADIT 2

ADIT-2

ADIT-3

1ST LEVEL.


Bhatin Mine



Chapter 5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 TECHNOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVES

Bhatin Mine is being operational since three decades. At Bhatin mine, horizontal Cut & Fill

method has been adopted which have good track records of safe working.

As mining is being practiced since three decades with excellent records, analysis of alternative of technologies has not been considered in this case.

5.2 SITE OPTIONS

Mining is site specific in nature and activities of uranium mining at Bhatin have been practiced

for last three decades. Mine office building with other and housing colony is within mine lease boundary. The other facility such as hospital, Health Physics Unit of BARC, etc is at Jaduguda

adjacent to Bhatin mine within UCIL premises. The locations of all facilities are well justified.

In the present context, alternative of site is not applicable as no additional infrastructure

facility, land and other facility are envisaged.



Chapter 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.1 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

Environmental Monitoring Program has been implemented for the Bhatin operations since its

inception. Environmental monitoring program include (i) environmental surveillance (ii) analysis & interpretation of data and (iii) preparation of reports to support environmental

management system. A comprehensive environmental surveillance is carried out by the state-

of-art Health Physics Unit (HPU) of Environmental Assessment Division, of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). Health Physics Unit of Jaduguda is established in year 1965 for

environmental monitoring for Bhatin operations. HPU is an independent section which keeps

vigilance on industrial operations. Monitoring report is directly sent to the regulatory authority as part of routine activities. The monitoring data generated on routine basis serve as tools for (i) environmental status of the area (ii) performance of the environmental protection

measures (iii) to ensure environmental radiation protection and (iv) overall effectiveness of

EMP. The monitoring program also includes the action plan in case of emergency so that appropriate measure may be taken.

Different activities involved in the underground uranium mining & ore processing and their impact on various environmental attributes have been taken into account while designing a

comprehensive environmental monitoring program.

An “Environmental Management Cell (EMC)” has been established for implementation of EMP

in association with HPU.

6.2 METHODOLOGY OF MONITORING MECHANISM

Environmental monitoring at various locations around 20 km from the operation are carried

out on periodic basis. A comprehensive network for monitoring has been prepared. Radiological air and water monitoring locations are shown in Figure 6.1 & 6.2. Sampling

location has been identified by considering the source of pollution due to industrial

operations, drainage pattern and topography of the area.



Figure 6.1 Radiological Monitoring Locations Note: Radiological Monitoring Locations

ID Monitoring Stations A1 HP Unit campus

A2 Jaduguda More A3 Bhatin A4 Dungiridih

A5 Chatikocha

A6 Jaduguda Colony A7 Rankani Mandir

A8 Tailings Pond Area

A9 Rakha Colony A10 Chapri

A11 Kendadih

A12 Surda A13 Musabani

A14 Jharia

A15 Sundernagar



Figure 6.2: Water and Air Quality Monitoring Locations around Bhatin

Monitoring Location ID

Water Air

1 Juria Tilaitand Bhatin Mine Office Area

2 Gara upstream, UCIL Barrage Bhatin Colony Area

3 Gara downstream, RCP

4 Subarnrekha upstream

5 Subarnrekha downstream

6.3 MONITORING PLAN

6.3.1 Air Quality Monitoring

Air quality monitoring is essential for evaluations of the effectiveness of abatement program

and to develop appropriate control measures. Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10) will be

monitored in continuation with Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) monitoring in workplace and core zone.

Methodology: Respirable dust sampler with gaseous sampling attachment is used for

sampling of air for PM10, SO2 and NOx for a period of 24 hours duration. Sampling and

analysis is carried out as per IS-5182:1999, Indian Standards for measurement of air Pollution. PM10 will be analyzed gravimetrically; SO2 is monitored by improved west and Gaeke

method whereas NOx is analyzed as per Jacob & Hochheiser Modified (Na-Aresnite) Method.

Legend!( Mines

Railway Line

Water Bodies

Tailing Pond

Mine Lease Boundary") Air Sampling Locations!( Water Sampling Locations

±Legend

!( Mines

Railway Line

Water Bodies

Tailing Pond

Mine Lease Boundary") Air Sampling Locations!( Water Sampling Locations

±



Standards: The air quality standards prescribed in schedule VII of The Environmental

(Protection) Rules, 1996 for National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for industrial area

is furnished hereunder in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1: National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Notified by the Central Pollution Control Board on 16th November, 2009)

* Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval. ** 24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.

The monitoring of respirable dust and toxic gases in the mine atmosphere of underground workings is conducted as per MMR 1961. Gases like CO2, SO2 & NOx are monitored on periodic

basis.

6.3.2 Water Quality Monitoring

Water quality monitoring involves periodical assessment of quality of mine discharge, ground

water and surface water.

Parameters: pH, Total Suspended solids, Total dissolved Solids, Chemical Oxygen demand

(COD), Oil & Grease etc. critical parameters are identified for monitoring of mine water. Radiological parameters e.g. U (nat) and 226Ra are being monitored by HPU in effluents,

ground water and surface water of nearby water bodies periodically to study the impact of

mining and ore processing operations.

Methodology: The sample collection, procedures for sample preservation and methods of analysis are followed as per Standard Methods of Water and Wastewater analysis, American

Water Woks Association (AWWA), American Public Health Association (APHA).

Pollutants Time-weighted average

Industrial/ Residential/

Rural/ Other areas

Eco logically sensitive areas

Annual Average* 50 20 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) µg/m3

24 hours** 80 80 Annual Average* 40 30 Oxides of Nitrogen as (NOx)

µg/m3 24 hours** 80 80 Annual Average* 60 60 Respirable Particulate Matter

(RPM) (size less than 10 microns) µg/m3 24 hours** 100 100

Annual Average* 40 40 Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) (size less than 2.5 microns) or PM2.5 µg/m3 24 hours** 60 60



Standards: The standards prescribed for discharge of environmental pollutants for inland

surface water are being followed. In addition to the above, IS-10500: 1991 for drinking is

considered. Standard for radiological parameters e.g. U(nat) and 226Ra for prescribed limits for derived water concentration (DWC) and for discharge are being followed as per guideline of

AERB, as given in Table 6.2.

Table 6.2: Standards for radiological parameters

Sr. No. Parameters DWC Discharge 1. U(nat), µg/l 60 180 2. 226Ra, mBq/l 300 900

6.3.3 Noise Level Monitoring

Noise level monitoring is done for achieving the following objectives:

To compare sound levels with the values specified in noise regulations To determine the need and extent of noise control of various noise generating

sources

Noise level monitoring is done at the work zone in underground workings to assess the occupational noise exposure levels and also at the noise generating sources like ore handling

arrangements, maintenance workshop, mine ventilation fan, nearby villages to assess the

noise levels and their propagation for taking necessary control measures at the source.

Parameters: The noise level recordings are measured in dB (A) Leq values, where dB(A)

denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A , which is related to human hearing.

Methodology and Instrumentation: Precision integrated noise level meters are used for monitoring of Leq noise levels in dB (A).

Standards: As per schedule III of the Environmental (Protection) Rules, 1986 ambient air

quality standards in respect to noise is as given in Table 6.3

Table 6.3: Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise

Limits in dB(A) Leq * Area Code Category of Area/Zone

Day Time Night Time

(A) Industrial area 75 70

(B) Commercial area 65 55

(C) Residential area 55 45



Limits in dB(A) Leq * Area Code Category of Area/Zone

Day Time Night Time

(D) Silence Zone 50 40 Note:

Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m. Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m. Silence zone is an area comprising not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational

institutions, courts, religious places or any other area which is declared as such by the competent authority.

Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent authority.

*dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is related to human hearing.

DGMS stipulated, vide circular no 18 of 1975, the following standards for attainment in work

environment

A warning limit of 85 dB(A) is set below which there will be little risk to an unprotected ear for an eight hour exposure.

The danger limit value of 90 dB (A), above which hearing impairment and deafness may result from an unprotected ear.

A worker should not be allowed to enter, without appropriate ear protection, an area in which the noise level is 115 dB (A) or more.

Personal protective equipment shall be worn, if here are single isolated outbursts of noise which can go above 130 dB(A) “impulse” or 120 dB(A) “Fast”

No worker shall be allowed to enter an area where the noise level exceeds 140 dB(A)

6.3.4 Subsidence Monitoring

In the Bhatin underground uranium mining project the ore is being extracted from greater

depths, and overlying rock is competent enough to stand the induced stress, therefore, no

surface subsidence is anticipated.

However, UCIL has been engaged in the following studies to know about the ground behavior and consequent subsidence in Bhatin mines. :

In situ stress measurements Design and stability of crown pillars.

DGMS has stipulated vide circular 14 of 1975 that wherever depillaring operations are conducted, regular subsidence and other connected observations should be made.



6.3.5 Monitoring of Emergency Procedures The Mine manager monitors the emergencies that may occur in underground mining

operations and prepares an emergency plan to deal with mine fires, inundation etc. The

DGMS approved emergency plan provide for mock rehearsals at regular intervals. Manager submits the copy of the emergency plan to regional inspector of mines safety for approval.

6.3.6 Monitoring of Mine Closure Plan

Monitoring of mine closure plan shall be taken up before 5 years of mine closure. Monitoring activities as per approved mine plan shall be followed.

6.4 REPORTING SCHEDULES OF MONITORED DATA

The monitored data on air quality, water quality, noise levels, and subsidence studies is

periodically examined for taking necessary corrective measures. The monitored data is being submitted to Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board. Radiological monitoring done by BARC

is being furnished to AERB. The post-project data will be submitted to MoEF in half-yearly

monitoring reports.

6.5 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION & MONITORING

Sufficient fund allocation has been made towards environmental management and monitoring program. In order to implement the environmental protection measures, an amount of

Rs. 71.40 lakhs per year is incurred for Bhatin mine. The details are furnished in Table 6.4

Table 6.4: Annual recurring cost for environmental protection measures

Sr. No.

Item Total Recurring Cost (in lakhs)

1. Air pollution abatement facilities* 14.00

2. Water pollution abatement facilities 15.00

3. Environmental monitoring 10.00

4. Maintenance of green belt and landscape 02.40

5. Corporate social responsibility 30.00

Total 71.40

6. Mine closure** 23.36

Grand Total 94.76 Note: * ventilation system etc. **Capital cost of mine closure is based on 4th quarter 2010.



Chapter 7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Mining and allied activities are associated with potential hazards to employees as well as the

public. A worker in a mine should be able to work under conditions, which are adequately safe and healthy. At the same time the environmental conditions should be such as not to

impair his working efficiency. This is possible only when there is adequate safety at

workplace. Hence safety is one of the most essential aspects of the industrial activities. The emergency plan for Bhatin mine has been prepared which outlines the duties &

responsibilities of officials in case of emergency occurrence.

7.2 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS

There are various factors, which can create disaster in underground metalliferrous mining

industry. These hazards are as follows:

Subsidence Inundation

Surface Fire (Electrical and Oil).

Roof fall

Radiological hazards Different disasters which may arise during operation of mine are as follows:

7.2.1 Subsidence

Subsidence is an important aspect of underground mining activity. As Cut & fill method of

mining is being practiced and rock mass is quite competent, no surface subsidence is

anticipated. Operating mines of UCIL has no record for subsidence. Risk associated with subsidence is insignificant.

7.2.2 Inundation

An inundation is an irruption of water from workings of the same mine or of an adjoining

mine or from surface water bodies. As such, there is no major surface water bodies/river;



ingress of water is not anticipated. No cracks reaches on the surface due to underground

working therefore leakages from surface has not been observed. Moreover all the openings

are kept above the highest flood level of the area to prevent inundation from flooding.

7.2.3 Fire

In uranium underground mines fire can occur due to electrical faults. Regular maintenance of all the electrical fitting and wiring is carried out to prevent out break of fire. All the electrical safety norms of DGMS are strictly followed. Spillage of waste oil and fuel oil may resultant

fire. Sufficient nos. of portable fire extinguishers has been provided at strategic locations near

the fuel store, waste oil storage area, fuel-filling area to take care of any eventuality.

There are risks of fire at the electrical substation and transformers. Dry chemical powder

(DCP) and foam type portable fire extinguishers are available at the electrical substation and control room. In case of any electrical fire, the personnel on duty shall shut down the

electrical power and inform the shift-in-charge. Personnel trained in dealing with electrical

fires will be summoned. The fire area will be cordoned off till the fire is fully extinguished and remain so until all wreckage and debris is cleared away. After effecting necessary repairs the

power will be restored. The clearance for restoration of power shall be given only by the shift-in-charge. As soon as any fire is reported, the shift-in-charge shall assume the function of

disaster controller. In case of serious fire and depending on the gravity of the situation, the Mine Manager may be summoned to assume charge. Personnel trained in dealing with fires

will be summoned. Meanwhile the hospital will be informed to handle casualties.

7.2.4 Roof fall

The roof fall can also damage the man and material. To prevent the damage from roof fall, a

systematic support rule is followed. After preparation systematic support system for stope, drive and drift, approval from DGMS is obtained before implementation.

7.2.5 Radiological Hazard

Bhatin uranium mine deals with radioactive materials of low specific activity. The ore-grade being low, the associated hazard potentials with respect to external and internal exposures at

various stages of mining are less compared to those with the high grade ores. However,

exposure to air borne silica dust is the major concern in the drilling and blasting system. Radiological risk at Bhatin mine has identified due to long-lived activity, radon and external



gamma radiation. As the ore is handled in wet condition, risk due to dust is insignificant.

Adequate ventilation reduces the risk of radon in underground workings.

During mining of uranium ore, there is possibility of internal contamination through

inhalation/ingestion of airborne particulate containing radionuclide. The internal exposures

ascribed to long-lived radionuclide of airborne respirable ore dust of low grade ore is insignificant. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA safety series-95) observed that for low-grade ore (<1% U3O8), long-lived -activity of ore dust is not a significant source of

internal exposure. In view of the above, and the practical experiences with operating mines of UCIL, it can reasonably be inferred that for project with very low ore grade, internal radiation

exposure attributed to airborne dust is insignificant. Consequently, mining operations is

unlikely to be radiological significance for risk to the public at large.

The comprehensive discussions, on baseline radiological data for the terrain, identification,

prediction, assessment and control of the radiological impacts encountered during different

stages of operations, are presented in sections of this report (Chapters-3, 4 & 6). All the control measures is being practiced in accordance with the recommendations of International

Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP Publications–60 & 68), International Atomic

Energy Agency Basic Safety Standards (IAEA-SS-115, 1996), and Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB Safety Manual No: AERB/NF/SM/O-2; Rev. 4), the national regulatory authority. The efforts will be maintained to keep the exposures as low as reasonably achievable i.e., the

ALARA principle of radiation protection.

In general following safety measures have been provided:

1. Sufficient lighting at workplace.

2. Handrail at ladder/steps.

3. Good housekeeping at work places.

4. Workmen have been provided uniform & shoes. Personals are insisted to wear PPE

(Gum-boots, Helmet, Respirator, ear plug/muff, hand gloves, safety belt etc.).

5. Workmen has been provided dedicated locker to keep their uniform and safety appliances. Workmen take bath before leaving the premises.

6. Bathing and cloth washing facility are available within the premises.

7. Periodic inspection, proper maintenance and timely replacement of worn out parts,

training of personnel.



8. Periodical medical check-up of all employees including audiometry & lung function test

is done, once in five year. Bioassay of critical group is periodically carried out by BARC.

7.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Experience of operating establishments of UCIL has revealed that most of the accident occurs

due to the human failure. However, the Disaster Management Plan has been prepared under Regulation No.190 (A) of Metalliferous Mines Regulation 1961. The plan contains instructions

to be followed in case of an emergency, major or serious accident, failure of system /

equipment, Fire or Power failure, stoppage of ventilation fans etc.

Conditions for applying Emergency Plan:

1. Premature collapse of any working in the mine

2. Outbreak of fire

3. Explosion or fire

4. Any other major mishap

Following procedure shall be followed under emergency condition:

1. Any person who notices any emergency as mentioned above shall take immediate action to deal with the same if it falls within his scope and if more than one person is

present thereat, one of them shall proceed for getting assistance and to give warning.

2. If the person notices that the emergency is of such type or magnitude that it cannot be tackled by him or if he fails to control the same as described above, he shall

proceed to give warning.

3. Any person detecting such emergency shall take steps to give warning by the fastest

means to the nearest available officer in- charge.

4. The official to whom warning of emergency is given shall send warning by fastest means to –

A. Other parts of the mine and plant likely to be affected by emergency so that persons may be withdrawn there from.

B. Manager and his deputies

C. Time Office / First Aid Room.



D. Telephones where available would be used to convey warning to different

parts of the project.

5. As per gravity of the situation and if required, the steps will be taken to withdraw the

persons from workings area.

6. Agent/Manager, after assessing the urgency, shall direct the time keeper about any of

the actions to be taken by him as under –

A. To summon all key emergency personnel.

B. To call only such personnel as may be required to deal with the situation

and shall either himself inform or take suitable action to inform the other

senior officers of the company and other appropriate authorities.

7. Duty cards detailing the duties and responsibilities are available amongst the key personnel to enable them to act promptly in the call of emergency.

8. List of emergency personnel includes the following

a) Agent /Manager/Assistant Manager b) Ventilation Officer

c) Mine Safety Officer

d) Officer In charge- Rescue e) Medical Officer

f) Engineer (Mechanical, Electrical and Civil) g) Underground Manager

h) Garage In charge i) Surveyor

j) Bellman

k) Cap lamp Room Attendant l) Time Keeper

m) Personal officer

n) Surface First Aid Station Attendant o) In charge, store

9. Manager shall authorize the key personnel in writing.

10. Important Telephone Numbers have been displayed at important places including Time Office, Rescue Room and Shaft Plats / Entries to the levels.

All emergency situations will be dealt in prompt manner as per the requirement. Trained personnel and rescue team are available to handle the various emergency situations. External

regulatory authorities will also be taken in confidence to tackle the emergency situation.



The emergency report chart is as under:

Any person detecting emergency

Concerned officer In-charge

Time keeper First aider

In-charge Personnel

Local Police

Medical OfficerForeman

Assistant Manager

Mines Manager

In-charge Electrical In-charge Mechanical In-charge Civil In-charge Survey

Chief of Mines

DGMS/AERB Company District Union

Any person detecting emergency

Concerned officer In-charge

Time keeper First aider

In-charge Personnel

Local Police

Medical OfficerForeman

Assistant Manager

Mines Manager

In-charge Electrical In-charge Mechanical In-charge Civil In-charge Survey

Chief of Mines

DGMS/AERB Company District Union



Chapter 8

PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Establishment of Bhatin mine has a significant positive impact on the socio-economic

environment of the area. It helps to sustain the development of the area including further improvement of physical infrastructure facilities. The following physical infrastructure facilities

have improved due to the project and significantly contributing for the economic development

of the area.

Road Transport facilities

Market Housing facilities

Water supply

Health

Jaduguda-Bhatin-Sundernagar road of 19 km length has been constructed and maintained by Uranium Corporation of India Ltd., Jaduguda. A distance of nearly 28 km has been reduced

while traveling from Bhatin to Jamshedpur after construction of this road. UCIL has

constructed a high-level bridge and presently, plenty of public transports (Bus) are plying in the area, which is available at an interval of 30 minutes through out the year. Improvement in

transportation system has facilitated the student for higher education in Jamshedpur city.

Peripheral development could be seen after improvement of transport facilities. This road has contributed a lot for economic development of the area as shown in slide 8.1.

Slide 8.1: Infrastructure development for connecting the villages



8.2 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Uranium mining and agriculture is the basic sector of employment for the local people in this

area. The Bhatin project has provided direct and indirect employment opportunity. The nearby town Jaduguda has developed as urban area with facilities of food market and

consumer goods, electronic items, banking, petrol pump, telecommunication etc.

Establishment of UCIL is instrumental for improvement in trade in the area. Bhatin & Jaduguda colony with approx 2000 family having good purchasing potential could be seen as

big market for consumer products. The recent development has shown the above facts. Such

development has generated the indirect employment for the area. Besides above local contractor are employed for civil construction, ore transportation, cleaning & sanitation and

other ancillary services. The improvement in economical status of the area will also improve the agriculture. This will enhance their income and lead to overall economic growth of the area.

The following changes in socio-economic status are expected to continue with operation of Bhatin mine

(i) The project has a strong positive employment and income effect, both direct as

well as indirect. (ii) The project has positive impact on consumption behavior by way of raising

average consumption and income through multiplier effect.

(iii) The project brought changes in the pattern of demand from food to non-food items and sufficient income is generated.

(iv) People perceive that the project has helped in the development of social &

physical infrastructures

8.3 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

UCIL has one of the prime objectives to support the local villagers of surrounding area for improvement of their socio-economic status by following manners:

8.3.1 Health

Medical camps nearby village are being conducted by UCIL hospital on periodical basis.

Medicines are provided to the patient free of cost. Free medical facilities are provided at UCIL hospital to local villagers through issue of medical record books. About 500 books have already been distributed among the nearby villagers.



Slide 8.2: Medical camps around the Bhatin Mine villages

8.3.2 Water Supply

UCIL is maintaining the tub wells already installed at the surrounding villages. New tube wells

are also installed at villages depending upon demand and necessity.

8.3.3 Education

(a) Talent Nurture Program

Economically deprived families have been admitted in the Atomic Energy Central School to impart education free of cost under Talent Nurture Programme (TNP) of UCIL. In addition to

this, free education, dresses and uniforms, books with monthly scholarship of Rs.300/-for

boys and Rs.400/- for girls is given to each student. In addition to above, provision for furniture, construction of boundary wall and solar power has been facilities to the various

rural schools in the nearby village. UCIL is regularly taking up construction, up gradation and

improving the amenities in local village schools. Skill development/scientific programmes,

computer classes in local school & colleges are conducted. Construction of toilet, laboratory, community centre, repairing & renovation of playground and miscellaneous repairing job are

carried out in newarby villages. Total expenditure of about Rs. 5 lakh is incurred annually.

(b) Industrial Training Centre

The prime objective of establishing Industrial Training Centre at Turamdih is to impart

technical training to the displaced persons, their descendents and youths of nearby villages

(from which land have been acquired). This would enable them to have self-employment and improve their economic and social standards to keep pace with changing conditions.



The Industrial Training Centre is approved as per DGE&T norms of Government of India. At

present it is proposed to have affiliation of National Council for vocational Training (NCVT),

New Delhi in three engineering trades namely, Electrician, Fitter and Diesel (Mechanic). Availability of seats for admission is as under:

50 % seats for eligible displaced person and direct descendent of displaced person 30% of seats are reserved for eligible candidate permanently residing in near by

villages for UCIL’s project.

8.3.4 Vocational Training for Village Women

UCIL took up initiative to impart training to local and tribal women on subject like Mushroom

Cultivation, Patta Plate Making, Phenol Making, Chalk Making, Nail Polish Remover, Vermi-

culture, Tailoring, Terikota, Dress Making, Designing, Machine Embroidery, Herbal Product, Beauty Culture, Health Care and Cottage Industries (Making of Candles, Incense Sticks,

Greeting Cards etc.) This training programme has been primarily conducted for the women.

The programme will facilitate the trained women for set up a production center for these

items. Some of the activities are shown in slide 8.3.

Slide 8.3: Self Employment Activities by Bhatin Village Women’s

8.3.5 Vocational Training for Local Youths

There are number of energetic youth in the surrounding villages who are unemployed as they are unable to get the job because they do not have the requisite training. Therefore, training

centers, at different places like Jaduguda colony, Narwapahar colony have been started in

collaboration with Jan Sikhshan Sanstha, Jamshedpur so as to make youth self sustain and

reliable. Youths are taking training on job-oriented courses like Electrical technician, Motor and Transformer winding, Compost (manure) making etc. The aim of the training is that all



young people/youths after taking training would be able to start their own business in the

above trade and become self sustaining. Various self in-come generating training course fees

of more than 50% is provided by UCIL for enhancing self employment in the area so as to raise standard of living.

Slide 8.4: Vocational Training for Men at Narwapahar and Jaduguda

8.3.6 Recreation

To search & select right talent amongst rural people, various sports tournament are conducted by UCIL at every year. Systematic and modern coaching is provided in most of

games at village level. Various sports material is provided free of cost to nurture the talent

among participants.

Slide 8.5: Sports Activities in the Surrounding Villages



8.3.7 Enhanced Agricultural Activity

The agricultural activities in the surrounding villages are boosted by UCIL. Hybrid seed and

manure for modern cultivation is provided by UCIL to the surrounding villages for high yield in the agriculture crop. Proper training has also been given with Krishi Vigyan Kendra for water

shed management, soil conservation, reclamation, manure making etc.

8.4 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS

The project continuance is likely to have other tangible benefits as given below.

Maintenance of JAHERASHTHAN for worship & meditation for local tribal people.

Development of community center for employment activities.

Market and business establishment facilities at Jaduguda.

Employment potential for skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers.

Cultural, recreation and aesthetic facilities will also improve.

Overall change in employment and income opportunity.

The State Government will also benefit directly from the project by revenue from royalties.

Slide 8.6: Tangible benefits from the project



Chapter 9

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND POST PROJECT MONITORING

9.1 INTRODUCTION

The major attributes of environment are not confined to the site alone and hence implementation of the control measures and monitoring programme has an implication on the surrounding area, as well as for the region. Therefore, management may strengthen the

existing control measures elaborated earlier in this. Management should be in regular touch with surrounding villages to update the various developmental schemes made by them. They

will also consider any immediate requirement, which could be taken care of in near future.

Environment Management Cell (EMC) of UCIL will be responsible for monitoring EMP and its implementation. EMC will be in regular touch with the regulatory authorities for statutory

compliance. UCIL Safety Committee of Atomic Energy Regulatory Board also inspects the

operation on quarterly basis. Recommendations are being followed.

9.1.1 Health Physics Unit of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

The state of the art Health Physics Unit (HPU), Jaduguda of Environmental Assessment Division of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) of Department of Atomic Energy has sole

responsibility for radiological surveillance of the operations. HPU is an independent agency for

radiological surveillance, which keeps vigilance on industrial operations and environmental monitoring around the project on periodical basis.

9.1.2 Environmental Engineering Cell (EEC)

It is imperative to establish an effective organization to implement, maintain, monitor and

control the environmental management system. A separate section “Environmental

Engineering Cell (EEC)” has been established to carry out day to day environmental monitoring and inspection of UCIL operations. The environmental engineering cell comprises

of environmental engineer, chemist, lab assistant and other staff.



9.1.3 Control Research and Development (CR&D)

Control Research and Development (CR&D) is responsible for quality assessment for product

and raw materials. Quality assessment of water and wastewater is carried out by CRD in association with EEC.

In addition to above, services of external agencies are also taken on periodical basis to carry

out the necessary monitoring work. Casual laborers etc. are employed for plantation, drain

cleaning etc. as and when required.

Services of recognized laboratories for sampling and monitoring the effluent quality and

emission are availed.

9.1.4 ISO 14001:2004

Environmental management system of UCIL comply the guidelines as per ISO: 14001:2004

and it is certified by reputed body TUV CERT. Environmental Aspect / Impact register has

been prepared for various activities of mining and ore processing plant. Operation Control Procedure (OCP) is available for various environmental aspects to control the pollution.

9.1.5 Mine Environmental Committee

A dedicated Mine Environmental Committee (MEC) is formed to look after the environmental

issues pertaining to mine environment. MEC comprises of Engineers, Geologist, Surveyor,

Environmental Engineer, Medical Officer, Training Officer, Occupational Health In-charge, Workmen, Union representative etc. Committee review the environmental aspect of industrial

operations on monthly basis and minutes of meeting of the committee communicated to

Directors/Officials. Recommendations of the committee are being implemented.

9.1.6 Mine Safety Committee

Dedicated safety committees for mine and ore processing plant are functional. Details are as under:

Safety officer look after the safety aspect in each operations.

Dedicated Safety Committee review the safety aspect of industrial operations on monthly basis.



Safety Committee comprises of Engineers, Geologist, Surveyor, Environmental Engineer, Medical Officer, Training Officer, Occupational Health In-charge,

Workmen, Union representative etc.

Minutes of Meeting of safety committee communicated to Directors/Officials and

concerned regulatory authorities.

Recommendations of safety committee are implemented.

9.1.7 Management Information System (MIS)

Apart from above committees, agenda for environmental aspects is included for Management

Information System (MIS), which is discussed by the head of organization with respective

HODs. Corrective action is taken whenever necessary.

9.2 ACTIVITIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

A comprehensive environmental surveillance for environmental and radiological parameters is carried out around the Bhatin establishments. Guidelines of Jharkhand State Pollution Control

Board (JSPCB), Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF), Atomic Energy Regulation Board

(AERB) and Director General of Mines Safety (DGMS) are being followed. HPU carry out monitoring of all relevant parameters of radiological and industrial hygiene significance for in-

plant, and for surrounding natural environment. The monitoring data generated on routine basis serve as tools for assessment and control of in-plant operations impact; and to ensure environmental radiation protection and to demonstrate the regulatory compliance as and

when required. The basis of control measures to be adopted is inline with recommendations

of international and national agencies. The ALARA principle of radiation protection will be followed.

Activities of environmental management system are:

1. Radiological Monitoring

2. Water Quality Monitoring

3. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

4. Soil Quality Monitoring

5. Plantation and Greenbelt Development

6. Occupational Health & Safety Surveillance

7. Socio-Economic Development

8. Implementation of various regulatory guidelines



Details are furnished in chapter no. 6. Organizational structure of environmental management

system is shown in Figure 9.1:

C & MD(Head of Organization)

Director (Technical)

Sr. Env. Environmental Engineers

Environmental Engineer

Environment Engineering Laboratory

Chemist Lab Assistant

HPU of BARC(An external agency)

Control Research & Development

ISO:14001:2004&

IS:18001:2007Internal Safety Organization

Figure 9.1: Organizational Structure of Environmental Management System

9.3 DUTIES OF EMC

In order to carry out the environmental monitoring, EEC will perform the following activities:

EEC oversees that environmental control measures are implemented as per approved

action plan.

Plan for conservation of water and energy.

Identify and record the constraints in respect of environmental planning and implementation.



Systematically document and record keeping w.r.t environmental issues. Details are listed in Table 9.1.

Working of environmental engineering laboratory

Field monitoring and laboratory analysis.

Monitoring of plantation development.

Environmental compliance to the regulatory authorities.

Communication with the concerned department on the environmental issue.

Environmental issues are discussed with head / directors. This is the part of Management Information System (MIS), practiced at UCIL.

Interact and liaison with State/ Central Government departments.

Table 9.1: Important records to be maintained by EMC

Sr. No. Particulars

1. Field monitoring results for air, water, noise, soil, radiological parameters

2. Record/monitor plantation measures and socioeconomic developments

3. Environmental related standards and norms

4. Records pertaining to statutory consents, approvals

5. Periodic medical examinations records

6. Records pertaining to laboratory equipments maintenance and calibration

7. Records of water consumption

8. Environmental statement records

9. Records of annual budgetary requirement and allocation for pollution control

9.3.1 Updating of EMP

Action is taken to update the EMP on regular basis in accordance with the guidelines of regulatory authorities as JSPCB / MoEF / AERB / DGMS etc.

9.4 LABORATORY FACILITY AND EQUIPMENT

For better environmental monitoring and management, an independent environmental

engineering laboratory has been set up at Turamdih. Facilities and equipments available at

Environmental Engineering Laboratory are enumerated in Table 9.2. The laboratory shall be strengthened with competent manpower and additional equipment.



Table 9.2: List of equipment, accessory & consumable

Sr. No.

Equipment Quantity

1 Multiparameter (pH, TDS, Conductivity, Temp) 1

2 Turbidity meter 1

3 COD Thermo reactor system 1

4 BOD measuring system 1

5 Muffle furnace 1

6 Oven 1

7 Titration Apparatus 2

8 Hot plat 1

9 Heating Mantle 1

10 Jar Test apparatus 1

11 Filter Assembly Vacuum Pump 1

12 Thermometer 2

13 Sound meter 1

14 Meteorological kit (wind speed & dir., temp, rainfall etc) 1

15 D.O. meter 1

16 Electronic balance 1

17 Microbiological lab 1

18 Microscope 1

19 Refrigerator 1

20 Digester 1

22 Magnetic Stirrer 1

23 Water Bath 1

24 Micropipette 1

25 Respirable Dust Sampler with gaseous attachments 3

26 Portable water kit 1

27 Reference & standards 1 set

28 Chemicals 1 lot

29 Glass ware & accessories 1 lot

Following equipment will be procured for strengthening the Environmental Engineering

Laboratory.

PM10 / PM2.5 Air Sampler – 3 nos.

Spectrophotometer – 1 no.



Apart from above in-house facilities, HPU–Jaduguda has state-of-art laboratory for

radiological, toxicological and chemical assessment of environmental attributes, edible items

and personnel dose. The following monitoring facilities:

External gamma radiation

222Rn and its short-lived progeny

Radon dosimetry

Internal contamination

Airborne siliceous dust and its activity

Surface contamination

Personal monitoring of workers

Chemical & radiometric analytical facilities

9.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING

In the present stage of development, environmental audit for mining and allied industry is

necessary in line with sustainable development. This can be achieved by auditing and

identifying the operating conditions that prevail in the mines and ore processing plant. Environmental audits are defined as a basic management tool comprising of systematic

documented, periodic and objective evaluation of how well environmental organization.

Internal audit as per ISO-14001:2004 is carried out on half-yearly basis to know the state of environmental compliance and to take necessary steps if any. External audit is carried out yearly basis. Finding of audit results are discussed at concerned officials and action is taken

for safeguards of environment. Same practice is maintained for safety aspect audit which is carried out in accordance with IS: 18001:2007.

9.6 POST PROJECT MONITORING

Post project monitoring is required for physical, chemical, structural and radiological stability

of system, which is likely to have long-term impact. Tailing dam area has been considered for

post project monitoring.



Chapter 10

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

10.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL), a Government of India undertaking under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) has the sole responsibility of mining and processing of uranium ore in India. At present UCIL is engaged for mining at Jaduguda Mine, Bhatin Mine,

Turamdih Mine, Narwapahar Mine, Bagjata Mine & Banduhurang Open Cast Mine and ore

processing at Jaduguda and Turamdih in the East Singhbhum District of Jharkhand state to produce U3O8 (yellow cake). In order to cater the growing demand of U3O8 in the country,

UCIL has planned to renew the mining lease of Bhatin to exploit the techno-commercial viable

deposits at Mohuldih in Jharkhand, Lambapur-Paddagattu and Tummalapalle in Andhra Pradesh and KPM project in Meghalaya. Strategically important mineral U3O8 is characterized

as per prescribed substance in the Atomic Energy Act, 1962.

Operation of Bhatin Mines has strategic importance for national interest to cater the need of

uranium supply in country. Additional quantity of uranium is required for enhancing the nuclear power generation capacity of 4120 MW to 10180 MW by the end of XI Plan period.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report is intended to renew the mining lease of

Bhatin Mine. The lease area of Bhatin Mine is 142.98 ha under village of Bhatin which is part

of contiguous lease of Jaduguda & Bhatin complex of 531.21 ha (1312.62 acres). However these mines are being separated by distance of about 4 km and having separate mines plan.

Accordingly these mines are considered by MoEF as two independent proposals for renewal of

combined mine lease of 531.21 ha (1312.62 acres). The present Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared in accordance with stipulations of Environment

and Forests (MoEF), Government of India and “Terms of Reference” (TOR) received from

MoEF vide their letter No. J-11015/45/2008-IA.II/M dated 25th January 2008.

UCIL commissioned Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research (CIMFR), Dhanbad for carrying out environmental baseline status, preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) report for the project. The report has been

prepared on the basis of baseline environmental data monitored during the period from December 2007 to March 2008 representing winter season. Time series data for various

parameters has been furnished since 2004 to 2010.



Bhatin Uranium deposit is located in the Dhalbhum subdivision of East Singhbhum district of

Jharkhand. Mine lease is located at Latitude 22o 39’ 25” N to 22o 40’ 20” N and longitude 86o

19’ 20” E to 86o 20’ 25” E is covered by Survey of India toposheet no. 73J/6 on R.F. 1:50,000 (1978). The national highways NH-33 pass through North-East direction of Bhatin Mine at

distance of 10 km. The South Eastern railway passes through the region. The nearest railway

station is Rakha Mines at a distance of 5 km and nearest Junction is Tatanagar station at about 22 km.

The installed capacity of Bhatin Mine is 250 TPD ore. Uranium ore from Bhatin is transported

to Jaduguda Ore Processing Plant through covered truck. Life of Bhatin mine is expected

about 29 years. The ore body at Bhatin is lenticular and explored up to the depth of 600 meter from surface. The strike length of the ore body near surface is about 1000 meter with

average thickness of 3 m and average dip of 40o. The horizontal Cut & Fill method is followed

for ore extraction. Present working depth of mine is about 181m and the deepest point is 205m from the surface. Adequate ventilation and pumping facility have been provided.

Quantity of mine water discharge is about 100 m3/day.

The power consumption for the mine is approx 1 MVA. Source of power is JSEB which is

received at Main Receiving Station (MRS) of Jaduguda. Diesel consumption at mine is negligible @ 12 l/day. Emergency power is taken from Jaduguda ore process plant for

principle machines in mine. Water demand for the mine is 110 m3/d, which is received from Water Treatment Plant of Jaduguda.

The mine is having maintenance workshop, central stores, telecommunication network, rest center, canteen and adequate fire fighting arrangements.

Manpower presently engaged in the Bhatin mine is 196 persons. No additional manpower is required for the expansion (lease renewal). There is no capital investment is required.

10.2 DESCRIPTION OF PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

10.2.1 Physiography and Drainage

The present study area is undulating with small hillocks and vegetative cover. The ground level elevation of the site varies between 125 – 255 mRL with peak at the 255 mRL. General

ground level gradually slopes towards the NE. The natural drainage system is distinct due to

hilly topography and well defined gradients in parts of the study area. The area is drained by the Gara Nalla, which flow towards North Eastern part of the lease area and joined the

Subarnarekha River near Digri Ashram. Major part of the area has dendritic drainage pattern.



10.2.2 Climate and Meteorology The study area lies in tropical region with very hot summers and cold winters. Summer

temperature shoots up to 44oC while winter temperature falls down upto 5°C in the night. The

average annual relative humidity is about 56%. Major rainfall occurs by south-west monsoon. The maximum 24 hours rainfall recorded in this region is 390 mm in 17th July 2008. The

average annual rainfall in the area is reported to be 1168 mm. The wind speed of the area

varies from calm to 9.60 km/hr. The overall predominant wind direction in the area is W (west).

10.2.3 Air Quality

Monitoring of ambient air quality (AAQ) was conducted at six (6) stations within the study area. Two locations within core zone at Bhatin mine & Bhatin colony and four locations within

buffer zone were selected at Bhatin village (<0.5 km), Jaduguda near HPU (<0.5 km),

Hartopa village (>5.0 km) & Kalikapur village (>5.0 km). The parameters monitored are Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10), Oxides of Nitrogen

(NOx), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Dust fall rate. Monitoring of ambient air quality was carried

out for one full season (winter) twice a week at all the stations along with 24 hourly samples.

Dust fall at each AAQ stations was measured as monthly average during the monitoring period.

Ambient air quality of core zone show that the SPM values ranges from 105 g/m3 to 205

g/m3 and RPM (PM10) values vary from 49 g/m3 to 89 g/m3. SO2 and NOx values vary as

<10 g/m3 to 14 g/m3 & <10 g/m3 to 18 g/m3 respectively. In buffer zone, SPM value

ranges from 96 g/m3 to 261 g/m3. The RPM (PM10) value ranges from 35 g/m3 to 98

g/m3. SO2 and NOx ranges from <10 g/m3 to 17 g/m3 and <10 g/m3 to 32 g/m3

respectively. All values are within permissible limits of National Ambient Air Quality Standards-2009. Dust fall rates vary from 0.33 to 0.48 g/m2/d.

Noise measurement was carried out at six (6) locations on hourly basis. The existing noise level in the core zone varies from 60 to 65.4 dB (A). All values are within the corresponding

threshold value of the prescribed norm.

10.2.4 Water Resources and Quality Ground water levels in open wells in pre-monsoon seasons vary from 4.0 m to 18 m below

ground level and it ranges 1 m to 17 m in the post-monsoon season. Total 30 wells were

selected as observation points in the study area for measuring the water level. Ground water

table found to be 2.1 m-11.2m bgl. Average water level fluctuation of the area is 4.45m. The



hydrological parameters were calculated on the basis of 20 years average rainfall data which

is 1278 mm. About 15% of the rainfall water becomes part of ground water recharge, rest

22% is lost as the surface and sub-surface runoff, and 63% is lost through evapo-transpiration. The value of Total Annual Replenishable Recharge (TARR) is 0.9078 million

m3/year.

Water quality monitoring was carried out at ten (10) stations which include four ground water, five surface water and one mine water sample. In general, the measured values are

found within the permissible limit of drinking water standards except Lead, iron and

aluminium which shows higher background concentration in ground water irrespective of hydro-geological boundaries. The surface water quality was found useful for drinking water

after conventional treatment followed by disinfection. There is no discharge of water to

environment from Bhatin mine.

10.2.5 Land Use Pattern

The lease area is comprised of agricultural / fallow land which is 56.25 % followed by forest

(38.25 %) area. Other classes are waste Land (2.90 %), industrial establishments (1.20 %), Plantation/green belt (0.70 %), settlement (0.11 %) and water bodies (0.70 %). The

dominant class of landuse within study area is agricultural / fallow land (60.65%) followed by

forest area (21.43 %). Beside this the other are Open Scrub / Open land (9.0%), Tailings Pond (0.28 %), settlement (4.24 %), Vegetation (1.77%), water bodies (2.51%).

There is no National Park, Sanctuary, Biosphere reserves, Wildlife Corridor, Tiger/Elephant reserves and monument within in the study area.

10.2.6 Soil Environment

Five soil samples have been analyzed within study area of barren land, agricultural field and forest soil. Analysis of soil samples reveals that there is no wide variation in the natural

material. Particle size analysis shows that the texture of the soil is of sandy loam in nature.

The bulk density was found to vary from 1.10 to 1.43 g/cm3 showing compactness while moisture content ranged from 4.14 % to 7.28 %. All the samples showed moderate water

holding capacity ranging from 47 to 56 %. Further soil of all the samples was found slightly

acidic in nature. The values of EC ranged from 0.08 m moh/cm to 0.29 m moh/cm which

suggests that total soluble solid concentration is in the normal range. Low Organic carbon concentrations were found in all the samples. Available phosphorus and potassium have been

found in medium range.



10.2.7 Radio-activity Aspects Site specific baseline data has been collected from Environmental Surveillance laboratory of

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Jaduguda. The γ-radiation and atmospheric radon

concentration in and around Bhatin mine varies from 0.03 to 0.66 µGy/ h and 5.0 to 113 Bq/m3 respectively. Time series data for year 2005-2009 revealed that the annual gamma

exposure using TLDs vary from 701 to 1637 µGy/h. It would be worth to mention that there is

widespread uranium mineralization in this region leading to considerable variation in the background. The average radon concentration in Bhatin mines exhaust varies from 1.87 to

2.44 kBq/m3 from year 2005 to 2010.

The mean U(nat) and 226Ra values in surface water around Bhatin of last five years shows

that it vary from 0.6 µg/l to 9.4 µg/l and 1.3 mBq/l to 25 mBq/l respectively. Ground water samples were collected from adjoining areas of Bhatin mines at various distance within <0.5

km, 0.5 km to 5.0 km and > 5.0 km. The mean U(nat) and 226Ra values of last five years shows that it vary from 0.5 µg/l to 5.2 µg/l and 3.5 mBq/l to 10.6 mBq/l respectively.

Variation in concentration of radionuclides may be attributed to local geological features and

seasonal changes. However all values are well within the drinking water concentration limits prescribed by national regulatory agency (60 µg/l & 300 mBq/l).

Representative soil samples were collected from study area at distance of <0.5 km, 0.5 km to 5.0 km and > 5.0 km. Analysis of time series data of five years revealed that the U(nat)

and 226Ra values vary from 0.62 mg/kg to 4.4 mg/kg & 11 Bq/kg to 35.5 Bq/kg respectively.

variation in U(nat) and 226Ra levels is attributed to natural background of the uranium mineralized areas.


Characteristic forest type of the area, distributed along the topography are mainly Tropical moist and dry deciduous. These areas are characterized with the presence of moist peninsular

valley sal forest moist mixed deciduous forest and moderate shrub growth. Top canopy in

these areas were dominated by Shorea robusta, Salmalia malabarica in association with Terminalia tomentosa, Adina cordifolia, Pterocarpous marsupium, Madhuca indica, Emblica

officinalis etc. Main associates in the second story tree are Syzygium cumini and Ficus spp,

Kydia calicina, Mallotus philippensis and Polyalthia ceracoides, Anogisus latifolia, Boswellia

serrata, Buchanania lanzana, Aegle marmelose and Butea Monosperma etc. Bamboo community is represented by Dendrocalamus strictus in patches. Woodfordia fruticosa is the

most frequent shrub in this forest type along with Phoenix acaulis. Primates are common

faunal species of the forest surrounding the study area. Snakes and lizards are quite common. Wild species occasionally reported in the buffer zone are wild boar, jungle cat, black napped



hare, squirrel, jackals and porcupines etc. Amongst birds the bulbul, white-breasted

kingfisher, magpie robin, spotted dove, mayna, and jungle bubbler are prominent. Amongst

reptiles, several poisonous snakes like cobra, viper, krait and non-poisonous snakes (like python, boa, rat snakes, green whip, Bronze backed tree snake, etc) are abound in this area.

The garden and monitor lizards are also seen. Variety of butterflies (like common grass

yellow/ common jezebel) and insects (such as beetles, spiders, red ants, and flies) are spotted in abundance in the study zone.

10.2.9 Socio-Economic Status

Sample survey for sixty one villages in the study area was conducted for assessment of socio-

economic condition. Parameters selected were medical facilities, electricity, drinking water

facility, educational facility, public transport, post and telegraph office, bank and entertainment facilitis etc. Most of the houses are kuchha. No higher education facility is

available in the study area. The health facility is not satisfactory in the study area except at

Jaduguda and Narwapahar where good medical facility is available at UCIL. Medical facility is provided by UCIL in core and adjoining area. In most of the villages, the connecting road is

kuchha. Households in the study area are either using firewood or coal as fuel. Drinking water

facility is a problem to the local people in buffer zone. However existence of UCIL has facilitated the overall improvement of socio-economic status of the area. This project will

further improve the quality of life of the people residing in the area.

10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Site selection is not applicable in the present context with respect to site-specific project of Bhatin mine.

10.3.1 Ambient Air Quality

Since the mining activity is primarily restricted to underground, there is no significant impact

on ambient air quality due to mining. The existing background level of dust and gaseous pollutants, as indicated by the baseline data are within the permissible limits, the lease

renewal of Bhatin mine is unlikely to cause any significant impact on ambient air quality. Dust

is controlled by adopting effective water spraying in underground working as well as at ore loading / unloading point at surface. Plantation within the mine premises and proper

maintenance of vehicles control the emission. Trucks carrying ore is covered with sheet.

10.3.2 Noise Level

The ambient noise level indicates that the values are within the prescribed limit. The proposed lease renewal will not contribute to additional noise level. Plantation has developed all around

the boundary which mitigates the propagation of noise. PPE are being used in noisy area.



10.3.3 Water Environment No groundwater is being extracted for the project. However, mine water is discharged from

underground during mining operation. In order to calculate the water potential and impact of

mining activity, hydrogeological study has been conducted. Total annual replenishable recharge (TARR) is evaluated as 0.9078 million m3/year while total annual draft from the sub-

water shed area is 0.1164 million m3/year. The net ground water availability is 0.7983 million

m3/year. Study revealed that stage of ground water development is only 12.82 % and hence there is no dearth of water availability in the area. Mining operations have no impact on water

resources. However as water conservation practice, rain water harvesting scheme has been

implemented.

The main source of wastewater generation from the mine is underground discharge. Total wastewater generation from mine is 100 m3/day, which is pumped to Jaduguda through

closed conduits for treatment and reused in industrial operations. No wastewater is discharged to environment from mine. Total water required for mine is 110 m3/day, which is

utilized in drinking & pit-head bath (25m3/day), dust suppression (40 m3/day), stowing

makeup (15m3/day), plantation (5m3/day) and domestic consumption at Bhatin colony (10m3/day). 15 m3/day is supplied to the public outside the mine boundary. Sewage from

mine and colony is treated in septic tank followed by soak pit.

Quantity of wastewater will remain the same after lease renewal. The existing background

level of water quality as indicated by the baseline data revealed that impact on water

environment will be insignificant due lease renewal, with continuing present environmental management plan.

10.3.4 Topography and Landuse Alteration

Bhatin mine is an underground mine and hence alteration of the surface topography is not expected. At the end of mining, a landscape with predominance of forest land shall emerge.

As there will not be any expansion work at the existing establishment, change in topography

is not envisaged. Storm water from the lease area flows into seasonal drainage channels, which ultimately drain into Gara river, adjacent to east of the lease area. No alteration of

drainage pattern of the area is envisaged.

Plantation has been developed around the project at about 1.0 ha of acquired area. About 1.2 ha of forest area has been re-vegetated. Total 1500 no. of plantation is done. The common

species planted are saal, aksiya, khaira, mango, kadam etc. The overlying rock is competent

enough to withstand the induced stress, no surface subsidence is anticipated. Soil erosion



control measures have been adopted by controlling storm water through pucca drain and

good landscaping.

10.3.5 Soil Environment Since Bhatin is developed and running underground mines, there will be no net loss of soil

during the operation of mine. Contamination of soil quality, to some extent, is possible in the

core zone near workshop & garage area for which adequate mitigating measures have been taken. In spite of these, no significant impact on soil quality has been observed. U(nat) and 226Ra concentration in soil around Bhatin are within the normal range. The global variation in

concentration of uranium in soil ranges from 0.7 to 11 ppm (up to 15 ppm in farmland soil due to use of phosphate fertilizers has also been observed). Value shows that variations are in

normal range.

10.3.6 Flora and Fauna Underground mining lease area covers about 54.53 ha forest area which have been protected

and undisturbed. The existing level of biological diversity seen in the light of UCIL’s operations

since 1967, emphasize diversity friendly nature of these operations. There is no additional

forest is required for the project. None of the plants will be cut during operational phase of the mine. Impact on Flora and Fauna is not anticipated due to lease renewal.

10.3.7 Radiation

Due to natural background radiation, every human receive a global average dose of 2.4 mili Sievert per year (mSv/Yr). In some high natural background radiation regions of the world

such as some parts of China, Brazil, Iran and parts of Coastal Kerala & Tamilnadu in India, this is found to be of the order of 10 mSv/Yr or even more. Apart from the natural sources, manmade sources of radiation viz., diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicines & radiotherapy

etc. also contribute to individuals’ dose. The annual average effective dose attributable to the

nuclear energy industry to the world population is only 0.25 % of the annual global average background radiation.

Low grades of ore give rise to correspondingly low levels of external doses. In view of the low grade of Bhatin, the gamma radiation exposure is very low and marginally above the local

natural background. With wet drilling, generation of dust containing silica and low levels of

long-lived radioactivity in the work place is significantly reduced. In the ore handling areas, dust suppression by water sprinkling is carried out to minimize generation of radioactive

fugitive dust. Exposure to radon and its short-lived progeny is controlled by adequate



ventilation. As unlimited dilution with atmospheric air is available, radon concentration in the

work zone air is reduced to insignificant levels.

The international Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in its publication, ICRP-65

(1993) suggests that the specific alpha activity of the particles in the respirable ore dust is low

and any effects may be influenced more by the physical and chemical forms of the dust than by the activity concentration.

Every human activity has some associated risk which has to be weighed with regard to the

benefits. The standards of safety and dose limits in the Indian Uranium mining and processing industry are those recommended by the ICRP and adopted by the Atomic Energy Regulatory

Board (AERB). The dose limits recommended by the ICRP are followed all over the world and

accepted by the international Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the World Health Organisation (WHO), International Labour Organisation (ILO) and several organisations concerned with the

safety of workers, members of the public and the environment. The ICRP and IAEA prescribe

the annual dose limit of 20 mSv/Y averaged over 5 years. The ICRP basic framework of radiological protection intends to prevent occurrence of deterministic effects, by keeping

doses below the relevant thresholds, and to ensure that all reasonable steps are taken to

reduce the induction of stochastic effects (ALARA). Health Physics Unit of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre carries out survey of radiation exposure and possible health effects. It has

been observed that exposure of workers to radiation is well within the prescribed limits. The

observations are periodically reviewed by the AERB and other concerned regulatory bodies. No impact has been observed due to mining operation at Bhatin.

10.3.8 Occupational Health and Safety Safety of employees during operation is followed as per Mines Rules and Regulations and AERB guidelines. All operations of the organization are closely monitored by Environmental

Surveillance Laboratory of Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC). Various health surveys

around Jaduguda & Bhatin mines have been conducted by a team consisting of doctors and specialists. It was concluded that the disease pattern cannot be ascribed to radiation in any of

the cases.

Dedicated Safety and Environmental Committees review the safety aspect of industrial operations on monthly basis. Committees comprises of Engineers, Geologist, Surveyor,

Environmental Engineer, Medical Officer, Training Officer, Occupational Health In-charge,

Workmen, Union representative etc. Minutes of Meeting of the committee communicated to Directors/Officials and concerned regulatory authorities. Recommendations of committee are implemented. Facility available at for Bhatin mine for occupational health and Safety are:






First-Aid organization including training and retraining of First-Aiders.

Use of personal dosimeters, personal dust samplers Vocational trainings officer impart training to employees which includes job safety, first-aid,

fire as well as occupational health & safety. Group Vocational Training Centre acts as the

centre. Health Physics Unit of BARC monitors the various environmental attribute on regular basis as an external agency:

Following facilities are available for health surveillance as under:




Periodical Medical Examination (PME) of all workers by a medical specialist so that any adverse effect may be detected in its early stage. Audiometry test and lung function test, Blood test, ECG, etc are done.

Village Medical health check-up camps are carried out by Jaduguda hospital. Doctors along with supporting staff are sent to surrounding villages every week.

Patients have consultation with the doctors and medicines are distributed to the

needy person on free of charge.


10.3.9 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan

Various factors, which can create disaster in underground metalliferrous mining industry, are subsidence, inundation, surface fire and roof fall. As Cut & fill method of mining is being

practiced and rock mass is quite competent, no surface subsidence is anticipated. Operating

mines of UCIL has no record for subsidence. Risk associated with subsidence is insignificant. As such, there is no major surface water bodies/river; ingress of water is not anticipated. No

cracks reaches on the surface due to underground working therefore leakages from surface



has not been observed. Moreover all the openings are kept above the highest flood level of

the area to prevent inundation from flooding. All the electrical safety norms of DGMS are

strictly followed. Spillage of waste oil and fuel oil may resultant fire. Sufficient nos. of portable fire extinguishers has been provided at strategic locations near the fuel store, waste oil

storage area, fuel-filling area to take care of any eventuality. To prevent the damage from

roof fall, a systematic support rule is followed. After preparation systematic support system for stope, drive and drift, approval from DGMS is obtained before implementation. Bhatin uranium mine deals with radioactive materials of low specific activity. The ore-grade being

low, the associated hazard potentials with respect to external and internal exposures at

various stages of mining are less compared to those with the high grade ores. As the ore is handled in wet condition, risk due to dust is insignificant. Adequate ventilation reduces the

risk of radon in underground workings. General safety measures have been provided at

various locations.

Experience of operating establishments of UCIL has revealed that most of the accident occurs

due to the human failure. However, the Disaster Management Plan has been prepared under Regulation No.190 (A) of Metalliferous Mines Regulation 1961. The plan contains instructions

to be followed in case of an emergency, major or serious accident, failure of system /

equipment, Fire or Power failure, stoppage of ventilation fans etc.

10.3.10 Socio-Economic

Uranium mining and agriculture are the basic sector of employment for the local people in this

area. The project has provided a direct job opportunity to the local persons as both technical and non-technical workers. While substantial portions of them are villagers from the study

area. Establishments of well-maintained residential colony for employees of all categories at Bhatin & Jaduguda have created substantial demands for commodities like food and consumable goods. Subsequently urbanisation of Jaduguda could be seen in recent time.

Transportation link with Jamshedpur has been improved due to UCIL efforts. Literacy has

further increased because of better income and awareness amongst the people. Urbinisation of Jaduguda is evident as positive impact due to UCIL operation.

10.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

A comprehensive environmental surveillance is carried out by the state- of-art Health Physics

Unit (HPU) of Environmental Assessment Division of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). Health Physics Unit of Jaduguda is established in year 1965 for environmental monitoring

before commencement of UCIL operations. HPU is an independent section which keeps

vigilance on industrial operations. An “Environmental Management Cell (EMC)” has been established for implementation of EMP in association with HPU. Environmental monitoring at



various locations around 20 km from the operation are carried out on periodic basis. A

comprehensive network for monitoring has been prepared. Sampling location has been

identified by considering the source of pollution due to industrial operations, drainage pattern and topography of the area.

Monitoring is carried out for ambient air quality, noise, water quality, effluent discharge quality, radiological aspect in environment and edibles, dose assessment, health surveillance etc.

10.5 PROJECT BENEFITS Establishment of Bhatin mine has significant positive impact on the socio-economic

environment of the area. It helps to sustain the development of this area including further development of physical infrastructure facilities. The following physical infrastructure facilities

have improved due to the project and significantly contributing for the economic development of the area.

Road Transport facilities: Construction 19 km road between Jaduguda – Sundernagar, construction of road and a high-level bridge

Market at Jaduguda

Water supply

Health

Self employment opportunity: Establishment of Maa Rankini Mahila Mandol, Kisan Club etc.

Jaduguda – Sundernagar road of 19 km length with high-level bridge at Gara River has been

constructed and maintained by UCIL. This has facilitated to shorten the travel route by 28 km (approx) from Bhatin to Jamshedpur. Plenty of public transports (Bus) are plying in the area,

which is available at an interval of 30 minutes through out the year. Improvement in

transportation system has facilitated the student for higher education in Jamshedpur city. Peripheral development could be seen after improvement of transport facilities. This road has

contributed a lot for economic development of the area. Water supply has been extended for

community. Construction of boundary and supply furniture and other required to surrounding schools is done by UCIL. Talent Nurture Programme to support the economically deprived

students has been initiative. Training to local youth and tribal women for self employment is

provided. A Kisan club has been constructed for the people to doing self employment for

various agricultural purpose, etc. Maa Rankini Mahila Mondal has been established by local village women for running self employment by making patta plates, mashroom cultivation etc.



10.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

An “Environmental Engineering Cell (EEC)” has been established to carry out day to day

environmental monitoring and inspection of UCIL operations. The environmental engineering

cell comprises of environmental engineers, chemists, lab assistants and other staffs. Control &

Research Department (C & RD), Jaduguda is responsible for quality assessment for product and raw materials. Quality assessment of water and wastewater in association with HPU of

BARC is carried out by C & RD.The state of the art Health Physics Unit (HPU) of

Environmental Assessment Division of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) has sole responsibility for radiological surveillance of the operations. Environmental management

system of UCIL comply the guidelines as per ISO: 14001:2004 and it is certified by reputed

body TUV CERT. Environmental Aspect / Impact register has been prepared for various activities of mining and ore processing plant. Operation Control Procedure (OCP) is available

for various environmental aspects to control the pollution. Environmental issue form a part of

Management Information System (MIS), which is discussed by the head of organization with respective HODs. Corrective action is taken whenever necessary.

Sufficient fund allocation has been made available for environmental management and monitoring program. In order to implement the environmental protection measures, an

amount of Rs. 71.40 lakhs per year is incurred.

10.7 CONCLUSIONS Baseline environmental status and impact assessment study revealed that lease renewal will

have no significant impact on environment if environmental management plan is implemented. Moreover, continuation of mine will have positive impact for improvement of

infrastructure and of socio-economic condition of the area.



Chapter 11

CONSULTANTS FOR EIA / EMP PREPARATION

11.1 NAME OF THE CONSULTANTS

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT GROUP

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF MINING AND FUEL RESEARCH, DHANBAD

(Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)

Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research a premier R&D organization under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is dedicated to deliver and technical inputs to

mining and allied industries. Environmental Management Group (EMG) of CIMFR constitutes an interdisciplinary and versatile experts with diverse experiences in the area of mining,

environmental sciences, instrumentation, remote sensing, environmental biology and ecology,

geology, environmental chemistry and soil science. This group has wide experience in qualifying the environmental problems and providing right solutions from underground to

surface mining associated industries, thermal powers, coal washeries etc. through R&D and

consultancy services. It has capability for handling complex environmental problems in mining and a non-mining area with economy and time targeted completion and assures cost

competitive expert services support to its clients in India and aboard.

CIMFR is pioneer Institute in the field of Mining Environment. We undertake preparation of

appropriate scientific and methodical Environment Impact Assessment and management measures for Mining and Allied Industries to meet the country’s pollution control laws farmed

by Ministry of Environment & Forest from time to time. We are a recognized laboratory of Central Pollution Control Board under section 12(1) B of environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

The group offers services from monitoring and baseline data generation to ecological and environment management and preparation of EIA/EMP of metal and non-metal mines,

thermal powers etc. Our infrastructure boasts of highly sophisticated equipments for

monitoring and analysis coupled with latest computer backup both in terms of hardware and software for environmental modelling as well as GIS based application development.

Environmental management Group assures you to provide best solution for the time targeted

and cost effective completion of the project. EMG is dedicated to sustainable development of mining and allied industries and specialized in:

Monitoring of Environmental Parameter

Micro-meteorological Study using SODAR



Environmental Impact Assessment through Computer Modeling & Simulation technique.

Preparation of environmental Statement for Mining Industry Subsidence Prediction by Numerical Modeling

Computer aided Eco-friendly Mine Planning Design

Risk Hazard Assessment

Bio-reclamation and Slope Stability of Waste Dumps

Environmental Remote Sensing and GIS

Analysis and Preservation Bio-diversity Rendering Constancy Services for Day to Day Environmental Problems

Review of EIA & EMP

Impact of mining and Allied industries on Aquatic Environmental – River Lake Ground water.

The Environmental Management Group has well equipped laboratory with most sophisticated instruments and facilities. The group has handled more than seventy Nationals and

International projects including the World Bank added project. “Environmental Management

Capacity Building Project Mining Sector and National Mission project Carrying Capacity of

Damodar River Basin”. The group has ten Scientists eight technical staff and five supporting staffs. The scientists have expertise in different subjects and environmental aspects. The

following table gives the expertise available with the group.

S.N Name Qualification Specialization

1 Dr. A Sinha M. Sc. (Tech), Ph. D. Applied Geology

2 Dr. B. K. Tewary M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D Ecology & Environmental Management

3 Dr. M. K. Chakraborty B.Tech. F.C.C, Ph.D Mining & Mine Environment

4 Dr. R. K. Tiwary M.Sc, Ph.D Water Pollution

5 Dr. T. B. Singh M.Sc, Ph.D Environmental Chemistry

6 Dr. M. Ahmad M.Sc, Ph.D Environmental Geology

7 Dr. Abhay Kr. Singh M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D Environmental Geochemistry Hydrogeology

8 Dr. Siddharth Singh M.Sc, Ph.D Environmental Biology & Ecology

9 Mr. G.C. Mondal M.Sc Environmental Chemistry



List of some of work similar in nature undertaken by CMRI in last 5 years

Project S.N. Title of project Sponsored by Type * Commencement Completion

1 Regional EIA/EMP for Sirmour limestone deposits in Himachal Pradesh

MOEF, GOI G 1994 2000

2 EIA/EMP of Sikni Open Cast Coal Project JSMDC, Jharkhand.

JSMDC, Ranchi Jharkhand

G 2004 2006

3 EIA/EMP of Jagaldaga OCP JSMDC, Jharkhand


G 2005 2006

4 EIA/EMP of Sirboi OCP JSMDC, Jharkhand


G 2005 2006

5 EIA/EMP of Trans Damodar OCP

WBMDIC WB G 2006 Contd.

6 EIA/EMP of Jaduguda and Bhatin mines and Turamdih Mines & Mills, UCIL

UCIL Jaduguda

G 2005 Contd.

7 EIA/EMP of Bermo Mines (DVC)

DVC Hazaribagh

G 2005 Contd.

8 Environmental monitoring of Bicholim Surla. Kirlepate Mines. EIA-EMP of Kirlapale. Surla, Cupem & Colamba Iron Ore Mine of Dempo Mining GOA.

Dempo Mining Corporation Goa

P 1999 2005

9 EIA-EMP of Swantwasi Tahsil of Sindhudurg District


P 2005 2006

10 EIA-EMP of Bicholim Iron Ore Mine


P 2001 2004

11 EIA/EMP of Parbatpur OCP

Casting Ltd. Kolkata

P 2005 Contd.

12 EIA/EMP of Kalimela OCP TISCO Jamadoba

P 2005 Contd.

13 EIA/EMP of Carapur, Godboai, Sancordim, Sulcorna, Ozrim Iron ore mines (Dempo Goa)


P 2006 Contd.

14 EIA/EMP of Pachawara Open Cast Coal Project

PANEM Coal Mines Ltd.

J 2001 2004



Project PANEM Coal Mines Ltd.

15 EIA/EMP of Baranj Open Cast Coal Project Karnataka EMTA.

Karnataka EMTA

J 2004 2005

16 EIA/EMP of Badam Open Cast Coal Project tenughat EMTA.

Tenughat EMTA

J 2004 2005

17 EIA/EMP of Gangaramechak & Bhadulia open Cast Coal Project Bengal EMTA.

Bengal EMTA Coal Mines Ltd.

J 2005 Contd.

18 EIA/EMP of Barjore Open Cast Coal Project, Bengal EMTA.

Bengal EMTA Coal Mines Ltd.

J 2004 2005

19 EIA/EMP of Barjor OCP DVC EMTA J 2006 Contd. 20 EIA/EMP of Khagra

Jaydev OCP DVC EMTA J 2006 Contd.

21 EIA/EMP of Kasta East OCP

DVC EMTA J 2006 Contd.

22 EIA/EMP of North Dhadu Block

Electrosted J 2005 2006

23 Carrying Capacity based developmental planning of Damodar River basin

MoEF, New Delhi

G 1991 2002

24 Environmental Management Capacity Building – IDA aided World Bank Project- for Mining Sector

MoEF, New Delhi

G 1999 2005

* G- Govt. Sector * P- Private Sector * J- Joint Venture (Public/ Govt.+ Private Sector)

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