environmental product design of wood-plastic composites
TRANSCRIPT
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Environmental product design of
Wood-Plastic CompositesPhilipp Sommerhuber
Thünen Institute of Wood Research
SWST 2015 International Convention
08.06.2015
Resources
Pro
du
ction
Use
End
-of-
Life
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Marie Curie ITN – CASTLE
• Initial Training Network (ITN) forEarly Stage Researchers (ESR)
• 14 full time ESRs with international background
• 9 partner institutes in Europe
• Bioeconomy – understand demands of sustainability from thepoint of view of both sciences and the business world
• ESR 6: Life Cycle Assessment of Wood-Plastic Composites
• CASTLE conference in Barcelona in Oct 2015
http://www.castle-itn.eu/
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Agenda
• Market situation of wood consumption in Germany
• Potential secondary resources for WPC
• Mechanical characterization of selected secondary
and primary resources for WPC
• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) considerations for WPC
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Germany; imports are excluded; year = 2011Source: adapted from Seintsch & Weimar (2012)
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Competing demand for biomass, Germany
Consumption (domestic) = Production + Import - Export
Source: FAOstat; own calculation
Quo vadis?
• RenewableEnergy Directive
• Bioeconomy
Source: IPCC (2013)
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WPC production and use is increasing
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
NorthAmerica
China Europe Japan Russia SouthEast Asia
SouthAmerica
India
Mio
to
nn
es
2010 2012 2015
Source: adapted from Asta Eder & nova-Institut, 2013
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Key challenges for wood-processing industry … and for WPC in Germany
• Decrease of softwood availability (i.e. spruce, pine)
• Increase of hardwood availability (i.e. beech)
• Sustainable forest management and eco-functionality
• Volatile price situation for raw materials• Burning of fresh wood instead of material utilization
• Burning of waste wood which has high potentials for cascade use
• crude oil derivate
• Ecological optimization of products through pressure from society and political initiatives
www.baumkunde.de
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Environmental product design considerationsSecondary raw materials for WPC
Fossil fuelsubstitution
Competingdemand for
biomass
RenewableEnergy
Directive
Bioeconomy
Increase ofrecycling(content) Volatile price
situation
Cascade useof resources
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Germany; Imports are excluded; year = 2011Source: adapted from Seintsch & Weimar (2012), Mantau et al. (2012), Eder (2013)
Wood fiberdemand for
WPC 0.08 Mio m³
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Packaging waste sources – PotentialRecycled Plastics – Polyolefine (PE, PP)
10
4
0.07 0.10
2
10.03 0.04
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
PE PP
Mio
ton
nes
Europe
Total WPC demand
Germany
Total WPC demand
Source: adapted from Asta Eder & nova-Institut (2013), Consultic (2012), own calculations
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Potential vs. Availability of secondary plasticresources
31%
56%
13%
Material Recycling
Energetical Recycling
Recycling loss
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Packaging waste sources – AvailabilityRecycled Plastics – Polyolefine (PE, PP)
Source: adapted from Asta Eder & nova-Institut (2013), Consultic (2012), own calculations
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
PE PP
1,0
00 t
on
nes
Recycled plastics formaterial use
Total WPC demand
20%5%
Germany
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Source: Plastics Europe (2015) adapted from Consultic
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Design of experiment
Wood content 0 %-wood 30 %-wood 60 %-wood
Label A B C D E F
Waste wood AI-AII - - 29% - 58% -
Recycled HDPE 100% - 68% - 39% -
Virgin spruce - - - 29% - 58%
Virgin HDPE - 100% - 68% - 39%
MaPE - - 3% 3% 3% 3%
𝑊𝑜𝑜𝑑 + 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 = 100% − 3%𝑀𝑎𝑃𝐸 = 97%
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Mechanical characterization
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Mechanical characterization
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Mechanical characterization
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Life Cycle Assessment
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Key messages
• Future availability of suitable wood resources (particles, chipsetc.) for harvest timber production in Germany is questionable
• Volatile price situation of plastics (crude oil) and woodparticles
• Plastic and wood consumption is increasing - waste stream isincreasing
• WPC production is projected to increase
• A ratio of 30% recycled wood and 70% recycled HDPE isbeneficial in terms of mechanical properties of WPC andressource efficiency
• LCA and ratings by Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) will providefurther answers in terms of environmental product design
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Questions and further information
Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Sommerhuber
Thünen Institute of Wood Research
Phone: +49 (0) 40 73962-636Mail: [email protected]: www.ti.bund.de / www.castle-itn.eu
The research leading to these results has been supported by the EU through the Marie Curie Initial Training
Networks (ITN) action CASTLE, grant agreement no. 316020. The contents of this publication reflect only the
author’s/authors’ views and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information
contained therein.