ES Pre-Post Test Review Eric Angat Teacher Precession causes our northern star to change every few thousand years. Currently POLARIS is our northern star. Precession is caused by theuneven gravitation al pull. 1.Why does Earth experience precession? The moons orbit is tilted from the Earths elliptical plane. The Earth is unevenly pulled by the moons gravity. There are seasons because earth is tilted on its axis. 2.What causes seasons on Earth? The tilt of the Earths axis and its revolution around the sun produces seasons and not the distance. The sun is powered by the process of nuclear fusion. nuclear fusion happens when 4 hydrogen atoms fuse together to form helium and sunlight. 3. How does the Sun produce its energy? Four Hydrogen ( H ) nuclei combine through nuclear fusion into helium (He). H H Sunlight Is necessary for photosynthesis to happen. 4. How is solar energy essential to plants? Solar energy is converted to chemical energy called photosynthesis. ( photosynthesis-plant produce food). 5. How does the suns energy affect food webs on Earth? Sunlight stimulate plant cells to produce food by photosynthesis. Without the food produced by plants, herbivores will die, followed by the carnivores, then omnivores. 6. How does the subduction of crustal plates influence the rock cycle? The processes of heating and melting of rocks produce new rocks. underground 7. Why are seismic waves of an earthquake more strongly felt at the epicenter of an earthquake? because the epicenter is directly above the focus, the place inside the earth where the earthquake starts 8. Based on the picture, Approximately when did the fault occur? Faulting occurred after layer B was deposited 9. Which among the alternative supply of energy is non renewable? Nuclear energy is the only alternative type of energy that is non-renewable. 10. Why are wind, water, and gravity major agents of erosion rather than weathering? Erosion involves movement of earth materials from one location to another 11. The best way to solve the problem of wetland erosion is ____________. add sediments, plantings, monitor plantings 12. How can contour plowing prevent mass-movement events? Contour plowing slows down run off and erosion. 13. How does the replacement of large land areas with concrete and asphalt affect the land? Concrete and asphalt increase erosion of sediments by increasing runoff, erosion, and flooding. 14. Why does mining of coal and other natural resources often result in environment pollution? Mining creates waste material which can flow into streams and pollute lakes. 15. Of the following, which energy source produces the least amount of solid waste? a.coal b.natural gas c.oil d.peat natural gas is used for cooking and is odorless. 16. How is the balance of heat energy maintained in the oceans? Heat energy is cycled by currents between the equator and the polar regions. 17. In what type of soil would seepage of groundwater into streams occur the slowest? a.fine sand c. gravel b.fine clay d. silt fine clay 18. How would several wells in a given area affect the balance of groundwater recharge and discharge? The wells would deplete the groundwater which is usually supplied by percolation from rain( recharge). Recharge Deep well 19.When a sewer pipe breaks near a stream which would most likely occur? The stream will decrease in dissolved oxygen because sewage contains biodegradable materials that can cause the increase of bacteria that uses dissolved oxygen ( eutrophication). 20. Why do planes fly in the stratosphere, the second-lowest layer of the atmosphere? Airplanes fly in stratosphere to avoid storms and other weather events. 21. What is the relationship between air pressure and altitude? The higher you go the lower the air pressure, the lesser the air. 22. The earths atmosphere is mainly composed of which three gases? 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and Argon, CO 2 23. How does a cold front form? Cold air advances, forcing warm air to rise forming cumulonimbus clouds. 24. How are hurricanes and tornadoes related to air masses? They form where cold air mass meets warm air mass. 25. Which direction is the wind blowing at this weather station? northeast N E S W Temperature=76 Air Pressure=138 Dew point=55 26. On an August afternoon in North Carolina, the barometric pressure is inches and falling. What weather condition is likely to happen? Precipitation or even an imminent storm is coming if the air pressure is decreasing. 27. Where would the highest amounts of acid rain most likely be found? Rural or Urban(city)? In urban areas because of non-point pollution. 28. What is the major difference between weather and climate? time 29. the average temperature in Raleigh, NC over the past 30 years. Is this an example of weather or climate? climate 30. What human activity that would be the most destructive to the biodiversity of the biosphere? The removal of plants from the food webs that they support would ruin biodiversity. What alternative energy technology could take advantage of land and sea breezes in coastal North Carolina? wind farms or wind turbines