Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

-Fuel for future?

Overview

Energy challenge

Why hydrogen and fuel cells

Hydrogen Challenge

Research and Development

Conclusion

Fossil Fuels

Demand

• Average energy demand growth rate is 1.8 % p.a.

Pollution

• 26 billions tons of CO2 yearly

Security

• Non-renewable

• Limited sources

Energy Challenge in transportation

Energy Crisis

Temperature rise and climate change

High fuel price

Why Hydrogen and Fuel Cell?

Hydrogen and

Fuel Cell

No carbon emission

Diverse resources

Exceptional safety records Low noise

and high efficiency

Secondary renewable

energy source

Hydrogen Challenge

Source

Electricity generation

Storage

Infrastructure

Source

Cost Effectiv

e

Carbon free

renewable

sources

Hydrogen Challenge

Fuel Cell

Robust, durable

yet powerf

ul

H2 to electric

ity

Cheap

Infrastructure

Chicken Egg proble

m

H2 refueli

ng statio

ns

Fuel Tank

Liquid H2 at -

253 degree C

Enough Capacity

Compressed H2 at

100 times NTP

Research and Development

Hope!

Fuel Cell

Cold Weather: Cell shut down, water vapor freezing

DOE: costs per kw of H2 power dropped by nearly 75 % between 2002 and 2008

GM: predict to reduce use of 80 g Pt to ~30 g (current price of about 60 $ per g)

Toyota: Highlander SUV -start up at -37 degree C

Past Drawback

Present

On Board Storage

Gaseous H2 : Getting enough on board would require ridiculously large tank

By 2015, DOE hopes to achieve 480 km

Hold enough fuel for the average fuel cell car to travel 320 km

Modern light weight carbon-fiber tanks, store H2 at 680 atmp

Past Drawback

Present

Production

CO2 emission

$4–5.3 /kg, compared with $1.7/kg for H2 from natural gas but expand the use of renewable energy : growth potential is enormous

Can be produced : renewable (hydro, wind, solar, biomass, geothermal)

Cheapest Source:

steam and natural gas

Plus

Adoption

Customer base, increase production and bring down

costs

NAIGT ‘s a road map to fuel cell vehicles

The NRC panel estimated that the U.S. federal government would need to spend about

$10 billion between 2008 and 2023 to develop a self-

sustaining hydrogen-fuel infrastructure

Conclusion

Central role in addressing growing concerns over carbon emissions and climate change as well as future availability and security of energy supply

Capability to produce green revolution

Require scientific breakthroughs and significant technological developments coupled with continued social and political commitment

Thank You

Questions?