esp bag filter

龙净环保 L O N G K I N G

Operation Manual of FE-type Compact Electrostatic Bag Precipitator

FE 型电袋复合式除尘器

使

用

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中国福建龙净环保股份有限公司

FUJIAN LONGKING CO．，LTD．P．R．C

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福建龙净环保股份有限公司 FUJIAN LONGKING CO．，LTD．

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目录 Contents 第一章概述...................................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER Ⅰ OUTLINE.......................................................................................................... 1

1. 电袋复合式除尘器的组成.............................................................................................. 1 1. COMPOSITION OF COEBP................................................................................................. 1 2. 电袋复合式除尘器的主要技术特点 .............................................................................. 1 2. MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COEBP............................................................. 1 3. 主要用途及适用范围...................................................................................................... 3 3. MAIN APPLICATIONS AND SCOPE OF USE. .......................................................................... 3 4. 术语.................................................................................................................................. 3 4. TECHNICAL WORDS........................................................................................................... 3

第二章电袋复合式除尘器的结构.................................................................................. 5

CHAPTER Ⅱ STRUCTURE OF COEBP................................................................................. 5

1. 进口喇叭及气流均布装置.............................................................................................. 5 1. INLET NOZZLE AND GAS DISTRIBUTION SCREEN ............................................................. 5 2. 壳体和灰斗...................................................................................................................... 6 2. CASING AND HOPPER ........................................................................................................ 6 3. 电除尘区，主要由阴阳极、振打机构、高压进线组成 .............................................. 7 3. ELECTROSTATIC DUST REMOVAL FIELD, WHICH MAINLY CONSIST OF DE&CE, RAPPING

MECHANISM AND HV SYSTEM. ..................................................................................................... 7 4. 滤袋装置.......................................................................................................................... 8 4. FILTER BAGS..................................................................................................................... 8 5. 清灰系统.......................................................................................................................... 9 5. GAS CLEANING PLANT ..................................................................................................... 9 6. 差压、压力、温度检测装置 .......................................................................................... 9 6. PRESSURE DROP ,PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE TESTING SYSTEM ................................... 9 7. 提升阀装置.................................................................................................................... 10 7. LIFTING VALVE SYSTEM ................................................................................................. 10 8. 滤袋保护装置................................................................................................................ 10 8. FILTER BAG PROTECTIVE SYSTEM.................................................................................. 10

第三章电袋复合式除尘器调试.................................................................................... 11

CHAPTER Ⅲ COMMISSIONING OF COEBP..................................................................... 11

第四章电袋复合式除尘器的运行................................................................................ 18

CHAPTER Ⅳ RUNNING OF COEBP .................................................................................... 18

一. 运行前的准备工作 PREPARATION BEFORE RUNNING .................................................... 18 二. 启、停操作过程 START UP AND SHUT DOWN OPERATION.............................................. 20 三. 运行中异常情况的处理 HANDLING OF ABNORMAL SITUATION.................................... 22

第五章电袋复合式除尘器的维护和检修 .................................................................... 28





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CHAPTERⅤ MAINTENANCE AND OVERHAUL OF COEBP .......................................... 28

一. 正常运行维护 DAILY MAINTENANCE ............................................................................ 29 二. 定期维护及保养 REGULAR MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE ............................................. 29 三. 安全注意事项 SAFETY ATTENTION ............................................................................... 30 四. 检修 OVERHAUL ............................................................................................................ 31 五. 故障处理 FAULT HANDLING .......................................................................................... 35

第六章电袋除尘器的润滑和润滑项目表 .................................................................... 41

CHAPTER Ⅵ LUBRICATION AND LUBRICATING ITEMS OF COEBP....................... 41

第七章电袋除尘器的易损件明细表 ............................................................................ 42

CHAPTERⅦ LIST OF VULNERABLE PARTS OF COEBP................................................ 42





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第一章概述

Chapter Ⅰ Outline 随着环保要求不断提高，新的排放标准已经提高到 50mg/Nm3 以下甚至更低的排放

要求。电袋复合式除尘器有机结合了电除尘与布袋除尘的收尘特点，在满足高标准排放，

适应各种工况变化的条件下，具有很高的技术先进性和很好经济性。With the continually increasing of environmental demands, new emission standard has been highly risen up, which below 50mg/Nm3 or even lower .The compact electrostatic bag precipitator (short for COEBP in the following contents) combines the dust collecting futures of electrostatic precipitator and bag precipitator, not only meet the high emission standard and adopt to all changes of working condition, but also has a highly technological sophistication and perfect economy.

1. 电袋复合式除尘器的组成 1. Composition of COEBP

主要设备组成有：Main compositions of device:

1）本体（由前级为电除尘区和后级为袋除尘区组成）

1) Mechanical body (with the front part as electrostatic dust removal field and the back as

bag dust removal field)

2）保护装置

2) Protective device

3）采用微机数字控制技术的 GGAj02系列高压静电除尘用整流设备

3) GGAj02 type HV rectifying device of electrostatic precipitator which adopts

microcomputer digital control technology.

4）阴阳极振打、脉冲清灰、保护装置 PLC控制系统

4) DE & CE rapping system, pulse cleaning system, PLC control system of protective

device.

2. 电袋复合式除尘器的主要技术特点 2. Main technical characteristics of COEBP

1) 能捕集高比电阻粉尘，除尘效率具有高效性和稳定性

1) Collecting high specific resistivity dust, removing dust with high efficiency and

stability.

电袋复合式除尘器的除尘性能不受煤种、烟灰特性影响，容易实现微量排放，对





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高比电阻烟尘捕集能力强，可实现微量排放，排放浓度可长期稳定在 30mg/Nm3以下。

The performance of COEBP can not be influenced by coal categories and flue dust

characteristics, can easily realize micro-emission, has a stronger collecting ability of

high resistivity dust, with an stable micro-emission concentration which can below

30mg/ Nm3 in a long time.

2) 运行阻力比常规布袋除尘器低，风机能耗小。

2) Running resistance is lower than regular fabric filter, and with lower blower

energy consumption.

前级电除尘区的收尘效率可达到 80-90%，滤袋粉尘的负荷量小（只有进口浓度

的 1/10左右），带电粉尘沉积在布袋表面形成空隙率高、排列有序的粉尘层，系统的

阻力相对纯布袋除尘器运行阻力低，风机能耗小。The front part of electrostatic dust

removing efficiency can up to 80-90%, with a low dust deposited on filter bag (about 1/10

of inlet concentration), the charged dust deposited on the filter bag surface can form a dust

layer with high porosity and organized arrangement. The system resistance is lower than

the pure fabric filter, and with a low blower energy consumption.

3) 滤袋粉尘量少、清灰周期长、气源能耗小。

3) Few dust deposited on the filter bag, long dust cleaning period and lower air

supply energy consumption.

与常规布袋除尘器比较，电袋的清灰周期时间是常规布袋除尘器的 3-5倍，压缩

空气消耗量不到常规的 1/3。Compared with regular fabric filter, the COEBP has 3-5

times more dust cleaning period than the regular one, but the compressed air consumption

is less than 1/3 of the regular fabric filter.

4) 延长滤袋使用寿命。

4) Extent the service year of filter bag.

烟尘中的粗颗粒粉尘经过前级电场沉降和收集后，剩余细微粉尘随烟气缓慢进入

后级布袋除尘区，避免了烟气中粗颗粒磨损滤袋；The coarse particle dust in the flue gas

are sedimentated and collected by the front electric field ,the remained small particle along

with flue gas can fly into of the back part of bag dust removal field, which avoid coarse

particle in flue gas wearing filter bag; 运行阻力低降低滤袋的负荷压力；清灰周期长减

少滤袋清灰次数，这些都是延长滤袋使用寿命的有利因素。只要运行维护得当，在相

同运行条件下电袋复合式除尘器的滤袋的使用寿命是常规布袋除尘器的数倍以上。





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Low running resistance can decline the loading pressure of filter bag; Long cleaning period

reduces the cleaning number of filter bag, all of these are the positive factors for extending

bag’s service life .Under the same running condition, as long as maintain and run properly,

the service life of COEBP is several times longer than regular fabric filter。

5) 运行维护费用低。

5) Low operation maintenance cost.

在相同的条件下与纯布袋除尘器比较，电袋复合式除尘器由于过滤风速高、运行

阻力低、清灰周期长等优点。因此其可较大幅度减低布袋系统配制和空气消耗量，降

低运行费用，延长布袋使用寿命。While under the same condition, compared with the

pure fabric filter, the COEBP has the advantages such as high filtration velocity, low

running resistance and long cleaning cycle and so on, therefore it can greatly reduce the

baghouse system and air consumption, lower running cost and extent the service life of

filter bag.

3. 主要用途及适用范围 3. Main applications and scope of use.

电袋复合式除尘器主要应用于排放要求在 50mg/Nm3以下的燃煤锅炉、建材、冶

金、化工等行业炉窑工业烟尘收集。对高比阻粉尘，采用电除尘器很难达标的改造工

程更显优越性。The COEBP mainly applied to collect dust in furnace industries which

have an emission requirement under 50mg/Nm3, such as coal-fired boilers, building,

metallurgy and chemical industries. It shows more superiority on collecting high specific

resistivity dust in the rebuild projects which electrostatic precipitator is hard to achieve.

4. 术语

4. Technical words n 电场风速Wind speed of electric field：指流经电除尘区断面的烟气流速，表示单位

为 m/s. It’s the flue flow pass through the cross section of electrostatic dust removal

field, with a unit as m/s.

n 过滤风速 Filtration velocity ：Or say air /cloth ratio也称气布比，指烟气透过滤袋

的过滤速度，或反映单位滤袋面积处理烟气量的关系，表示单位为 m/min. Filtering

velocity of flue pass through the filter bag ,or reflect the relationship of disposing gas

capacity per filter bag area ,with a unit as m/min。

n 分室 chamber：The unit which consists of some organized filter bags inside the

COEBP is called chamber, each COEBP consists of several chambers, which are





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separated by baffle board in construction, and each chamber is a chamber of

COEBP. 在除尘器内部由若干数量滤袋有规律排列组成的单元称为室，单台布袋

除尘器由若干数量的室组成，结构上室之间采用隔板分开，每个室是除尘器的一

个分室。

n 单、双列：Single /Double row:指烟气沿除尘器进出方向依次布置分室，烟气轴线

有左右布置分室的称为双列，反之称为单列。Arrange compartments along the

inlet /outlet direction of precipitator, while there are two chambers on the both

sides along the flue axis are called double row, otherwise is single row.

n 总过滤面积 Total filtration area：指单台除尘器滤袋面积的总和为总过滤面积，

单位为 m2 All the filter bag’s area of a COEBP, with a unit as m2。

n 单室过滤面积 Filtration area of single chamber：指每个分室滤袋面积的总和，单

位为 m2；Total areas of filter bag in one chamber, with a unit as m2.分室过滤面积

的累积等于总过滤面积。All the chambers’ filtration areas are equal to the total

filtration area.

n 脉冲喷吹 Pulse jet blowing：指滤袋清灰的类型方式，清灰气流具有一定压力的瞬

间脉冲。which is the deashing type of filter bag, the cleaning flow has an

instantaneous pulse with a certain pressure

n 脉冲压力 Pulse pressure：指脉冲阀工作前与脉冲阀连通的气包所设定的压缩空气

压力，单位为MPa。Prior to running, the set compress air pressure of air vessel

which is connected to pulse valve. with a unit as MPa.

n 脉冲宽度 Pulse width：指导通脉冲阀电磁线圈的脉冲电信号的持续时间，单位为

s或 ms。The duration of pulse electric signal for conducting electromagnetic coil of

pulse valve, with a unit as s or ms.

n 脉冲间隔 Pulse interval：指顺序工作的脉冲阀之间的间隔时间，单位为 s。The

interval time between two adjacent pulse valves, with a unit as s .

n 清灰周期 Cleaning period：指滤袋清灰起始循环到下一次所需的时间，也称脉冲

周期，单位为 min。The time counted from the initial cleaning of filter bag to the

next cleaning time, also called pulse period ,with a unit as min.

n 在线清灰 On-line cleaning：指滤袋在过滤烟气的同时进行清灰的方式。 Cleaning

dust when filter bag filtering the flue gas .

n 离线清灰 Off-line cleaning ：指滤袋停止过滤烟气时进行清灰的方式，离线清灰

一般需要除尘器有分室结构和切断分室烟气的机构。Cleaning dust when filter bag





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stop filtering flue gas, off-line cleaning requires that the COEBP has a

chamber-construction and a mechanism which can insulate flue gas entering the

chamber .

n 滤袋压差 Pressure drop of filter bag：指烟气在过滤过程时滤袋和粉层产生的阻

力，单位为 Pa。Resistance while flue gas go through the filter bag and dust layers

on the bags, with a unit as Pa .

n 糊袋现象 Past bag Phenomenon：指滤袋在使用过程中粉层与滤袋表面发生黏结，

清灰时粉层剥落不完全导致阻力超过正常使用范围的一种故障现象。糊袋一般出

现在低温运行时，在滤袋表面发生水油汽的结露使粉层的粘性增大。A failure

phenomenon during the usage of filter bag, dust layers and the surfaces of filter bags

have some adhesive, and the resistance is over the normal using range when dust layers

peel off incompletely. Such fault usually happens in low-temperature running, the filter

bag surface has water-oil dewing which increases dust layers’ viscosity.

第二章电袋复合式除尘器的结构

Chapter Ⅱ Structure of COEBP

1. 进口喇叭及气流均布装置

1. Inlet Nozzle and Gas Distribution Screen FE型电袋复合式除尘器进口喇叭具有扩散气体的作用，它必须防止局部积灰和满足结

构强度、刚度及密封性要求。进口喇叭的结构形式根据除尘系统工艺条件的要求可采用水

平进气、下进气、侧进气、斜进气等不同形式，其中以水平进气和下进气最为常用。The inlet

nozzle of COEBP plays a role of diffusing gas. It should has a perfect structure which can

prevent partial dust from accumulating on it. It must have a enough strength, rigidity and

tightness. Basing on the technical condition of precipitator, some modes of inlet nozzle can be

chosed. There are horizontal inlet, lower inlet, side inlet and skew inlet etc, among them the

horizontal inlet and lower inlet are most in common use.

进口喇叭处设置 2层或 3层气流均布板，可对电场气流均布以及辅助收尘起一定的作

用。气流均布板的结构形式很多，有格板式、多孔板式、垂直偏转板、锯齿式、X 型孔板

和垂直折板式等，目前使用最广泛的是多孔板式均布装置。The inlet nozzle installs two or

three layers of air distribution plates, which play a certain role on electric field’s air uniform and

aid to collect dust. The structure of distribution plate has many types, such as grid plate, porous





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plate, vertical deflection plate, zigzag type, X-type orifice plate and vertical table flap

etc .Currently the most widely used is the porous plate type device.

2. 壳体和灰斗

2. Casing and Hopper 2.1 壳体 Casing

电袋复合式除尘器壳体基本上由框架和板组成。它容纳阴、阳极系统及滤袋装置，是

电袋复合式除尘器的工作室。因此，必须具有足够的强度和良好的密封性能。The casing of

COEBP mainly consists of frames and plates. It is the working chambers of COEBP, which

includs discharging system, collecting system and filter bag units. Wherefore, it needs adequate

strength and favorable sealing property.

2.2 灰斗 Hopper

电袋复合式除尘器收集下来的粉尘，通过灰斗和卸输灰装置送走，这是保证电袋复合

式除尘器稳定运行的重要环节之一。The dust collected by COEBP will be sent away by

hoppers and ash discharging/conveying units, which is a key link to guarantee the stable running

of COEBP. 实践表明，由于排灰不畅造成灰斗满灰和电场短路影响设备正常运行的情况时

有发生，以及损坏电场的事故也有发生，因此，这一环节必须引起足够重视。Practical proved,

the abnormal running have ever took place such as the full hoppers and short circuit in electric

field, which caused by sluggish of ash discharge, even spoil the electric field. Therefore, it

should be paid enough attention to . 灰斗设计应满足以下条件 The design of hopper should

meet the following requirements：

a) 必须具有一定的容量，以备排、输灰装置检修时，起过渡料仓的作用。It should have

a certain capacity to play a transition can role while discharge /convey ash units are

overhauling.

b) 排灰通畅。Discharging ash smoothly. 斗壁应有足够的溜角，一般保证溜角不小于

60°，斗壁内交角处设过渡板，避免挂灰；为避免烟尘受潮结块或搭拱造成堵灰，

灰斗壁板下部可设置加热装置；灰斗上设有捅灰孔和手动振打砧或其它振灰结构，

以备万一堵灰时排除故障。The walls of hopper should have enough slip angle,

generally to guarantee it will not smaller than 60°. The transition plate inside the

hopper wall to avoid linking dust; For preventing ash plug caused by flue dust moisture

bulk or arch, installing heater unit on the lower part of hopper wall plate; There have

ash poking hole and manual rapping anvil or other ash-rapping structures for trouble





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shooting in case of ash plug.

c) 灰斗料位计特别是高料位计工作准确可靠，发生堵灰时及时发出警报，以便及时

疏通。Hopper level meter especially the high level meter should be accuracy and

reliable, for taking measures immediately, alarm in time when occur ash plug.

d) 电场下部灰斗内设阻流板，以防烟气短路。Install baffler plates inside the lower

hopper of electric field to avoid the short circuit of flue gas.

e) 灰斗加热方式一般分为蒸汽加热和电加热两种。The hopper heating type generally

divided into steam heating and electric heating.

3. 电除尘区，主要由阴阳极、振打机构、高压进线组成

3. Electrostatic dust removal field, which mainly consist of DE&CE, rapping mechanism and HV system.

3.1 阳极系统 CE System

阳极系统由 ZT24型极板、极板悬吊梁、悬吊装置、振打机构等构成。ZT24型极板采用 SPCC

冷轧板轧制而成，呈“W”型，安装时彼此相扣连接，上、下端均通过“W”型连接块分别与

上部悬吊梁和下部振打杆进行紧密连接，这样可使振打力有效传递并达到显著的清灰效果；振

打机构由传动装置、振打杆、振打锤等组成。阳极系统振打方式为侧部振打。The CE system

consists of ZT24 plate ,hanging beam of plate ,hanging device and rapping mechanism and so on.

ZT24 plate is rolled as “W” shape by SPCC cold-rolled plate , the top terminals will be connected to

the top suspending beam and also the lower terminal will be connected with lower rapping bar with

“W” shape connecting block, which can make rapping force delivery efficiently and get excellent

deashing effect; The rapping mechanism consists of driving device ,rapping bar and rapping hammer

and so on .The collecting rapping system adopts side rapping type.

3.2 阴极系统 DE system

阴极系统由阴极小框架、阴极吊梁、阴极悬挂系统及防摆装置构成。阴极采用桅杆式刚性小

框架结构，配置芒刺线，具有起晕电压低、放电特性好的特点。阴极小框架主桅杆上端与阴极吊

（砧）梁连接，吊（砧）梁上焊有振打杆，振打力通过振打吊（砧）梁传递到阴极框架和阴极线

上。阴极悬挂系统由：悬吊杆、支承螺母、球面垫圈、球面封头、支承法兰和承压绝缘子构成。

The discharging system consists of emitting small frames, emitting hanging beam, emitting hanging

system and anti-swing device. The emitting system adopts mast rigid small frame structure, equipped

with barbed wire, has low onset voltage, good discharge characteristics .The upper terminal of main mast

of emitting small frame is connected to the emitting hanging beam (anvil), hanging beam (anvil) has been





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welded with rapping bar, the rapping force will be passed through the rapping hanging beam (anvil) to

DE frame and emitting wire. The emitting hanging system consists of suspending bar, supporting nut,

spherical washer, spherical sealing head, supporting flange and press bearing insulator.

阴极系统采用顶部电磁锤振打清灰方式，振打装置由：振打杆（上、下）、绝缘轴和

电磁锤振打器构成，其中绝缘轴两端采用竖向锥套连接，具有装卸方便可靠、传力效率高

和使用寿命长的特点。BEL电除尘器可采用披屋式保温箱结构，配置绝缘子电加热，方便

检修维护。The emitting system adopts top electromagnetic hammer rapping deashing mode, the

components of rapping unit are as following: rapping bar (upper and lower), insulating axis and

electromagnetic hammer rappers. The both sides of insulating axis adopt vertical drogue

connection, which has the characteristics such as load and unload conveniently and reliably, high

efficiency of force transmitting and long service life etc. BEL type electrostatic precipitator

adopts penthouse thermal insulation box structure, equipped with insulator electric heater, easily

to maintain.

3.3 高压进线系统 HV system

高压进线系统分户内式和户外式两种，一般均配置有高压隔离开关、阻尼电阻、穿墙

套管等，高压进线配置护套管。The HV leading in system is divided into indoor type and

outdoor type, generally equipped with HV isolating switch, damping resistance, wall bushing

etc .The HV leading in system is equipped with protective bushing etc.

4. 滤袋装置

4. Filter Bags 滤袋装置包括滤袋和袋笼。滤袋是决定袋除尘器除尘效率和工作温度的关键元件，更

换滤袋的费用又是袋式除尘器的主要维修费用。The filter bag system consists of filter bag

and bag cage. Filter bag is the key component which affects the precipitator efficiency and

working temperature ,the charge of changing filter bag is also the major maintenance cost .因此

滤袋的工作寿命关系到除尘器的运行状态和成本。由于不同的滤料纤维成分其化学性质不

同，对粉尘烟气的工况、成分适应程度不同。Therefore the service life of filter bag seriously

influence the precipitator’s working status and cost. As the different filter fiber composition has

different chemical nature, the adapting degree of working condition and dust flue gas

composition maybe different.所以选择滤料时必须根据使用场合的烟气粉尘工况、成分等因

素进行选择，以保证滤料最基本的稳定使用性能.So it’s wise to choose the filters according to

the working condition and dust flue gas compositions in the applications, guarantee the most





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basic and stable operating performance of filter.表面处理能大幅度提高滤料的过滤特性和使

用寿命，同时也提高设备的综合性能。The surface treatment can greatly enhance the filter

features and prolong its service life, also improve the comprehensive performance of device.如

聚四氟乙烯覆膜滤料产生的表面过滤作用，有利于滤袋粉层的清灰剥落，有效防止糊袋现

象，降低滤袋运行阻力，提高滤袋的抗结露性能，减少滤袋与粉尘之间的摩擦系数，延长

滤袋的使用寿命。袋笼是滤袋的”肋骨”，因此它应轻巧，便于安装和维护，光滑、挺直使

滤袋不受损伤。Such as the surface filtering function of PTFE filmed filter medium, which is

helpful for the dust layers on filter bag to peel off, and effectively avoid pasting bags ,reduce the

running resistance of filter bags, enhance the bags’ anti-condensation point performance, decline

the friction coefficient between the bags and dust, extend filter bags’ service life. Bag cage is the

"ribs" of filter bag , therefore, it should be lightweight, easily to install and maintain. Bag cage

which has a smooth surface can avoid the filter bag being injured .

5. 清灰系统

5. Gas Cleaning Plant 清灰系统是布袋除尘器的核心技术之一，清灰效率直接影响除尘器运行阻力和滤袋寿

命。Gas cleaning plant is one of the core technologies in fabric filter ,the efficiency of cleaning

may directly impact on COEBP’s running resistance and filter bag’s service life .电-袋的清灰系

统采用分室结构和长袋低压脉冲技术，优先采用质量稳定可靠淹没阀，合理设计和布置清

灰系统气路的元器件，可方便地实现清灰方式和脉冲制度的选择和调整，以满足不同工况

的运行要求，以保证清灰系统高效稳定。COEBP adopts chambers structure and long bag low

pressure pulse technology, firstly adopts reliable and stable submerged pulse valve, reasonably to

design and arrange the components in air circuit, conveniently to realize the options and

adjustments of ash cleaning mode and pulse system. It can meet the running requirements in

different working conditions, guarantee the high efficiency and stability of gas cleaning plant.

6. 差压、压力、温度检测装置

6. Pressure drop ,pressure and temperature testing system 电气控制性能的高低对布袋除尘器的阻力、布袋的寿命、除尘效率有着直接的影响，

在大型布袋除尘系统中更为关键。采用先进的控制技术，保证控制系统的检测和输出控制

精度；采用完善的保护控制系统，保证设备的安全、可靠运行；采用差压、压力、温度检

测装置，提高设备自动控制程度和故障识别能力。The performance of electric control has a

directly influence on the fabric filter’s resistance, service life of filter bag, efficiency of





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precipitator, especially more important in large baghouse precipitator system. Adopting advance

control technology to guarantee the inspection and output control accuracy of control system;

Using perfect protective control system to ensure the safety and reliable running; Adopting

pressure drop, pressure and temperature testing system to enhance the auto-control extent and

fault recognition ability.

7. 提升阀装置

7. Lifting Valve System 通过模拟试验研究和工程实践，设计出最佳的各室阀口大小、提升阀的提升高度以便

得到合理的气流速度，减少除尘系统阻力。通过提升阀装置实现系统“在线检修” 、“离

线清灰”的功能。Through the simulating experiment research and projects’ experience,

designing the optimal size of valves’diameter in each chamber and the lifting height of lifting

valve, which for getting a reasonable flue speed and reducing the resistance of precipitator

system. Through the lifting valve system to realize “on-line maintenance” and “off-line cleaning

ash” functions.

8. 滤袋保护装置

8. Filter Bag Protective System 1) 预涂灰装置 Ash pre-coating system

预涂灰指除尘器在投运前给滤袋喷涂一层干燥粉煤灰，是防止系统启动时的低温油、

湿烟气粘污滤袋导致初始阻力增大或糊袋的一种保护措施。The so-called ash pre-coating is

that coat a layer of dry fly ash on the filter bag before put into service, it’s a protective measure

to avoid initial resistance raising or pasting bag ,which caused by low temperature oil and wet

flue stick on the filter bag .

预涂灰涂灰方法：The method of ash pre-coating

涂灰粉料为干燥的Ⅰ级粉煤灰，具体方法见预涂灰装置总图技术要求和涂灰主要参

数。The coating ash material is I grade fly ash, the detail method refers to the main technical

requirements of ash pre-coating system and main parameters of coating ash.

2) 旁路烟道 Bypass system

旁路烟道可以在系统烟气出现异常情况时保护滤袋，即系统在燃油点火、超高超低温

时烟气直接旁路到除尘器出口而达到保护滤袋的一种保护方式。旁路烟道的控制分为自动

控制和手动现场控制两种，具体操作按低压控制柜的使用方法。Bypass system can protect

filter bag when there is an abnormal condition in the system. The flue gas can be directly





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bypassed to precipitator outlet while the boiler burning oil or the flue gas with abnormal

( super-high or ultra-low ) temperature. The control of bypass system can be divided into

auto-control and mechanical on-site control, the specific operation please refer to the operation

methods of LV control system.

第三章电袋复合式除尘器调试

Chapter Ⅲ Commissioning of COEBP

为考核电袋复合式除尘器的设计、制造和施工质量，调试其动态性能，在除尘器全部

安装完毕投入运行前，必须进行调试工作。电袋复合式除尘器的调试工作由以下阶段组成：

除尘器本体调试、电气设备元件的检查与试验、调试前的系统检查与传动试验、高压控制

回路调试与空载试验、电场调试、清灰系统调试、提升阀系统调试、旁路烟道调试。

For checking the design, manufacture and process quality of COEBP, commissioning it’s

dynamical performance, while after installation and before put into service , commissioning the

COEBP. All the commissioning consists of the following steps: mechanical body commissioning,

inspection and test of electrical unit components, system inspection and transmission experiment

before commissioning ,HV control circuit commissioning and no-load test ,electrical field

commissioning , ash cleaning system commissioning ,lifting valve system commissioning and

Bypass system commissioning.

1. 除尘器本体调试

1. Mechanical Body Commissioning 除尘器的本体调试包括除尘器整体密封性漏风率试验；现场除尘器内入口断面冷

态气流分布均匀性试验；振打、料位、输排灰试运。The mechanical body

commissioning including precipitator air tightness leakage ratio experiment; cold air

distribution uniformity test for inner entrance section of precipitator on site;

commissioning of rapping, buck level and ash discharging＆conveying .

1.1 除尘器设备全部安装完毕后，在敷设保温前，应作严密性检查。一般可采用引

风机负压试验，消除全部漏气处，做到严密不漏。After install all the precipitator

devices, make a tightness inspection before laying thermal insulation. Generally

adopt induced draft fan negative pressure experiment, eliminate all the leakages, and

make no leakage left.





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1.2 新建除尘器要气流分布均匀性试验。应按要求选装测试点，作好记录，如不符

合均匀性标准时，应进行调整。评定除尘器入口断面气流分布均匀性的标准，

采用美国相对均方根值法（RMS）。New precipitator should process flow distribution

uniformity trial. Choose test points and make record conform with the requirements.

if there is any point which not meet the uniform standard, make some adjustments.

The evaluation of precipitator entrance section flow uniformity distribution standard

is the USA relative root mean square method(short for RMS).

1.3 振打传动装置，在安装完毕后，应进行试运转。运转时间不得少于 8 小时。要

求转动灵活、无卡涩现象。转动方向符合设计要求。在冷态下，振打锤与承击

砧的打击接触部位符合设计要求。Rapping transmission unit should have

commissioning after been installed. The working hour should not less than 8 hours.

Requiring flexible rotation and no jam phenomenon. The direction of rotation should

conform to the designing requirements. Under the cold working condition, the contact

position of rapping hammer and anvil blow should satisfy the designing requirements.

1.4 灰斗输灰要求气化效果好，输送量满足设计要求，不堵灰、不结块。Perfect effect

of aerification of hopper ash conveying ,the conveying capacity should satisfy the

designing requirements ,no ash blocking and no lump .

2. 电气设备元件的检查与试验

2. Inspection and Test of Electrical Unit Components 2.1 检查高压网络主绝缘部件，如：高压隔离开关、阴极悬吊绝缘瓷支柱、阴极绝

缘瓷轴、石英套管等均需经耐压试验合格 Checking the HV network’s main

insulating components such as HV isolation switch, DE hanging insulating ceramic

pillar, DE insulating ceramic shaft, quartz thimble etc ,all of these should pass

pressure test.

2.2 高压硅整流变压器在组装调试前，检查整流变的瓦斯继电器应进行排气。Before

the assembly and commissioning of HV silicon rectifying transformer, check the gas

relay of rectifying transformer and process exhaust.

2.3 检查高压隔离开关应操作灵便，准确到位。带有辅助接点的设备，接点分合灵

敏。Checking HV isolation switch, make sure that it can be operated flexibly and have

high accuracy. The device with auxiliary connecting point should be divided and

combined sensitively with the connecting points.





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2.4 检查电缆头，应无漏油现象。Checking the cables ,and make sure that they have no

oil leakage.

2.5 高压硅整流变压器调试前先测量高、低压线圈之间及对地的绝缘电阻值，应大

于 2000MΩ。并检查电流、电压取样电阻及其他元件的连接应正确。整流变调

试前应做 1分钟感应耐压试验。Before commissioning, the HV silicon rectifying

transformer should test the insulating resistance between HV and LV coil and both the

insulating resistance against ground, which should more than 2000 MΩ. Also check

the sampling resistor of current & voltage ,exam other components’ connection.

Process one minute conducting pressure test before rectifying commissioning.

2.6 电抗器调试前应测量线圈对地的绝缘电阻和各抽头之间的支流电阻。Before

process the commissioning of reactor, test the insulating resistance between coils and

ground ,also test the tributary resistance of all the stubs.

2.7 高压电缆调试前应做电缆油强度试验和直流泄露试验。Before the commissioning

of HV cables ,make cable oil strength trial and DC leakage test.

2.8 交、直流继电器均应按颁布《继电器校验规程》进行常规校验。AC & DC relay

should process regular inspection accordance with Relay checking regulation

2.9 电测指示仪表应按颁布《电测量指示仪表检验规程（SD110-83）》的规定进行常

规检验。Electric measuring indicator instruments should process regular inspection

accordance with electrical measuring indicator inspection regulation （SD110-83）

3. 调试前的系统检查与传动试验

3. System Inspection and Transmission Trail Before Commissioning 3.1 检查电气装置的一、二次系统接线应与设计原理图相符。Make sure that the

primary and secondary system wire connection of electrical devices conform to the

schematic design.

3.2 低压操作控制设备通电检查，主要包括：报警系统试验、振打回路检查、卸（输）

灰回路检查、加热和温度检测回路检查等。Electrify inspection of LV operation

control unit, mainly including: alarm system trail, rapping circuit inspection,

discharge (conveying) ash circuit inspection, heating and temperature measuring

circuit inspection etc.

3.2.1 报警系统试验 Alarm System Test

手动、自动启动试验时，其瞬间、延时音响、灯光信号均应动作正确，解除可靠。





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While manual and automatic to start-up trial, the instant, delay sound and light signal

should be exact and can be released reliably .

3.2.2 振打回路检查，其方法与要求如下：Rapping circuit inspection ,the method and

requirements are as following :

a) 手动方式。试转时记录启动电流值，测量三相交流电流值及最大不平衡电流值。

校准热元件整定值，分合三次均应正常。Manual mode .when process trial, make

record of trigger current value, measure the three phase AC current value and the

largest imbalance current value. Calibrate the hot components’ setting value; check it

whether can work normally after three division trials.

b) 检查锤头打击在承击砧上的接触点，其上下左右的预留值符合设计要求。转动灵

活，不卡锤、掉锤、无空锤现象。Check the contact point which hammer striked on

the bearing anvil, the reserved value of four directions should conform with to the

designing requirements. Rotate flexibly, no jam, no dropping hammer, and no

vacancy hammer phenomenon.

c) 自动时控(实时控制：real time control。时序控制 sequence control：)方式。由制造

厂家提出设计经验时控配合值，振打三个周期，时控应正确。Auto-real time

control mode. Design experience timed assorts values which are supplied by the

manufacturer, try to rap three cycles, and the timed should be correct .

d) 程控方式。按制造厂给出的设计程序，振打三个周期，程控次序和时序正确不紊

乱。Program control mode .Base on the designing program from manufacturer, rap

three cycles, the program control order and time sequence should be correct and have

no chaos.

e) 机务和电气检查合格后，连续振打试运行不少于 8小时应正常。After the mechanical

affairs and electrical inspection, continually to rap more than 8 hours, system should

still work normally.

3.2.3 卸（输）灰回路检查，其方法与要求如下：Discharge (conveying)ash circuit

inspection ,the method and requirements are as following :

a) 手动方式。启动时测量启动电流值、三相电流值。校验热元件的电流整定值。Manual

mode . Measure the trigger current value, three phase AC current value when start-up.

Calibrate hot components’ setting value.

b) 自动方式。模拟启停三次，应运转正常。至于热态灰位联动试验应在今后实际运





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行工况下另行调试。Automatic mode .Simulation of start-up and stop operation for

three times, system should work normally. The thermal ash level linkage experiment

should have commissioning in the further actual working condition.

c) 机务和电气检查合格后，连续试转 8 小时要求转动灵活，无卡涩现象。After the

mechanical affairs and electrical inspection, continually to flexibly rotate for 8 hours,

no jam phenomenon happens.

3.2.4 加热和温度检测回路检查，其方法与要求如下：Heating and temperature measuring

circuit inspection ,the methods and requirements are as following:

a) 手动操作。送电 30分钟后测量电流值，核定热元件整定值，信号及安装单元均

应正确。Manual operation: Measuring the current value after power-on for 30

minutes, checking the setting value of thermal elements, signal and installation unit

should be correct.

b) 温度控制方式。模拟分合两次，接触器与信号应动作正确。温度控制范围应符

合设计要求。送电加温后，当温度上升到上限整定值时应能自动停止加热；当

温度下降到下限整定值时应能自动投入加热装置。Temperature control mode:

Simulating divide and combine operation twice, the contactor and signal should act

correctly. The scope of temperature control should conform to the designing

requirements. Heating after power-on, system can stop heating automatically when

the temperature rises up to the top limited setting value; while the temperature

declines to the lower limited setting value it can automatically turn into heating unit.

3.3 高压硅整流变压器控制回路的操作传动试验。断开硅整流变压器低压侧接线的

情况下，作就地与远程分合闸试验，模拟瓦斯、过流、温限保护跳闸，传动、

液位、温度报警及安全连锁，风冷连锁等试验项目，其灯光、音响、信号均应

正确。Operating transmission test of HV silicon rectifying transformer control

circuit :On the case of disconnecting HV silicon rectifying transformer LV side

connection ,make on site and remote divide and combine brake test ,simulating the

test items such as gas, overflow, temperature limited shield brake ,transmission ,liquid

level ,temperature alarm&safety inter-lock and air cool inter-lock etc, thereof the

lamplight ,sound and signal should work correctly.





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4. 高压控制回路调试与空载试验

4. HV Control Circuit Commissioning and No-Load Test 4.1 高压硅整流变压器控制回路的调试，应按调试大纲程序和要求进行，一般分开

环和闭环两个步骤。HV silicon rectifying transformer control circuit commissioning

should be processed accordance with the commissioning outline procedures and

requirements, generally have open loop and close loop two steps.

4.2 高压硅整流变压器控制回路的开环调试方法和要求如下：The open loop

commissioning methods and requirements of HV silicon rectifying transformer

control circuit are as follwing:

（1）开环试验可在模拟台或控制柜上进行，在控制柜上对控制装置插件各环节静态

参数进行测量及调整时，应断开主回路与硅整流变压器一次侧的接线，接入 2

个 220伏 100W的白炽灯泡做假负载。The open loop test can be processed on the

simulating platform or control cabinet .while make measures and adjustments of

control unit parts’ each link static parameters on the control cabinet, should break the

connection between the main circuit and silicon rectifying transformer’ primary side,

and access with two 220 volt 100 W incandescent lamps as fictitious loads.

（2）送电后，测量电源变压器、控制变压器的二次电压值，应与设计值相符。After

power-on, measuring the secondary voltage of power transformer and control

transformer, which should conform to the designing value.

（3）插入稳压插件，测量稳压直流输出电压值，作稳压性能试验，记录交流波动范

围值，合格后可按说明书要求逐步插入其它环节插件。Insert the stabilivolt

card ,measure the stabilivolt DC output voltage ,do stabilivolt performance

test ,make record of AC fluctuating scope value , after passed all the test, insert other

links cards step by step accordance with the specification.

（4）测量记录各测点静态电压值，用示波器观测各测点实际波形与标准波形比较，

其电压值在规定范围之内，波形应相似无畸变。Make record of all the testing

points’ static voltage value ,observe the actual waveforms compare with the standard

waveforms of each testing point by oscilloscope ,the voltage value should in the

specialized range , the waveforms are similar and have no distortion .

（5）测量手动、自动升压给定值范围。Testing the ranges of manual and automatic

voltage boosting set value.





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（6）测量电压上升率，电压下降率的调节范围值。Testing the adjusting scope of voltage

boosting ratio and declining ratio.

（7）预整定闪络、欠压回路门槛电压值。Pre-setting flashover and under-voltage circuit

threshold voltage value.

（8）测量封锁输出脉冲宽度电压上升加速度，欠压延时跳闸时间值。Test the voltage

rising speed of blockade output pulse width, and the trip brake time in case of

under-voltage delaying.

（9）测量触发输出脉冲幅值、宽度（或脉冲个数）,检查与同步信号的相位应一致。

Testing the trigger output pulse amplitude, width (or pulse number), check whether

the phases conforms to the synchronous signal or not.

（10）手动、自动升压检查，可控硅应能全开通。Manual and automatic voltage boosting

inspection ,all the SCR should be opened

4.3 高压硅整流变压器控制回路的闭环调试方法和要求：接入硅整流变压器和空载

电除尘器。The close loop commissioning methods and requirements of HV silicon

rectifying transformer control circuit: access with silicon rectifying transformer and

electrostatic precipitator with no load .

5. 冷态、无烟电场负载调试

5. Cold condition and non-flue-gas electric field load commissioning . 空载调试合格后，可进行冷态、无烟电场（又称冷空电场）负载试验。冷空电场

调试顺序是：先投入加热、振打、卸、输灰、温度检测等低压控制设备，待各设备调

试运行正常后，在投入高压硅整流设备，进行升压调试，一般从末级电场开始往前进

行。After pass the no-load test, process cold condition and non- flue-gas electric field(Also

known as clod air electric field ) load test. The commissioning sequences of cold air electric

field are as following :firstly apply LV devices such as heater ,rapping unit , ash discharging

and conveying unit, temperature test unit etc, After all these devices work normally in

commissioning ,then apply HV silicon rectifying transformer devices to process voltage

boosting commissioning which always start from the last field to the first one .

6. 热态、额定负载工况下参数整定及特性试验

6. Parameter setting and characteristics test under thermal and rated load condition.

6．1电除尘器经过上述冷空电场升压试验后，电气设备则已具备投入通烟气运行的条





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件。此时机务部分尚应具备以下条件：The electrical device of electrostatic precipitator

which passed the above cold air electric field voltage boosting test have their qualifies to

work with flue gas. At this time, the mechanical affair parts still qualify for the following

conditions:

（1）除尘器进、出口烟道全部装完，锅炉具备运行条件，引风机试运完毕。The inlet

and outlet flue of precipitator should be installed completely, the boiler qualify to

work, also the induced draft fan has been passed trials.

（2）卸、输灰系统全部安装完毕。Finishing installing all the ash discharging and

conveying system completely.

6．2除尘器通烟气。严密封闭个人孔门，开启低压供电设备加热系统，使各绝缘子温

度达到烟气露点以上，保证各绝缘子不受潮或结露，以免引起爬电。Precipitator connects

with flue gas. Tightly close manholes, open the heating system of LV power supply

devices ,make all the insulators’ temperature over the dew point of flue gas, guarantee each

insulator has no damp and condensation point and avoid power creep.

第四章电袋复合式除尘器的运行

Chapter Ⅳ Running of COEBP

1. 运行前的准备工作

1. Preparation before running. 一台电袋复合式除尘器经过安装、调试后进入负荷运行，之前应具备以下投运

条件。A COEBP should first through installation, commissioning and then turn into

running with load, before formally working it should be qualified with the following

running condition.

1、对除尘器内部进行全面检查，在前级电场内部和布袋除尘器滤袋之间不得有任

何杂物粘挂，尤其检查电场两极之间是否有短路隐患。Overall inspect the precipitator’s

inner, there should be no sundries adhesive between the internal of front field and

baghouse precipitator‘s filter, especially check whether there is any hidden dangers of

short circuit between the two polarizations of field.

2、检查前级电场所有绝缘件表面是否清洁、结露或损坏，否则用无水酒精去污或

用干棉布擦拭干净，有破损则及时更换； Checking whether there is any





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sundries ,condensation point and damage on all the insulator’s surfaces in the front electric

field ,otherwise, clean them with ethanol or dry cotton , change in timely if there is any

damage.

3、接地装置及其它安全设施必须安全可靠；检查阴阳极振打器各转点、电机、减速机

是否转动灵活和润滑情况，检查灰斗卸料机构的运转正常，这些机构必须运转正常；

The grounding device and other security facilities should be safety and reliable ; check

whether each turning point, electrical machine and reducer of DE and CE can turn flexible

or not ,also check the lubrication situations, exam hopper’s ash-discharge mechanism ,all

these mechanisms should work normally.

4、卸灰机构和输灰机构（输灰系统）必须正常运行；The ash discharging and conveying

mechanism (ash conveying system )should work normally;

5、要求场地清理干净，道路畅通，各操作巡查平台、走道扶手完整、照明充足，各转

动机构外面有护罩或挡板，所有进入高压电场的检修人孔门等均应有明显的安全标

志，电气安全联锁要完好，控制室应有有效的降温、防尘及防火措施；Require that all

the spot should be clean, no block on the road, all the operation inspecting platform and

walkway railings should be erected and have adequate lighting, equipped with shields and

baffles outside of all the rotating mechanisms , manholes for entering the HV electric field

should have an obvious safety marks , electrical safety inter-lock is intact, the control

cabinets should have effective measures for cooling , dustproof and fireproof.

6、滤袋安装前必须具备预涂灰条件和系统风机、烟道能启动、畅通；Before install the

filter bag ,system should be qualified with ash pre-coating condition , the induced draft fan

can work well and all the flues is finished;

7、滤袋安装后，应对滤袋和壳体，滤袋和分隔板之间的底部进行检查，不得搭碰；After

finish the filter bag installing, make an inspection on the bottom between filter bag and

casing, also between filter bag and sectional clapboard , all these should not touch each

other.

8、检查完除尘器本体后关闭并锁紧所有的人孔门；Close and lock all the manholes after

exam the precipitator’s mechanical body.

9、压缩空气系统工作必须正常，清灰系统各开关位置正确，压力表、压差计显示正常；

Compressed air system should work normally, all the switches’ position of ash cleaning

system should be correct, pressure meter and pressure drop meter should display normally.





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10、检查清灰系统的气路密封性，必须无泄漏，检查脉冲阀动作情况，必须动作均匀灵

活；Check the tightness of ash cleaning system’s air circuit which should have no

leakage ,inspect the movements of pulse valve ,and make sure that it should be uniform

and flexible.

11、如有旁路烟道的，其旁路阀密封良好，并处于关闭状态。If there is any bypass, the

tightness of bypass valve should be well and on the close state.

12、在点炉或系统开机前 12~24小时，投入保温箱加热，避免绝缘件因结露而爬电。12-24

hours before start boiler, open insulator’s heater to avoid insulation components have

power creep which caused by condensation.

13、在点炉或系统开机前 12~24小时，投入灰斗加热，以防止出现灰斗结露或灰受潮引起

搭桥或堵灰现象。12-24 hours before start boiler, apply hopper heater to avoid the touch

bridge or ash block phenomenon caused by the condensation of hopper or ash moisture.

14、新滤袋在第一次投运前，或锅炉停炉冷却后开机前，必须对滤袋进行预涂灰保护。

涂灰方法和参数详见该部件总图技术要求。预涂灰必须在确定主机点炉的当天完成。

当滤袋预涂灰后主机又出现一时无法点火时，必须开启清灰系统，把滤袋灰层清除，

在下次主机开机前再预涂灰，这样可以防止滤袋表面灰层潮解糊袋。Before the first

time to be put into service, or before the boot-strap after boiler stop to cool, the new filter

bag should process pre-coating shield. Coating method and parameters refer to the

technical requirements of this components’ main drawing. Pre-coating should be finished

on the day of start boiler. While the boiler appears hard to ignition temporarily, open the

ash cleaning system, remove the dust layer on the surface of filter bag and process ash pre

–coating before the next start boiler for preventing the dust layer deliquescence and paste

bag.

15、对循环流化床锅炉，由于燃油助燃时间较长，为防止滤袋受油烟的影响，需准备好

在此过程中喷灰的灰罐车等设备。As to the circulating fluid bed boiler which has a long

oil combustion time, for preventing the influence of oil flue on filter bag, prepare ash can

truck etc equipments on the course of spraying ash.

2. 启、停操作过程 2. Start up and shut down operation

1、启动操作步骤 The steps of start up operation

1) 锅炉点火前 12~24 小时前，投入保温箱内绝缘子加热装置和温度检测装置，观察加热





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情况应正常，电加热使绝缘子室温度高于露点温度 20~30℃。12-24 hours before the ignition of

boiler, put insulators’ heating devices in thermal insulation box and temperature detective devices

into service, observe the heating process and check whether it run normally or not. The

temperature around insulators should be 20~30℃ higher than dew-point temperature of flue gas

2) 锅炉点火前 12~24 小时前，投入灰斗加热装置系统。对于蒸汽加热系统在加热系统投

入前应充分对系统疏水。12-24 hours before the ignition of boiler, put the hopper heating system

into service. The steam heating system should have complete drainage before been applied.

3) 旁路阀处于打开状态，提升阀全部处于关闭位置。Bypass valves keep on the open

position, and all the lifting valves keep on the close position.

4) 在点炉或系统开机的同时投入各排灰、振打装置，开启相应的出灰系统. On the ignition

of the boiler or start up the system, put each ash discharging and rapping device into service ,

also open the responding ash discharging system.

5) 锅炉停止投油助燃升温，进入正常燃煤运行后开启清灰系统。The boiler stop supplying

oil for supporting combustion and enter into the normal coal-burning status, then open the ash

cleaning system.

6) 稳定运行后根据工况调整设定电场高压的二次电压、电流，通过设定后可以转换为自

动运行。After the system enter into stable running, adjust the secondary voltage and current of

electric field HV according to the working condition, then system can turn into automatic running

through such setting.

7) 根据烟气工况和运行的二次电压电流情况，调整阴阳极振打周期时间。Base on the flue

gas’ working condition and the secondary voltage & current during running, adjust the DE and CE

rapping cycle.

8) 根据压差情况设定布袋除尘器的脉冲清灰制度。Accord with the pressure drop to set the

ash cleaning cycle.

2、停操作过程（正常运行的停操作）Shut down operation (shut down operation in normal

running )

1) 主机停止后，按电除尘器停止运行操作步骤关闭电场高压供电。When the boiler stop

working, close the electric field HV power supply according with precipitator shut down

running operation procedure.

2) 保持电除尘器的阴阳极振打和后级清灰系统运行，连续清灰 10～20个周期。Keeping the

running of DE & CE rapping system and back grade ash cleaning system ,continuitly clean

ash for 10～20 cycles.





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3) 完成灰斗的卸、输灰后关闭低压控制系统。Close the LV control system after the hoppers

finish discharging and conveying ash.

4) 关闭系统风机。Shut down induced draft fan.

3、设备使用注意事项 Operation Attention.

1) 为防止开关烧坏等事故，不能在设备运行状态下转换电场的高压开关或直接拉闸；For

avoiding the switch burning etc accidents, not to change the HV switch or operate brake

directly under running status.

2) 整流变压器与控制柜之间的电流和电压反馈连接线必须使用金属屏蔽线，以防干扰；

The current and voltage feedback connecting lines between rectifying transformer and

control cabinets should adopt metal-shield lines to avoid disturb.

3) 高压设备运行时不得进入高压隔离室和除尘器本体。Not to enter HV separating chamber

and precipitator mechanical body while the HV units is running.

4) 在开始预涂灰、锅炉喷油助燃点火期间到锅炉升到正常炉温燃煤之前，禁止运行布袋

除尘的清灰系统，以防止涂灰层剥落，失去防低温结露的保护作用。Before the period of

ash pre-coating and igniting the boiler jet oil combustion-supporting till the bolier up to

normal coal-burnt, it is forbidden to run the ash cleaning system to avoid the peel off of

coating and lose the protection of shielding low temperature condensation.

5) 当锅炉喷油助燃点火时间过程超过 2h 时，应连续小量预涂灰。When the process of

boiler jet oil combustion-supporting exceeds 2 hours, should keep a small amount

pre-coating operation.

6) 在保证滤袋压差在允许范围的前提下，尽量延长清灰周期。If the filter bag’s pressure

drop don’t exceeds permitted scope, extend the ash cleaning cycle as long as possible.

7) 预热器后的测温温度计，要在故障（或磨损）后及时更换，以保证系统的正常运行。

The thermometer which installed on the flue back the air preheater should be replaced in

timely after failure (or wear) , in order to enable the system’s normal running.

3. 运行中异常情况的处理

3. Handling of abnormal situation 除尘器设备运行中会碰到一系列问题，如何恰当处理是电袋复合式除尘器运行难点之

一，从处理手段看，可分为三类，立即停运设备，酌情考虑停运及运行中进行调整。现将

碰到较多的问题归纳如下:During the running , there may appear a series of problems, how to

handle these problems properly is one difficult point in the running of COEBP .in terms of the

handling methods ,the solutions can be divided into three types ,such as off-stream immediately ,





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considering off-stream as appropriate and make adjustment during running .Now concludes the

common problems as following:

3.1 立即停运设备的情况 Instances of off-stream immediately

1) 电气方面 Electrical Aspects

（a）整流变压器及电抗器发热严重，电抗器温升超过 65℃，整流变压器温升超过 40℃或

设备内部有明显的闪络、拉弧、振动等。Rectifying transformers and reactors fever

seriously ,the reactor’s temperature boosting is over 65 ,℃ and the rectifying transformer

temperature is over 40 or the internal of equ℃ ipment has obvious flashover, arc-pulling

and vibration etc .

（b）阻尼电阻起火。The damping resistance is on fire.

（c）高压绝缘部件闪络严重，高压电缆头闪络放电。HV insulating components have a serious

flashover, HV cables are flashover and discharging.

（d）供电装置失控，出现大的电流冲击。Power supply devices are out of control and have

large current impact.

（e）电气设备起火。Electrical devices catch fire.

（f）其他严重威胁人身与设备安全的情况。Other cases which seriously threaten human body

and devices’ security

2) 本体方面 Mechanical Body Aspects

（a）电场内部异极距严重缩小，电场持续拉弧，绝缘子结露严重爬电。Heteropole reduce

seriously in the electric field, electric field continually discharge, insulators have serious

condensation and power creep.

（b）锅炉烟气发生温度陡升，上升到 190℃以上，控制系统紧急报警。Boiler flue gas’s

temperature swift rise to higher than 190 , ℃ and control system urgently alarm.

（c）锅炉出现爆管，烟气温度急剧下降到露点温度以下，滤袋出现糊袋现象。Boilers appear

bursting tube, flue gas’s temperature swift decline to below dew-point of flue gas, and the

filter bags appear pasting phenomenon.

（d）出灰系统堵灰时，灰面超过高料位继续上升时，为保护滤袋不被损坏应紧急停炉排灰。

Ash discharging system has been blocked, ash surface continually rise while it exceed the

high level, emergently shut down boiler and discharge ash for shielding the filter bags.

3.2 酌情考虑停运的情况 Cases of considering off-stream as appropriate

1) 整流变压器，电抗器发热严重，已过正常允许值。Rectifying transformer and reactor





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seriously fever and have been over the common permitted value.

2) 阻尼电阻冒火，供电装置出现偏励磁。Damping resistance belch smoke ,power

supplying devices appear deflection excitation

3) 可控硅元件冷却风扇故障而元件发热严重。Control silicon components’ cooling fan

appears failure and results in the serious fever of components.

4) 各电缆接头、尤其是主回路电缆头、整流变压器、电抗器进线接头发热严重。Each

electrical joint, especially the main circuit electrical joints, rectifying transformer and

reactor lead-in joints fever seriously.

以上几点在判定为环境因素并对设备构成威胁时要停运处理。When all these

above points are considered as environmental factors and threat devices ,stop running

and take the responding measures.

5) 开机时出现轻微爬电现象，运行一段时间后现象消失。Appear slight power creep

phenomenon on the boot-strap but disappear after running for some time.

6) 灰斗堵灰，但能及时疏通。Ash blocks in hoppers but can be discharged in time.

3.3 运行中的调整 Adjusting during the running .

针对设备出现的异常情况，采取一些特殊调整手段，是一种有效的解决办法，这

些情况有：Aim at the abnormal phenomenon of device , it’s an effective solution to adopt

some special adjusting instruments , as the following shown:

1) 当运行条件恶化引起电气设备过热，如高位布置整流变压器在酷热天气下运行而

发热严重、阻尼电阻过热，可控硅冷却风扇故障使元件发热严重时，为了保持电

场投运，可适当降低运行参数(一般通过调节电流极限来限流)运行。如前级电场

出灰能力下降，也可通过降低该电场的运行参数适当将灰量转移到后级。When the

deterioration of working condition cause the electric devices superheat ,such as the

rectifying transformer which is on the high position fever seriously and damping

resistance superheat under the sultry weather, SCR cooling fans failed and result in the

components superheat badly ,for keeping the running of electric field , decline running

parameters properly (generally through amending current limitation to limit current) .if

the front electric field’s ash discharging ability decline ,also can reduce the running

parameters of this field and turn the ash to back grade properly.

2) 振打控制方式的调整，当电极普遍积灰严重时，可适当增加振打频率，缩短振打

间隔；反之则可适当加大振打间隔。The adjustments of rapping modes, while the





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electrodes commonly have serious ash accumulation, increase the rapping frequency

properly and shorten the rapping interval; on the contrary increase the rapping interval.

3) 袋区滤袋差压长时间上升到 1200Pa时缩短清灰周期时间，以差压下降到正常为宜。

While the pressure drop of filter bag has risen up to 1200Pa for a long time, shorten the

cycle of ash cleaning, and it’s properly to decline the pressure drop to the normal level.

4) 排灰方式采用按高灰位自动排灰,过程中当灰位信号失灵时，可改为连续排灰，也

可根据电场运行情况，利用编程控制器来模拟自动排灰方式运行，使灰斗仍能保

持一定灰封。Discharging ash mode adopts high level automatic ash removing. When

the ash signal break down during running , change it for continue ash discharging, also

can base on the electric field’s working condition to take use of program controller to

simulate automatic discharge running mode, which can make the hopper keep a certain

ash level.

4. 运行值班制度

4. Running Duty System

1) 运行值班管理范围为电袋复合式除尘器运行情况的监视、纪录和保护装置的维护

保养以及出现异常情况时的跟踪和汇报联络处理。The manage range of running duty

including the monitor and record of COEBP’s running situations, the maintenance of

protective devices as well as the timely track and report to the management to take some

measures while there is any abnormal condition.

2) 严格监视供电装置的一次电压、一次电流、二次电压和二次电流、闪络频率。一

般每 2小时应记录一次。Seriously monitor the power devices’ primary voltage and

current, the secondary voltage & current and flashover frequency. Generally make a

record each two hours.

3) 严格监视锅炉预热器出口温度、除尘器进出口温度，一般每 2 小时应记录一次。

Seriously monitor the outlet temperature of boiler’s pre-heater and precipitator,

generally make a record each two hours..

4) 严格监视滤袋的压差、除尘器进出口压力、清灰压力、提升阀工作压力、脉冲间

隔、清灰周期。一般每 2小时应记录一次。Seriously monitor the pressure drop of filter

bag, pressure of inlet and outlet of precipitator, ash cleaning pressure, lifting valves’

working pressure, pulse interval and cleaning cycle. Generally make a record each two

hours..





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5) 每班检查测温温度计工作正常。Check whether the thermometer can work normally or

not each team.

6) 监视高压硅整流变的温升，油温不得超过 80℃，无异常声音，高压输出网络无异

常放电现象。Monitor the HV silicon rectifying transformer’s temperature rise, the oil

temperature should not exceed 80℃, and has no abnormal sound, HV output internet

with no abnormal discharge.

7) 检查各保温箱及灰斗加热器工作正常。Check whether each insulating box and hopper

heater can work normally or not.

8) 检查控制柜上各控制装置工作正常。Check whether each control unit on the control

cabinet can work normally or not.

9) 每小时应了解排灰系统工作情况。Master the ash discharging system’s working

condition each hour.

10) 正常运行期间除尘器及辅助设备发生故障或误动作，运行人员接到报警通知应立

即前往确认故障点，分析原因，联系处理。Precipitator and its auxiliary devices appear

failure or process false operations during the normal running, operator should head for

confirming the failure as soon as get the alarm notices, analyzing the causes and

disposing them.

11) 每班应对电袋复合式除尘器的设备进行全面检查，以及做好本岗管辖范围内的清

洁工作，详细记录本班运行中所发生的异常情况及设备缺陷，做好交接班工作。

Every team should make an overall inspection of the COEBP and do well of the

cleaning works of this jurisdiction, make a detail record of the abnormal conditions and

device defects, do well of crew change work.

12) 所有电机、减速机、轴承及外部各运转零部件每班均应检查二遍，各润滑点应定

期检查润滑情况，必要时应增加润滑油或润滑脂。All power monitors, reducers,

bearings and exterior running components should be inspected twice each crew, check

the lubrication situation of each lubricating spots regularly, increase lubricating oil or

grease when necessary.

5. 电袋复合式运行规程

5. Running regulation of COEBP

1) 严格按除尘器的操作顺序启停设备。Start up and shut down the devices strictly accord

with the operation sequence of precipitator.





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2) 严格监视前级电场运行的二次电压电流情况，以低火花率，稳定的二次电压电流

的运行状态为依据调整运行参数，并保持前级电场不掉电。Seriously monitor the

secondary voltage and current situation of front electric field ,make adjustments on

running parameters in the light of lower spark rate ,stable running status of secondary

voltage and current ,and keep the front electric field has no power-off .

3) 根据除尘器进口烟气工况调整阴阳极振打周期时间，当进口烟气浓度大，二次电

压高、二次电流小时适当的缩短振打周期时间，反之则延长。Adjust the rapping cycle

of DE &CE accord to the working condition of precipitator inlet flue gas, while the inlet

flue concentration is large, and the secondary voltage is high but with a low secondary

current, shorten the rapping cycle properly, otherwise extend it.

4) 严格按电袋复合式除尘器参数控制运行：Seriously control and operate accordance

with the follow parameter:

A. 滤袋差压：400～800Pa； Pressure drop of filter bag : 400～800Pa；

B. 除尘器进出口差压：900～1200Pa Pressure drop between the precipitator’s inlet and

outlet: 900～1200Pa

5) 严格按以下优先选择清灰方式：Seriously and optimally to choose ash cleaning mode

accordance with the following shows:

A. 在线清灰：为优选方式；On-line ash cleaning : It’s the optimal mode .

B. 离线清灰：不推荐使用，只有在烟气粉尘出现异常细粘时，且滤袋阻力大于正常

范围时选用。Off-line ash cleaning: Not recommended, only to choose it when the flue

dust appears abnormal fine adhesive and the filter bag’s resistance exceeds the normal

scope.

C. 定时清灰：为优选方式 Regular time ash cleaning : It’s the optimal mode

D. 定时+定压清灰：Regular time + pressure ash cleaning .

6) 严格按以下范围设定清灰制度参数：Seriously to set the cleaning system’s

parameters accordance with the following scope.

A. 脉冲压力：0.2～0.25Mpa，调整时从低往高；Pulse pressure: 0.2～0.25Mpa，adjust

it from low to high .

B. 脉冲宽度：0.15S（不随意调整）；Pulse width :0.15s (Don’t adjust it randomly)

C. 提升阀气缸工作压力：0.25Mpa ；Lifting valve ‘s cylinder working pressure : 0.25Mpa

D. 脉冲周期：30min以上； Pulse cycle : above 30 min





28

7) 严格按以下设定旁路烟道的工作温度点：Seriously to set the working temperature

points of Bypass system accordance with the following items .

A. 当烟气温度≤180℃时为正常状态，旁路烟道关闭，保护气路开通。When the flue

temperature ≤180℃, treat it as the normal statu, close the Bypass system and open the

shield air circuit.

B. 当烟气温度＞180℃时，烟温将对滤袋造成危害，控制系统打开旁路阀，关闭袋区

提升阀。此时烟气将直接排到除尘器出口。When the flue temperature ＞180℃,the

flue temperature will be bad for the filter bag ,the control system will open the bypass

valve and close the lifting valve in bag field ,then the flue go though bypass directly to

the outlet.

C. 当烟气温度恢复到≤160℃以下时，控制系统打开袋区提升阀，关闭旁路阀。此时

烟气进入除尘器为正常状态 When the flue temperature descend to ≤160℃,the

control system will open the bag field’s lifting valve ,and close bypass valve. Right now

the system is considered as normal status.

8) 严格监视除尘器各点的烟气温度、差压、压力情况，每 30分钟纪录一次，当温度

出现异常情况及时与职长或锅炉中控联络。Seriously monitor the conditions of flue

temperature, pressure drop and pressure of precipitator’s each point, make a record each

30 min, immediately contact with the supervisor or boiler mid-control while appears

abnormal situation.

9) 电厂对电袋复合式除尘器和锅炉燃烧工艺在管理上必须紧密配合，与中控制定明

确保护滤袋的规程和职责，尤其系统起停及故障时一定要事先或及时通知除尘控

制室。The power plant should be tightly cooperate on the management of COEBP and

boiler burning process, work with the mid-control to make an explicit regulation and

responsibility on protecting filter bag, especially when boiler is on the point of on-off

and failur , in advance or in timely to inform the precipitator controller .

第五章电袋复合式除尘器的维护和检修

ChapterⅤ Maintenance and Overhaul of COEBP

电袋复合式除尘器的电控设备的操作必须严格按供电设备说明书进行，操作人员必须





29

熟悉电除尘原理、布袋除尘器原理、结构性能及操作规章，电袋复合式除尘器运行时应关

闭人孔门并挂上写有“高压危险”字样的警告。The operation of electric control device of

COEBP should be processed seriously accord with the power supplying device’s specification,

the operator should be familiar with precipitator’s principle, baghouse precipitator‘s principle,

structure performance and operating regulation, close the manhole and hang up an warning board

with word of “HV dangerous” while the precipitator is running.

1. 正常运行维护 1. Daily maintenance

按运行值班制度正常运行维护 Process the normal running maintenance in the light

of running duty system .

2. 定期维护及保养 2. Regular maintenance and service 1) 定期检查振打装置运行正常，锤头敲击在振打砧中心区域有效位置。Regularly to

inspect the rapping devices, the hammer should knock on the effective zone of rapping

anvil’s central range.

2) 凡遇除尘器临时停用时，各加热装置应继续保持工作。Once the COEBP has

temporary stoppage, each heating unit should keep working.

3) 临时停机期间，各振打装置应连续振打 10小时以上后停止。During the period of

temporary stoppage, each rapping unit stops working after continually rap more than10

hours.

4) 每班打开布袋清灰系统气包底部的球阀一次，以卸放气包内的压缩空气产生的冷

凝水。Each crew open the ball valve on the bottom of air vessel of ash cleaning system

once, drain the condensation water generated by the compressed air inside of the air

vessel,

5) 定期检查布袋清灰系统中各个脉冲阀的动作情况，出现不动作的要及时处理。

Regularly inspect the movement of each pulse valve in the ash cleaning system;

promptly handle the defective valves.

6) 定期清洗提升阀气路三联件的过滤器，并定期给油雾器加入干净机油。Regularly

clean the filter of lifting valve’s air combination , and regularly feed the clean mobile oil

to lubricator.

7) 定期检查提升阀动作情况。Regularly inspect the movement condition of lifting





30

valve

8) 下列设备应由电气人员进行定期维护：The following devices need electric staffs to

take regularly maintenance:

a) 定期对高压硅整流变进行测试检查，测量其绝缘电阻，高压端正向对地应接

近于零，反向应大于 1000MΩ，一次侧应大于 300MΩ。Regularly test HV silicon

rectifying transformer ,test its insulation resistance ,the resistance of HV terminal

positive against ground should close to zero, with the negative one higher than

1000MΩ,primary side should be higher than 300MΩ.

b) 每年进行一次变压器油的耐压试验，击穿电压平均值应大于 35kV／2.5mm。

Annually process transformer oil pressure test once, the average value of

breakdown voltage should be higher than 35kV／2.5mm.

c) 每年应测量接地电阻一次，其值应小于 2Ω。Annually test grounding resistance

once, with its lower than 2Ω.

d) 每年应做一次故障跳闸回路动作试验。Annually make a malfunction trip circuit

action test.

3. 安全注意事项

3. Safety Attention 除尘器使用高压电源，在运行维护过程中，必须严格执行《电业安全工作规程》中有

关规定，应特别注意人身和设备的安全。HV power of precipitator should run seriously accord

with the relative regulations in the electric utility safety operation law; especially pay more

attention to the security of body and device.

1) 运行中禁止开启高压隔离开关柜，柜门均应关闭严密。Forbid to open the HV

isolating switch cabinets during running, all the cabinets’ door should be closed tightly.

2) 除尘器运行时，严禁打开各种门孔封盖，如需打开保温人孔门，应得到运行值班

员的批准，应做好切实有效的安全措施。Not to open all the manhole covers during

running, when need to open the insulation manhole, get the permission from operator,

and do well of efficient safety measures.

3) 进入除尘内部工作，必须严格执行工作票制度，并停用电场及所属设备，隔离电

源，隔绝烟气通过，且除尘器温度降到 40℃以下，工作部位有可靠接地，并制订

可靠的安全措施。如含有毒或爆炸气体情况时，不要马上进入电场，以防不测。

While work inside the COEBP, seriously process the working ticket system, stop to use





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the electric field and its auxiliary device, isolate the power supply and cut off the flue

gas, decline the precipitator’s temperature to lower than 40 , the operating position ℃

should has a reliable grounding, and make out reliable safety measures. when there is

toxic or explosive gas, for the sake of safety not to enter the field immediately.

4) 进入除尘器前必须将高压隔离刀闸投到“接地”位置，用接地棒对高压硅整流变

输出端电场放电部分进行放电，并可靠接地，以防残余静电对人体的伤害。Before

enter the precipitator, turn the HV isolating switch to “grounding” part, discharge by

the grounding bar at electric discharging part of HV silicon rectifying transformer

output terminal, and set reliable grounding to avoid the residual static electricity

injuring human body.

5) 即使电场全部停电后，事先没有可靠的接地，禁止接触所有的阴极线部分。Even if

all the electric fields are off power supplying, forbid getting in touch with all the

emitting part while there is no reliable grounding in advance.

6) 进入除尘器内部前必须将灰斗内储灰排干净，并充分通风检查内部无有害气体后，

方可开始工作。Before enter the precipitator, discharge all the ash in hoppers, and start

working after check that there is no toxic gas inside.

7) 电除尘区各部位接地装置不得随意拆除。Grounding devices of electrostatic dust

removal field can not be removed arbitrarily.

8) 电除尘区内部的平台由于长期处于烟气之中，可能会发生腐蚀，进入时须注意平

台的腐蚀情况，以免由于平台损坏而造成人身伤亡事故。The platform inside

electrostatic dust removal field may be corrosive as the long time in the flue, it’s

necessary to check the corrosive condition of the platform , avoid accident caused by

the damaged platform.

9) 在离开除尘区前，应确认没有任何东西遗留在除尘器内。Before leaving the COEBP,

make sure that there is nothing left inside it.

10) 运行场所应照明充足，走道畅通，各门孔应关闭严密。Operating site should have

sufficiency lighting, walkways have no block, and each manhole is closed tightly.

4. 检修

4. Overhaul 1) 小修Minor Repair

电袋复合式除尘器每运行三个月小修一次，主要是处理设备的内部故障，清扫电





32

场内部积灰，检查阳极振打系统运转情况并进行适当调整，检查电场极间距是否变形

并进行调整，擦净绝缘瓷件，排灰系统是否畅通，校正指示仪表，温度检测的准确情

况，检查清灰气路密封情况和喷吹管固定情况，检查滤袋、袋笼使用后的变化情况。

COEBP should has a minor repair once three months, mainly dispose the inner failure of

devices, clean the accumulating dust in the electric field, check CE rapping system’s

running condition and make some adjustments, exam whether there is any distortion of

electric field pole pitch and make some adjustments, clean the insulating porcelain pieces,

check the ash-discharging system, rectify the displaying instruments, inspect the accuracy

of temperature detecting, check the tightness condition of deashing air circuit and the

jetting pipe’s fixed condition, check the service condition of filter bag and bag cage after

been used.

2) 中修Medium Repair

运行约半年～一年左右进行中修，中修时间约 2 至 5 天，内容如下：Process

medium repair two days to five days after running for half year to one year, the contents are

as following:

a) 清扫电场内部积灰，检查电场极间距，使其误差不超过规定值。Clean the

accumulating dust inside the electric field, check the electric field pole pitch, and

make the deviation not exceed the specified value.

b) 检查内部构件，如发现有个别放电极线脱焊或断线，简单的办法是剪掉，时

间允许时应换上新的。Check the inner pieces, if there is any discharging line

sealing off or drop off, the simple measure is trim off, if time permited, replace for

a new one.

c) 检查阳极振打锤是否打在振打砧中心区域有效位置，如有偏差要进行适当调

整，检查振打轴轴承及锤的磨损情况，磨损严重应更换。Check whether the CE

rapping hammer can knock on the effective position on the rapping anvil’s central

zone, make some adjustments when exits deviation, inspect the wear degree of

rapping shaft bearing and hammer, replace for a new one when it has been

seriously worn.

d) 检查绝缘套管、瓷轴，如有破损应及时更换，以保证其绝缘性能，并作清洁

处理。Check insulation bushing and procelain shaft, for guaranteeing the insulating

property ,replace for a new one when exits some breakages, also clean them.





33

e) 检查清灰气路密封情况和喷吹管固定情况，检查滤袋、袋笼使用后的变化情

况。Check the tightness of deashing air circuit and the fixed condition of jetting

pipe, inspect the condition of filter bag and bag cage after been used.

f) 检查人孔门，检修门及法兰的密封性能，应严格保证其气密性。Check the

sealing property of manholes, access doors and flanges, strictly guarantee their

tightness.

g) 检查保温层及防雨设施是否漏雨。Check whether there is any leakage on the

insulating layer and water proof device.

h) 检查差压、压力管道的畅通情况。Check the passage clear instance of pressure

drop and pressure pipes.

i) 检查旁路烟道旁路阀密封圈状况，破损的及时更换。Check the bearing seal

condition of bypass valve on the bypass gas flue, replace for a new one when exits

breakage.

j) 电气设备和其它通用设备按其说明书及通用规定进行检修。Electrical device

and other general units should be inspected accordance with the specification and

universal regulations.

3) 大修 Major Repair

一般运行三年以上才进行大修，时间约 5~15天。大修内容是按上述中、小修内

容检查到的故障未能及时解决的，发现损坏、锈蚀的零部件及已到年限正常老化、磨

损的零部件需要更换的，根据设备状况进行一次较彻底的维修调整。大修前按下表进

行准备。Processing major repair when ESP has being run more than three years, with the

maintenance time for five to fifteen days. The major repair contents including the failures

which haven’t been disposed immediately in the minor repair and medium repair ,breaking

and rusty parts，normal aging and wear components which need changing ,make an

completely commissioning accord with the devices’ condition ,preparations of the major

repair are as the following：

检修

项目Overhau

l Item

工艺方法及注意事项 Process and Attentions

质量标准 Quality Standard

一、编制

检修计查看电袋复合式除尘器停运前电场运行参数计划由技术主管部

门批准，涉及重大安全





34

划Compile overhaul plan

（二次电压、电流、投运率、投运小时等），清灰

系统、喷水降温系统的运行参数，设备缺陷、上次

大修总结及大修以来的检修工作记录（如检修中的

技术改进措施，备品备件更换情况），Check the running parameters of electric field before the COEBP off-stream(the secondary voltage, current , running ratio, working time etc) , running parameters of cleaning system and water cooling system ,device defects, summary of last major overhaul and overhaul record after major overhaul (such as technical improving measures ,replacement of spare) 通过深入分析各项资料，编制大修计划：compile overhaul plan by analyzing all kinds of information : a、编制检修控制进度，工艺流程，劳力组织计划及各配合情况；Compile overhaul schedule, process procedure, labor organizing plan and each mating instance;

b、制定重大待殊项目的技术措施和安全措施细则。Compile the technical measure and safety measure code of large special item.

措施应由安监部门审

定。 Plan should be approved by the technical charging department, the important safety measures should be audited by the safety supervise department.

二、做好

物资准

备及场

地布置 Do well of good preparation and spot layout.

物资准备工作包括材料、备品配件、安全用具、

施工用具、仪器仪表、照明用具等的准备。Good preparation includes material, spare and accessories, safety appliances, working appliances, instruments & meters and lighting units. 检修场地布置工作包括场地清扫、工作区及物

资堆放区域的划分，现场备品配件的管理措施等。Overhaul spot layout includes spot cleaning, division of working zone and field of good storage, managing measure of spot spare and accessories.

安全用具需专职或

兼职安全员检查；电场

内部照明使用手电筒或

12V 行灯，需用 220V 照

明或检修电源时应增设

触电保护器，在人孔门

外醒目处装设闸刀，并

有专人临护。 Safety appliances should be inspected by the full time or part time safety staff ;Electric field inner lighting should adopts flashlight and 12V hand light ,need 220V to illuminate or set additionally electric shock protection, with switch blade on the striking part of access door and arrange special staff to monitor

三、准备

有关技

术记录

表格Prepare the relative technique recording table

有极距测量记录表格、电场空载通电升压试验

记录卡，以及作气流分布试验、振打加速度测定、

漏风率测定所需的记录表格（必要时）。Such as recording table of pole spacing measuring table , record car of electric field with no-load and on-power pressure boosting test d and the recording tables of gas distribution test , rapping acceleration test and leakage ratio test(when necessary)

四、做好

安全措

施 Do well of

严格按照有关安全工作规程办理好各种工作

票，完成各项安全措施。Strictly accord to the relative safe working regulation to deal well with all working tickets and all kinds of safety measures.

经工作许可人及检

修负责人共同在现场验

收合格。 Get qualifications both from





35

safety measures

working approver and overhaul supervisor on site

5. 故障处理 5. Fault Handling 电袋复合式除尘器在运行过程中一旦发生故障应立即进行处理。如下：

Dealing with the faults immediately during the running of COEBP. Showing as the

flowing:

一、前级电场故障原因及处理办法 The failure cause of the front electric field and

disposal measures. 序号

No 故障现象 Fault

Symptom 原因分折 Cause Analysis 对策Measure

1

一次电压、二次电压偏

低；二次电流偏小。一

次电流偏大很多，上升

快，与二次电流上升不

成比例。The primary voltage and secondary voltage are too low; the secondary current is too low. The primary current is super high and rise quickly, which is out of proportion with the secondary current.

整流变压器有匝间短路或硅

堆有存在开路或击穿短路。Rectifying transformer has turn- to- turn short circuit or the silicon stack exits open circuit or breakdown short circuit.

做开路试验，一次侧有电流出

现，即变压器内部有器件损坏，

偏励磁产生或短路。需吊芯维

修，更换损坏器件。Take open circuit test, if the primary side has current, there have some components damaged inside of the transformer, has deflection excitation or short circuit .Need hanging core maintenance and replace the damaged components.

2

电压上升，电流没有出

来，到正常运行电压

时，电压则开始下降，

电流才出来且上升很

快。The voltage rises without current, while up to the normal running voltage, the voltage declines, but with a current which rises steeply.

(1)烟尘比电阻太高，造成反

电晕； Super high specific resistance of flue dust ,which result in the back corona; (2)煤质及工艺操作不良。Coal characteristics and poorly operated

(1)悬窑增湿塔工作正常，降低

工作温度；Humidifying tower of suspend kiln works normally,declines the working temperature . (2)电厂一般改善煤质及工艺，

使煤充分燃烧，提高振打力。Power plant generally improves coal’s quality and process , ensure the coal has normal combustion, and enlarge rapping power. (3) 采用间歇脉冲供电。Adopting intermittent pulse power supply.

3

一、二次电压低，二次

电流小，一次电流非常

大，上升时一、二次电

流不成比例，一次电流

猛增与突变，可能快爆

熔，变压器有明显的异

常声音。The primary and secondary voltage are too low and the secondary current is small ,but the primary

(1)整流变压器低压短路故

障；The rectifying transformer LV has short circuit.

(2)整流变压器铁芯(包括穿

芯螺栓)绝缘损伤，涡流严重The rectifying transformer iron core (including worn core bolt)has insulation wear, vortices severity。

(1)更换低压包；Replace LV bag (2)重新做好铁芯绝缘。Remade iron core insulation.





36

序号 No

故障现象 Fault Symptom

原因分折 Cause Analysis 对策Measure

current is super high ,the primary current and secondary current are out of proportion ,the sudden rise, The transformer has obvious abnormal sound.

4

一、二次电流达到额定

值时，一次电压在

280～330V，二次电压

在 40～50kV，无闪络。The primary and secondary current are up to the rated value ,the primary voltage is in the range of 280～330V, with the secondary voltage in the range of 40~50KV, and with no sparking.

(1)粉尘浓度低，电场近似空

载；Low dust condensation, the electric field nearly like no load. (2)高压电缆与终端头严重

泄漏。HV cables and terminal joints leak seriously.

(1) 降低振打力； Decline Rapping force. (2)重做高压电缆与终端头。Remake HV cables and terminal joints.

5 —、二次电流、一次电

压正常不动，二次电压

指示摆动或停电后还

有较高指示。 The primary and secondary current also the primary voltage are normal still, the secondary voltage indication wiggles or still have high indication after power off.

(1)二次电压表动圈螺丝松

动；Dynamic coil screw of the secondary voltage meter loosen . (2)受到前电场带电粉尘影

响。To be effected by the former electric field ,

(1)重新校准。Recalibrate.

6 二次电流大，二次电压

升不高，甚至接近于

零。 The secondary current is great, but the secondary voltage can not rise, even near zero.

(1) 阴极线断线造成收尘极板和电晕极之间短路。The emitting line is of disconnected which results in the short circuit between dust collecting plate and discharge electrode.

(2)承压绝缘子内壁冷凝结

露，造成高压对地短路。Pressure bearing insulation inner wall has moisture condensation which causes short circuit between HV and ground. (3)阴极振打装置的刚玉瓷

轴破损，对地短路。Corundum porcelain shaft of DE rapping units has been broken and results in short circuit against earth.

(1)清除短路杂物或剪去折断

的电晕线。Clean off the raffles in the short circuit or trip off the broken emitting wire. (2)擦抹承压绝缘子内壁或提

高保温箱温度。Wipe the inner wall of pressure bearing insulator or rise the insulator’s temperature. (3) 更换刚玉瓷轴。Replace a new corundum porcelain shaft (4)更换损坏的电缆或电缆接

头。Change the broken cables or cable joints. (5) 清除下灰斗内的积灰Discharge the ash in the lower hopper。

(6) 清洁承压绝缘子、支柱绝

缘子、刚玉瓷轴。Clean the pressure bearing insulator, support insulator and corundum





37

序号 No



(4)高压电缆或电缆终端接

头击穿短路。HV cables or cable terminal joints has been broken and results in short circuit. (5)灰斗内积灰过多粉尘堆

积至电晕极框架。Dust level in the hopper is up to DE frame. (6)承压绝缘子、支柱绝缘

子、刚玉瓷轴受潮积灰引起

爬电。 Pressure bearing insulation, column insulation and corundum proclaim shaft have power creep because of the moisture dust. (7)反电晕。Back corona

proclaim shaft. (7)①改变烟气条件 Alter flue gas condition；②将烟气用水蒸汽进行增湿； Enhance humidification of flue gas by steam ; ③对烟气进行化学调质Process chemical condition of flue gas；④用脉冲供电 Adopt pulse power supply。

7 二次工作电流正常或

偏大，二次电压低，且

会发生闪络。 The secondary working current is normal or too high, but the secondary voltage is low and appears sparking.

(1)两极间的局部距离变小Partial space between the two electrodes declines 。

(2)有杂物挂在收尘极板或

阴极上 Sundries on the dust collecting plate or emitting electrode 。

(3)电缆击穿或漏电 Cables have been breakdown or has power leakage。

(1) 调整极间距。 Adjust electrode spaces. (2)清除杂物 Clean off the sundries。 (3)更换电缆 Alter cables。

8 二次电压偏高，二次电

流显著降低。 The secondary voltage is too high, but the secondary current decline obviously.

(1)收尘极或电晕极的振打

装置未开或失灵 Rapping system of collecting plate or DE is closed or failure 。 (2)电晕线肥大或放电不良The discharging line is too thick or to discharge abnormally。 (3)烟气中粉尘浓度过大Dust concentration of flue gas is too large 。

(1)检查并修复振打装置。Exam and repair the rapping system (2)分析肥大原因，采取必要措

施。Analysis the obese causes and adopts necessary measures. (3)改进工艺流程，降低烟气的

粉尘含量。Improve the process flow and decline the dust capacity of flue gas.

9 二次电压和一次电流正

常，二次电流无读数。

The secondary voltage and primary current are normal but the secondary current has no indication.

(1)毫安表并联的电容器损坏

造成短路。 The paralleled

capacitor of milliammeter has been broken and results in short circuit. (2)变压器至毫安表连接导线

在某处接地。The connected wire between transformer and milliammeter is grounding somewhere. (3)毫安表本身指针卡住 The

indicating needle of

查找原因，消除故障。Analysis causes and dispose the failure.





38

序号 No



milliammeter is stocked。

10 二次电流不稳定，毫安

指针急剧摆动。 The

secondary current is unstable, milliammeter’s needle wiggle violently

(1)电晕线折断，其残留段受

气流影响摆动。The corona

wire is breakage and the remained part is wiggled by the flue. (2)烟气湿度过大，造成粉尘

比电阻值下降。The moisture

of flue is too high and results in the decline of dust specific resistance. (3)阴极绝缘件对地产生表面放电。 DE insulation has surface discharge against the ground.

(1) 剪去残留段。Trip off the

residual wire. (2) 通知工艺人员，进行适当处理。Notify the technologist and solve properly. (3) 处理放电的部位。Dealt with

the discharging part.

11 —、二次电流、电压均正常，但收尘效率不理

想。 The primary and secondary current & voltage are normal but the dust collecting efficiency is not ideal.

(1)气流分布板孔眼被堵，气流分布不均。The holes of gas distribution screen are blocked and the gas distribution is uneven. (2)灰斗、壳体的阻流板脱落，气流发生短路 The anti-leakage baffles of hopper and casing are shed ,the airflow has short circuit。 (3)靠出口处的排灰装置严重漏风，进口风量超标。Ash discharging system near the outlet has serious air leakage and air capacity is over standard. (4) 粉尘二次飞扬 Entrainment 。 (5)烟气条件变化 The alter of flue condition。

(1)检查气流分布板的振打装置是否失灵 Check whether the rapping system of gas distribution screen is out of work。 (2)检查阻流板，并做适当处理Check the anti-leakage baffles and dispose properly。 (3)加强排灰装置的密封性，处理漏风原因。Reinforce the tightness of ash-discharge system and analysis the leakage cause. (4)a 调整振打强度，时间和周期； Adjust the rapping strength ,time and period; b改善气流分布 Improve the gas distribution；c 改进密封，调节闸板和整个系统，减少漏风Improve the tightness ,adjust the flashboard and the entire system ， reduce the leakage ；d采用湿式清灰 Adopt wet cleaning ； e 降低电场风速Decline the wind speed of electric field；f 在电除尘器出口设置收尘器 Assemble dust collector in the outlet of ESP ；g防止产生反电晕 Avoid the back corona ；h调整火花率控制 Adjust spark ratio control；i改善粉尘的比电阻 Improve the dust specific resistance。 (5)改善烟气条件 Improve flue gas condition。





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序号 No



12 闪络过于频繁，收尘效率降低 Spark-over is more frequent, the dust collecting efficiency declines。

(1)电场以外放电，如隔离开关、高压电缆及阻尼电阻等放

电。Discharge outside of the electric field ,such as isolating switch ,HV cable and damping resistor etc discharge (2)电控柜火花率没调整好The sparking rate of electrical control cabinet hasn’t been adjust well。 (3)前电场的振打时间周期不合格。The rapping cycle of the former electric field is unqualified. (4)工况变化，烟气条件波动很大 The working condition changed and the flue condition fluctuate violently。 (5)抽头调整不当 The stubs are misalignment。

(1)处理放电部位 Dispose the discharging parts。 (2)调整火花率电位器及设置为自动状态。Adjust the sparking rate potential device and to be set as automatic status. (3)调整振打周期 Adjust the rapping cycle。 (4)停炉后，进电场观察检查，消除放电异常部位 After blowout ,enter the electric field to exam and eliminate the discharging abnormal parts 。 (5)通知值长，调整工艺状况，改善烟气条件 Notify the shift-supervisor, adjust the working condition and improve the flue condition 。 (6)调整抽头位置 Adjust the stub’s position。

二、布袋系统故障原因及处理办法 Baghouse system failure causes and handling methods No Fault Symptom Cause Analysis Measure

1

预热器出口烟气温度

突然持续快速上升，控

制系统发出超温警报The temperature of pre-heater outlet flue steep rise suddenly, the control system sends out the overtemperature alarm .

锅炉可能出现尾部燃烧 Boiler may appear tail burning.

联络锅炉中控，当温度持续上升

且超过 190℃以上，应果断停炉，以防烧毁滤袋。Contact with boiler mid-control, while the temperature continuously rises and over 190℃, blowout at once, and avoid burning the filter bag.

2

预热器出口烟气温度

突然持续快速下降，控

制系统发出超低温警

报 The temperature of pre-heater outlet flue steep decline suddenly, control system sends out ultralow temperature alarm

锅炉可能出现爆管故障 The boiler may appear pipe-exploring failure.

联络锅炉中控，超过露点温度以

下，应果断停炉，以防发生结露

引起的湿壁、糊袋。Contact with boiler mid-control, while below the dew-point temperature, blowout at once to avoid the damp wall and past stack result from the condensation.

3

后级布袋阻力上升很

快 The post grade baghouse resistance rises steeply.

前级电除尘的除尘效率下降，

进入后级布袋除尘的粉尘浓

度加大 The collecting efficiency of the front ESP declines and the dust into the post ESP has a high concentration.

（1）前级电除尘器的运行状况差或发生故障，调整电场的二次

电压电流、缩短振打周期。The front electric field has a poor running condition or appears failure, adjust the secondary voltage &current of the electric field and shorten the rapping cycle.





40

No Fault Symptom Cause Analysis Measure （2）前级电除尘器故障一时无法排除，适量缩短清灰脉冲间

隔。Malfunctions in the front ESP can not be disposed immediately, shorten deashing pulse interval properly.

4 烟囱出口有明显可见

烟 The funnel export has obvious fume

（1）刚使用新滤袋还没有进入除尘稳定期 New applied filter bag hasn’t up to stable working period. （2）个别滤袋发生破损 Some other filter bags have breakage.

（1）新滤袋使用数周时间后除尘趋于稳定。The dust removing efficiency tends to a stable stage after been used for weeks. （2）检查差压小于异常值的分室，关闭该室提升阀进行封堵或

更换破损滤袋 Exam the chamber whose pressure drop is lower than abnormal value ,shut its lifting valve and close off or change the damaged filter bag.

5

某室滤袋差压明显偏

离正常 Pressure drop of a chamber’s filter bag obviously deflects the normal value.

该室发生出现个别滤袋破损Some filter bags are broken in this chamber.

见 4（2）处理方法 Refer to 4(2) measures

6

脉冲阀电磁线圈有导

通，但脉冲阀不动作Pulse valve electromagnetic coil has been conducted but the pulse valve fail to perform.

(1)脉冲阀外室卸压气路堵塞Pressure-relief air circuit of pulse valve outer chamber is blocked (2) 电磁铁故障Electromagnetic iron has malfunction.

（1）检查或清除脉冲阀外室卸压气路 Check or clean the pressure-relief air circuit of pulse valve outer chamber. （2）更换电磁线圈 Change the electromagnetic coils.

7 气包压力报警 Gas bag sends out pressure alarm

压力超过不在 0.2～0.25Mpa范围The pressure has exceeded and not in the scope of 0.2～0.25Mpa

（1）压缩空气气源压力或出力不够。Compressed air air- supply pressure or outlet power is not enough （2）气路出现较大泄露，密封泄露点。There is a big leakage in the air circuit, seals the leakage point. （3）减压阀活塞异物堵塞，清理异物。Reducer’s plunger has been blocked by foreign matter ,clean it off.

8 提升阀不能动作Lifting valve unable to perform

（1）汽缸电磁阀不能导通Cylinder electromagnetic valve is hard of conduction. （2）提供的气压不够 The supplying air pressure is inadequate

（1）更换电磁阀 Replace the electromagnetic valve. （2）检查气路 Check air circuit.

7

在气包处可以听到明

显漏气声 Hear obvious leaking sound on the air vessel.

(1)气包底部球阀关闭不完全Ball valve on the bottom of air vessel close incompletely. (2)气包联接件不密封 Air vessel’s connecting units hasn’t been tighten.

(1)关闭气包底部球阀 Close the ball valve on the air vessel bottom. (2)锁紧气包联接件 Tightly lock the air vessel connecting units. (3)手动导通脉冲阀,清除膜片出





41

No Fault Symptom Cause Analysis Measure (3)脉冲阀膜片出口有杂质Pulse valve diaphragm outlet has foreign matters.

口杂质，必要时关掉气包气源，

降压后拆下脉冲阀去除杂质。Manually conduct the pulse valve and clean off the foreign matters on the diaphragm outlet ,if necessary ,close air supply of air vessel ,pull out the pulse valve and remove the impurity after decline the pressure.

8

气缸换向阀呼吸孔漏

气 Breathing hole of cylinder reversal vale outgas.

换向阀内部活塞异物卡住Reversal valve inner plunger is blocked by foreign matter

用内六角扳手打开换向阀端盖，

取出活塞去除异物后恢复安装。Take inner hexagon to open the reversal valve’s terminal cover, take out plunger and clean off the foreign matter, then reinstall.

9 糊袋 Bag pasting 烟气湿度大、温度低引起结

露，导致粉尘与滤袋的粘性

大，清灰失效。 High flue moisture and low temperature may cause condensation which result in high viscosity between dust and filter bag, deashing operation fail.

排除结露现象后，滤袋压力可以

自然恢复。After dispose the condensation, filter bag’s pressure can spontaneous to recover.

第六章电袋除尘器的润滑和润滑项目表

Chapter Ⅵ Lubrication and Lubricating Items of COEBP

各传动电机轴承的润滑按电机说明书进行。The lubrication of each drive motor bearing

should be processed accord to the electric machine specification

下表所列润滑油牌号用户可根据所在地温度的变化适当调整或更换。如锂基脂可用钙

钠脂（ZGN-2）来代替。Users can make proper adjustments or changes the following lubricating

oil labels accord to local temperature. Such as lithium based grease can be replaced with calcium

sodium grease (ZGN-2)

润滑项目表 lubricating items table

Oil Site Lubricant

Name Lubricant

Mode

Allowable

Temperature℃

Name Stand

ard Label

加换油期 Time for oilingng or & oil change

Remarks

行星摆 60 No46 machinery

N46 Change for each 1~2 years

GB443-84





42

线针轮

减速机cycloidal planetary gear speed reducer

oil or No 90 industrial gear oil

回转卸

料器轴

承Gyration tripper bearing

Grease cup

60 锂基润滑脂Lithium base grease

ZL-2 24~180 小时注油一次 Oil injection per 24~180 hours

SY1412-75

第七章电袋除尘器的易损件明细表

ChapterⅦ List of Vulnerable Parts of COEBP

部件名称

Part’s Name

易损件名称

Vulnerable parts’

name

使用状况

Service

condition

措施

Measure

绝缘轴

Insulating

Shaft

绝缘轴 Insulating

Shaft 损坏 Breakage

更换新备件

Change for a

new one

绝缘子Insulator

绝缘子

Insulator

损坏

Breakage

更换新备件

Change for a

new one

阳极振打

CE rapping

system

1．轴承 Bearing

2．衬套 Bush

3．弹性圆柱销

Elastic cylindrical

pin

磨损量Wearing

capacity>2.5mm

更换新备件

Change for a

new one




esp bag filter

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