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Factory and sales

Av. Marechal Rondon, 1215ZIP Code 06093-900 - Osasco - SP

Phone: 0800 709 3777Fax: (0xx11) 2147-8555

www.cimaf.com.br

April 2013

Technical Manual

Wire Rope

Choose quality


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54

Presentation

The wire ropes presented in this catalogue are manufactured with raw material provided byBelgo Bekaert Arames, a joint venture between ArcelorMittal world reference in the steelindustry and Bekaert world reference in the manufacture of wires.

The Cimaf rope was the first wire rope manufactured in Brazil and consolidated itselfas the one of greater volume in Latin America. The Cimaf line of wire rope is the mostcomplete one in the continent.

Their products became renowned as a symbol of quality and trust, full technical supportbeing a differential of the brand.

Its manufacture counts with the most modern technology, following the highest standardsof quality.

What was good became even better.

The Cimaf wire ropes integrate the Belgo Bekaert Arames line of products, with all itstechnology acquired on the course of years of research. Be lgo Bekaer t Arames offersa line products which is increasingly complete and with an excellent level of quality,ensuring the achievement of designs with technological growth and evolution.

To use Cimaf wire ropes is an assurance of safety with protection of the greatest

asset: LIFE.

Quality Assurance

Cimaf maintains a dynamic Quality Assurance System, in continuous enhancement,seeking product constant improvement, through the essential element which is man.

This system is detailed in the Quality Manual and defines the inspection plans whichaccompany the entire production, from the raw matter until the p roduct. This processcertified by the ISO 9001:2008, by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and by theInstituto Nacional de Metrologia [National Metrology Institute], includes gauging andcalibrating all the metering instruments and tests, including the internals audits of thesystem, according to the national and international rules and standards.

1 Wires 9

1.1 Quality in material ...........................................................................9

2 Wire ropes 13

2.1 Constructions and lay types ..........................................................13

2.1.1 Number of strands and number of wires in each strand ......................132.1.2 Core type .........................................................................................16

2.1.3 Direction and Lay Type ......................................................................172.2 Rope lay length ............ ............. ............. ............. ............. .............18

2.3 Lubrification ..............................................................................18

2.4 Preforming ............ ............. ............. ............. ............. ............ .......20

2.5 Wire rope strength ........................................................................21

2.6 How to make an order ..................................................................22

3 Properties of the wire rope 23

3.1 Working loads limit and design factors ..........................................23

3.2 Constructional Stretch of the wire ropes ........................................24

3.3 Diameter of a wire rope .................................................................26

4 Recommendations for using 27

4.1 Choice of construction as a function of the application ..................27

4.2 Diameters of sheaves and drums ..................................................27

4.3 Fleet angle ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............ .......29

5 Handling 31

5.1 How to handle ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............31

5.2 Winding in smooth drum or reel ....................................................33

6 Wire rope splicing 35


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76

9.7 Wire rope class 6x19 - Steel core .................................................61

9.8 Wire rope class 6x36 - Fibre core..................................................62

9.9 Wire rope class 6x36 - Steel core .................................................63

9.10 CWire rope class 6x36 - Steel core ...............................................64

9.11 Wire rope class 8x19 - Fibre coreSpecial for Passenger Elevators - Traction .....................................65

9.12 Cabo de ao classe 8x19 - Alma de fibra

Especial para Elevadores de Passageiros - Limitador .....................659.13 Wire rope class 18x7 ....................................................................66

9.14 Wire rope class 6x19 - Fibre Core - Fishing ...................................67

9.15 ProPac ............ ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............68

9.16 PowerPac ............. ............. ............. ............. ............ ............. ........69

9.17 ErgoFlex ............. ............. ............ ............. ............. ............. ..........70

9.18 ErgoFlex Plus ............ ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ...71

9.19 MinePac ............. ............ ............. ............. ............. ............. ..........72

10 Recommendations of wire ropes 74

10.1 Bulldozer ............ ............. ............ ............. ............. ............. ..........7410.2 Bulldozer ............ ............. ............ ............. ............. ............. ..........75

10.3 Bulldozer ............ ............. ............ ............. ............. ............. ..........76

10.4 Crane on tracks ............................................................................77

10.5 Stationary crane ...........................................................................78

10.6 Overhead crane ............................................................................79

10.7 Suction dredge ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............80

10.8 Transportation of wooden logs ......................................................81

10.9 Pile driver ............. ............. ............. ............. ............ ............. ........82

10.10 Mining - Inclined plane ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .83

10.11 Mining - Inclined well ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ...8410.12 Vertical well ..................................................................................84

10.13 Cableway ....................................................................................85

10.14 Blast furnace ................................................................................86

10.15 Passenger elevator .......................................................................87

10.16 Work site winch - Work site elevator .............................................88

10.17 Percussion drilling ............. ............. ............ ............. ............. ........89

10.18 Rotary drilling ...............................................................................90

10.19 Ropes for offshore ........................................................................91

7 Inspection and replacement criteria 39

7.1 Number of broken wires................................................................39

7.2 External wear ................................................................................39

7.3 Corrosion .....................................................................................40

7.4 Unbalance of the wire ropes ..........................................................40

7.5 Deformation* ...............................................................................40

7.6 Replacement criteria ............. ............ ............. ............. ............. .....42

8 Product characteristics 43

8.1 Spiral strands ...............................................................................43

8.2 Wire rope - Class 6x7 e 8x7 ..........................................................44

8.3 Wire rope - Class 6x7 ...................................................................45

8.4 Wire rope - Class 6x19 .................................................................46

8.5 Wire rope - Class 6x36 .................................................................47

8.6 Wire rope - Class 6x61 ................................................................48

8.7 Wire rope - Class 8X19 ...............................................................49

8.8 Wire rope - Class 18x7 and 35x7(Rotation Resistant) ......................................................................50

8.9 High Performance wire ropes ErgoFlex .......................................51

8.10 High Performance wire ropes ErgoFlexPlus ................................52

8.11 Wire rope - Class 6x7 e 6x19 Galvanized ......................................53

8.12 High Performance wire ropes - ProPac..........................................54

8.13 High Performance wire ropes - PowerPac ....................................55

8.14 High Performance wire ropes MinePac .......................................55

9 Tables 57

9.1 Spiral Strands 19 and 37 wires Electrification .............................57

9.2 Spiral Strands 7 and 19 wires - Automobile Industry .....................58

9.3 Wire rope class 6x7 - steel coreAutomobile Industry .....................................................................58

9.4 Wire rope class 6x7 - Fibre core ...................................................59

9.5 Wire rope class 6x7 steel core ...................................................59

9.6 Wire rope class 6x19 - Fibre core..................................................60


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10.20 Rope for navy ...............................................................................92

10.21 Ropes for fishing ..........................................................................93

10.22 Suspension bridge ........................................................................9410.23 Highway protection .......................................................................95

10.24 Electricity .....................................................................................96

10.25 Port crane ....................................................................................97

10.26 Tirfor ............................................................................................98

10.27 Suspended Fishing Tackle .............................................................9810.28 Derrick .........................................................................................99

10.29 Rocker arm ................................................................................100

10.30 Tensostructure............................................................................101

10.31 Hillo Winch .................................................................................102


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1.1 Quality in material

The steel wires used in manufacturing a Cimaf rope are submitted to the strictest testscorresponding to the most demanding specifications used in manufacturing wire ropes.The materials approved by this testing ensure the safety and the good quality of thefinished product.

Conventionally, the wire ropes can be manufactured in some traction resistancecategories, namely:

Initial Correspondence in N/mm2

PS 1370 - 1770IPS 1570 - 1960

EIPS 1770 - 2160

EEIPS 1960 - 2160

SHT 2160 - 2350

1 Wires

Wi e St e gth Catego


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Note: The bright wire ropes in the gauges between 6.4 mm and 52 mm, have theFaixa Amarela[Yellow Stripe] identification (a strand lubricated with yellow grease)except for specific uses, such as, for instance: ropes for passenger elevators, high

performance cables and others.

Another current manufacture product is the wire rope for elevators. The quality of the steelfor this product is special, gathering the characteristics required to withstand the stresseswhich take place in the elevator facilities.

Galvanized ropes (Zinc coated)

Wire ropes subject to aggressive environments or in contact with water, require anadditional protection against corrosion.

Cimaf manufactures the wire ropes galvanized with wires which have a uniform layer ofzinc, which can by applied by a process of fire or electrolytic zinc plating.

Galvanization of these wires can be done in the final gauge or in an intermediary gaugeand later, it is drawn again, providing an uniform zinc layer. The intermediary gaugegalvanized wires are called redrawn galvanizedwires.

The Cimaf wire ropes produced with galvanized wires have the same resistance to tractionas the bright wire ropes on the strength range.

The initials PS, IPS, EIPS and EEIPS refer to the first stages of development of the wireropes and remain until today. The Plow Steel resistance curve forms the basis forcalculating the wire strengths.

As it can be observed in the graph, the wire traction resistance for each category is notconstant, varying inversely to their diameter.

The categories are also characterized by the quality of elasticity, resistance to traction andto abrasion, which importance will depend on the application of the wire ropes.

However, the modern trend in manufacturing wire ropes is to obtain a product whichgathers all these characteristics in the highest possible degree.

The wire ropes manufactured in the SHT category are manufactured with steel core(IWRC), being recommended for special applications, where a great resistance to tractionis required, having limitations of mass and diameter. It is a rope of maximum duration,resistance and responsibility.

Main advantages of the SHT wire rope:

1 - Rupture load 10% greater than the EEIPS category, enabling the increase of loadcapacity, without increasing the diameter of the wire rope.

2 - Insurmountable resistance to abrasion, kneading and shock.

It is worthwhile to remember that resistance to traction is not the only factor to be takeninto account when specifying the ropes. Thus, Cimaf produces wire ropes especiallydeveloped for such applications as: passenger elevator, overhead crane, oil rig, winch,work site elevator, among others.

2.1/2 Wire ropes

EIPS

EEIPS

SHT

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

kN


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Main wire ropes and strands

The Cimaf wire ropes and strands are especially designed for the following segments:

Civil Construction, Foundations, Equipment, Sugar-alcohol, Mining, Siderurgy, Elevators,Automobile Industry, Oil, Fishing and Electrification.


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2.1 Constructions and lay types

Construction is a term employed to indicate the number of strands, the number of wires ineach strand and its composition, as we will see next:

2.1.1 Number of strands and number of wires in each

strand

(por exemplo: o cabo 6 X 19 possui 6 pernas com 19strand

(for instance: rope 6 X 19 has 6 strands com 19 wireseach).

The strands for the wire ropes can be manufacturedin one, two or more operations, according to theircomposition. In the early manufacturing of wire ropes,the usual compositions of the wires in the strands were inmultiple operations, with wires of the diameter, such as: 1+ 6/12 (2 operations) or 1 + 6/12/18 (3 operations).

So, at first, 6 wires were twisted around a central wire.

Later, in a new passage, the core (1 + 6) wires werecovered with 12 wires

2 Wire ropes

Ribbon withManufacturerID Core

Centre Wire

Strand

Strand Wire


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In single composition, all the wires have the samediameter.

In the Sealecomposition there are at least two adjacentlayers with the same number of wires. All the wires of theexternal layer in this composition have greater diameter toincrease the resistance to wear caused by friction.

TheFiller composition has very thin wires between thetwo layers. This condition increases the area of contact,flexibility, resistance to kneading and reduces wearbetween the wires.

Warringtonis the composition where there is at least onelayer built of wires of two different and alternate diameters.Wire ropes manufactured with this composition have agood resistance to wear and a good resistance to fatigue.

On the other hand, there are still other kinds ofcompositions which are formed by agglutinations of thementioned above, such as, for instance, the Warrington-Seale composition, which has the main characteristics ofeach composition, providing the rope a high resistance

to abrasion conjugated with a high resistance to bendingfatigue.

With the improvement of manufacturing techniques, machines and constructions of ropeswere developed which enabled us the confection of strands in a single operation, all thelayers being in the same pitch.

So the following compositions appeared Seale, Filler and Warrington, formedby wires of different diameters. These compositions present great advantages over

the strands manufactured in multiple operations for they eliminate their advantages asmentioned above.

Fatigue testing has shown that wire ropes with strands manufactured in a single operationhave greater durability to those of the wire ropes manufactured in multiple operations.


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2.1.3 Direction and Lay Type

When the strands are laid from left to right, it issaid that the wire rope is right lay (Z).

When the strands are laid from right to left, it issaid that the wire rope is left lay (S).

The use of the left lay rope is uncommon in themajority of applications. All the characteristicsof the application must be considered beforespecifying a left rope.

In theregular lay rope,the strand wires arelaid in the opposite direction to the lay of thestrands themselves. As a result, the wiresfrom the top of the strands are positionedapproximately parallel to the longitudinal axisof the wire rope. These ropes are stable, have

a good resistance to internal wear and twisting and are easy to handle. They also have aconsiderable resistance to kneading and warping due to short length of the exposed wires.

In the Lang lay rope,the strand wires are laid in the same direction to the lay of thestrands themselves. The external wires are positioned diagonally to the longitudinal axisof the wire rope and with a greater exposure length than in the regular lay. Due to thefact of the external wires having a greater area exposed, the Lang lay provides greaterresistance to abrasion to the wire rope. They are also more flexible and have greater

resistance to fatigue. They are also more subject to internal wear, distortion and warpingand have a low resistance to kneading. Moreover, the Lang lay wire rope must always have

their ends permanently attached to prevent their distortion and, on this account, are notrecommended to move loads with only a single line of rope.

Note: Except for special cases (such as, for instance, airlines tractor rope), Lang layropes with fibre core must not be used on account of presenting poor stability and smallresistance to kneading.

2.1.2 Core type

The core of a wire rope is a nucleus around which the strands are layed and are arranged ina helix manner. Its main function is to make the strands be positioned in such a manner that

the stress applied in the wire rope is distributed uniformly between them. The core can becomprised of either natural or synthetic fibre; it can also be formed by a single strand or byan independent Wire rope.

Almas de fibra:Fibre cores in general provide greater flexibility to the wire rope. The Cimafwire ropes can have cores made of natural fibres (FC) or synthetic fibres (SFC). The naturalfibre cores are normally made of sisal, and the synthetic fibre cores are usually made ofpolypropylene.

Almas de ao: The steel cores ensure greater resistance to kneading and increaseresistance to traction. The wire rope can be formed by a single strand of rope (WSC) or byan independent wire rope (IWRC), this latter mode being preferred when greater flexibility isrequired from the rope, combined with high resistance to traction. Wire ropes with diameterequal to or above 6.4 mm, when provided with steel core, are the IWRC type.

A 6-strand rope with steel core presents approximately an increase of 7.5% in its loadcapacity in the IPS category and approximately an increase of 12.5% in load capacity in the

EIPS category in relation to a rope with fibre core of the same diameter and construction.Its mass also has an increase of approximately 10%.

Regularright

Regularleft

Langright

Langleft

Rope with FC Fibre Core(natural fibre core) or

SFC (Synthetic fibre core)

Rope with Steel Core formedby Independent Wire Rope

Core IWRC

Rope with Steel Core formed bya single WSC strand


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2.2 Rope lay length

It is defined as lay length of a wire rope the distance, measured parallel to the rope axis,required so that a strand makes a full turn around the rope axis.

2.3 Lubrification

Rope lubrication is very impor tant for its protection against corrosion and also to reducewear by friction by the relative movement of its strands, the wires and the wire ropeagainst the equipment parts, such as, for instance, sheaves and drums.

The Cimaf wire ropes are lubricated during the manufacturing process as a lubricantcomposed especially for each kind of application.

This lubrication is adequate only for a storage period and operations start-up of thewire rope.

For good rope conservation, it is recommended to lubricate it on a regular basis.

If an adequate lubrication plan is not carried out, the wire rope will be subject to:

The occurrence of oxidation with porosity causing loss of metal area and,consequently, loss of load capacity;

The wires start to become brittle, due to the excess corrosion;

As the wire rope wires move relatively against one another, during use, they are subjectto wear by friction. Lack of lubrication intensifies wear, causing loss of wire ropecapacity caused by loss of metal area;

Porosity also causes internal wear of the wires, resulting in loss of load capacity.

Lubrication of a wire rope is just as important as lubrication of a machine.

Never use burnt oil to lubricate a Wire rope, for it contains small metal particles which willcause friction with the rope, in addition to being an acid product and contain few of thecharacteristics which a good lubricant must have.

Overhead Crane

Whinch

Work SiteElevator

Rocker Arm

Derrick

Loop

Cableway

Fishing

PassengerElevator

ROCOL RD-105

GCA-2

COSMOLUBE

HT 00 M3

CHASSIS 1234

CHASSI Ca-2

CHASSI 2

2C

QUIMATIC 20

BIOFLUKE

Calcium Soap withmolybdenium disulfide

Bentone Soap withmolybdenum disulfide

Calcium Soap

Calcium Soap

Calcium Soap

Calcium Soap

Biodegradable

Paraffinic mineral oil

ITW

Lubrax

Houghton

ESSO

Texaco

Ipiranga

Manguinhos

Fluke Tecnologia

TAPMATIC

Application Specification Properties Supplier

LAY LENGTH

A lubricant which is adequate for wire rope must have the following characteristics:

To be chemically neutral;

To have good adherence;

To have viscosity capable of penetrating between the strands and other wires;

To be stable under operational conditions;

To protect against corrosion;

To be compatible with the original lubricant.

Before re-lubrication, the rope must be cleaned with a steel brush to remove the old

lubricant and crusts containing abrasive par ticles. Never use solvents, for they remove theinternal lubrication, in addition to deteriorating the fibre core.

The rope must be re-lubricated just after being cleaned.

Due to the small space between the strand wires and the strands in the wire rope, duringre-lubrication, the lubricant being applied will have difficulty in fully penetrating the wirerope.

As a general rule, the most efficient and cost-effective form of re-lubrication is througha method which applies the lubricant continuously during the rope operation, such as:immersion, dripping and spraying.

It is recommended that the lubricant application point is preferably where the wire ropepasses through sheaves or drums, for at this moment, an opening occurs between thestrands on the top part of the wire rope, favoring lubricant penetration.

In the table below we suggest a few lubricants, for field re-lubrication.

notes:

The performance of the lubricants from the table was analyzed in the eld. Othersimilar specications can be used.

These lubricants are not commercialized by Cimaf.

Please consult our technical assistance for fur ther information.


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2.5 Wire rope strength

The aggregate breaking forceof the wire rope is obtained by means of the wire strengthmultiplied by the total section area of all the wires.

The minimum breaking forceof the wire rope is obtained by means of its aggregatebreaking force, multiplied by the spinning loss factor. This factor varies according to thevarious classes of wire ropes.

The measured breaking forceis determined in laboratory, by means of wire rope traction.

.

The forces indicated on the tables of the Cimaf technical manual always

represent the ropes minimum breaking force.

Spinning loss factor

0,96

0,94

0,86

0,825

0,80

0,73

0,72

Rope class

Spiral Strand 3 and 7 wires

Spiral Strand 19 and 37wires

6x7

6x19, 8x19 and MinePac

PowerPac, 6x36

ErgoFlex and ErgoFlex Plus

18x7

Preformed rope Non preformed or semi preformed rope

2.4 Preforming

The Cimaf wire ropes can be provided both preformingand non preforming; however,in the majority of applications, preformed is more recommended than non preformed.The difference between a preformed and a non preformed rope consists in that whenmanufacturing the former, an additional process is applied, which makes the strandsand the wires stay laid in helical shape, remaining placed inside the rope in their naturalposition, with a minimum of internal tensions.

The main advantages of the preformingrope can be numbered as follows:

1. In the non preformed rope, the wires and the strands have the tendency to straighten,and the force required to keep them in position causes internal tensions to which areadded the tensions caused in service when the rope is curved in a pulley or in a drum.

The internal tensions cause pressure between the wires in the region of contact betweenlayers and between strands which move reciprocally the moment the rope is curved,causing a sharp internal friction. In the preforming rope the internal tensions are minimum,and therefore, friction and consequently rope wear is minimal.

The preformed wire ropes, on account of having minimum internal tensions, have greaterresistance to fatigue than the non preformed ropes.

2. Handling is made much easier by the absence of internal tensions.

3. Rope balanced is ensured, each strand having equal tension equal to the other, dividingthe load into equal parts between the strands.

4. Handing is safer, the rope being free from tensions, not having the tendency to escapefrom your hand. Secondly, if a wire ruptures by wear, it will remain lying down in itsnormal position, not bending outwards, which would make it dangerous to handle.


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2.6 How to make an order

The following must be pointed out when consulting or ordering wire ropes:

1. Diameter;2. Construction (number of strands, wires e composition: Seale, Filler or other);3. Core type (fibre or steel);4. Lay (regular or Lang / right or left)5. Preforming (preformed, non preformed or semi preformed);6. Lubrication (with or without lubrication);7. Category of resistance to traction of wires (PS, IPS, EIPS, EEIPS) or a Minimum

Breaking Force (Fmim);8. Finishing (bright or galvanized);9. Indication of application;10. Length

Note: When the finish is not indicated, it is understood as bright.

Example of order:

Wire rope 19 mm, 6x41 Warrington-Seale + IWRC, Right Regular Lay, preformed,lubricated, IPS resistance and length 500 m. Use in overhead crane.

In addition to the ABNT standards, our products fulfill the strictest international standards,such as:

API - American Petroleum Institute


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3.1 Working loads limit and design factors

Note: The reference Minimum Breaking Force (Fmim) is also known as Minimum BreakingLoad (MBL).

Working load limit is the maximum load that the wire rope is authorized to support.

The design factor (DF) is the ratio between the minimum breaking load (MBL) of the ropeand the working load limit (WLL), i.e.:

An adequate design factor will ensure:

- Safety in load movement operation;

- Performance and durability of the wire rope and, consequently, cost effectiveness.

The table below recommends the minimum design factors (DF) for various applications:

3 Properties of the wire rope


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Construction of the wire rope or strand F Factor

8X19 Seale, 8x25 Filler 0,359

MinePac 0,374

6x7 0,395

6x19 M 0,396

6x31/ 6x36 / 6x41 Warrington Seale 0,410

6x19 Seale 0,416

6x25 Filler 0,418

18x7 Rotation Resistant 0,426Spiral Strand 7 wires 0,589

Spiral Strand 37 wires 0,595

Spiral Strand 19 wires 0,600

Class E (Kgf/mm2)

6 x 7 9.000 a 10.0006 x 19 8.500 a 9.500

6 x 36 7.500 a 8.500

8 x 19 6.500 a 7.500

6 x 7 10.500 a 11.500

6 x 19 10.000 a 11.000

6 x 36 9.500 a 10.500

7 wires 14.500 a 15.500

19 wires 13.000 a 14.000

37 wires 12.000 a 13.000

Wire ropes fibre core

Wire ropes steel core

Spiral Strands

P X LL =

E X Am

L= elastic stretches

P = applied load

L = length of rope

E = modulus of elasticity

Am

= metal area

A = F x d2

:

3.2 Constructional Stretch of the wire ropes

Pre-stretched Ropes

There are two kinds of longitudinal stretches in wire rope, i.e.: constructional and elastic.

Constructional Stretches

Constructional stretches is permanent and starts just af ter a load is applied to the wirerope. It is motivated by the adjustment of the wires in the rope strands and by the settlingof the strands in relation to its core.

Constructional stretches occurs in the first days or weeks of ser vice of the wirerope, depending on the applied load. On the conventional wire ropes, its value variesapproximately from 0.50% to 0.75% of the length of the wire rope under load.

Constructional stretches can be almost totally removed through pre-stretching of the wirerope. The pre-stretching operation is done by a special process and with a load whichmust be greater than the ropes working load limit, and lower than the load corresponding

to its elastic limit.

In certain installations, such as, for instance, in Blast Furnace Skip, the elongation ofthe wire rope can not exceed a certain limit; it must be pre-stretched. It s also usual topre-stretch the rope to be used in suspension bridges or similar services.

Cimaf is capacitated to pre-stretch wire ropes with diameters up to 58 mm.

Elastic StretchesA deformao elstica diretamente proporcional carga aplicada e ao comprimento docabo de ao, e inversamente proporcional ao seu mdulo de elasticidade e rea metlica.

The metal area of a wire rope varies as a function of the construction of the wire rope. It iscomprised by the sum of the cross-section areas of the individual wires which compose it,except for filler wires.

The calculation of the metal area of a wire rope or strand can be done by means of theformula below. Although this calculation is not exact, its result is very approximate.

Where,

A = metal area in mm2;F = multiplication factor given in the following table;d = nominal diameter of the wire rope or strand in millimeters.

Notes: For ropes with 6 strands with IWRC add 15% to metal area; with WSC add 20% and for

ropes with 8 strands with IWRC add 20% to its metal area. In general, the elastic stretch of a wire rope can be estimated on 0.25% to 0.50%,

when the same is submitted to a tension corresponding to 1/5 of its breaking force,depending on its construction.

Note:

Elastic stretch is proportional to the applied load as long as it does not exceed theelastic limit value of the rope. This limit for usual wire rope is approximately 55% a 60%of its minimum breaking load.

Modulus of elasticity of wire ropes:the modulus of elasticity of a wire rope increasesduring its service life, depending on its construction and the conditions under which it isoperated, such as intensity of the applied loads, constant or variable, bends and vibrations

to which it is submitted.

The modulus of elasticity is smaller on the new or unused ropes, being that for used ornew pre-stretched ropes, the modulus of elasticity increases approximately 20%.

Next we provide the approximate modulus of elasticity of the usual constructions of newwire ropes.


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Certo Errado

3.3 Diameter of a wire rope

The nominal diameterfor the rope is the one by which it is designated.

The actualdiameter for the rope must be obtained measuring in a straight part of rope,in 2 positions with minimum spacing of 1 m. Two measurements must be taken in eachposition, with a 90offset, of the circumscribed circle diameter. The average of these 4measurements must be the actual diameter.


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4.1 Choice of construction as a function of the application

The flexibility of a wire rope is inversely proportional to the diameter of its externalwires, while the resistance to abrasion is directly proportional to this diameter. As aconsequence, a composition with fine wires can be chosen when the bend fatigue stressprevails, and a composition of thicker external wires when the work conditions requiregreat resistance to abrasion.

The table below stands as a general rule.

By the table above, the 6x41 WS construction wire rope is the most flexible one, thanksto the smaller diameter of its external wires; however, it is the least resistant to abrasion,while the contrary takes place with the 6x7 construction wire rope.

4 2 Diameters of sheaves and drums

6 x 41 Warrington-Seale6 x 36 Warrington-Seale6 x 25 Filler

6 x 21 Filler6 x 19 Seale6 x 7

Maximumflexibility

Minimumflexibility

Minimum resistanceto abrasion

Maximum resistanceto abrasion

4 Recommendations for using


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OF THE GROOVE

30 - 60

O

FTHE

SHEAVE

GROOVE OF THE NEW OR MACHINED SHEAVEWIRE ROPE OF THE WORN GROOVE

WEAR OF THE SHEAVE GROOVEMAKES MACHINING OR REPLACEMENTOBLIGATORY

Diameters indicated for sheaves and drums per type of equipment

D = Diameter of the sheave or drum

d = Diameter of wire rope

(ISO 4308) Sheave groove For optimum rope life, the sheave groove profile should becorrectly matched to the rope diameter. The groove radius, should lie within the range0,525d to 0,550d, with 0,537d, where d is the nominal rope diameter.

4.3 Fleet angle

According to the recommendations of the standards, the fleet angle of wire rope in thesegment between the sheave and the drum must not exceed;

a = 1 30 for conventional wire ropes (Classes: 6x7, 6x19, 6x36, 8x19, 8x36), withwinding in drums with no groove drums.

= 2 Rotation resistant wire ropes, with winding in dr ums with groove drums;

= 4 for conventional wire ropes (Classes: 6x7, 6x19, 6x36, 8x19, 8x36), withwinding in drums with grooved drums.

When a rope is coiling in multiple layers on the drum, the fleet angle at the flanges shouldbe greater than 0.5 to avoid rope pile-up.

These recommendations seek to prevent the wire rope from being damaged, for if the fleetangle is greater that the maximum indicated, we will have two inconveniences:

The wire rope will maintain sharpfriction with the sheave flangeincreasing the wear of both;

During o winding, the wirerope will maintain sharpfriction with the adjacent turnalready wound in the drumincreasing its wear andpromoting damage which willinfluence its service life, as wellas its safety.

Although a recommendation waspresented regarding the wire ropesfleet angle on the sheave segmentwith the smoothdrum (with nogrooved drums), the standardsrecommend that all the hoistingequipment must be equipped witha drum with grooved drums. Thisrecommendation is due to thefact of the inconvenience of thewire rope, when wound, it leavesvoids between the winding turnson the drum, making the upperlayer go into these voids providinga disordered winding and, as aconsequence, influencing its servicelife and safety.

Tipe of equipment Standard ApplicationDrum Sheave

D/d minimum

Hoisting

Elevation of boom

Block

Hoisting

Hoisting

DragD

rilling

Hoisting

Traction

Compensation

18

15

---

18

24

22

20

18

40

-

18

15

16

18

24

22

30

18

40

32

ASMEB30.5

ASMEB30.3

ANSIM11.1

API SPEC 9B

API SPEC 9B

ASMEA17.1

Crane

Derrick

Bulldozer

Rotating drill

Offshore crane

Passenger Elevator


20/62


21/62

5.1 How to handle

The wire rope must be handled with care so as to avoid throttling (knot), causing aharmful twist as show in the example below:

The wire rope must never be allowed to take the shape of a loop as shown in figure 1.However, a knot can be avoided if the loop is promptly undone (opened).

As shown infigure 2, with the loop closed, thedamage is done and the load capacity of the wirerope compromised, and the same being out of theconditions for use.

Figure 3shows the result of the knot, for, even ifthe individual wires have not been damaged, the

wire rope loses its proper shape. With the wiresand the strands out of position, the wire rope issubject to uneven tension, exposing it to rupture byoverload, in addition to causing excessive wear tothe displaced strands.

Caution: even if a knot is apparently straightened,the wire rope can never provide maximum

performance, according to the assured capacity.The use of a wire rope with this defect is

5 Handling

2

1


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3332

Rope with lay direction to the right

Rope with lay direction to the left

Top winding fromleft to right

Bottom winding fromright to left

Top winding fromright to left

Bottom windingfrom left to right

Wrong - Figure 6

Correct - Figure. 5

It can also be unwound by means of a rotary table, as shown in figure 5. It is importantthat when unwinding, the reel always turns around its axis and never the wire rope turnsaround the reel axis, as shown in figure 6.

5.2 Winding in smooth drum or reel

It is important that the wire rope, to be well wound, is attached correctly during itsinstallation.

If this does not happen, the first winding layer can present faults, causing, consequently,when the top layers are wound, kneading and warping in the wire rope, which will notablyreduce its service life.

The figures below present a practical rule for the correct attachment of the practical rulefor the correct attachment of the wire rope on smooth drums or reels.


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24/62

The confection of a splice requires careful and skilful work. The perfect settling andpositioning of the strands in the splice segment is important.

It is recommended that a splice length is between 1,000 to 1,500 times the diameter ofthe wire rope.

The essential basis of the splicing process is show in the following example:

The example refers to splicing two wire ropes with a diameter 20 mm, with 6 strands,fibre cores and preformed. A splice length of 20 mm x 1,200, i.e., 24 m was adopted inthis example.

Phase 1: Both wire ropes will be well tied a distance about 12 m from their ends(2x12 m = 24 m of length required for the splice).

6 Wire rope splicing


25/62

3736

Phase 3: The ends of the wire ropes will be pushed one against the other for the strand Ato stay beside strand a, strand B beside strand b, and so on.

Phase 4: The ties will be released. Strand a will be twisted outwards of the assemblyin a length of 10 meters, and strand A shall be twisted into the respective empty space.Strands B and b shall proceed in the same manner.

Phase 5: Strands c and D shall twisted outwards from the ends of the respective wireropes, in a length of 6 meters, and strands e and F a length of 2 meters, counting from

the point of joining the wire rope, and the respective strands will be twisted into the spacespreviously emptied.

Phase 6: The figure above shows the par t corresponding to the splice when ready.

Care is required with the splices. A badly done splice represents a great hazard.

For more information, please consult our Technical Department.

A

BC

b

a

c

D

F

E

d

f e

B

b

A

a

Cc

D

FE

d

f e

B

b

A

a

C

c

E

e

F

f

D

d


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27/62

Inspection in wire ropes is of the utmost importance for an adequate and safe service life.

The first inspection to be done in a wire rope is the Receival Inspection, which mustassure that the material is as requested and has a certificate of quality issued by themanufacturer.

In addition to the Receival Inspection, two other inspections must be carried out, theVisual Inspection and the Periodic Inspection.

The Visual Inspectionmust be performed on a daily basis on the wire ropes used in loadmovement equipment and before each use for the loops. The purpose of this inspection isa visual analysis to detect damages on the wire rope which can cause hazards during theuse. Any suspicion regarding the material safety conditions must be informed and the wirerope inspected by a qualified person.

The frequency of the Periodic Inspection must be defined by factors such as: type ofequipment, environmental conditions, operating conditions, results of previous inspectionsand time of service of the wire ropes. For the wire ropes slings, this inspection mustbe done at intervals not in excess of six months, having to be more frequent when itapproaches the end of its service life. It is important that the results of the inspections arerecorded.

Whenever an incident occurs which may have caused damages to the rope or when it has

been out of service for a long time it must be inspected before the beginning of the job

7 Inspection and replacement criteria


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4140

When this deformation is sharp, they can change the original geometry of the wire ropecausing imbalance of stresses between the strands and, consequently, its rupture.

The most common deformation are:

a) Waviness

Occurs when the longitudinal axis of the wire rope takes on the shape of a helix. Insituations where this anomaly is sharp, it can transmit a vibration on the wire rope which,during work, will cause premature wear, as well as broken wires.

b) Crush

Crush on the wire rope is normally caused by the disorderly winding on the drum. Insituations where the disorderly winding can not be avoided, the use of wire rope with steelcore must be chosen.

c) Birdcaging

This warping is typical in wire rope with steel core in situations where a sudden release of

tension takes place. This irregularity is critical and prevents the wire rope from continuingto be used.

d) Core protusion

It is a characteristic also caused by the sudden release of tension of the wire rope, causingan imbalance of tension between the strands, preventing it from continuing to be used.

7.3 Corrosion

Corrosion decreases the load capacity by reducing the metal area of wire rope, in additionto accelerating fatigue.

It can be detected visually, when it shows up on the external part of the wire rope.

Detection of internal corrosion is more difficult; however, a few indications can point outits existence:

Variation in rope diameter: the decrease of diameter usually takes place in thefolding points of the wire rope. I n wire ropes or strands for static use, the increase of

diameter is common due to the increase of oxidation. Approximation between strands: frequently combined with broken wires in the

valleys

7.4 Unbalance of the wire ropes

In conventional wire ropes, normally with 6 or 8 strands with fibre core, a typical damagecan happen which is a ripple of the wire rope cased by the sinking of 1 or 2 of its strandsand it can be caused by a few motives:

a) Poor attachment, which allows a few strands to slide, the remaining ones beingovertensioned.

b) Fibre core of reduced diameter.c) Fibre core which deteriorate, giving no support to the strands of rope.

On ropes with several layers of strands, as in the resistant to rotation ropes and ropeswith steel core, the danger of birdcaging and raised core exists, defects which can becaused by the following motives:

d) Poor handling and/or installation of rope, giving rise to torsions or distortions ofthe same.

In case a the danger exists of the overtensioned strands breaking; in cases b and c,there is no imminent danger, however, there will be an uneven wear in the wire rope and,therefore, low efficiency.

Case d is more common for Non-Rotating ropes and with Steel Core, where the dangerof birdcaging and raised core exists. These de fects are grave and require promptreplacement of the wire rope.

7.5 Deformation*

Deformation in the wire ropes occurs mainly due to misuse or irregularities in theequipment or, further, by inadequate methods of handling and attaching.


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e) Kink or knot (dog leg)

It is characterized by a discontinuity in the longitudinal direction of the wire rope which inextreme cases reduces its load capacity. It is normally caused by improper handling or

installation.

7.6 Replacement criteria

Even if the wire rope works in optimum conditions, a moment comes in which, afterreaching the end of its service life, it needs to be replaced by virtue of its natural

degeneration.In any installation, the problem consists in determining what is the maximum efficiencywhich can be obtained from a wire rope before replacing it, to keep it working in completesafety, since, in the greater por tion of the installations, the breaking of a wire rope putshuman lives at risk.

There isnt a precise rule to determine the exact moment for replacing a wire rope. The

decision of a wire rope remaining in service will depend on the evaluation of a qualifiedh t it diti i t i ti b d di l


30/62

8 Product characteristics

Construction TablePage

Characteristics

Used in stays, tie rods, messenger ropes andsimilar uses.

Used in the automobile industry and similarpurposes

57

58

8.1 Spiral strands

19 wires

(1+6/12)37 wires

(1+6/12/18)

8 2 Wire rope - Class 6x7 e 8x7 8 3 Wire rope - Class 6x7


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4544


Characteristics

Wire ropes of 6 strands with 5 to 9 wires ineach strand.

They have excellent resistance to abrasionand to pressure and low flexibility, itsapplication being limited. Normally, it ismanufactured with fibre core; it can bemanufactured with steel core.

Used in operations where it is subject to

friction during the operation and also forstatic purposes, such as stays.

59

6x7+AF

1+6

6x7+AA

or 7x7

1+6

6x7+AACI1+6


Characteristics

Used in the automobile industry, for raisingthe window. 58

8x7+AA1+6

6x7+AAor 7x71+6

8.2 Wire rope - Class 6x7 e 8x7 8.3 Wire rope - Class 6x7

8.4 Wire rope - Class 6x19 8.5 Wire rope - Class 6x36


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4746


The great number of wires of the ropes of thisclass makes the rope highly flexible.

The ropes of this class, in the most commondiameters, adapt well in applications where they

have to work dynamically on drum and pulleys.In larger diameters, this class has excellentresistance to abrasion and to kneading, sufficientfor the most critical operations.

6x36+AFWarrington-Seale1+7+(7+7)+14

6 x 41 + AACIWarrington-Seale1+8+(8+8)16

6 x 41+AFWarrington-Seale1+8+(8+8)+16

62

to

63


Characteristics


They have good resistance to bending andgood resistance to abrasion.

This class is one of the most used, offeringthe most adequate constructions for the

greater portion of the applications in the mostcommon diameters.

Special care must be taken with6x19 M construction wire ropes. They are

reccomended for static application only.

60

and

61

6x19+AACISeale

1+9+9

6x19+AFSeale

1+9+9

6x25+AACIFiller

1+6+6+12


Characteristics

8.4 Wire rope Class 6x19 8.5 Wire rope Class 6x36

8.6 Wire rope - Class 6x61 8.7 Wire rope - Class 8X19


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4948


In this class, the ropes are usually manufacturedwith FC.

Due to the relatively large size of the core,necessary for manufacturing this class, thiswire rope is more susceptible to flattening whensubmitted to a high pressure in the pulley anddrum; thus, its use is recommended in operationswith moderate loads.

The greater portion of the passenger elevatorsuses wire ropes with diameters between 9.5 mmand 16.0 mm, in this class.

658x19+AF

Seale1+9+9


Characteristics

Wire ropes of 6 strands with 61 to 85 wires. Theseropes are usually manufactured in diameters above90 mm, where the great number of wires ensures

good flexibility.

64

6x71+AACI

Warrington-Seale

1+6+8+(8+8)+16+24


Characteristics

8.6 Wire rope Class 6x61 8 e ope C ass 8 9

8.8 Wire rope - Class 18x7 and 35x7 8.9 High Performance wire ropes ErgoFlex


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5150

Manufactured with 34 compacted strands, theErgoFlex wire rope is composted of 7 wires ineach strand and steel core.

The ErgoFlex was especially developed forequipment that works in applications where the

hoisting height is critical, such as, for instance:

Fixed derricks, telescoping, erecting andextending boom.

Tower cranes used in ships and oil rigs Equipment with only a single line of rope for

hoisting loads Systems with more than one layer of winding

on the drum

In addition to its excellent anti-rotating proper ty,we can highlight:

High Minimum Breaking Force High exibility due to the construction

characteristics High resistance to fatigue due to the

compacting of the strands Galvanized nish reducing the level of oxidation

and increasing the resistance to fatigue bybending

Note:All the cares pointed out in the previouspage must be taken as a reference.

70

35xK71+6


Characteristics

The rotation resistant wire ropes are usually manufactured with 12external strands of 7 wires each with regular right lay, laid arounda nucleus composed of 6 strands of 7 wires each with Lang leftlay which in turn are laid around a core which can be made of fibreor steel.

The term Rotation Resistant, is due to the smaller tendency ofturning of this wire rope which is grounded in the inversion of laybetween the layers of external and internal strands, annulling the

torsion moment under tension.

The ropes of this class twist a little in the beginning of applying theload, until it stays in balance.

The rotation resistant wire ropes must be used with great care andwith design factors higher than the other classes.

Special care recommended in the use of Rotation Resistantropes:

1) The general instructions for handling wire ropes must befollowed, preventing them, both when unwinding from the reeland in installing in the machine, from suffering distortions orknots which may render them useless.

2) This wire rope is very sensitive to brusque variations of loadand requires a very smooth handling. In general, there must bea weight next to the hook to keep it under tension. Most times,

the brusque variations promote birdcaging, rendering the wirerope useless.

3) It must be avoided that the rotation resistant rope undergoesrotation during service.

4) On attaching (anchoring), it is essential that all the strands of therotation resistant rope are well attached, including the internalones. To achieve that, attachment by means of clips or otherpressure-actuated fittings must be avoided, the use of socketsis recommended.

5) This rope must be wound on a drum with channel and sufficientdimensions to prevent overlapping of different layers.

6) The rotation resistant rope is usually recommended forequipment which works with only a single wire rope line, orfurther, when the equipment works with two very close ropelines, its hoisting height being very high.

Note:By virtue of the special cares which are required in

installation, handling and operation of the rotation resistant ropes

(18x and 19x7), it is recommended to limit is employment only to

the essential cases.

66

19 x 7

1+6


Characteristics

p(Rotation Resistant)

g p g

8.10 High Performance wire ropes ErgoFlexPlus 8.11 Wire rope - Class 6x7 e 6x19 Galvanized


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5352

Manufactured with high zinc layer and artificialfibre core (SFC), promoting high resistance tocorrosion, high flexibility and greater durabilityensuring an excellent performance in the fishingindustry.

59

and

67

6x19+AFASeale

1+9+9


Characteristics

6x7+AFA1+6

71

34xK(7+17)

(1+6) / (1+8+8)


Characteristics

Manufactured with 33 strands and compactedcore, the ErgoFlexPlus wire rope is composted of7 wires in each external strand and steel core and17 wires in internal each strand.

The ErgoFlexPlus was especially developed forequipment that works in applications where thehoisting height is critical, such as, for instance:

Fixed derricks, telescoping, erecting andextending boom.

Tower cranes used in ships and oil rigs Equipment with only a single line of rope for

hoisting loads Systems with more than one layer of winding

on the drum.

In addition to its excellent anti-rotating property,we can highlight:

High Minimum Breaking Force High exibility due to the construction

characteristics High resistance to fatigue due to the

compacting of the strands Increase of structural stability as a function of

the plasticized core Galvanized nish reducing the level of oxidation

and increasing the resistance to fatigue bybending

Note:All the cares pointed out in the previouspage must be taken as a reference.

8.12 High Performance wire ropes - ProPac 8.13 High Performance wire ropes - PowerPac


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5554

The PowerPac ropes were especially developed fordynamic applications, mainly for equipment suchas: Port Cranes, Ship Loaders and Off-Loadersand Overhead Cranes.

In addition to its high per formance, the PowerPacrope stands out due to:

1) Greater performance promoted by thecompacted strands and coated core.

2) High Minimum Breaking Force.

3) Easiness of adapting to the equipment; it canbe manufactured with strands of 21 to 41wires.

4) Greater structural stability and internalcorrosion protection due to the coated core.

5) Use in systems with more than one layer ofwinding on the drum.

69

8xK31+EPAACI

Warrington-Seale

1+6+(6+6)+12


Characteristics

8.14 High Performance wire ropes MinePac

The MinePacropes were especially developed fordynamic applications, mainly for equipment in themining sector, such as: bulldozers (Shovel andDragline).

In addition to its high performance, the MinePacrope stands out due to:

1) Greater performance promoted by thecompacted strands.


3) Greater structural stability and internal andexternal corrosion protection due to complete ropecoating.

72

EP8xK36+AACI

Warrington-Seale

1+7+(7+7)+14


Characteristics

The ProPacropes were especially developed fordynamic applications under severe conditions,mainly for equipment such as: Overhead Cranes,Ship Loaders and Off-Loaders.

In addition to its high performance, the ProPacrope stands out due to:

1) Greater resistance to abrasion promotedstrands compacted


3) Use in systems with more than one layer ofwinding on the drum.

4) Easiness of adapting to the equipment; it canbe manufactured with strands of 26 to 36wires.

68


Characteristics

6xK31+AACI

1+6+(6+6)+12


37/62


38/62

9 Tables

9.1 Spiral Strands 19 and 37 wires Electrification

DiameterConstruction

Approx. Mass(kg/m)

Minimum BreakingForce (tf)

mm in. EHS

12,7 1/2" 1x19 0,77 13,0014,3 9/16" 1x19 0,98 17,00

15,9 5/8" 1x19 1,22 21,00

19,0 3/4" 1x37 1,76 29,00

20,2 13/16" 1x37 1,98 32,80

22,2 7/8" 1x37 2,40 40,00

25 4 1" 1x37 3 12 50 00

19 wires1+6/12

37 wires1+6/12/18

9.2 Spiral Strands 7 and 19 wires - Automobile Industry 9.4 Wire rope class 6x7 - Fibre core


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5958

The value for mass indicated on the table refers to the internal standard of BBA;it can vary as a function of the wire rope lay length tolerance.

6x71+6

6x71+6


6x7+AA

1+6

8x7+AA

1+6

7 wires

1+619 wires1+6/12

9.3 Wire rope class 6x7 - steel coreAutomobile Industry

9.5 Wire rope class 6x7 steel core

Diameter Approx. Mass(kg/m)


mm in. IPS

1,6 1/16 0,008 0,16

2,4 3/32 0,018 0,35

3,2 1/8 0,031 0,61

4,0 5/32 0,046 0,96

4,8 3/16 0,065 1,38

6,4 1/4 0,145 2,50

8,0 5/16 0,235 3,80

9,5 3/8 0,376 5,50

14,5 9/16 0,725 12,30



mm in. IPS

2,4 3/32" 0,024 0,37

3,2 1/8" 0,034 0,66

4,0 5/32" 0,065 1,04

4,8 3/16" 0,085 1,49

Diameter

mm

Spiral Strand

ConstructionApprox. Mass

(kg/m)


IPS1,5 1x7 0,011 0,22

1,2 1x19 0,007 0,14

1,5 1x19 0,011 0,22

2,0 1x19 0,020 0,39

2,5 1x19 0,520 0,62

2,8 1x19 0,580 0,78

3,0 1x19 0,046 0,89

3,2 1x19 0,052 1,01

3,5 1x19 0,062 1,20

Diameter

mm

Spiral Strand

ConstructionApprox. Mass

(kg/m)

Minimum Breaking Force (tf)

180

kgf/mm

215

kgf/mm

235

kgf/mm

250

kgf/mm

1,5 6x7 0,011 - - 0,28 -1,5 8x7 0,011 - - - 0,27

1,6 6x7 0,011 - - 0,28 -

1,8 6x7 0,011 - - 0,32 -

2,0 6x7 0,020 - - 0,37 -

2,4 6x7 0,021 0,36 - - -

9.6 Wire rope class 6x19 - Fibre core 9.7 Wire rope class 6x19 - Steel core


40/62

6160

6x19 Seale1+9+9

6x25 Filler1+6+6+12



6x19 Seale1+9+9

6x25 Filler1+6+6+12



mm in. IPS EIPS

3,2 1/8" 0,040 0,65 0,73

4,0 5/32 0,063 1,02 1,13

4,8 3/16" 0,096 1,46 1,64

6,4 1/4 0,142 2,68 3,10

8,0 5/16" 0,268 - 4,80

9,5 3/8" 0,352 - 6,86

11,5 7/16" 0,519 - 9,30

13,0 1/2" 0,685 - 12,10

14,5 9/16" 0,868 - 15,20

16,0 5/8" 1,058 - 18,70

19,0 3/4" 1,496 - 26,80

22,0 7/8" 2,036 - 36,10

26,0 1" 2,746 - 47,00

29,0 1.1/8" 3,447 - 59,00

32,0 1.1/4" 4,192 - 72,60

38,0 1.1/2" 6,009 - 103,30

42,0 1.5/8" 7,120 - 122,0045,0 1.3/4" 8,368 - 141,00

52,0 2" 10,921 - 183,70

Diameter Approx. Mass

(kg/m)


mm in. IPS EIPS

3,2 1/8" 0,036 0,61 -

4,8 3/16" 0,082 1,37 -

6,4 1/4" 0,142 2,50 2,73

8,0 5/16" 0,230 3,90 4,30

9,5 3/8" 0,343 - 6,1011,5 7/16" 0,479 - 8,30

13,0 1/2" 0,608 - 10,80

14,5 9/16" 0,775 - 13,60

16,0 5/8" 0,933 - 16,80

19,0 3/4" 1,298 - 24,00

22,0 7/8" 1,805 29,50 32,60

26,0 1" 2,442 38,50 42,60

29,0 1.1/8" 3,055 - 53,90

32,0 1.1/4" 3,733 60,10 66,50

35,0 1.3/8" 4,529 - 80,50

38,0 1.1/2" 5,328 86,50 95,80

45,0 1.3/4" 8,368 - 130,4052,0 2" 9,740 - 170,30

9.8 Wire rope class 6x36 - Fibre core 9.9 Wire rope class 6x36 - Steel core


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6362

The value for mass indicated on the table refers to the internal standard of BBA;

it can vary as a function of the wire rope lay length tolerance.

6x36 Warrington-Seale1+7+(7+7)+14

6x47 Warrington-Seale1+6/8+(8+8)+16






6x47 Warrington-Seale1+6/8+(8+8)+16



mm in. IPS EIPS EEIPS

6,4 1/4" 0,173 2,70 3,10 -

8,0 5/16" 0,266 4,15 4,79 -

9,5 3/8" 0,399 5,96 6,86 -

11,5 7/16" 0,538 8,10 9,30 -

13,0 1/2" 0,695 10,50 12,10 -

14,5 9/16" 0,879 13,20 15,20 -

16,0 5/8" 1,044 16,20 18,70 -

19,0 3/4" 1,520 23,40 26,80 -22,0 7/8" 2,073 31,80 36,10 -

26,0 1" 2,610 41,50 47,00 -

29,0 1.1/8" 3,456 52,50 59,00 -

32,0 1.1/4" 4,230 64,80 72,60 -

35,0 1.3/8" 5,086 78,40 87,20 -

38,0 1.1/2" 5,918 93,30 103,30 -

42,0 1.5/8" 7,368 - 122,00 -

45,0 1.3/4" 8,387 - 141,00 -

52,0 2" 11,159 - 183,70 -

57,2 2.1/4" 13,821 - 232,50 -

63,5 2.1/2" 16,980 - 274,00 301,00

69,9 2.3/4" 19,166 - 333,10 360,00

76,2 3" 24,549 - 389,00 437,20

85,7 3.3/8" 29,744 - 487,00 529,00

95,3 3.3/4" 37,606 - 585,00 640,00

102,0 4" 44,000 - 595,00 647,00

108,0 4.1/4" 46,919 - 667,00 725,10



mm in. IPS EIPS

6,4 1/4" 0,150 2,50 2,72

8,0 5/16" 0,228 3,90 4,26

9,5 3/8" 0,353 5,55 6,10

11,5 7/16" 0,479 7,88 8,27

13,0 1/2" 0,580 10,10 10,80

14,5 9/16 0,786 12,50 13,60

16,0 5/8" 0,919 15,20 16,80

19,0 3/4" 1,359 22,00 24,0022,0 7/8" 1,842 29,50 32,60

26,0 1" 2,376 38,50 42,60

29,0 1.1/8" 3,064 50,10 53,90

32,0 1.1/4" 3,770 60,10 66,50

35,0 1.3/8" 4,687 73,00 80,50

38,0 1.1/2" 5,530 86,50 95,80

45,0 1.3/4" 7,628 117,70 130,40

52,0 2" 9,978 153,80 170,30

9.10 CWire rope class 6x36 - Steel core 9.11 Wire rope class 8x19 - Fibre coreSpecial for Passenger Elevators - Traction


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6564

* 6x19S+AFThe value for mass indicated on the table refers to the internal standard of BBA;


Fabricados e testados de acordo com as exigncias da norma ISO 4344

8x19

Seale1+9+9


Special for Passenger Elevators Traction

9.12 Cabo de ao classe 8x19 - Alma de fibraEspecial para Elevadores de Passageiros - Limitador

8x19Seale1+9+9

6x19Seale1+9+9

6x71Warrington-Seale

1+6+8+(8+8)+16+24

DiameterApprox. Mass

(kg/m)


mm in. 1770N/mm2

6,4* 1/4 0,140 2,50

6,4 1/4 0,145 2,52

8,0 5/16 0,223 3,82



mm in. TS

8,0 5/16 0,223 2,86

9,5 3/8 0,315 4,10

11,0 - 0,445 5,42

13,0 1/2 0,560 7,60

16,0 5/8 0,880 11,55Diameter Approx. Mass

(kg/m)


mm in. EIPS

114,0 4.1/2 55,700 806,0

121,0 4.3/4 62,000 891,0

127,0 5 68,700 978,0

9.13 Wire rope class 18x7 9.14 Wire rope class 6x19 - Fibre Core - Fishing


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The value for mass indicated on the table refers to the internal standard of BBA;it can vary as a function of the wire rope lay length tolerance..



19x7

1+6

6x19

Seale1+9+9


Minimum Breaking Force

mm in. IPS

9,5 3/8" 0,340 5,60

13,0 1/2" 0,590 9,80

14,5 9/16" 0,770 12,30

16,0 5/8" 0,940 15,20

19,0 3/4" 1,298 21,70



mm in. IPS EIPS

6,4 1/4" 0,170 2,40 -

8,0 5/16" 0,260 3,75 -

9,5 3/8" 0,358 5,40 -

11,5 7/16" 0,523 7,40 -

13,0 1/2" 0,699 9,60 -14,5 9/16 0,821 12,10 -

16,0 5/8" 1,054 15,00 -

19,0 3/4" 1,492 21,50 -

22,0 7/8" 2,050 29,30 -

26,0 1" 2,639 38,20 42,30

29,0 1.1/8" 3,295 48,40 53,60

32,0 1.1/4" 4,121 59,70 66,10

9.15 ProPac 9.16 PowerPac


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(kg/m)


mm in. 1960N/mm2

tf kN

12 0,690 12,00 118

- 1/2" 0,800 14,10 138

- 9/16" 0,930 16,30 160

15 - 1,070 18,80 184

- 5/8" 1,220 21,30 209

18 - 1,540 27,00 265

19 - 1,730 30,00 294

- 3/4" 1,740 30,60 30020 - 1,930 33,90 332

22 - 2,340 41,00 402

24 - 2,780 48,70 478

- 1" 3,020 52,90 519

26 - 3,240 55,50 544

28 - 3,680 65,40 641

- 1.1/8" 3,940 70,10 687

29 - 4,029 71,50 701

30 - 4,220 75,10 736

- 1.1/4" 4,800 85,40 837

32 - 4,906 86,40 847

34 - 5,420 96,40 945

35 - 5,869 102,10 1.001

36 - 6,209 108,10 1.060

38 - 6,918 120,30 1.180

40 - 7,665 133,40 1.308

42 - 8,451 147,10 1.442

Diameter

Approx.Mass(kg/m)


mm in.1770 N/mm2 1960 N/mm2 2160 N/mm2

tf kN tf kN tf kN

12 - 0,673 11,70 115 12,50 123 13,80 135

13 - 0,810 14,00 137 15,40 151 16,90 166

14 - 0,939 16,10 158 17,80 175 19,90 195

16 - 1,226 21,10 207 23,50 230 25,30 248

18 - 1,513 26,50 260 29,50 289 32,00 314

19 - 1,730 29,80 292 33,00 324 35,90 352

20 - 1,865 32,70 321 36,40 357 39,60 388

22 - 2,319 40,00 392 44,30 434 48,30 474

24 - 2,728 47,40 465 52,00 510 56,10 550

26 - 3,239 55,00 539 62,00 608 67,80 665

28 - 3,698 64,20 630 71,20 698 77,80 763

29 - 4,029 69,00 677 75,80 743 82,80 81230 - 4,240 74,10 727 80,90 793 87,90 862

32 - 4,906 84,40 828 92,90 911 102,20 1.002

35 - 5,869 100,30 984 111,20 1.090 114,60 1.124

36 - 6,082 106,10 1.040 117,60 1.153 128,20 1.257

38 - 6,918 118,60 1.163 132,40 1.298 142,80 1.400

40 - 7,475 131,10 1.286 145,20 1.424 156,70 1.537

42 - 8,451 145,00 1.422 158,00 1.549 175,00 1.716

- 1.3/4" 9,487 158,70 1.556 174,90 1.715 195,20 1.914

46 - 10,138 174,90 1.715 190,30 1.866 211,10 2.070

48 - 11,038 189,70 1.860 209,10 2.050 229,50 2.250

50 - 11,977 202,90 1.990 226,80 2.224 250,50 2.456

52 - 12,955 218,10 2.139 245,40 2.406 269,90 2.647

54 - 13,970 238,60 2.340 264,60 2.595 289,90 2.843

58 - 16,117 272,20 2.669 305,40 2.995 334,20 3.27760 - 17,247 292,70 2.870 326,60 3.203 357,10 3.502

62 - 18,416 310,00 3.040 348,80 3.420 384,30 3.768

64 - 19,624 324,30 3.180 371,70 3.645 406,20 3.983

66 - 20,869 346,70 3.400 395,30 3.876 433,20 4.248

68 - 22,153 367,10 3.600 419,50 4.114 459,80 4.509

70 - 23,476 387,50 3.800 444,60 4.360 488,90 4.794

72 - 24,836 411,00 4.030 466,60 4.575 517,20 5.072

75 - 26,949 441,10 4.325 505,20 4.954 551,70 5.410

9.17 ErgoFlex 9.18 ErgoFlex Plus


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Nominal Diameter Approx.Mass(kg/m)


mm in.1960N/mm2 2160N/mm2

tf kN tf kN

22 - 2,490 45,50 446 46,00 451

24 - 2,963 54,60 535 55,60 545

- 1" 3,332 61,10 599 62,20 610

26 - 3,478 63,90 627 65,10 638

28 - 3,920 73,90 725 75,20 737

29 - 4,184 79,20 777 80,90 793

30 - 4,482 84,60 830 86,70 850

32 - 5,134 96,30 944 98,70 968

34 - 5,751 108,20 1.061 111,40 1.092

36 - 6,380 121,50 1.191 123,30 1.209

38 - 7,428 135,30 1.327 137,20 1.345

40 - 7,899 150,00 1.471 152,40 1.494

42 - 8,739 165,30 1.621 168,40 1.651

45 - 10,417 189,80 1.861 193,60 1.898

Nominal Diameter Approx.Mass

(kg/m)


mm in.1960N/mm2 2160N/mm2

tf kN tf kN

10 - 0,438 9,40 91,70 10,10 98,60

12 - 0,638 13,60 133 14,70 144

13 - 0,750 15,90 156 17,10 168

14 - 0,862 18,50 181 19,70 193

15 - 1,013 21,20 208 22,90 225

16 - 1,141 24,30 238 26,00 255

18 - 1,418 30,40 298 32,20 316

19 - 1,633 34,10 334 37,00 363

20 - 1,777 37,70 370 40,30 395

22 - 2,148 46,10 452 48,60 477

- 7/8" 2,150 46,20 453 48,70 478

24 - 2,529 54,00 530 57,10 560

- 1" 2,910 60,50 593 65,70 644

26 - 3,021 63,90 627 68,30 670

28 - 3,466 73,90 725 78,20 767

- 1.1/8" 3,670 76,50 750 82,30 807

29 - 3,731 79,20 777 83,90 823

30 - 4,025 84,60 830 90,90 891

32 - 4,578 96,30 944 103,30 1.01334 - 5,168 108,20 1.061 116,40 1.141

36 - 5,829 121,50 1.191 130,50 1.280

38 - 6,476 135,30 1.327 145,30 1.425

40 - 7,138 150,00 1.471 160,90 1.578

42 - 7,940 165,30 1.621 178,00 1.745

45 - 8,960 189,80 1.861 201,90 1.980

9.19 MinePac


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(kg/m)


mm in.1770N/mm2

tf kN

38 - 6,17 108,10 1.060

- 1.3/4" 9,23 148,48 1.456

48 - 10,68 171,53 1.682

58 - 15,53 249,75 2.449

60 - 16,41 265,04 2.599

- 2.1/2" 18,70 302,06 2.962

71 - 22,99 346,01 3.393

74 - 24,97 375,89 3.686

10 Recommendations of wire ropes invarious applications

10.2 Bulldozer


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10.1 Bulldozer

various applications

A) Bucket hoisting rope

6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), lang lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.

B) Boom hoisting rope

6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.

C) Bucket drag cable


A) Bucket hoisting rope MinePac, lang lay, bright, 1770 N/mm2.



C) Bucket opening rope


D) Mobile arm command rope

MinePac, lang lay, bright, 1770 N/mm2.

B

A

C

B

A

C

D

10.3 Bulldozer 10.4 Crane on tracks


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PowerPac, regular lay, bright, 1960 N/mm 2.


6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS

ProPac, regular lay, bright, 1960 N/mm2.

C) Drag rope PowerPac, regular lay, bright, 1960 N/mm 2

A) Hoisting rope

6x25 Filler, bre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.



C) Boom holding cable


B

A C

B

A

C

10.5 Stationary crane 10.6 Overhead crane


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More than on branch of rope for hoisting load: 6x25 Filler, bre core (FC), regular lay,bright, preformed, EIPS.

If the rope is subject to kneading on the drum, use the same specifications above withsteel core (IWRC).

Only a single load hoisting rope: ErgoFlex or ErgoFlexPlus.



C) Crane rotation rope

6x41 Warrington-Seale, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS.

D) Tie rods

6x7, steel core (WSC), regular lay, bright/galvanized, preformed, IPS or EIPS.

A) Hoisting rope

6x41 Warrington-Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS.

PowerPac, regular lay, bright, 1960 N/mm 2.

ProPac, regular lay, bright, .1960 N/mm2.

B) Rope for raising hot loads

6x41Warrington-Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS,

PowerPac, regular lay, bright, 1960 N/mm 2,

Notes: Lay right and left can be used simultaneously in installations which have two or more

independent ropes. Wire rope with steel core (IWRC) is also recommended for working in corrosive

atmosphere. We manufacture other constructions under consultation.

B

D

A

C

12

A

B

10.7 Suction dredge

10.8 Transportation of wooden logs


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A) Stake rope

6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), Lang lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.

6x41 Warrington-Seale, steel core (IWRC), Lang lay, bright, preformed, IPS.

6x41 Warrington-Seale, steel core (IWRC), Lang lay, bright, preformed, IPS

B) Direction rope


C) Hoisting rope


D) Tie rod ropes 6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.

B

D

D

A

C

A) Winch rope


B) Slings

6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS

BA

10.10 Mining - Inclined plane.10.9 Pile driver


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A) Traction rope

6x7, bre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.

6x19 Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.


ProPac, regular lay, bright, 1960 N/ mm2.

A) Hammer rope


B) Guide tube rope


C) Block rope

6x25 Filler, bre core (FC) regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.

6x41 Warrington-Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS.

AA

B

C

A

10.11 Mining - Inclined well 10.13 Cableway


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A) Hoisting rope

6x19 Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.


ProPac, regular lay, bright, 1960 N/mm2

10.12 Vertical well

A) Hoisting rope


Note:The following ropes are recommended in installations in which the cabin are not guided:Ergoflex or ErgoflexPlus

A) Track rope

Full-locked coil

B) Tractor rope

6x25 Filler, bre core natural, regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS.

6X19 Seale, synthetic bre core (SFC), Lang lay, bright, preformed, IPS.

Note: By virtue of rope wear on the bucket engagement bridges, it is recommended to

always choose the tractor rope with external wires as thick as possible, according tothe diameters of the sheaves on the installation.

For diameters below 1 inch, the construction 6x25F+FC, regular lay and EIPS wireresistance can be used.

A

A

A

B

10.14 Blast furnace 10.15 Passenger elevator


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A) Hoisting rope


B) Cone ropes


Note: These ropes are usually pre-stretched before placed into use, Lay right and left can be used simultaneously in installations which have two or

more independent ropes.

A) Traction ropes

8X19 Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay,bright, preformed, controlled lubricationand special wires resistance forelevators.

B) Compensation rope

8X19 Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay,bright, preformed, special wires

resistance for elevators.

C) Speed limiter rope

6x19 Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay,bright, preformed, special wiresresistance for elevators,

8X19 Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay,galvanized, preformed, special wiresresistance for elevators.

.

A

A

A

B

A

C

B

10.16 Work site winch - Work site elevator 10.17 Percussion drilling


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A) Winch rope

6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS,

6x41 Warrington-Seale, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS.

Note:If the which drum has grooves, the wire rope can be used with fibre core (FC).

A) Drilling rope

6x19 Seale, bre core (FC), regular left lay, bright, preformed, dual tensile wireresistance.

B) Auxiliary rope


A

B

B B

A

10.18 Rotary drilling 10.19 Ropes for offshore


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A) Drilling ropes

6x19 Seale, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright, preformed, EIPS,Note:Fibre core (FC) is recommended only in shallow wells.

B) Auxiliary ropes

6x7, bre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS or EIPS.

A) Anchoring rope

6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, preformed, galvanized, EIPS.

6x36 Warrington-Seale, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, preformed, galvanized,EIPS/EEIPS.



B) Indicator rope

6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, preformed, galvanized, EIPS.




Note:For other constructions, diameters and Minimum Breaking Force, consult our

technical department.

A

B

AA

BB

10.20 Rope for navy 10.21 Ropes for fishing


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A) Hoisting rope or halyard

6x19 Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay, preformed, galvanized, PS.

6x25 Filler, bre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS.

B) Cargo rope 6x19 Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay, preformed, galvanized, PS.

6x41 Warrington-Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, IPS.

6x25 Filler, bre core (FC), regular lay, bright, preformed, IPS.

C) Vangs

6x7, bre core (FC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, PS,

6x19 Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, PS

D) and E) Backstays

6x7, bre core (FC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, IPS.

6x19 Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, IPS.

6x41 Warrington-Seale, bre core (FC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, IPS.

A) Real rope

6x7, bre core (FC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, IPS.

6x19 Seale, synthetic bre core (SFC), regular lay, galvanized, preformed, IPS.

B) Scissors rope

6x19 Seale, synthetic bre core (SFC), regular lay, galvanized preformed, IPS.

A) Rope for net trawling

6x19 Seale, synthetic bre core (SFC), regular lay, galvanized preformed, IPS.

C

B D

A

E

AB

C

B

A

A

AA

A

10.22 Suspension bridge 10.23 Highway protection


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A) Main rope

1x19, galvanized, pre-stretched, EIPS.


6x7, steel core (WSC), preformed, galvanized, regular lay, pre-stretched, EIPS.

6x19 Seale, steel core (IWRC), preformed, galvanized, pre-stretched regular lay,EIPS.

6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), preformed, bright, pre-stretched regular lay, EIPS.

B) Suspension ropes



6x7, steel core (WSC), pre-stretched, regular lay, EIPS.

6x19 Seale, steel core (IWRC), preformed, galvanized, pre-stretchedregular lay, EIPS.

6x25 Filler, steel core (IWRC), preformed, bright, pre-stretched regular lay, EIPS.

1x7, galvanized, IPS/EIPS.



6x19 Seale, steel core (IWRC), preformed, galvanized, pre-stretched regular lay,IPS/EIPS.

A

A

B

10.24 Electricity 10.25 Port crane


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A) Ground rope

Strand 7 wires, galvanized, HS or EHS.

B) Messenger rope and tie rods



C) Aluminum ropes



A) Hoisting rope

PowerPac, regular lay, galvanized, 1960 N/mm2

A

A

C

B

CA

10.26 Tirfor 10.28 Derrick


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10.27 Suspended Fishing Tackle

A) Spiral Strand

Spiral Strand 19 wires, galvanized, HS.

A) Hoisting rope


A) Hoisting rope

19x7 Rotation Resistant, regular lay, bright or galvanized, IPS.

Ergoex, lang lay, galvanized, 1960 N/mm2

ErgoexPlus, lang lay, galvanized, 1960 N/mm2

A) Tie Rod

1x19 wires, galvanized, IPS.A

AB

A

10.29 Rocker arm 10.30 Tensostructure


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A) Hoisting rope


6x19 Seale, steel core (IWRC), regular lay, bright or galvanized, preformed, EIPS.

A) Anchorage tie rod

1x19

espec_rev3_220413demos

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