essential questions what is the significances of industrialization and urbanization on life in...
TRANSCRIPT
Essential QuestionsWhat is the significances of industrialization and
urbanization on life in America during the mid-1800s?
How did the women’s rights movement grow out of the abolitionist movement, and what opposition did it face?
Women in Society
-cult of domesticity
husband, children, home, church
- housework and child care were only proper activities for married women
-could not vote in most places –
-could not own property or keep wages if husband lived
Reformers
- middle-class white women inspired by the optimistic message of the Second Great Awakening
-expanding efforts to seek equal rights for themselves
-Abolitionists / Suffrage: right to vote
Women’s Reforms
Grimke sisters: abolitionists that taught slaves
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Stanton: organized the Seneca Falls Convention, women’s rights
Susan B. Anthony leader of women’s rights, voted illegally
Sojourner Truth former slave, women’s rights, “ain’t I woman?”
Women’s Reforms
-Temperance
- move to ban alcohol
- offshoot of increased influence of churches and the women’s rights movement
- American Temperance Society founded 1826
Women’s Movement
-women saw increased opportunities in reform movements
- i.e. abolitionists, religion
-Seneca Falls Convention, 1848Women’s rights. Led by Lucrietta Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
“Declaration of Sentiments” based on Declaration of Independence
Reforms
-Women’s Education
Catherine Beecher
Oberlin College – first co-ed college
-Health Reform
- Elizabeth Blackwell – first woman to graduate from medical college
- Amelia Bloomer – publisher of a temperance newspaper, idea of bloomers
Markets Expand
-by the mid 1800’s people were no longer totally self-sufficient
- Market revolution: people bought and sold goods rather than making them for their own use;
-produce one product, buy all others
-specialization – (ex. Make one part of the finished product, rather than the entire thing)
-capitalism: production and distribution owned by individual or company
-standard of living rose for almost everyone!
Transportation Changes
-Robert Fulton
steam powered ships – makes travel against current possible
-many canals were built after Erie was completed – use of canals MUCH cheaper
-growth of railroads – will transform transportation
Inventions Improve Life
-Charles Goodyear
vulcanized rubber
-I.M. Singer
sewing machines
-Samuel Morse
telegraph, Morse code – improves communication
- relaying up-to-date information!
Agriculture
-people began to move into the mid-western parts of the nation
-John Deere: steel plows;
-Cyrus McCormick
mechanical reaper
**These two make farming and settlement of west easier**
Changing Workplace
-development of industry – continued expansion
-decline of skilled labor due to specialization
-growth of urban areas: cities and industrial areas
-cost of goods decreased and supply increased – Supply and Demand theory!
Factory System Begins
-Lowell textile mills 1st textile mill, located on rivers, most important industry before civil war
-factory system
-company town for young girls work before marriage
Company towns: everything is owned by the main company in the town
-strict control over the workers lives
-factory conditions would warn of future problems
Working Conditions
-long hours
-six days a week
-poor ventilation and lighting
-unsafe working conditions
-development of labor unions and strikes
Immigration
-lots of immigration in the mid 1800’s becomes referred to as “Old Immigration”
-mostly Irish or German
-most immigrants settled in groups, replace working women at mills
-low wages of immigrants caused problems with other workers – immigrants will work for less
-Growth of Nativism: opposition to immigration
-Know-Nothing Party: opposed to immigration